Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résistance à la tyrannie'
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Sayed, Baba. "Le droit de résistance à la tyrannie : deux lectures divergentes de l'islamisme politique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6221.
Full textBoniteau, Adrien. "De la résistance aux révolutions : réception, adatation et intégration des thèses monarchomaques dans le débat théologio-politique anglais : (années 1580-années 1720)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAK005.
Full textThe Monarchomachs refer to sixteenth-century French and Scottish Protestant writers who justified a right of institutional resistance to tyranny. The PhD thesis analyses the reception and interpretation of Monarchomach ideas in England. Monarchomach arguments first made relatively marginal inroads into the English theological and political debate between the 1580s and the 1630s. However, the onset of the English Civil War implies a dramatic explosion of the uses of Monarchomach theses during the 1640s, to the extent that the period could be referred to as the Monarchomach moment. Between 1649 and 1660, Monarchomach ideas were integrated into the argument of the new regime, the Commonwealth, and were subject to various institutionalisation attempts. Finally, appeal to the Monarchomach precedent moderated between 1660 and the 1720s
Nayt-Dubois, Armelle. "Gynécocratie et tyrannie dans l'oeuvre de John Knox." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0009.
Full textIn the sixteenth century, as the Reformation was transforming society and culture, an unprecedented number of women came to power in Great Britain. Under Henry VIII, the break from Rome had meant an increase in Royal Prerogative but when his daughter Mary Tudor became queen, Kingship - or rather Queenship - and the Reformation began to share an uneasy relationship. Soon after the marian exiles settled on the continent, they reexamined a topic longforgotten by political theory : female rule. Amongst the exiles, John Knox, the Scottish reformer, called attention to himself when he had "The first blast against the monstrous regiment of women" circulated around England just after the death of Bloody Mary. This thesis looks at the originality of the 1558 pamphlet both within the context of Renaissance political through and within the context of gender
Gaile-Irbe, Agnese. "Réformer la tyrannie : étude du Hiéron de Xénophon." Strasbourg, 2011. http://scd-theses.u-strasbg.fr/2482/01/GAILE-IRBE_Agnese_2011.pdf.
Full textThe first volume contains an elaborate study of the Hiero or Tyrannicus, dialogue written by Xenophon, a prolific author of the IVth century BC. The second volume presents a new translation in French, notes and an index of greek words. The study itself has several aims: it proposes a reflection on the methodology of reading Xenophon; an analysis of the rhetorical structure of the text; an analysis of its place in the corpus xenophonticum; a study of its political message in the historical context of the Greek IVth century; an analysis in the context of the epinician tradition, as well as the tradition of the Greek Fürstenspiegel. It also provides biographies and studies of the two prototypes of the persons of the dialogue, looks into the established topoi about the tyranny that Xenophon worked on and provides detailed comparisons with parallel texts written by important political theorists, Isocrates, Plato and Aristotle. I try to show that the dialogue must be read as a conscious and motivated reaction to the tyrant's portrait in books VIII and IX of the Republic. I also believe that Aristotle had read the Hiero, and the chapters of the Politics that deal with the methods of preserving the tyranny are influenced by some of the Xenophon's ideas. After a detailed study of different historians' hypotheses concerning the prototype tyrant, I conclude that Xenophon must have thought about Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse between 403 and 376 BC. A certain amount of observations and arguments seem to prove that the dialogue was written shortly after 358 BC. The last part is devoted to the reception of the Hiero made by the american philosopher Leo Strauss (1899-1973) who proposed a radically ironic reading of the Hiero that is not historically plausible
Oliveira, Gomes Claudia de. "La tyrannie grecque archaïque : histoire politique et intellectuelle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040220.
Full textThis work analyses the specific place of tyranny in ancient Greece's political and intellectual history. The author seeks to situate the history of political ideas while taking into account historical events alongside considerations of the economy, society - including notions of citizenship – as well as religion and architectural history. This is the background against which the importance of the moment in which tyranny in the history of Greek ideology can be seen. In order to attain its models of intelligibility, this thesis builds on notions taken from political anthropology. The author thus understands tyranny as an archaic form of the State that comes into existence as a veritable political revolution. The tyrannical regime institutes the first means of coercion: a new citizenry that depends on the state and is defined abstractly, a civic religion, a secular and centralized public domain. The evolution of the sixth century Spartan or classic Athenian polis is described as the result of dynamic contradictions between the political structures of the State instituted by tyrrany and the representations of a socially mediated power characteristic of pre-political societies that have not yet created a State. The analysis of archaic poetry shows that the political rupture introduced by tyranny sends ripples into intellectual culture. The texts reveal the appearance of political concepts and the beginning of a causal interpretation of events; the author examines very precisely notions related to the political regime and social groupings. The relationship interwoven between the tyrant and the demos highlights the conditions necessary for the birth of politics as an autonomous field. Finally, this thesis proposes looking at the birth of Ionian philosophy in a new light, as a response to the advent of the autonomy of the political. The physiologoi philosophoi thus attempt to rebuild a holistic understanding of the world that has been shattered by an intellectual crisis, but not without approving of the notional transformations acquired in the wake of the challenge to the tyrannical polis
Corbin-Schuffels, Anne-Marie. "Manes Sperber, 1934-1960 : un combat contre la tyrannie." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030116.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study manes sperber as a political fighter and an engaged journalist in all the main ideological and political fights of the twentieth century. It is based on a large unpublished documentation. In the chosen period, sperber, an antifascist communist, evolves to an anti-sovietic militantism. This evolution is the result of a reflexion about totalitarian regimes. The first part studies how sperber breaks with communism, how he analyses totalitarian regimes and defines the position of intellectuals in society. It is also about the importance of judaism for him. The second part shows sperber's political role in the french occupation zone in germany and in austria after 1945. At that time, sperber fights very strongly against the communists in the congress for cultural freedom. He is the director of the collection "traduit de. . . " by the publisher calmann-levy the third part is an overview of sperber's statements in the intellectual fights of the period. His philosophy of history allows him to believe in the possibility of progress. He proposes a new humanism, based on the research of truth
Frachet, Michiko. "La fontaine de Narcisse : la tyrannie de la culture de l'image." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9847.
Full textRuhatijuli, Etienne. "De la liberté chez Etienne de La Boétie : peut-on se débarrasser de la tyrannie ?" Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIML003.
Full textTyranny is one of the systems known to govern a country. It is despised by many because it goes against the law and well being of a nation. It is the worst of calamities when a country, a territory or a region falls under the control of an unscrupulous human being who kills his people, violate laws and trample on freedoms. What is the behaviour of a population subjected to dictatorship? Does it accept it or not? How do women and men of a sovereign country accept to give up their own freedom and handover their powers to one human being? One individual? To a dictator who will enslave them. Is it wise to ignore that situation? How would people get rid of it and regain their freedom?Here, we are addressing the question of understanding the modern world using the wisdom from BOETIE text, Speech of Voluntary Slavery “Discours de la Servitude Volontaire”. In fact, democracy seems to be the best government system because it represents the people’s aspirations and will. But, in many countries, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, we see emerging type of dictatorships under the cover of the people’s approval. In his texts, La BOETIE, clarifies that situation and all our analyses will try to confirm and corroborate this research hypothesis
Moerman, Ellen Ruth. "L'abbé Prévost traducteur, ou la tyrannie du bon goût : L'époque du "Pour et Contre" (1733-1740)." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30011.
Full textTranslation is one way of reading a text and as such is a source of valuable information on both the history and fortunes of a foreign text abroad, and the translator. In becoming part of the recipient culture, the translated text challenges the accepted norms and deserves to be studied more closely. Where the translation is contemporary to its original, it may also be a source of valuable information on the creation of the original. The abbe prevost (1697- 1763) was a journalist, novelist and translator. His work in the latter capacity enables him to introduce english thinking into france from 1733 onwards. The texts that appear his periodical, the pour et contre (1733-1740) , show an editor with an eclectic taste, unafraid of introducing new, foreign ideas. His reader is made to think about the hierarchy in the arts, greater variety on the stage and the means of achieving this, english humour, slavery, parliamentary democracy and the freedom of expression. Nine texts from the pc by swift, lillo, caleb d'anvers, hamilton etc. Are reproduced in bi-lingual format together with their iconography, thus showing the deliberately informative approach this translator adopts, contrary to current practice. He is a master of the polite, well-informed and elegant challenge and paves the way to domestic tragedy, richardson and hume whilst also practising new forms of writing which he incorporates in his own work
Laporte, Karine. "Figures de la tyrannie dans l'Histoire des empereurs romains ou De la vertu et du vice chez Hérodien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25128.
Full textCe mémoire de maîtrise porte sur l'Histoire des empereurs romains d'Hérodien. Réflexion en quatre parties, cette étude s'intéresse à la représentation des bons et mauvais empereurs chez l'historien et, plus largement, à sa conception du vice et de la vertu. Le premier chapitre analyse les caractéristiques politiques, militaires et personnelles de Marc Aurèle, son optimus princeps. Le deuxième chapitre montre comment Hérodien évalue les empereurs subséquents d'après le modèle inaugural de Marc. Les portraits choisis, pour illustrer cette consécration par l'imitation, sont ceux de Macrin, Commode, Sévère, Alexandre et Pertinax. Le troisième chapitre étudie de façon thématique les vices principaux des tyrans. Le quatrième chapitre examine en détail trois cas de vices uniques, selon la méthode particulière de composition d'Hérodien : la cruauté pour Caracalla et Maximin et l'impiété pour Héliogabale. La conclusion s'attache aux questions du caractère inné et des mérites propres et aux portraits des derniers bons empereurs du récit, Maxime et Balbin.
Laporte, Karine. "Figures de la tyrannie dans l'«Histoire des empereurs romains» Ou De la vertu et du vice chez Hérodien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30861/30861.pdf.
Full textSt-Amant, Christiane. "Résistance cellulaire au Topotecan." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4194.
Full textCahen, Jean-Michel. "Résistance bactérienne au mercure." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10516.
Full textBernard, Christine. "Résistance de Mycobacterium tuberculosis aux fluoroquinolones : histoire naturelle et diagnostic de la résistance." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066462.
Full textFluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is the main factor of worsened prognosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Therefore to better understand the development of FQ resistance is essential in order to improve the tools for early detection of this resistance. We have (i) evaluated the performance of gyrA and gyrB sequencing in the detection of FQ resistance through a prospective study; (ii) studied the natural history of the emergence of FQ resistance in vivo using a murine model of tuberculosis; and (iii) identified tracks for new mechanisms of resistance to FQ by comparative genomics. We showed that the proportion method, designated as the reference method, is not effective in detecting low levels of FQ resistance and that, neither genotypic methods nor phenotypic methods, allow the diagnosis of FQ heterogeneous resistance. A combined strategy based on phenotypic detection of an abnormal proportion of resistant bacteria and genotypic characterization of these resistant bacteria would improve the detection of this heterogeneous resistance. We have identified hypotheses for new FQ resistance mechanisms. These new mechanisms could be responsible of a low-level resistance facilitating the selection of a high-level resistance due to mutations in genes encoding DNA gyrase in a second time. However, their involvement in FQ resistance and our assumption about the selection process remain to be demonstrated
Bernard, Christine. "Résistance de Mycobacterium tuberculosis aux fluoroquinolones : histoire naturelle et diagnostic de la résistance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066462.
Full textFluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is the main factor of worsened prognosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Therefore to better understand the development of FQ resistance is essential in order to improve the tools for early detection of this resistance. We have (i) evaluated the performance of gyrA and gyrB sequencing in the detection of FQ resistance through a prospective study; (ii) studied the natural history of the emergence of FQ resistance in vivo using a murine model of tuberculosis; and (iii) identified tracks for new mechanisms of resistance to FQ by comparative genomics. We showed that the proportion method, designated as the reference method, is not effective in detecting low levels of FQ resistance and that, neither genotypic methods nor phenotypic methods, allow the diagnosis of FQ heterogeneous resistance. A combined strategy based on phenotypic detection of an abnormal proportion of resistant bacteria and genotypic characterization of these resistant bacteria would improve the detection of this heterogeneous resistance. We have identified hypotheses for new FQ resistance mechanisms. These new mechanisms could be responsible of a low-level resistance facilitating the selection of a high-level resistance due to mutations in genes encoding DNA gyrase in a second time. However, their involvement in FQ resistance and our assumption about the selection process remain to be demonstrated
Valette, Justine. "Capacité de résistance des coopératives." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD027/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on cooperatives survival. Since the financial crisis, the cooperative model is particularly promoted for its ability to resist crises. However, this resilience seems to be inferred from many economic facts (growth in cumulative cooperative sector turnover, increase in membership and wage employment, etc.) and not scientific studies. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide scientific insight into the ability of the cooperative model to cope better than corporations. Cooperatives are held by their members who have the dual status of suppliers of capital and suppliers, employees or customers. From this singular ownership flows an ambition that goes beyond the dominant financial paradigm of maximizing value for capital providers: maximizing value for members. Hence, one question arises: does ownership of cooperatives affect their ability to cope better? To answer this question, we have structured our thinking around four essays. The first essay is a literature review that revisits the notion of cooperative performance: in the case of cooperatives, financial performance can be equated with the ability to resist over time, that is, to survive. In the second essay we compare the survival of cooperatives and corporations, by distinguishing between disappearances by mergers and liquidations, and test the influence of classical financial determinants. The results indicate that cooperatives seem to be more resilient through a particular mechanism: the merger. This allows a redeployment of the activity and members can continue to sell their production in an organization that they will collectively hold and that they will manage democratically. Thus, while mergers are not the property of cooperatives, they reflect the principle of solidarity between cooperatives and make it possible for members to avoid the negative consequences of the disappearance of the activity. The results also indicate that the traditional financial determinants do not fully account for the survival of cooperatives. The third essay focuses on longevity. We observe that cooperatives survive longer than corporations. Moreover, this article, voluntarily dealing with a precise and homogeneous sector, propose an explanation for the best survival of cooperatives: it seems that they reflect the fluctuations of activity on their members. The fourth and final essay of the thesis focuses exclusively on cooperatives in order to propose a specific financial analysis and special financial ratios to explain their survival. The results indicate that the determinants of disappearance by mergers and liquidations are different, and confirm the role of mergers as a mechanism of survival. Moreover, contrary to the flagship that cooperatives absorb shocks thanks to their common equity, it seems that the ones which cope better are those whose members agree to bear the risk through their remuneration
Lezala, Sylvie. "La poésie de la résistance." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20024.
Full textFar from being an accidental parenthesis in the french poetry history, the "resistance poetry" represents the continuation of a traditional poetry of fighting in our country. As a logical extension of a movement whose origin takes place around the 1930's, it stresses the existence of a series of interrogations bearing especially on the poet status in our society, on the poetry's aim, on the legitimacy and the limits of a commited orientation and on the conditions of creation of a poetry within the reach of a large reading public. Turning away from any separatist conception of the poetical art, making objection, in the tradition of surrealism, to the primacy of pur esthetism, the "resistance poetry" more considerably attests the massive adherence to the principle of a humanistic poetry
Hélou, Christophe. "Ordre et résistance au collège." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0004.
Full textMarcot, François. "La Résistance dans le Jura." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010527.
Full textStudies about french resistance in jura. Description of german occupation in the only french department who knows the three zones. Study of resistance's evolution and its various aspects : escape through the demarcation line, first patriotic demonstrations, clandestine press, creation of movements, fight against collaborators, sabotages and maquis. Special studies are devoted to maquis, early and numerous in jura (beginning, way of life, functions, guerilla's conceptions and pratice), and to the relationship of resistance with people (concrete examples, evolution and actual contradictions)
Palloix, Alain. "Potentiel et limites d'une résistance polygénique : la résistance du piment (Capsicum annuum) à Phytophthora capsici." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10094.
Full textChauffert, Bruno. "Résistance multidrogue (MDR) et résistance dépendant de la confluence (CDR) dans les cellules cancéreuses coliques." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOMU02.
Full textMammeri, Hedi. "Mécanismes émergents de résistance aux antibiotiques : céphalosporinases à spectre étendu et résistance plasmidique aux quinolones." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D035.
Full textß-Lactams and fluoroquinolones constitute the most prescribed antibiotics used in therapeutics. Recently, two novel acquired mechanisms of resistance were described : the plasmid-borne qnrA gene, encoding a pentapeptide that prevents binding of fluoroquinolones on their targets, and the extended-spectrum AmpC ß-lactamases, which display an increased hydrolysis activity toward oxyiminocephalosporins. During this work, we have characterized several novel extended-spectrum cephalosporinases, mainly produced by Escherichia coli isolates, identified new structural modifications responsable for the extension of the hydrolysis spectrum and revealed the genetic diversity of the ampC genes in E. Coli. We have also described the emergence of the qnrA gene in Europe, the involvement of its genetic environment in its expression, the absence of effect of QnrA on the bactericidal activity of fluoroquinolones, and the origin of qnrA naturally present on the chromosome of Shewanella algae
Demarquilly-Henquell, Cécile. "Résistance des entérobactéries aux béta-lactamines : résistance des Enterobacter aerogenes aux carbapénèmes, résistance des Escherichia coli aux associations de béta-lactamines et inhibiteurs de béta-lactamases." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF1MM04.
Full textLacour, Claude. "Image(s) de la Résistance ou résistance(s) à l'image : 1939 - 1945 : histoire et mythologies cinématographiques." Nancy 2, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc136/2002NAN21026_1.pdf.
Full textWith bringing together and comparisons between the forty three films of the corpus, we are planning to analyze the relations between the film and the concept of resistance kept up by the society, between the film and the way that the resistance to look to itself. By bringing to the fore the different elements which compose the picture, the organisation of the picture in the narrative construction and the tremporal combinations that emerge out the many levels which constitute the film, it appears a narrow tie between the film and the memory, between the film and the history. History takes place in the film through it production context. This research, carrying out a systematic analisis of the films, results in the exposure of a representation of the resistance through a opposition system to the collaboration, which is destroyed by its representation and in the next verification : the film about the resistance subject to the historical writing and to the movements of our social memory and of our construction of identity
Boulé, Hélène. "Julien Freund philosophe de la résistance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25213/25213.pdf.
Full textBoulé, Hélène. "Julien Freund : philosophie de la résistance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19809.
Full textHuth, Claire. "Irisine, adipokines et résistance à l'insuline." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26371.
Full textInsulin resistance and obesity are areas of intense research. Skeletal muscle, as the major site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, is major target in the search for solutions against this metabolic dysfunction. The interaction between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through myokines and adipokines, plays a role in insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The subject of this thesis focuses on the study of irisin and two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, and their relationship with insulin resistance, in middle aged non-diabetic men. Results showed that high levels of circulating irisin are associated to a deteriorated metabolic profile, and that an adipose tissue health secretion profile is a more powerful predictor of insulin sensitivity than abdominal obesity.
Yataganas, Xénophon. "Droit de résistance et désobéissance politique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020047.
Full textThill, Alphonse. "Les pénicillines : la résistance aux pénicillinases." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10497.
Full textLara, Oruno Denis. "Caraïbes en construction : espace, colonisation, résistance." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE2011.
Full textHistory of the Caribbean. Islands and continental space. Prehistory and protohistory. Conquest and breaks. Karib resistance. Robbery, slave trade and slave system. Destruction of the colonial system since 1791 (Santo Domingo). Abolition of slavery in the british and french colonies. Armed struggle in Cuba (1895-1898). Economics and dependance during the XXth century. Dictatures. Marcus Garvey's area. The Caribbean in the IId world war. The cuban revolution. Federation of the West Indies. Black power. Economic crisis. Amerindians. Under-development. The legacy of the sea
Pradier, Léa. "Une approche éco-évolutive de la propagation de la résistance antibiotique : l'exemple de la résistance aux aminoglycosides." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG014.
Full textIn front of the antibiotic pressure, a wide range of resistance mechanisms exist. They represent an increasing public health issue, which does and will have major consequences on human mortality. Current strategies —mostly based on antibiotic consumption reductions— globally fail to contain this persistent issue. Moreover, even though it is undeniable that the extensive antibiotic use during the past decades has been a driver of antibiotic resistance evolution, its impact on the emergence and the propagation of antibiotic resistance is often overestimated compared to other factors. First, selection on antibiotic resistance cannot be restricted to the medical and veterinary uses of antibiotics. Second, the evolution (i.e. the emergence, maintenance and spread) of a trait in populations also relies on other evolutionary forces and ecological processes. Finally, the intertwining of these factors induces an intricate evolution of resistant phenotypes, relying on several scales ranging from genetic determinism to environmental dynamics. The aim of this thesis is therefore, through an eco-evolutionary approach, to improve the understanding of forces and mechanisms shaping directions and movements of antibiotic resistance genes. To do so, this thesis focuses on aminoglycoside resistance by modifying enzymes. The results of this work highlight the importance of ecological and genomic factors in the circulation of resistance genes, and thus conclude that integrative studies of resistance are thus required. To begin with, this thesis reveals that the distribution of aminoglycoside resistance is loosely linked to variation in aminoglycoside consumption across Europe, but strongly structured by globalization (trade, migration) and even more by ecological connectivity. Subsequent analysis underscores the underestimated role of non-pathogenic bacteria in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes at large phylogenetic scales. In the light of these results, this thesis opens up a course of reflection on the study and management of antibiotic resistance
Dobrilă, Constantin. "Entre Dracula et Ceauşescu : les représentations exogènes et endogènes de la tyrannie chez les Roumains, du milieu du XVIe à la fin du XXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17843.
Full textTremblay, Vincent. "L'image du pouvoir impérial dans la Chronographie de Théophane le Confesseur pendant le premier iconoclasme Byzantin (717-815)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/60.
Full textAbbas, Amina Aicha. "Effet de l’absence d’oxygène sur la capacité de sporulation et les propriétés des spores de Bacillus cereus." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0330/document.
Full textThe effect of temperature and nutrient composition of the medium on B. cereus spore properties (resistance and germination) has been extensively studied unlike to the effect of anaerobiosis. Nevertheless, B. cereus vegetative cells can be found in a large variety of natural environments with low oxygen level (intestine, soil, food processing line) where sporulation take place. Spores produced in these anaerobic environments could have particular properties. In this work, a panel of B. cereus strains belonging to phylogenetic groups II to VII was studied for their capacity to sporulate in anaerobiosis in an appropriate sporulation medium we developed (MODS). In anaerobiosis, sporulation ability was lower and more heterogeneous than in aerobiosis. The B. cereus AH187 strain produced the highest level of spores in anaerobiosis, it was therefore chosen to study spore properties. Spores produced in anaerobiosis were more resistant to wet heat from 90°C to 100 °C, 1M NaOH, 1M nitrous acid and pulsed light. No difference in resistance to 5 % hydrogen peroxide or 0.25 mM formaldehyde or UV-C was observed between these two conditions. In the presence of L-alanine, spores produced in anaerobiosis germinated more efficiently than spore produced in aerobiosis. No difference in germination was observed with inosine. No difference in the spores size produced in the two conditions was observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, spores obtained under anaerobic conditions had a damaged exosporium, or in some cases a completely detached exosporium, unlike spores produced under aerobic conditions. To understand differences in sporulation ability between both conditions, Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to study the expression the expression of sporulation initiation genes spo0A, spo0B, spo0F, kinA and kinB. The kinetics of gene expression spo0A, spo0B, spo0F and kinA had the same trend. They were characterized by a higher expression in anaerobiosis compared to aerobiosis at the beginning and the end of exponential growth phase. Furthermore, kinB gene expression was characterized by an increase in anaerobiosis compared to aerobiosis to achieve a peak between 4 (middle exponential phase) and 6 (early stationary phase) hours of growth. The spo0A, spo0B, spo0F, kinA and kinB genes are differentially expressed between aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. These data may help to understand the difference in B. cereus sporulation capacity between aerobic and anaerobic condition
Bernard, Rémi. "Résistance à la bacitracine chez Bacillus subtilis." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350345.
Full textLe groupe des Firmicutes, dont la bactérie modèle est Bacillus subtilis, est un groupe ubiquitaire producteur d'antibiotiques et contenant de nombreux organismes pathogènes. Les analyses effectuées au laboratoire ont permis d'identifier chez les Firmicutes des systèmes associant un phosphorelais et un transporteur ABC. Dans chacun des cas, les gènes codant les différents partenaires du système sont à proximité sur le chromosome et le phosphorelais régule l'expression des gènes codant le transporteur ABC. On trouve trois de ces systèmes chez B. subtilis nommés BceRSAB (anciennement YtsABCD), YvcPQRS et YxdJKLM. L'objectif de notre étude était de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces systèmes pouvaient être impliqués dans la résistance aux antibiotiques ciblant l'enveloppe bactérienne.
La bacitracine est un antibiotique qui se complexe à l'undécaprényl pyrophosphate (UPP) et inhibe la dernière étape de la biosynthèse du peptidoglycane : la régénération de l'undécaprényl phosphate (UP). Nos résultats indiquent que le système BceRSAB est le composant majeur de la résistance à la bacitracine chez B. subtilis. L'expression de l'opéron bceAB est activée, en présence de bacitracine, par le phosphorelais BceRS. Nous avons également identifié une protéine, nommée BcrC, qui participe à la résistance à la bacitracine chez B. subtilis. Nous avons démontré que cette dernière est une UPP phosphatase impliquée dans la régénération de l'UP et s'oppose ainsi à l'action de la bacitracine. L'expression du gène bcrC ne dépend pas du phosphorelais BceRS mais de trois facteurs sigma à fonction extracytoplasmique. En conclusion, B. subtilis possède deux types de systèmes de résistance à la bacitracine indépendants et complémentaires.
Nous avons par la suite analysé le mécanisme de régulation de l'induction du système BceRSAB par la bacitracine. Nos résultats sont surprenants et montrent clairement que le transporteur ABC BceAB participe à l'activation de l'expression de ses propres gènes de structure avec le phosphorelais BceRS. De plus, lorsque le pool cellulaire d'UPP diminue (lorsque la phosphatase BcrC est surproduite), et en présence de bacitracine, l'expression du gène bceA diminue également. Ceci montre que l'UPP participe, avec la bacitracine, au stimulus du système BceRSAB. Notre hypothèse de travail est que le transporteur ABC, prédit comme étant un exporteur, prend en charge le complexe UPP/bacitracine et agit comme une flippase pour créer une dissymétrie membranaire ressentie par le senseur BceS. Il n'est pas exclu, qu'en présence de bacitracine, le transporteur BceAB puisse interagir avec le senseur BceS pour permettre l'activation du système.
La majeure partie des bactéries du groupe des Firmicutes possède, d'une part, des protéines similaires à BcrC, et, d'autre part, des systèmes similaires au système BceRSAB. Toutes les protéines « BcrC-like » ont un motif caractéristique permettant de les classer dans la famille des phosphatases de type PAP2. Il est tentant de penser qu'elles sont toutes des UPP phosphatases assurant une des étapes clés de la synthèse du peptidoglycane.
Par ailleurs, les deux autres systèmes « Bce-like » de B. subtilis, YvcPQRS et YxdJKLM, sont également activés en présence d'antibiotiques ciblant l'enveloppe bactérienne et nous savons que le transporteur ABC YvcRS est aussi impliqué dans le mécanisme de régulation. Nous proposons donc que les systèmes « Bce-like » des Firmicutes sont tous des systèmes de détoxification dirigés contre des antibiotiques ciblant l'enveloppe bactérienne.
Lella, Virginie. "Biologie de la résistance au cancer mammaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210418.
Full textFontaine, Mathieu. "Michel Foucault, une pensée de la résistance." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH028/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Michel Foucault’s thought of resistance. There is a dual idea: on the one hand, to offer a critical and systematic study of the Foucaldian use of resistance, in order to shed light on the important analyses, theses and concepts of his work; on the other hand, to understand how Foucault renews the thought of resistance in his contemporary context, and in an explicit or implicit discussion with Marxism, Sartre, Deleuze or the Frankfurt School. The challenge is to show that it is in virtue of some thought on resistance, and on some visible but decisive aporias, such as a normless or subject-deprived resistance, that Foucault redirects his methodological eye towards an analysis of power, government and subjectivity. At least three specific resistances can thereby be distinguished: a literary resistance against the anthropological illusion, a collective resistance against political norms - sovereign, disciplinary, bio-political powers -, and finally an ethical and subjective resistance to what, in itself, accepts, desires and reestablishes ways to govern oneself. Besides, Foucault’s relationship to Nietzsche is subject to a specific attention: it is about showing how Foucault frees his genealogical work, whose inspiration is of resistance, from a Nietzschean philosophy focused on the will to power, that is to say the overtaking of resistances. In that, it is possible to show that the Foucaldian resistance, which is played at the crossroad of thought, freedom, and truth, constitutes a privileged way to philosophically answer to the critics of historicism, relativism, or nihilism addressed to Foucault
Nodichao, Léifi. "Biodiversité racinaire et résistance à la sécheresse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26252.pdf.
Full textKassis-Chikhani, Najiby. "Klebsielle Pneumoniae pathogène nosocomial, résistance et virulence." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831671.
Full textPodglajen, Isabelle. "La résistance de "Bactaroides fragilis" aux carbapènèmes." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114827.
Full textAttias, Nathalie. "Résistance au traitement par les antivitamines K." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P126.
Full textLapierre, Tristan Anne. "Adhésion, virulence et résistance chez Staphylococcus aureus." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10080.
Full textDaube, Hélène. "Résistance isolée à l'érythromycine chez les streptocoques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P117.
Full textCoquard, Philippe. "Résistance mécanique des plâtres secs et humides." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30082.
Full textRistanović, Milan. "La participation italienne à la résistance yougoslave." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010570.
Full textIn the introduction one speaks about the phenomenon of anti-fascism in the Italian armed forces in Yugoslavia during the second world war, about the voluntaries Italians in Yugoslavia, and about the roots of Italian resistance in abroad. The second part is consecrated to the capitulation of Italy and to the repercussions to the Italian armed forces situated in Balkans. During whole war the Adriatic was the most tangible and most brittle region of Europe. Many anxieties, fears and hopes of each one side involved in the war was bound for the Adriatic. The military situation in this region is explained in the third part of this work. The fourth part is consecrated to the Italian resistance in Montenegro, where, in the winter 1944 were founded the greats Italians unities militaries as divisions and brigades. In this part, in a whole chapter one speaks about the Italian division partisan "garibaldi", which play a great part in the Yugoslav resistance. In the fifth part one explains the resistance in Bosnia in the Perion winter-spring 1944,. .
Homobono, Nathalie. "Résistance aux pannes de grands réseaux d'interconnexion." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112070.
Full textThis thesis deals with the fault-tolerance of several interconnection networks, namely the Kautz and de Bruijn networks, and their generalizations. A network is usually modeled by a graph or a digraph in which the vertices represent the nodes in the network and the arcs or edges represent the communication links. The fault tolerance properties are associated to different notions of connectivity. Among some other nice properties the results show that these networks are optimal for these different notions. For example their connectivity’s are almost always equal to their minimum degrees. Therefore those networks should be the model of the future multi processor architectures
Desplat-Roger, Joana. "Le jazz comme résistance à la philosophie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100066.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes to consider the place of jazz in philosophy. Our reflection starts from the following observation: jazz, which appears to be a major aesthetic phenomenon of the 20th century, has nevertheless been “neglected” by contemporary philosophy. This disenchantment of philosophy with jazz can be measured on two levels: on the one hand, the scarcity of philosophical writings devoted to it, and on the other hand, the harsh treatment that has generally been reserved for it. How are we to understand this “philo-phonic” silence on jazz? Why have contemporary philosophers in the jazz century never really been interested in its aesthetic dimension? And why didn’t they pay more attention to its political claims – even though these were hotly debated in the 1960s and 1970s?This research does not seek to lay the conceptual groundwork for a philosophy of jazz, but rather to come to a philosophical understanding of the “missed rendezvous” between jazz and philosophy. For philosophy, through jazz, seems to have to confront what resists it; therefore it is philosophical failure as such that is called into question by the case of jazz
Peigne, Philippe. "Résistance aux chocs thermiques des céramiques thermomécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0079.
Full textIn order to developed ceramic as bruners and heat exchangers for French gas industry, we have undertaken an extensive study of the behaviour of the ceramics under thermal stresses. We first present a new theory of thermal shock : the load approach that is divided into two succeeding parts : - we first determine the temperature and stress distribution across the sample. - We introduce a defect in the sample, and study is behaviour submitter to the temperature and stress distribution calculated in part 1. In order to show experimental confirmation, a new high temperature thermal cycling equipment has been developed cup to 1250°C for the higher temperature and 700°C for the lower one). Thermal shock damages are detected using acoustic emission measurement. To very good correlation is found between experimental results on alumina and zirconia and a new theoretical approach of thermal shock
Lacourcière, Roxanne. "Dissidence : pour une nouvelle génération de résistance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25326.
Full textHéritier, Claire. "Résistance aux β-lactamines chez Acinetobacter baumannii." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066414.
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