Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résistance à la colonisation'
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Lara, Oruno Denis. "Caraïbes en construction : espace, colonisation, résistance." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE2011.
History of the Caribbean. Islands and continental space. Prehistory and protohistory. Conquest and breaks. Karib resistance. Robbery, slave trade and slave system. Destruction of the colonial system since 1791 (Santo Domingo). Abolition of slavery in the british and french colonies. Armed struggle in Cuba (1895-1898). Economics and dependance during the XXth century. Dictatures. Marcus Garvey's area. The Caribbean in the IId world war. The cuban revolution. Federation of the West Indies. Black power. Economic crisis. Amerindians. Under-development. The legacy of the sea
Jan, Alan. "Accélérer la restauration du microbiote intestinal pour renforcer la résistance à la colonisation contre les entérocoques résistants à la vancomycine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASB087.
The gastrointestinal tract is a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens or pathobionts, which benefit from dysbiosis to proliferate in fragilised patients. VRE originate from the gastrointestinal tract, where their proliferation precedes dissemination in the bloodstream, and may lead to systemic infection. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for resistance to intestinal colonisation by VRE is essential for infection control. Only few studies have identified commensal bacteria that enhance resistance to colonisation of the microbiota against VRE. I aimed to identify commensal bacteria, key in the barrier effect to accelerate gut microbiota recovery after antibiotic dysbiosis to enhance resistance to colonisation against VRE. I performed a longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota composition and VRE carriage levels during microbiota recovery in mice colonised with VRE after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. By combining biological data and mathematical modelling, I identified 15 molecular species (OTUs) that correlate negatively with VRE carriage. Six strains representative of these OTUs have been collected and used in mixture with a seventh strain (Mix7) in two different mice lines challenged with VRE. I found that Mix7 allows a reduction of VRE carriage and a better gut microbiota recovery. Differences in the effect of Mix7 between mice were observed with responder and non-responder mice. These differences were associated with variation in the composition during the recovery and of the initial microbiota, providing potential biomarkers to predict response to Mix7. Furthermore, the Bacteroidota strain is required for Mix7 effect in vivo in the presence of at least one of the 6 other strains. In a mice model of alternative stable state of dysbiosis, higher concentrations were observed in responder compared to non-responder and control mice for short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate) and for a number of metabolites including bile acids. None of the supernatant of the 7 strains, alone or in combination, inhibits VRE growth in vitro. Interestingly, 5 of the 7 strains are shared between human and mice and 2 have human functional equivalents. I showed that supplementation with a mixture of strains identified through mathematical modelling improves the barrier effect against VRE through mechanisms dependent of the recovery and initial composition of the microbiota. Ultimately, this work will allow to move towards a personalised medicine by targeting patients at risk and susceptible to respond to the supplementation with commensal anti-VRE strains, providing novel lived biotherapeutic products and biomarkers to predict response to treatment. The perspectives are 1/ to extend the effect to E. faecium for which I have adapted a colonisation model, 2/ to better understand the mechanism by implementing hypotheses thanks to metabolic modelling and using the culture medium that I have developed allowing the growth of 7 strains and the VRE, 3/ to explore the representation of the key species in the barrier effect in human microbiome database and 4/ to isolate human strains of these key species
Najmi, Sabah. "Stratégies de résistance à la colonisation du corps des femmes en Occident : le cas des musulmanes francophones en Ontario." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2127.
Ben, Lahcen Mohamed. "La résistance marocaine à la pénétration française dans le pays Zaian (1908-1921)." Montpellier 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON30026.
The study, treating the zaian resistance, consists of four parts: the first one deals with the relief, the economic life and the population in order to explain the zaian resistance capacity. It is divided in to three points : the interaction fo the general movement of the resistance and the zaian riposte; then, an analysis of the religious and national feeling. Finally, the invasion of khenifra which was due to the protectorate awareness that the plain couldn't be taken unless the mountain was conquered, the third part depicts el herri battle. The first chapter analyses the causes, the second describes the combat and the third one presents the consequences. The fourth part concerns the period extending from 1914 to 1924. First, from 1914 to 1918, france, at war against germany, had to cease the combat. But the zaian continued fighting in the form of guerilla wat. From 1918 to 1921, france, free from all constraint in europe conquered the zaian territory. Finally, the consequences of the "pacification" were harmful for the zaian. The submission plunged the latter in a period of economic and social crisis. Thus the zaian paid too much for their heroism. Conclusion: hatred gave place to a reciprocal esteem. In 1956 the abrogation 3of the protectorate treaty came to confirm the franco-moroccan friendship
Ferreira, Aurora da Fonseca. "La Kisama (en Angola) du XVIe au début du XXe siècle : autonomie, occupation et résistance." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0055.
Le, Thomas Isabelle. "Histoire naturelle de la colonisation nasopharyngée par Streptococcus pneumoniae chez l'enfant vivant en crèche fermée." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P205.
Gervais, Julie. "Identification et analyse fonctionnelle des effecteurs tardifs impliqués dans la colonisation systémique du colza par Leptosphaeria maculans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS346/document.
Leptosphaeria maculans is a pathogenic fungus, responsible for one of the main diseases of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), the stem canker disease. The infectious life cycle of L. maculans is especially complex. After the primary infection of leaves and cotyledons, the fungus develops a long endophytic stage in the stem. This infection stage, which is entirely asymptomatic, lasts several months before necrosis develops at the stem base, responsible of yield loss. At this stage, the oilseed rape may exhibit "adult resistance" limiting the onset and severity of symptoms. While the fungal genes expressed during the primary infection are extensively studied, very little knowledge was available concerning the systemic colonization. To explain the ability of the fungus to colonize the stem without inducing symptom, we have therefore hypothesized that L. maculans expressed effectors, i.e. small secreted proteins, interfering with the plant defense system.The objective of my thesis was to identify such effectors and to characterize them to better understand the systemic colonization of oilseed rape by L. maculans. One of the underlying challenges of this thesis was also to identify new resistances allowing the specific recognition of these effectors expressed during stem colonization, and which may explain, at least in part, the adult resistance observed in some varieties.Using a transcriptomic approach, I was able to identify 307 "late" effector candidates specifically expressed during stem colonization and 107 "early" effector candidates specifically expressed during cotyledon colonization. I confirmed that the genes encoding early effectors of L. maculans are specifically localized in gene-poor regions and rich in repeated elements of the fungal genome. Conversely, late candidate effectors are absent from these regions and are located in regions rich in genes of the genome. L. maculans effectors have thus a distinct genomic localization based on their expression profile.A detailed analysis of five of these late effectors showed their conservation in the natural populations of L. maculans and their involvement in the suppression of plant cell death. These results, associated with the analysis of their expression profile in stem samples from the fields during a growing season, allowed us to propose the following model: L. maculans would colonize systemically the oilseed rape stem by secreting effectors suppressing cell death and thus interfering with plant defenses. At the end of the growing season, the decreased expression of these effectors would allow the fungus to switch from a biotrophic to a necrotrophic lifestyle and to induce stem canker. This transition between the two ways of life would therefore be based on a balance between effectors suppressing and effectors inducing cell death.In order to identify new specific sources of resistance and / or to facilitate the identification of quantitative resistances in plant material, I created fungal strains over-expressing late effectors during cotyledon colonization. With these transformed strains I evaluated by cotyledonary test a large collection of oilseed rape genotypes to identify potential gene-for-gene. A variety with a hypersensitive response to a late effector was thus identified, the monogenic control of this response was validated and its genetic mapping carried out in two progenies. This approach therefore effectively enables the identification of new sources of resistance for effective control of L. maculans
Gruson, Didier. "Infections sévères en réanimation : de la colonisation à l'infection à bactéries potentiellement résistantes : exemple de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21098.
The severe infection is the greater reason of the admission into the intensive care unit. Because this challenge is continuous, we should learn to prevent, to understand and to manage it. Our clinical research concerns the prevention of he colonisation due to P. Aeruginosa, the development of a good pactice in antibiotic usage, the decrease of the emergence in antibiotic resistance and the appropriateness of the empiric treatment of the ventilator-associated pneumonia. We have analysed the colonisation by P. Aeruginosa in an intensive care unit, especially in the cases of imunosuppressed patients. After characterize the resistance to quinolones due to mutations in the DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV, we have evaluated the positif impact of an antibiotics cycling protocol on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and the resistance to βlactams. We have compared the phenotypes of resistance in a context of pneumonia due to P. Aeruginosa and we have evaluated the incidence of the phenotype defined by the overproduction of cephalosporinases
Lachat, Joy. "Identification des facteurs de résistance aux peptides antimicrobiens et de colonisation de l’insecte Riptortus pedestris chez la bactérie symbiotique Burkholderia insecticola." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS274.
The phytophagous insect Riptortus pedestris, belonging to the Heteroptera suborder, is a notorious crop pest in South-Eastern Asia which feeds preferentially on soybean plants. This bean bug is associated with a bacterial symbiont, a specific Burkholderia species named Burkholderia insecticola, located in the M4 region of the insect’s midgut. This M4 region is organized in crypts and constitutes the symbiotic organ where the symbiont proliferates extracellularly. This interaction promotes the growth and the development of the bean bug. Recently, it was demonstrated that Riptortus produces antimicrobial peptides in the midgut crypts called crypt-specific cysteine-rich peptides (CCR) for which the bacterial symbiont demonstrates a high resistance profile. It was proposed that host antimicrobial peptides, including the CCR peptides, contribute to the specific colonization of the symbiotic organ by B. insecticola. In this work, a Tn-seq approach was used to find bacterial fitness genes involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance and symbiosis. First, the robustness of the Tn-seq method was assessed by identifying the essential genome of B. insecticola. Second, the bacterial factors for antimicrobial peptide resistance were characterized, based on both a candidate-gene and the Tn-seq approach. Finally, a Tn-seq in vivo experiment was performed to reveal the infection bottleneck effect on the symbiotic population and to identify the bacterial symbiosis factors for the colonization of R. pedestris
Baucheron, Sylvie. "Le système d'efflux AcrAB-TolC chez Salmonella enterica : rôle dans la résistance multiple aux agents anitmicrobiens et dans la colonisation in vivo." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4039.
The recent emergence of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica non-typhi presents a therapeutic threat to human health. The two associated responsible mechanisms of this resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars were shown the modification of targets, DNA-gyrase and topoisomerase IV, and overproduction of the AcrAB-TolC efflux system. In the epidemic multidrug-resistant clone S. Typhimurium DT104, we showed that resistance to florfenicol and tetracyclines was mediated in a synergistic way by the florfenicol and tetracycline specific transporters FloR and Tet(G), respectively. In S. Typhimurium DT104 and DT204, TolC but not AcrB were shown to play an essential role in bile salts resistance and in colonisation of chicks. The in vitro use of an efflux pump inhibitor was shown to counter resistance to some antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones
Zavala, José Manuel. "L'envers de la frontière : dynamique des relations inter-ethniques et stratégies de résistance des Mapuche du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030049.
In the eighteenth century, despite attempts over one and a half centuries to dominate the mapuche indians, the spaniards were still unable to secure a presence south of the river biobio. This difficulty to control the mapuche was not due to geographical conditions or to rejection of contact, but rather it arose due to the specific nature of the relations between the two societies. The mapuche were very good at using the interrelations between the two communities as a means to resist and to counteract spanish presence. This case addresses the nature of the variety of relations between colonial and native societies and reveals the complexity of their history. It shows how indigenous communities form patterns of adaptation to the dominant society, and that these patterns can be understood only through detailed analysis of the mechanisms of the those contacts. Using historical, ethnographic and linguistic material, this work studies various aspects of hispano-mapuche interrelations in the eighteenth century. The methodology followed imposes an anthropological discipline onto historical questions. Historians of frontiers are inclined to see the question from the colonial point of view, whilst anthropologists, focusing on the present, tend to neglect the considerable effect the whites have had upon the evolution and adaptation of native societies. This study is an attempt to propose a broader interpretation of the mapuche society found in colonial chile
Lepelletier, Didier. "Rôle de l'antibiothérapie et des facteurs liés à l'hôte et à l'hospitalisation sur le risque de colonisation et d'infection par des bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques." Nantes, 2006. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=73871b95-bdbc-4921-80d5-d80b82d39f41.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major heath problem, especially in hospital-acquired infections. Many epidemiological data showed an association between antibiotic use and infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To assess the impact of antibiotic use and other factors, we performed two epidemiological studies on clinical Escherichia coli strains isolated from hospital patients. We showed a significant association between antibiotic use and immunosuppression and infection caused by resistant E. Coli. Previous use of β-lactamine was associated with amoxicillin- and third generation cephalosporin resistance, and previous use of fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole was associated with strains resistant to those antibiotics. In a second time, we performed a prospective study of the gut flora of 933 patients hospitalised in five different wards, including medicine and surgery wards and intensive-care units. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was isolated. 585 patients were colonised by an amoxicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, with third generation cephalosporin- and ofloxacin resistance rates of 9. 4% and 4. 8%, respectively. One hundred and ninety five patients were colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23% on admission). Antibiotic use was implicated in all observed resistances. Previous hospital stay and hospitalisation in specific wards were also associated with antibiotic resistance. Studies of intestinal microflora are difficult to perform but are useful in epidemic situations and in target resistance surveillance programs
Compant, Stéphane. "Interaction entre la vigne, Vitis vinifera L. , et une bactérie endophytique, Burkholderia phytofirmans souche PsJN : colonisation, induction de défenses et résistance systémique contre Botrytis cinerea." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000953.pdf.
The interaction between grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. , and an endophytic PGPR, Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN, has been studied in this work. This has allowed to characterize phenomenons of bacterial colonization, some plant defence responses as well as induced systemic resistance (ISR) confering protection against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers. Association between grapevine and strain PsJN has been studied, firstly, under gnotobotic conditions by using in vitro plantlets, PsJN wild-type strain or some genetically derivatives (PsJN::gfp2x and PsJN::gusA11). This has allowed to determine epi- and endophytic colonization of grapevine roots by strain PsJN as well as a migration of the bacterium from the endorhiza to the leaves, mediated by the plant transpiration stream via xylem vessels. Grapevine colonization by strain PsJN has been then monitored under non-sterile conditions by using fruiting cuttings, with a special emphasis on putative inflorescence colonization. Results have demonstrated an epi- and an endophytic colonization of the root system by strain PsJN and then, its spreading from the endorhiza to grape inflorescence stalk and to young berries, even in presence of other microorganisms. Plant defence compounds as well as a ISR induced by strain PsJN has been then determined on fruiting cuttings. This has been characterized before its systemic spreading inside plants and with some more sterile conditions. Some early events such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide accumulations as well as phenolic compound synthesis have been characterized at the root level. In addition, preliminary results have demonstrated that strain PsJN induces locally and systemically some PR-encoding genes, dependent of salicylate and/or jasmonate signaling pathways. This has allowed to suggest that this bacterium induces common mechanisms of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and of ISR phenomenons. These phenomenons allow then a protection of grapevine flowers against infection caused by B. Cinerea Pers
Budin, Jacques. "Colonisation, acculturation et résistances : la région de Bône (Annaba, Algérie) de 1832 à 1914." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0546/document.
This study presents the history of rural Algerians of the Bône/Annaba region, in North-East Algeria, from 1832, date of the French occupation of Annaba, to the eve of the First World War. During those years, this region had known a remarkable colonial growth. The local tribes’ opposition to French occupation had often been fierce and the total possession of the territory only happened after about fifteen years. The resistance to the colonial system in the ensuing period was scattered and often disorderly but never ceased. Two armed insurrections broke out in 1852 and 1871. However, at the same time, native chiefs and members of auxiliary forces to the French army collaborated actively with French authorities. The politique indigène of the military Bureaus of Arab Affairs, paternalistic and authoritarian, but in some ways protective, was abandoned in 1870, during the transition to civil administration. This civil administration subsequently lost almost all interest in the fate of the Algerians. The spread of colonization shattered and disintegrated rural society. The tribal organization was de-structured by the new governance introduced by the creation of douars-communes, by the loss of credibility of the native chiefs and by the introduction of individual property. Land dispossession and the drastic limitation of pasture rights in the forests reduced the agricultural potential, premise of a long-term upheaval of the agrarian economy. At the eve of the First World War, a small minority of Algerians of the Bône region had entered modernity. Overall, the rural society reacted to difficulties by adopting an inward-looking attitude and by taking refuge in the “tradition”
Angebault, Cécile. "Dynamique de la colonisation et émergence de microorganismes résistants au sein des flores commensales d'une population amérindienne vivant isolée en Guyane Française." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077162.
The thesis focuses on the dynamics of colonization of specific microorganisms and the emergence of resistance using the data of a project conducted over 4 years in an Amerindian tribe of Guiana. First, we focused on the dynamics of intestinal yeast colonization. We observed an unexpected colonization pattern with a high carriage prevalence. Most carriers were colonized with environmental yeasts whereas Candida albicans was rare. Our results may question the position of C. Albicans as a "normal" human commensal. A 2nd work focused on the intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum p-lactamase - producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E). The study evidenced an 8% ESBL-E carriage rate vs. 3% in 2000. This increase was concomitant with a 3-fold increase in the p-lactam consumption and highlighted how the community ESBL-E carriage is associated with antibiotic consumption. Third, we studied thé dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Overall carriage prevalence was high while persistent carriage prevalence was moderate. No epidemiological factors were associated with carriage but 3 genetic traits were associated. This suggests that host genetic might be determinant for S. Aureus nasal persistent carriage status. Last, we investigated the dynamics of nasal colonization with methicillin- resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). A high diversity of ccr and mec gene complex associations was observed. 25% of carriers were persistent carriers. No epidemiological factor was associated with persistent carriage. Our results might reflect the important role of the SCN-MR reservoir in the occurrence of SCCmec rearrangement
Lacroix, Fabrice. "Résistance de Salmonella Typhimurium aux détergents biologiques et chimiques : effet sur la colonisation intestinale et mise en évidence d'un gène de type acrB/F de Escherichia coli." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10610.
Vallance, Jessica. "Lutte biologique par utilisation de l’oomycète Pythium oligandrum : colonisation de la rhizosphère et influence sur la dynamique des populations microbiennes." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2030.
Biocontrol efficacy is mainly limited by the variability of the rhizosphere competence of the inoculated microorganisms. This doctoral thesis focused on Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete acknowledged as an antagonistic organism able to protect plants from pathogenic attacks. The aim of this work was to study the colonisation and the persistence of P. Oligandrum after its introduction in the root system of tomato plants grown in soilless culture; and to assess its impact on microbial communities colonizing the rhizosphere and the greenhouse effluents. Three strains of P. Oligandrum were selected on the basis of their ability to produce oospores (resting structures) and production of tryptamine (an auxin like compound) and of oligandrin (a glycoprotein elicitor). Real-time PCR and plate counting demonstrated the persistence of large amounts of the antagonistic oomycete in the rhizosphere throughout the cropping season (April to September). Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis showed that, among the three strains inoculated, the one producing the lowest amount of oospores was detected at 90%. Despite its abundance on roots, no traces of P. Oligandrum were detected in the different effluents of the soilless greenhouse. P. Clissotocum (ubiquitous tomato root minor pathogen) colonized the rhizosphere and the effluents only in summer. There was a reduction of P. Dissotocum populations in inoculated root systems. Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed that the genetic structure of microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) colonizing the rhizosphere and the effluents, evolved throughout the cropping season. This temporal evolution was independent from the inoculation and the persistence of the antagonist P. Oligandrum. Effluents were also colonized by Archaeabacteria but roots, only during the last two months of culture. These populations grew independently from P. Oligandrum. Results previously described, rely on DNA extraction and amplification. This strategy suffers from the inability to investigate active microbial communities. DNA and RNA data obtained by SSCP analysis of three different genetic regions (ITS1, rRNA 28S, mitochondrial RNA large subunit) highlighted the interest of using different primers for having an exhaustive view of the fungal microflora
Garrault, Antoine. "La «résistance populaire» palestinienne face à l’occupation israélienne dans le contexte de l’après seconde Intifada en Cisjordanie (2005-2016). Territorialités et mobilisations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0096.
The main goal of this research is to explain and understand the existing relationships between the territorialities in competition in the West Bank and the mobilizations of groups and individual activists involved in popular resistance against the territorial occupation between 2005 and 2016. The territorialities analysed in this work are threefold: those of the agents of the Israeli occupation; those of the Palestinian activists examined and defined in this thesis under our proposed term “PR” (Popular Resistance); and the territorialities of the various existing political and social entities in this conflict.To pursue this goal, we adopt an interactionist approach well-suited to the study of power relations, contentious politics and social movements. We choose to focus in particular on describing the situation of settler colonization and on the interpretation of the socio-political configuration in the West Bank (based on Norbert Elias’ theories), as these are central in order to analyze the conflictual interactions that motivate our interviewees to take part in the mobilization. In general, and as concerns our subject of study, the notion of territoriality appears to offer a heuristic approach to address our topic. It also enables us to explain and understand the mobilizations of our PR actors on the basis of a contextualized study of multiple political processes
Le, Guyader Morgane. "« God Bless San Andres » : Esclavage, double colonisation et ethnicité post-émancipation dans la Caraïbe « colombienne »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Antilles, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ANTI0767.
From the end of the 18th century, a small cotton plantation society was established on the archipelago of San Andres and Old Providence, located at the intersection of the Nicaraguan Coast, southern Jamaica and northern Colombia. Between 1834 and 1851, this settlement was dismantled during the process of emancipation under the authority of the Baptist minister Philip Beekman Livingston, descendant of the main Scottish slave trader of both islands and from a family of slavers settled on Old Providence Island and Jamaica. From his missionary project, similar to the Jamaican Baptist concept of Free Village, was born a « post-emancipation » Afro-Anglo-Creole society based on an egalitarian ideology, whose deployment accelerated at the end of the 19th century. If the ruthless rivalry between colonial empires led the majority of Caribbean territories to be successively and/or simultaneously colonized by the British and the Spanish (among others), this archipelago was confronted, from the beginning of the 20th century, with the extension of the colonial paradigm, this time incarnated by Colombia. The Colombian central government then initiated a policy of acculturation by assimilation with this island community considered too « Afro », too « West Indian » and too « Protestant » for the national identity that the political elites were then trying to assert. Locally known as « Colombianization », this assimilationist policy remains today synonymous with the most explicit community trauma. On the island of San Andres, starting in the 1950s, profound demographic, economic, territorial, and socio-cultural upheavals were the harbingers of a point of no return. Representing only 30% of the island population of San Andres, the minorization of the Afro-Anglo-Creole community became, from the second half of the 20th century, the most contemporary expression of the phenomenon of double colonization inherent to the historical and political condition of the archipelago. This phenomenon of « dispossession » represents one of the major factors of the contemporary identity process of the heirs of the Livingstonian society, institutionnaly inaugurated in the 1990s by the community claim of an ethnic and indigenous category : the Raizal category. Beyond the inter-ethnic and genealogical approaches to the emergence of the Raizal category, the thesis aims to understand the ontological stakes of this post-slavery and postcolonial identity process. It questions its « root » character, built on the memory of the emancipation process intrinsically linked to the community memory of the land, and whose genesis is narrated by the paradoxical figure of Pastor Beekman Livingston, erected as the founding myth of the community. Despite the apparent insignificance often attributed to it, in what ways is Raizality a prominent manifestation of the modern narrative of a resistance to exist ? To what extent does Raizality constitute a singular response to the violent experience of dispossession ? Why does it go far beyond the borders of this unjustly erased archipelago on the regional and global map of counter-hegemonic struggles for existence ?
Desde finales del siglo XVIII, se estableció una pequeña sociedad de plantación de algodón en el archipiélago de San Andrés y Old Providence, situado en la intersección de la costa nicaragüense, el sur de Jamaica y el norte de Colombia. Entre 1834 y 1851, esta última fue desmantelada durante el proceso de emancipación bajo la autoridad del pastor bautista Philip Beekman Livingston, descendiente del principal comerciante de esclavos escocés de estas islas y de una familia de esclavistas asentada en la isla de Old Providence y en Jamaica. Su proyecto misionero, similar al concepto bautista jamaicano del Free Village, dio lugar a una sociedad insular afro-inglesa-kriol "post-emancipación" basada en una ideología igualitaria, que se aceleró a finales del siglo XIX. Mientras que la despiadada rivalidad entre los imperios coloniales hizo que la mayoría de los territorios del Caribe fueran colonizados sucesiva y/o simultáneamente por británicos y españoles (entre otros), este archipiélago se enfrentó, desde principios del siglo XX, a la extensión del paradigma colonial, esta vez encarnado por Colombia. El gobierno central colombiano inició entonces una política de aculturación a través de la asimilación de esta comunidad insular, considerada demasiado "afro", demasiado "antillana" y demasiado "protestante" para la identidad nacional que las élites políticas pretendían afirmar. Conocida localmente como "colombianización", esta política de asimilación sigue siendo hoy en día sinónimo del trauma comunitario más explícito. En la isla de San Andrés, a partir de los años 50, los profundos cambios demográficos, económicos, territoriales y socioculturales anunciaron un punto de no retorno. Con sólo el 30% de la población de la isla, la minorización de la comunidad afro-anglo-kriol se convirtió, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en la expresión más contemporánea del fenómeno de la doble colonización inherente a la condición histórica y política del archipiélago. Este fenómeno de "desposesión" representa uno de los principales factores del proceso identitario contemporáneo de los herederos de la sociedad livingstoniana, inaugurado institucionalmente en los años 90 por la reivindicación comunitaria de una categoría étnica e indígena: la categoría raizal. Más allá de las aproximaciones interétnicas y genealógicas a la emergencia de la categoría raizal, la tesis pretende comprender las apuestas ontológicas de este proceso identitario post-esclavista y post-colonial. Cuestiona su carácter de "raíz", construido sobre la memoria del proceso de emancipación intrínsecamente ligado a la memoria comunitaria de la tierra, y cuya génesis es narrada por la figura profundamente paradójica del pastor Beekman Livingston, erigido en mito fundacional de la comunidad.A pesar de la aparente insignificancia que a menudo se le atribuye, ¿de qué manera la raizalidad es la manifestación prominente de la narrativa moderna de una necesidad vital y resistente de existir ? ¿En qué medida la raizalidad constituye una respuesta singular a la experiencia violenta del despojo? ¿Por qué va más allá de las fronteras de este archipiélago injustamente borrado en el mapa regional y mundial de las luchas contrahegemónicas por la existencia?
Kambou-Ferrand, Jeanne-Marie. "L'installation des français dans les pays voltaïque (Burkina Faso) : conquête et résistances des populations." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010527.
Guimendego, Maurice. "Les populations du Centre-Est de l'Oubangui-Chari (actuelle Centrafrique) face à l'implantation coloniale française 1900-1945 : contribution à l'étude des résistances anticoloniales." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0061.
Couderc, Clotilde. "Impact des antibiotiques sur l’histoire naturelle de la colonisation nasale par Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066585.
The objective was to study the natural history of nasal S. aureus colonization, particularly the impact of antibiotics on methicillin-resistant (MRSA) or methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) S. aureus acquisition and persistence. This work was based on data provided by a prospective multicenter cohort including patients hospitalized in long-term-care facilities and not colonized with S. aureus at admission. 1) Risk factors for MRSA or MSSA acquisition were investigated using a nested case-case-control analysis. Fluoroquinolone use, male sex and more intensive care at admission were significantly associated with MRSA acquisition. Body-washing assistance and use of a urination device were significantly associated with MSSA acquisition. 2) Factors influencing the time to loss of colonization were investigated using shared-frailty Cox models. Fluoroquinolone use and the presence of a wound positive for a non-nasal strain were significantly associated with MSSA decolonization. The methicillin resistance phenotype was not associated with S. aureus colonization duration, and estimated median time to MRSA or MSSA decolonization was 3 or 2 weeks respectively. This work provides new insights into the natural history of nasal S. aureus colonization discriminating factors for the methicillin-resistant or -sensitive phenotypes of the bacteria. These results strongly suggest a distinct impact of fluoroquinolones on MRSA or MSSA acquisition and persistence
Picard, Marion. "Étude de l'implication d’une voie MyD88/IL-22 dans le contrôle de la colonisation par la bactérie segmentée filamenteuse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB107/document.
The mammalian intestine is heavily colonized by a huge microbial community. During a long coevolution process, the host has evolved mutualistic relationships with its microbiota. Thes relationships, mainly based on metabolstic advantages, also allow the full maturation of the host immune system, which development is initiated in utero by a genetic program. In mice, only SFB has been yet described to display strong immunostimulant properties allowing the coordination of a large panel of immune responses, more specifically IgA and Th17 responses, which preferential induction sites might be the Peyer's patches. The first part of my thesis contributed to complete a work dedicated to the characterization of the IgA et Th17 responses induced by SFB. We have underscored SFB capacity to stimulate the post-natal maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and also tertiary lymphoid tissues that would substitute to Peyer's patches as inductors sites of both IgA and Th17 responses induced by SFB. However, this microbiote also constitutes a potential antigenic threat for the host integrity. Notably, the SFB could provoke chronic deleterious inflammation in peripheric compartment in genetically predisposed individuals. It suggests the establishment of highly regulated mechanisms regulating SFB colonization, to avoid compromising events for the host homeostasis. In a second part of my thesis, with the help of immunodeficient axenic mice, we have shown a role of TLR signaling pathways in the control of SFB colonization. However, antimicrobial peptides, IgA, IL-17 or IL-22 seem to be involved int eh control of SFB colonization
Brand, Magdalena. ""Boxer Bangui" : les femmes libres aux frontières des politiques sexuelles de l'expatriation française en Centrafrique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080102/document.
During my fieldwork, I lived in the LATIN QUARTERS in Bangui (Central African Republic), named SOWETO, where women are head of household. Other people call them « FREE WOMEN, BECAUSE THEY USE THEIR FREEDOM SO MUCH, IT BECOMES PEJORATIVE ». To earn their living, they work every night in the recreational areas of French expatriates, bars, restaurants and downtown nightclubs, as domestic workers, waitresses, prostitutes and cooks. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze power relations that structure sexual-economic exchanges between French expatriate men and Central-African women in Bangui. The research will lead to analyze sexual and domestic work of Central-African women as the heart of the construction of the French expatriate community, and of the existence of a class of women who, between constraints and search for autonomy, negotiate the value of their lives in the city.« If people say that you are a whore, you hear them but you shut your ears, because inside you, you know why you do it: for the future. It’s a job. You do it for what you have decided to be in your heart »
Engambé, André. "Les méthodes coloniales et leurs impacts en Afrique Équatoriale française jusqu’en 1958 : cas du Moyen-Congo." Paris 10, 2011. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343072487.
After the slave draft (wilking) which skimmed during centuries Africa, its inside remained still totally unknown. If up to there only coast was visited, the continent kept numerous mysteries. In the second half of the XIXe century, explorers unfurl, moved by the desire of discovery. French side, Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza (two journeys) arrives to the Gabon, creates Franceville, before withle (going down) Alima and sign with Mbé, in 1880, an agreement of transfer with king Makoko. However, as a result of the rivalries which still set the western powers on the ground, the German chancellor Bismarck summons (convenes) an international conference in Berlin in 1884-1885. Of this one, ensues the "balkanization" of the continent so giving birth to the complexes of territories. In 1910, French Equatorial Africa (A. E. F. ) and the Middle-Congo are created. The concessionary companies, which are there since 1899, plunder systematically natural resources. The tax collection says “about capitation”, the hard labour, the portage, the diverse services (performances) are so many methods to which are subjected the “natives”. Everywhere, abuses and exactions came up to the strangers of the populations. The justice, become bicephale, condemns the Natives (autochtons) for a right very different from theirs. The Native population was born. To the political plan (shot), not only parties are born, but they are it just like those of the metropolis. The contrary leaders, as Matsoua, are judged and led (driven) in prison. Simon Kimbangou, then liking of the "black divine word", pay of his life in 1921. The French politics (policy) is then to the antipodes of the motivations of the asserted colonial ideology. Where from, a wild resistance. In fine, the impacts which ensue from it can be only fatal: sufferings, death, impoverishment, poverty, depopulation. . . Even if later, on November 28st, 1958, thanks to De Gaulle, the Middle-Congo becomes
Bury-Moné, Stéphanie. "Mécanismes d'adaptation de Helicobacter pylori à l'acidité gastrique." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077019.
Dupont, Chloé. "Achromobacter & Pandoraea : diversité et évolution adaptative de populations persistantes au cours de la mucoviscidose et dans l'environnement." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT105/document.
Bacterial persistence involves adaptation to environmental conditions and constraints, sometimes associated with genotype and phenotype diversification of bacterial populations. In the context of chronic infections, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a human disease among the most studied in terms of persistence and adaptation of opportunistic pathogens. Some environmental opportunistic pathogens like Achromobacter and Pandoraea genera are considered as emerging in CF and are able to chronically colonize CF Respiratory Tract (CFRT). Adaptation mechanisms required for colonization and persistence were studied for P. aeruginosa but remain largely unknown for emerging bacteria. We studied Achromobacter spp. persistence in the CFRT of 13 patients and in a dental care unit water network, and Pandoraea pulmonicola persistence in the CFRT of one patient, during colonization periods up to 7 years. In parallel, we studied Achromobacter population genomic and phenotypic diversity in sputum samples from 9 patients. Finally, we made an environmental investigation to study the diversity and the ecology of Achromobacter spp. in household of 3 Achromobacter chronically colonized CF patients. During these studies, Achromobacter and Pandoraea species were identified by molecular methods and genome dynamic and phenotypic diversity were studied.Diversity of Achromobacter species colonizing the CFRT is described and included an undescribed species. Chronically colonized patients had a unique Achromobacter or Pandoraea clone in their CFRT, supporting the initial acquisition of one environmental clone which persists over time. A large genomic and phenotypic diversity has been observed over time and also at the intra-specimen level. A wide antibiotic susceptibility profile diversity was observed within samples and its clinical impact remains to be assessed. Finally, Achromobacter species diversity was observed in patient domestic environment but the Achromobacter clone adapted to the patient CFRT was not isolated. These results suggested that after initial colonization and specialisation the CFRT, colonizing clones might secondarily be unable to survive in the environment.A colonizing clone quickly adapts to the specific local conditions of the CFRT and undergoes intense genomic and phenotypic diversification with genotype specialization to the different ecological niches of the heterogeneous CFRT, resulting in a diversified clonal population. This diversity certainly insures the population persistence according to the “bet hedging” theory stating that regardless of the environmental pressures, a bacteria or a subgroup of bacteria will be able to persist.Key words : Achromobacter, adaptation, antibiotic susceptibility, chronic colonization, Cystic Fibrosis, diversity, ecology, environment, epidemiology, evolution, genomic, Pandoraea, persistence, phenotype, water network
Le, Guern Rémi. "Colonisation digestive par entérobactéries productrices de carbapénémase dans un modèle murin : aggravation de la pneumopathie à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S033.
Antibiotics disrupt the gut microbiota, and are considered a risk factor of colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In a murine model, we studied the impact of digestive colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) on the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Mice colonized by CPE presented a more severe pneumonia (clinical score and alveolocapillary permeability) and a higher mortality compared to controls or mice that received only clindamycin. Fecal microbiota transplant was associated with better outcomes. After infection by P. aeruginosa, lung dendritic cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were decreased in mice colonized by CPE. Gut microbiota was specifically altered in mice colonized by CPE: Muribaculaceae relative abundance was greatly reduced, associated with an expansion of the Hungatella genus. Tryptophan metabolites were modified by CPE colonization. Asymptomatic digestive colonization with CPE had a detrimental effect on the host response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia
Cordonnier, Thomas. "Perturbations, diversité et permanence des structures dans les écosystèmes forestiers." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000909.
Chachaty, Elisabeth. "Evaluation de l'impact des antibiotiques sur la flore intestinale des sujets sainsnotamment sur la colonisation par "Clostridium difficile" ou par des entérobactéries résistantes : comparaison de méthodes de typage des souches de "C difficile"." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114842.
Le, Gac Julie. "Splendeurs et misères du Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Italie : (novembre 1942 - juillet 1944)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0061.
By fighting under the tricolour flag for the first time on European soil since the defeat of 1940 the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC) made an important symbolic gesture towards national recovery. The symbolism of this historical moment should not, however, obscure the difficulties behind it. This thesis presents a wide-ranging study of the FEC from the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942 to the FEC’s withdrawal from Italy in July 1944. It not only examines military operations but also highlights the political and diplomatic difficulties faced during the FEC’s creation: the lukewarm public response to the levée en masse in French North Africa, the problematic amalgamation of Vichy’s Army of Africa with the Free French Forces and the uneasy relationship between French and Allied leaders, French diplomacy impeded by dependence on U.S. arms. French participation in the Italian campaign is also examined in the light of Allied debates on military strategy in the Mediterranean Theatre. Though a peripheral war zone, the Italian peninsula was the scene of a gruelling struggle. This thesis offers a detailed analysis of the combat experience: the violence of the war of attrition in the winter of 1943-44, the suffering of the combatants and the physical and psychiatric casualties. It also examines questions relating to soldiers’ leisure, discipline and colonial relations within the army. It then evaluates the role of the FEC in the liberation of Rome in June 1944, a victory tarnished by incidents of rape and looting. Ultimately, while the FEC marks a decisive step in the reconstruction of the French Army, it also reveals a growing rift between France and its Empire
Urli, Morgane. "Réponse des rabres forestiers aux changements globaux : approches biogéographique et écophysiologique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821979.
Ratet, Gwenn. "Contributions à l’étude de l’échappement des leptospires au système immunitaire : mise en évidence chez la souris de la colonisation rénale chronique à l’aide de leptospires bioluminescents, et rôle de la lipoprotéine LipL21 dans l’échappement du peptidoglycane à la reconnaissance par les récepteurs Nods." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T012.
Hamdi, Ghazi. "Les lieux de sociabilité dans la ville de Tunis à l'époque coloniale : ville européenne et cosmopolitisme 1881-1938." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30096.
This thesis speaks about the sociability in the town of Tunis in the colonial era.This town that lived a double urban life; Arabian and European at the same time. This phenomenon is the main point in this thesis, not only as concerns the place of life but also society values and cultural characteristics.The places of interest in our research are urban and public constituents that are formal and informal: roads, Cafés, Theatres....where we tested the degree of sociability. Each space is characterised by a pacific urban feature that takes many forms of occupations reflecting conflict of harmony, and multiple manners of police control.In the colonial society, we find different modes of integration that idealize the local society or refuse it aiming at sitting the project of a future society considered better for members. We deduce a conflict between three communities: a first one that is the French nation that tries to keep an upper hand on Tunisia, a second one which consists of the Italians who dream of building their ancient Roman Empire, a third one that includes Tunisians who want to regain power over their country and to get independence. This context led to the emergence of a national personality. In fact the main characteristic of the social life in Tunis in the colonial era is a conflict of powers
Bellahsene, Tarik Pinon Pierre. "La colonisation en Algérie." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/BellahseneThese1.pdf.
Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Le complément de titre connaît plusieurs variantes. Le complément de titre retenu est celui de la thèse imprimée et non celui indiqué sur l'écran-titre : "les cas des centres en Kabylie du Djurdjura, 1857-1899, une illustration de la plaine vers la montagne". Bibliogr. [20] p. en fin du tome I. Notes bibliogr. Lexique.
Déry, Steve. "La colonisation agricole au Vietnam." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/NQ48535.pdf.
Inglis, Timothy J. J. "Colonisation of the ventilated airway." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259486.
Poncelet, Marc. "Sciences sociales, colonisation et développement : une histoire sociale du siècle d'africanisme belge." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL12005.
The belgian development studies are rightful heir to colonial social sciences. This scientific institution is born and grow up with the lonely colony : the belgian congo. Capitalist in the higher sense of the word, congo has been immediately perceived under development scheme. Throughout this concept was built scholar institutions specially dedicated to aversea and the african scientific patrimony. An outlook of the knowledge, of his legitimacy process, of this perilous redeployment need a sociological explanation of established and socialized proceedings and dealings of production of congolese science in the mother country following the greatest kinds of instituted knowledge, ideologies and scholar institutions
Richards, Luke. "Pneumococcal colonisation models of the nasopharynx : the role of virulence factors and host immunity during colonisation." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9411.
Picard, Aleth. "Villes et colonisation : Algérie : 1830-1870." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120062.
French colonisation in algeria at the begining of the ninetheenth century resulted, as far as national developpement is concerned, in convention works of existing towns and in the creation of settlements and agricultural villages. The towns network, set up by the military engineerin (service responsable for all the civil and military works) consists in an about twenty towns corpus. This work presents a project's analysis year after year based on vincennes military engineering archives. Plans and apostils reading of military engineers provides information on this body's working methods as well as on the urban design ine the ninetheenth century and on colonial matter. Although they are quite different, these projects announce already haussmann's works in paris and in the main french towns as welle as the operations made much later on french protectorates and colonies at the begining of twentieth century
Wong, En En Hazel. "Host epithelial responses to Neisserial colonisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6045.
Saïdi, Hédi. "Société, économie et colonisation d'une région en Tunisie pendant la colonisation française : Dar Elbey de 1880 à 1919." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA08A003.
Sanford, Jane. "Shipping sheep : a zooarchaeology of Greek colonisation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244937.
Akers, D. E. "Colonisation of sugar beet by Myzus persicae." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235344.
Twomey, Anne Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The de-colonisation of the Australian states." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35217.
Demay, Aline. "Tourisme et colonisation en Indochine (1898-1939)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10096.
How did tourism develop in a rapidly expanding colonial territory? How were tourism and colonization combined? What links were established between these two processes? These are the questions that this thesis addresses by demonstrating the exploitation of tourism by colonial policies. This thesis is divided into seven chapters dealing successively with the transfer of European tourism practices to Indochina, their location, their integration into the politics of territorial development in the 1920s, the spatial consequences of their implementation (construction of roads and hotel accommodation), and the attempts of the State to promote Indochina as a touristic destination for both Indochinese and foreign tourists alike.
Dawson, Helen Sarah. "Island colonisation and abandonment in Mediterranean prehistory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383657/.
Cohen, J. M. "Colonisation-induced protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1124359/.
Phan, Hien Diem. "La colonisation française, et le droit vietnamien." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0915.
French law infiltrated Vietnam almost as quickly as French language did. Since the eclosion of its first written law, the study of the Vietnamese law can’t be separated from the study of its origins and of the new western values that can be detected in it. During the colonial period, several codes - such as the civil code, the commercial law and civil law procedure, the criminal law procedure and the penal code - have been promulgated in the three Vietnamese “countries” (Cochinchina, Annam and Tonkin). All these texts were heavily inspired by French law. The 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam have recognised the fundamental national rights - independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity - of Vietnamese people. Since then, with regard to legislations and jurisdictions, the new Vietnamese codes belonged even more clearly to the codes with a western - but non English - influence, not to say with a French influence. Following this evolution, after having described the Vietnamese legislative institutions during French colonisation, it should, then, be appropriate to present the successive versions of the Vietnamese law and also the contemporary evolution and development plans of the legislative system until 2010
Matos, Fábio Emanuel Lopes de. "Colonisation of artificial substrates in chemosynthetic ecosystems." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/903.
A região do Golfo de Cádiz é caracterizada pela presença de vários vulcões de lama com diversas características geológicas. Estas estruturas têm sido alvo de investigação nos últimos anos nas áreas de geologia e ecologia. O presente trabalho visa o estudo dos processos de colonização em quatro desses vulcões recorrendo ao uso de dispositivos de colonização (CHEMECOLI) preenchidos com substratos orgânicos (madeira e alfalfa) e inorgânicos (carbonatos). Conjuntos de três CHEMECOLI, cada um com um tipo de substrato, foram depositados ao longo de um gradiente de profundidade: Mercator (354m), Meknès (698m), Darwin (1100m) e Carlos Ribeiro (2197m). No Mercator, três sets foram colocados com o objectivo de estudar a sucessão ecológica da comunidade de macrofauna. Dois desses conjuntos já foram recolhidos e analisados assim como cada um dos sets colocados no Meknès e no Darwin. O tempo de imersão variou entre 10 meses e dois anos. A biodiversidade de metazoários recrutados foi estudada com particular interesse pelas espécies de bivalves e poliquetas quimiotróficas. Em todos os dispositivos de colonização houve recrutamento independentemente da duração da experiência. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as comunidades dos diferentes substratos. Os substratos orgânicos foram mais densamente colonizados que os carbonatos. Na alfalfa os grupos de invertebrados mais abundantes foram os anfípodes e os poliquetas enquanto as amostras de madeira foram densamente colonizada por bivalves perfuradores de madeira. Espécies quimiotróficas, na sua maioria bivalves das famílias Solemyidae e Mytilidae, foram recrutadas com sucesso quase exclusivamente nos substratos orgânicos. O recrutamento de espécies características do ambiente circundante foi reduzido. ABSTRACT: The Gulf of Cadiz encompasses around forty mud volcanoes, with diverse geological settings, which have been the focus of geological and ecological surveys in the last years. The present study includes a combination of site surveys and replicate colonization experiments (CHEMECOLI) using organic (wood and alfalfa grass) and inorganic (carbonate) substrata in some of this chemosynthetic ecosystems. Sets of CHEMECOLI, each with one of the three substrates, were deployed in four mud volcanoes along a depth gradient: Mercator (354m), Meknès (698m), Darwin (1100m) and Carlos Ribeiro (2197m). In Mercator three sets were deployed in order to illustrate temporal variations of the assemblages. Two sets from Mercator and the ones from Meknès and Darwin were already recovered and analysed. The immersion times range from 10 months to two years. The biodiversity of the recruited metazoan, with particular attention to bivalve and polychaetes symbiotic species, are being analysed. The recruitment of metazoans was successfully recorded in all the CHEMECOLI independently of the duration of the experiments. Significant differences were observed between the substrate. The organic substrates were more densely colonised than the carbonates. In alfalfa grass, the amphipods and polychaetes are the most abundant groups while the wood experiments are densely colonised by wood-boring bivalves. Chemotrophic species, mostly Solemyid and Mytilid bivalves, were recovered mainly in organic substrates and the recruitment of background taxa was generally low.