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Academic literature on the topic 'Résistance à la chaleur – Régions tropicales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Résistance à la chaleur – Régions tropicales"
RENAUDEAU, D., N. MANDONNET, M. TIXIER-BOICHARD, J. NOBLET, and J. P. BIDANEL. "Atténuer les effets de la chaleur sur les performances des porcs : la voie génétique." INRAE Productions Animales 17, no. 2 (March 20, 2004): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.1.3556.
Full textDE BASILIO, V., and M. PICARD. "La capacité de survie des poulets à un coup de chaleur est augmentée par une exposition précoce à une température élevée." INRAE Productions Animales 15, no. 4 (September 15, 2002): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2002.15.4.3705.
Full textElian, Hubert DieuBéni, Fotso, Astrid Carole Djeuani, Djasbé Mathurin Djamndo, and Ndoumou Denis Omokolo. "Evaluation des activités polyphénoloxydases, peroxydases et l’accumulation des composés phénoliques dans la résistance du manioc stimulé au Benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazol-7-carbothionic acid-s-méthyl ester vis-à-vis de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 950–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i3.9.
Full textAlaba, O., B. Ogunwumiju, O. Odu, and T. T. Lawal. "Physiological response of weaned pigs fed Spondias mombin supplemented diets in humid tropics." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.2999.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Résistance à la chaleur – Régions tropicales"
Adamou-N'Diaye, Mama. "Technologie du sperme de taureau de race borgou." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4015.
Full textBaujeu, Marine. "Succès d'invasion et écologie des communautés des espèces de Coccinellidae introduites pour la lutte biologique en milieu insulaire tropical." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LARE0003.
Full textThe Coccinellidae, whose polyphagous diet includes preying on phytophagous Hemiptera insects, have prompted numerous attempts at acclimatization to regulate various pests. Psyllids, though serving as alternative or essential prey, represent a much rarer diet and thus are less studied; Obrycki & Kring (1998) reported that only 10% of intentional introductions led to successful invasions. This low acclimatization rate, coupled with the ecological risks associated with the introduction of exotic species, underscores the necessity for a rigorous evaluation before any planned introduction for biological control.The objective of this thesis is to examine the acclimatization process of ladybugs on tropical islands, focusing specifically on psyllid-eating species.The first part is dedicated to a meta-analysis of historical data related to ladybug species in tropical island environments. This study aims to delineate the specific traits of the species and the characteristics of the islands that influence the presence and establishment of both indigenous and introduced ladybug species in the context of biological control. An analysis of presence data from 86 tropical islands across 11 archipelagos, as well as morphological and ecological data from 250 ladybug species, revealed that native island species are mainly aphidophagous and coccidophagous but small in size. This often necessitates the deliberate introduction of larger, more voracious species for biological control. However, smaller species show a significantly higher establishment success rate.The second part focuses on the composition and structure of psyllid-eating ladybug communities in a tropical island environment, Réunion Island. It seeks to identify the species that cluster around psyllids and those that use these insects as a primary food resource. This section helps determine the landscape, climatic, and prey availability factors influencing these assemblies. Sampling at 11 sites, involving two host plants, Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia heterophylla, and two psyllid species, respectively Heteropsylla cubana and Acizzia uncatoides, was conducted over two summer seasons. On Réunion Island, 14 out of 28 ladybug species exploit the psyllid resource, but only three use it as an essential or alternative resource: a native polyphage, Exochomus laeviusculus; an exotic aphidophagous, Coccinella septempunctata; and an exotic psyllidophagous, Olla v-nigrum.The third part analyzes the intraguild predation interactions within the psyllid-eating ladybug communities, with a focus on Harmonia conformis and the three other species determined in the second part that use psyllids as an essential or alternative resource. This study aims to characterize the symmetry, direction, and intensity of intraguild predation interactions among these taxa. Adults of Harmonia conformis were confronted with eggs from the three present psyllid-eating species on Réunion Island, and adults from these three species were confronted with eggs of Harmonia conformis. The four species are intraguild predators; only species of equivalent size have a symmetric relationship of moderate intensity. Harmonia conformis shows an asymmetric intraguild predation relationship towards Exochomus laeviusculus.The conclusions drawn from these three research areas on evaluating invasive potential and intraguild interactions within psyllidophagous communities will provide key indicators for assessing the feasibility of biological control by ladybugs in a tropical island environment
Vauclair, Fabrice. "Variabilité interannuelle des bilans de masse et de chaleur des couches superficielles (0-500m) de l'Océan atlantique tropical." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30157.
Full textMaillard, Jean-Charles. "Immunogénétique moléculaire de la sensibilité et de la résistance à la dermatophilose bovine : une approche fonctionnelle gènes candidats." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20141.
Full textDuteil, Olaf. "Impact de la chlorophylle sur le bilan de chaleur, la température de surface et la stratificatio thermique dans les régions tropicales : rétroactions sur les traceurs biogéochimiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066411.
Full textIzumo, Takeshi. "Le sous-courant équatorial et les échanges de masse et de chaleur associés dans le Pacifique tropical : variabilité, liens avec les événements El Nino-La Nina." Toulouse 3, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006355.
Full textThe equatorial undercurrent (EUC), the shallow meridional overturnings cells feeding it, and their essential role in the equatorial Pacific for El Niño and decadal variability, are studied using both in situ data and model. Trajectories of water masses in a realistic numerical model reveal complex and asymmetric recharges/discharges associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña events. Using TAO/TRITON moored data of current and temperature at the equator, with their gaps carefully filled, continuous time series of mass transport, temperature, depth and kinetic energy of the EUC are constructed over 1980-2002 and analysed. Over 1951-1999 in the validated model, EUC, pycnocline convergence, surface divergence and equatorial upwelling have the same variations in mass transport, all caused by zonal wind stretch integrated zonally, in agreement with linear theories. The strong impacts of these variations in mass transport and of those in temperature on mass and heat budgets are quantified
Jardim, Arruda André. "Seed ecology and grassland resilience : the case of campo rupestre How have we studied seed rain in grasslands and what do we need to improve for better restoration?" Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0353.
Full textOur knowledge of tropical old-growth grassland resilience (i.e. resistance to degradation and capacity for recovery) remains limited relative to our knowledge of temperate grasslands. Although highly resilient to endogenous disturbances such fires, the vegetation dynamics in old-growth fire-prone tropical grasslands seems hampered by anthropogenic disturbances, especially topsoil degradation. After topsoil disturbance, the internal species pool (i.e. remaining vegetation and the seed bank) is often depleted or even absent, and natural regeneration depends mainly on seed dispersal from surrounding sites via the seed rain. However, plant communities on areas disturbed by soil removal can remain very different from preserved sites many years after degradation, with almost no recovery of the natural vegetation. Despite extremely relevant, seed dispersal dynamics and resilience of tropical old-growth grasslands after soil disturbance remains much overlooked. In this thesis, I carried out a review and three experimental studies about seed rain and diaspore removal dynamics in grasslands. In CHAPTER1, I did a systematic literature survey about seed rain studies in global grasslands. I (1) assessed where, how and why research on seed rain has been carried out; (2) examined how methodological design and results have been reported; and (3) provided guidelines for future research on seed rain in grasslands. I found a remarkable unbalance in the numbers of studies between grassland types, which becomes even more dissimilar across global climatic ranges when the area covered by each grassland type is take into consideration. I identified significant knowledge gaps in grassland seed rain research. I also found a great disparity of methods and data being reported across studies. Additionally, I found that only a few attempts have been made to assess the seed trap efficiency and no studies to date have proposed any protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of seed sorting methods. Then, in CHAPTER 2, I ran a field experiment to propose a simple standard protocol to evaluate the efficiency of two seed trap types (sticky and funnel traps) and of a seed sorting method to assess the efficient of the methods prior to seed rain studies. As a case of study, in CHAPTER 3 and 4, I studied seed rain and secondary diaspore removal dynamics in preserved areas and in areas degraded by gravel exploitation for road construction in campo rupestre vegetation, a megadiverse edaphic grassland in southeastern Brazil. The small number of seeds captured in the seed rain, indicates seed limitation and suggests a close causal relationship between seed dispersal limitation and the low resilience after soil disturbance. The identification of some relatively abundant species in the seed rain places these species as good targets for reintroduction in future restoration projects. Topsoil removal changed the identity of ants interacting with diaspores, resulting in contrasting outcomes from ant-diaspore interactions. The lack of diaspore removal towards degraded areas indicates that establishment limitation is a factor hampering natural regeneration. Our findings help to explain, at least partially, why natural regeneration is compromised after soil removal, which strongly influences diaspore fate and interactions with potential ground-dwelling dispersers, resulting in different ecological outcomes and strong influencing vegetation dynamics and regeneration. I expect that these results will guide future research on seed dispersal and resilience in grasslands, underpinning decisions on restoration and conservation practices on these threatened environments
O nosso conhecimento sobre a resiliência (isto é, resistência à degradação e capacidade de recuperação) de savanas tropicais permanece muito aquém do nosso conhecimento já adquirido sobre as savanas temperadas. Savanas tropicais, embora altamente resilientes à perturbações endógenas, como o fogo, se mostram extremamente vulneráveis à certas perturbações antrópicas como a degradação do solo, a quais podem ocasionar drástica alteração da dinâmica da vegetação. Após a perturbação da camada superficial do solo, o conjunto interno de espécies (isto é, a vegetação remanescente e o banco de sementes) são frequentemente reduzidos ou até mesmo completamente eliminados. Nestes casos, a regeneração natural depende principalmente da dispersão de sementes da vegetação do entorno através da chuva de sementes. No entanto, comunidades vegetais em áreas perturbadas pela remoção do solo podem permanecer, mesmo após vários anos ao distúrbio original, muito diferentes do ecossistema de referência, apresentando baixíssima capacidade de regeneração natural. A dinâmica de dispersão de sementes em savanas tropicais, apesar de extremamente relevantes para uma melhor compreensão sobre a resiliência desses ecossistemas frente a ações antrópicas, permanece pouco estudada. Nesta tese, realizei uma revisão e três estudos experimentais sobre a dinâmica da chuva de sementes e da remoção de diásporos no campo rupestre, uma savana tropical natural, megadiversa e muito antiga localizada no sudeste do Brasil. No primeiro capítulo, realizei uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática sobre estudos de chuva de sementes em áreas não florestais no mundo com os seguintes objetivos: (1) avaliar onde, como e por que as pesquisas sobre chuva de sementes foram realizadas; (2) examinar como o desenho metodológico e os resultados foram relatados; (3) fornecer diretrizes para futuras pesquisas sobre chuva de sementes em áreas não florestais. Nesta revisão, eu encontrei um notável desequilíbrio no número de estudos entre os tipos diferentes tipos de áreas não florestais, o qual se torna ainda mais notável em relação à distribuição dos estudos entre as faixas climáticas globais e em relação à área total recoberta por cada ecossistema (ex. savanas tropicais). Neste estudo, foram identificadas algumas importantes lacunas de conhecimento relativas a estudos sobre a chuva de sementes em áreas não florestais. Foi evidenciado também uma grande disparidade entre os métodos de estudo de chuva de semente e sobre a maneira de reportar os dados observados, o que dificulta comparações entre estudos. Verificamos que apenas algumas tentativas foram feitas para avaliar a eficiência das armadilhas de captura de sementes e que nenhum estudo até o momento propôs algum protocolo para avaliar a eficácia dos métodos de captura de sementes utilizando armadilhas de sementes para áreas não florestais. No segundo capítulo, foi proposto e testado um protocolo simples para avaliar a eficiência de dois tipos de armadilhas de sementes (armadilhas pegajosa e de funil) e a eficácia de um método de busca e triagem de sementes coletas em armadilhas de funil, os quais podem ser realizados previamente aos estudos de chuva de semente. Como casos de estudo, no terceiro e quarto capítulos, pesquisei a dinâmica da chuva de sementes e de remoção secundária de diásporos em áreas preservadas e em áreas degradadas pela exploração de cascalho para a construção de estradas na vegetação do campo rupestre. O pequeno número de sementes capturadas na chuva de sementes indica limitação na dispersão de sementes e sugere uma estreita relação causal entre a limitação de dispersão de sementes e a baixa resiliência observada nestas áreas degradadas após a perturbação do solo.A identificação de espécies relativamente abundantes na chuva de sementes coloca essas espécies como potenciais alvos para futuros projetos de restauração visando a reintrodução de espécies
Guichard, Françoise. "Impact d'un ensemble de nuages sur l'environnement de plus grande échelle vu par un modèle de convection nuageuse explicite (cas GATE et TOGA-GAte)." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT034H.
Full textArnault, Joël. "Evolution cyclogénétique des perturbations convectives de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Atlantique tropical." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/651/.
Full textThe formation of Cape Verde Cyclones is the result of an interaction between several processes: mid-level African easterly wave's troughs and ridges, low-level monsoon flow and trade winds off the West African coast, convective developements, mid-level Saharan anticyclone, low level Saharan heat low, mid-and upper level troughs of mid-latitude origin. These processes are investigated in a climatologic study of five season of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forcast analyses and Meteosat images. This is complemented with two case studies modelled with Méso-NH: the perturbation which spawn Hurricane Helene (2006) and the so-called "Perturbation D", a non-developing case observed during AMMA / SOP-3 in Dakar in September 2006. The simulated evolutions are quantified with energy and vorticity budgets. The main result of this thesis is that geostrophic adjustment of wind field to a pressure perturbation of convective origin in the Cape Verde Islands area occurs only if there is a production of eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion and a horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity. This confirms the well-known hypothesis that tropical cyclogenesis is the result of an interaction between convective systems and a favourable environement
Maréchaux, Isabelle. "Individual-based modelling of tropical forests : role of biodiversity and responses to drought." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30244/document.
Full textA great part of uncertainties in our current understanding and projections of the carbon cycle lies in the vegetation compartment. The problem of biodiversity representation in vegetation models has long been an impediment to a detailed understanding of ecosystem processes. The high biodiversity of tropical forests, their disproportionate role in global biogeochemical cycles, together with their vulnerability to direct and indirect anthropogenic perturbations, amplify the relevance of this research challenge. In particular, the predicted increase in drought intensity and frequency in the tropics may impact forest structure and composition, as already observed in natural and artificial experiments. This thesis explores how new advances in modelling and ecophysiology should help improve our understanding of these processes in the future. In the first chapter, I describe an individual-based and spatially-explicit forest growth simulator, TROLL, that integrates recent advances in plant physiology. Processes are linked to species-specific functional traits parameterized for an Amazonian tropical rainforest. This model is used to simulate a forest regeneration, which is validated against observations in French Guiana. Model sensitivity is assessed for a number of key global parameters. Finally, we test the influence of varying the species richness and composition on ecosystem properties. Tropical forest response to drought is not well understood, and this hampers attempts to model these processes. In chapters 2 to 5 I aimed at documenting drought-tolerance and its diversity in an Amazonian forest. A rapid method of determination of a leaf drought tolerance trait, the leaf water potential at turgor loss point (ptlp), was validated and applied to a range of plant species. We established the first community-wide assessment of drought tolerance in an Amazonian forest. These results inform on the drivers and determinants of leaf drought tolerance, across tree species and lianas, tree size, successional stages, light exposition, and seasons. Variability in ptlp among species indicates the potential for a range of species responses to drought within Amazonian forest communities. This is further confirmed by direct monitoring of whole-plant water use on diverse canopy trees during a marked dry season. Finally, I discuss the implications of these results to increase the dialogue between the vegetation modeling community and ecology, to enhance model's predictive ability, and to inform policy choices