Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Resilient citie'
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TODESCHI, VALERIA. "Urban-Scale Energy Modeling to Promote Smart Solutions for Sustainable and Resilient Cities." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966333.
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BARAVIKOVA, ALIAKSANDRA. "Dealing with conceptual ambiguity on the ground: how practitioners in Europe operationalise the international policy rhetoric on urban climate adaptation." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9962.
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In recent decades, adaptation to the impacts of climate change has become a key
agenda for cities around the globe. A growing body of literature has already
illustrated how cities are a key driver of climate change, its main victim and a
promising site for action. Meanwhile, climate change has brought not only new
responsibilities but also a new lexicon for urban practitioners. Concepts such as
urban climate resilience and the idea of nature’s benefits for climate adaptation,
embodied in the “green concepts” – nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based
adaptation (EbA) and blue-green infrastructure (BGI) – feature in the major global
agreements. Still, they are often seen as vague, ambiguous, and therefore of limited
practical value. Despite their prominence both in academia and policy discourses,
their actual operationalisation and use on the ground remains understudied.
This thesis aims to widen the existing scholarly knowledge by examining how urban
climate resilience and ‘green concepts’ are used and operationalised at different
levels of decision-making in the EU. Several bodies of literature contribute to the
conceptual framework of the thesis: climate change adaptation in cities, scholarship
specifically on these concepts, and studies on the role of framings and science-policy
interface in environmental and climate governance. I use qualitative methods
to analyse strategic policy papers and semi-structured interviews with city
practitioners across Europe, plus a survey among European academics.
The thesis is composed of three academic papers investigating the uptake of these
concepts. Paper 1 compares the perceptions of conceptual tensions surrounding
urban resilience among the EU academics and practitioners; Paper 2 looks at how
urban resilience is operationalised in three science-policy projects financed by the
EU; Paper 3 studies the uptake of NbS, BGI and EbA, which are seen as one of the
key ways to enhance urban resilience, in urban green planning and management in
four large Polish cities.
This study provides a critical discussion of concepts’ operationalisation efforts and
challenges and discusses the role of vagueness and uncertainty in their uptake. It
contributes to the literature by expanding the geography of research beyond few
‘frontrunner’ cities as well as outlining some general tendencies in the European
context.
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Aguilar, Johnny R. "Resilient cities: an analysis of resilient urban form." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54268.
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This thesis studies the theories, scientific evidence and spatial relationships within urban form to determine means and deviations that developments can use to determine the resiliency of urban form within a given location. Resiliency within urban form functions as modulations around a morphological mean. Rather than replicate the mean, resilient cities modulate with low standard deviations around the mean. As a result, while many look aesthetically different, resilient cities are structurally more similar than dissimilar. Cities can use this information to inform their projects on a schematic design level to determine if they are improving their urban form or if they are deviating from the resilient mean.
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DATOLA, GIULIA. "Toward resilient cities: assessing urban resilience performance using a System Dynamics Model-based approach." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966341.
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Spencer, Samuel Summers. "The Fiscal Resilience of American Cities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83927.
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This paper brings together the concepts of fiscal health and resilience as they are understood in a contemporary context while seeking to establish whether a quantitative model of analysis can be meaningfully derived and applied to major American cities. Using major recessions from 1977 to 2015 as an exogenous shock, the values for fiscal health are assessed temporally to arrive at an assessment for whether a certain group of cities is inherently more resilient than others. Given subjective nature of the concepts used, this paper also grapples with the fact that any results must be analyzed within a local context. The end result is aimed to produce a tool for cities to compare how they performed in the wake of a recession and eventually work towards an understanding of what policy actions can be done to make a city more resilient.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Libertini, Laura <1996>. "Global cities response to climate change: exploring resilient solutions in the Netherlands." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21214.
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Il presente elaborato si propone di delineare le azioni di contrasto delle città in risposta ai cambiamenti climatici, nel tentativo di sviluppare l’ormai fondamentale denominazione di città resiliente e sottolineando gli effetti e le ripercussioni dei cambiamenti climatici sulle città e i loro abitanti. L’analisi proposta inizia considerando l’evoluzione della disciplina sui cambiamenti climatici a partire dagli anni Settanta del secolo scorso, quando la relazione tra l’aumento delle temperature e attività antropiche iniziava a diventare evidente. Da questo momento in poi il discorso si amplia introducendo la relazione esistente tra cambiamenti climatici e centri urbani. In tale contesto le città sono illustrate come parte del problema ma anche come soluzione dello stesso, in quanto vittime degli effetti del surriscaldamento globale e al tempo stesso generatrici di emissioni di CO2. A tal proposito, è imperativo spiegare il concetto di resilienza, esplorando le soluzioni proposte dalle città, attraverso degli esempi che comprendono Curitiba, Brasile, New Orleans, U.S., Copenaghen, Danimarca, Malmö, Svezia, Dhaka, Bangladesh, e concludere con le città di Rotterdam e Amsterdam, Paesi Bassi, cui verrà dedicata un’analisi e un capitolo a parte. Dopo un’accurata analisi del concetto di resilienza, è necessario delineare la nozione di governance ambientale, in cui si fa riferimento ai lavori della studiosa Harriet Bulkeley. In aggiunta, è importante ricordare il ruolo di organizzazioni regionali e internazionali, organizzazioni non governative, le fondamentali iniziative e network di città resiliente – C40 Cities, Deltares, ICLEI – e coprire il concetto di mitigazione, adattamento e capacity building, essendo queste politiche le maggiori azioni e iniziative intraprese dalle città. Entrando più nello specifico, si approfondiscono i principali strumenti di lotta al surriscaldamento globale a livello dell’Unione Europea per poter così introdurre un’analisi dettagliata degli impatti ambientali e soluzioni proposte nei Paesi Bassi, riportando i casi delle città di Rotterdam attraverso il progetto C40 Cities – Connecting Delta Cities Network, della città di Breda con l’iniziativa GreenQuays, terminando con Amsterdam, il progetto RESILIO e tante altre proposte. Attraverso quest’approfondimento si vuole dimostrare come le città olandesi rappresentino un esempio di città resiliente, da sempre attive nell’arginare gli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici, che inglobano un modello urbano ecosostenibile e inclusivo. Inoltre, nel corso dell’elaborato si evidenzia come in molti casi, le difficoltà amministrative e comunicative tra governi nazionali ed entità locali possano ostacolare l’implementazione di efficaci politiche di adattamento, e come la realizzazione di progetti verdi ed ecologici resti incompiuta. Ciononostante, le numerose iniziative, i casi studio, e le recenti proposte della COP26 di Glasgow riportate sulla tesina vogliono sostenere la determinazione e la volontà di partecipazione delle città in questa battaglia, affinché possano essere di esempio e supporto per i paesi in via di sviluppo, per i principali paesi emettitori di CO2, imprese multinazionali, e soprattutto per i governi centrali, con l’esigenza di creare una cooperazione trasparente e diretta tra stati e città, rafforzando una governance inclusiva e policentrica in cui il ruolo di ONG e della società civile non passi inosservato. In conclusione, l’elaborato finale si propone di dimostrare che tra i tanti attori protagonisti, le città possono apportare una svolta significativa nella lotta ai cambiamenti climatici, mirando a rafforzare e sostenere il ruolo sempre più attivo delle città, con la prospettiva di creare realtà resilienti, che rispettino i principi fondamentali di sostenibilità ed equità, e pronte nell’affrontare le sfide attuali e future.
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Aringo, Deborah. "Climate-resilient cities: A comparative study of climate adaptationstrategies in Botkyrka and Ekerö municipalities." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162624.
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This thesis research investigates and contributes to increased knowledge on municipalities’ approaches to climate adaptation and associated challenges that slow down or hinder climate adaptation approaches in cities. The Stockholm region has experienced climate change and impacts of severe floods, heat waves, storms, sea level rise, forest-fire outbreaks, erosion and landslides. To control the frequency and magnitude of these impacts, local authorities and administrations need to integrate mitigation and adaptation management strategies into physical plans of towns and cities. Surveys carried out in 2016 and 2017 consecutively, evaluate municipalities’ efforts in climate adaptation in different counties in Sweden. The survey report in 2017 reveals that not all municipalities are equally implementing climate adaptation in Stockholm county; and yet the impacts of climate change are to affect all municipalities regardless of size and geographical location. Therefore, to understand the state of climate change adaptation in the municipalities, the author interviewed municipal planners, engineers, environmental investigators, and climate group in Botkyrka, to collect qualitative data for analysis. Data was also gathered through qualitative document analysis to compare drivers of municipality approaches to climate adaptation in Botkyrka and Ekerö municipality. The study results show that there is a gap between Botkyrka and Ekerö municipalities’ climate adaptation work. However, much as these two municipalities are sustainably eveloping, they face a number of challenges that hamper their ability to integrate climate adaptation measure in urban physical plans in order to reduce urban vulnerabilities, and thus build sustainable and climate-resilient cities.Denna uppsatsforskning undersöker och bidrar till ökad kunskap om kommunernas strategier för klimatanpassning och associerade utmaningar som bromsar eller hindrar klimatanpassningsmetoder i städer. Stockholmsregionen har upplevt klimatförändringar och konsekvenser av allvarliga översvämningar, värmeböljor, stormar, havsnivåer, skogsbränder utbrott, erosion och jordskred. För att styra frekvensen och omfattningen av dessa effekter, behöver kommuner och förvaltningar integrera klimatanpassnings strategier för hantering av begränsnings- och anpassningsåtgärder i fysiska planer av städer. Undersökningar som genomförts under 2016 och 2017 efter varandra, utvärdera kommunernas insatser i klimatanpassning i olika län i Sverige. Undersökningsrapporten i 2017 avslöjar att inte alla kommuner genomför lika klimatanpassning i Stockholms län; och ändå effekterna av klimatförändringarna påverkar alla kommuner oberoende av storlek och geografiska läge. För att förstå tillståndet för klimatanpassning i kommunerna, intervjuade jag kommunala planerare, ingenjörer, miljömässiga utredare och klimat gruppen i Botkyrka kommun, med syftet att samla in kvalitativa data för analys. Jag samlade också data genom kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att jämföra faktorer som driver kommunernas klimatanpassningsarbete. Resultaten från studien visar att det finns en lucka mellan Botkyrka och Ekerö kommunernas klimatanpassnings arbete. Dock, även om dessa två kommuner utvecklar hållbart, står de inför ett antal utmaningar som hämmar deras förmåga att integrera klimatanpassningsåtgärder i urbana fysiska planer för att minska urbana sårbarheter, och därmed bygga hållbara och klimattåliga städer.
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ELDESOKY, AHMED HAZEM MAHMOUD. "On urban form and urban resilience: Examining the underlying politics and advancing the role of immaterial technology and typomorphology in assessing urban resilience to heat stress." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319227.
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This thesis focuses on one of the emerging research topics within the field of urban morphology that investigates how the concept of resilience, which has recently be-come a buzzword very favored to address the complexity and future uncertainty in cities, can be integrated into the study of urban form, as the raw material of urban de-sign and a key element that can guide cities towards more sustainable trajectories.
More specifically, the thesis tackles some of the theoretical and methodological challenges for integrating resilience thinking into urban morphology, where two main re-search gaps have been addressed. The first, is the need to understand the core meaning of resilience in urban morphology and systematically examine its underlying politics (e.g. resilience of/through what? To what? For whom? How? When? Where?) so that it can be effectively operationalized.
The second is the need to support urban planning and design decisions with tools and methods that provide an improved understanding of the impact of urban form on urban resilience to different stresses and shocks. In particular, the thesis, through the use of immaterial technology (e.g. Geographical Information Systems, machine learning and remote sensing techniques), focuses on improving and developing quantitative methods to better understand the impact of urban form on urban resilience to heat stress, as one of the most pressing challenges in cities nowadays that has been demonstrated to be exacerbated by urban form. And assessing their applicability in growing contemporary cities in arid areas, as the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and where little research has been conducted. At the core of these methods are the typomorphological classifications, which have been demonstrated to be powerful descriptive-analytical as well as normative/prescriptive means of understanding and designing cities.abstractita
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Caputo, S. "Urban resilience : a theoretical and empirical investigation." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/099fbc0c-c774-4a44-b6a0-c6919adcbc57/1.
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This thesis argues for the significance of urban resilience in sustainable urban development as well as for the necessity for practitioners to engage with this new emerging concept. It does so with a theoretical contribution to the definition of urban resilience, and with case studies analysis that help develop practical pathways to its attainment. For this purpose, the author has used a particular existing method (the Urban Futures method) developed within the EPSRC-funded four-year Urban Futures research programme. The author, as a member of the inter-disciplinary research team and of the sub-team of the ‘Surface Built Environment and Open Spaces’ work package, was instrumental to the development of that method, particularly for those aspects that pertain specifically to urban design and planning. In the section 5.3.3 the personal contribution of the author is described in detail. Moreover, interviews with practitioners presented in the chapter four, which constitute an essential part of the thesis, were conducted together with Dr. Maria Caserio, another team member of the work package mentioned above. She contributed to select interviewees, carry out the interviews, draft the transcripts, and discuss findings. However, the principal input in all these phases of the research comes exclusively from the author. The case studies presented in chapter six were also developed by the author throughout the course of the research programme. The chapter is based on papers that have been published or accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals (Caputo et al, 2012; Caputo et al (forthcoming)), and on conference papers accepted for oral presentation (Caputo and Gaterell, 2011; Caputo and Gaterell, 2012) in two important international conferences: the Sustainable buildings conference - Helsinki, 2011; and the 1st International Conference on Urban Sustainability and Resilience - London, 2012. Likewise, chapter five introducing the Urban Futures method as well as the process of selection and modification of the future scenarios that are at its heart, is based on papers published in peer-reviewed journals, and on a book dedicated to the Urban Futures method printed by the Building Research Establishment, which the author has co-authored (Hunt et al, 2012; Boyko et al, 2012; Lombardi et al, 2012). Finally, chapter three and four presenting the literature review and the interviews to practitioners are based on an article submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, which the author has revised in response to reviewers’ comments and that is in the course of resubmission (Caputo, et al - Designing a resilient urban system. Submitted to Journal of Urbanism).
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Manojlović, Nataša [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fröhle. "Improving dwellers participation in the development of flood resilient cities / Nataša Manojlović. Betreuer: Peter Fröhle." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1103023357/34.
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Manojlović, Nataša Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Fröhle. "Improving dwellers participation in the development of flood resilient cities / Nataša Manojlović. Betreuer: Peter Fröhle." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:830-88214327.
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Xu, Zhiheng. "Cross-Layer Design for Secure and Resilient Control of Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Cities." Thesis, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10840627.
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With the rapid development of smart cities, there is a growing need to integrate the physical systems, ranging from large-scale infrastructures to small embedded systems, with networked communications. The integration of the physical and cyber systems forms a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). The architecture of cyber-physical systems brings many advantages. For example, the cyber networks facilitate the information exchange among multiple systems. Despite the benefits of a CPS, its cyber-physical nature exposes the system to cyber-physical attacks, which aim to damage the physical layer (e.g., physical devices and equipment) through the cyber network. Even though researchers have studied cybersecurity issues for decades, it is challenging to use traditional technologies to protect CPSs due to the cyber-physical feature. For instance, in general, the conventional information technologies are insufficient to guarantee control performance of the physical layer.
Due to the new challenges in CPSs, in Part I, we introduce a cross-layer design to achieve security and resilience for CPSs. In our basic framework, we combine various technical tools and methods to capture the different properties between cyber and physical layers. In Part II, we address the challenging of the cloud-enabled systems (e.g., networked sensing systems or control systems), which outsources their massive computations to a cloud server with extensive computational resources. The cloud-enabled systems introduce new challenges, which arise from the trustworthiness of the cloud and the cyber-physical connections between the control system and the cloud. To address issues, we use leverage control theory and cryptography to develop secure mechanisms for different layers. For control systems, we use a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach to develop the controller. For large-scale sensing networks, we use a Kalman filter to achieve massive data assimilation. To guarantee security in the outsourcing process, we establish homomorphic encryption based on the customized and standard encryption scheme. The homomorphic encryption allows the cloud-enabled systems to achieve data privacy during the outsourcing process. Finally, we use an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a large-scale sensing network in our numerical experiments to corroborate our analytical results.
The growing complexity of CPS makes it challenging and costly to achieve perfect security. Hence, we aim to find the optimal protection for the systems based on limited resources. Game theory provides mathematical tools and models for investigating multiple strategic decision making, where decision makers compete for a resource. In Part III, we use game analytical tools to develop cross-layer strategies to defend the CPSs from specific attacks. Due to the features of specific applications, we use different game models to establish security mechanisms based on various requirements.
The first application based on the game framework is the networked 3D printer. As a result of the high costs of 3D-printing infrastructure, outsourcing the production to third parties specializing in the 3D-printing process becomes necessary. The integration of a 3D-printing system with networked communications constitutes a cyber-physical system, bringing new security challenges. Adversaries can explore the vulnerabilities of networks to damage the physical parts of the system. To address the issues, at the physical layer, we use a Markov jump system to model the system and develop a robust control policy to deal with uncertainties. At the cyber-layer, we use a FlipIt game to model the contention between the defender and attacker for the control of the 3D-printing system. To connect these two layers, we develop a Stackelberg framework to capture the interactions between cyber-layer attacker and defender game and the physical-layer controller and disturbance game and define a new equilibrium concept that captures interdependence of the zero-sum and FlipIt games. We present numerical examples to demonstrate the computation of the equilibria and design defense strategies for 3D printers as a tradeoff between security and robustness.
The second one is the train control system. To meet the increasing railway-transportation demand, researchers have designed a new train control system, communication-based train control (CBTC) system, to maximize the ability of train lines by reducing the headway of each train. However, the wireless communications expose the CBTC system to new security threats. Due to the cyber-physical nature of the CBTC system, a jamming attack can damage the physical part of the train system by disrupting the communications. To address this issue, we develop a secure framework to mitigate the impact of the jamming attack based on a security criterion. At the cyber layer, we use a multi-channel model to enhance the reliability of the communications and develop a zero-sum stochastic game to capture the interactions between the transmitter and jammer. We present analytical results and use dynamic programming to find the equilibrium of the stochastic game. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)
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Schwab, Vera. "Towards more resilient border twin cities? The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic induced (im)mobility shock on two European border twin cities." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193844.
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When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Europe in the beginning of 2020, a majority of countries reacted by closing their state borders. By drawing on concepts of border studies and border regional resilience, this thesis aims to examine the impact of the (im)mobility shock caused by the pandemic on two border twin cities in Europe. Through a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured expert interviews and content analyses, the thesis attempts to identify (1) Which factors facilitated/obstructed the coping/adapting strategies to the problems caused by the pandemic induced state border closures; and (2) Which long-term effects the COVID-19 crisis will have on the future development of the border twin cities and whether their development path will transform into a more resilient one. The main finding of this thesis is that the crisis management on the local level was considerably limited by the restrictions enacted at the national level. To be better prepared for similar shocks, the border twin cities have already made plans based on their experience. However, it remains to be seen whether these strategies can contribute to the resilience of the cities. Nevertheless, coordination between the local, regional and national level is essential to plan and establish resilient border twin cities.
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Mannocci, Silvia. "B.E.T. Building Ecological Transition." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/350821.
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In the era of the Anthropocene, cities are facing significant social, economic and environmental changes that, unlike previous historical periods, are occurring extremely rapidly. The acronym b.e.t. - included in the title - refers to the word bet, whose definition is closely linked to the concepts of unpredictability and risk. But the word bet also refers to the notion of opportunity understood positively as the possibility of success. The challenge that the cities of the 21st century have to face concerns the overcoming of the limits and rigidities of the current urban planning, which seems inadequate to manage the new dynamics in action. The term resilience has been introduced in the lexicon of urban planning and architecture to support a new approach to the management of the contemporary city, capable of implementing the attributes of diversity, variability and redundancy of the urban system. The structure of this research wants to retrace the holistic nature of the theme and is proposed as a mosaic of projects, tools and strategies that have the potential to assemble each time in a different way. The objective is to emphasize the importance of triggering in the urban system a plurality of actions, capable of acting simultaneously on multiple levels to ensure processes suitable for change and multifunctional. This research does not intend to trace a defined path, the assumptions of flexibility and adaptability related to the definition of resilience do not allow to define a new urban planning technique based on a model to be followed for the management of the territory, but proposes an open framework of possibilities to guide the cities towards the ecological transition and make them increasingly livable, comfortable, happy, vibrant and beautiful.
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Chu, Eric (Eric Kwok-Wai). "Urban adaptations observed : the politics of governing climate resilience in Indian cities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99081.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Environmental Policy and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-223).
An increasing number of international policymakers and funders have strongly advocated for programs that integrate and support both climate change adaptation and urban development, arguing that combining these two objectives will help ensure the long-term resilience of cities. This dissertation delves into the cases of Bhubaneswar, Indore, and Surat in India and looks at how urban local governments plan, implement, and advocate for locally grounded, contextually relevant adaptation and development priorities within their jurisdictions given such external mandates and incentives. My findings highlight two interrelated ways to theorize changing institutional relationships between climate adaptation, development planning, and urban political economy. First, through a process that I call street-level resilience making, I find that adaptation planning, implementation, and governance relies on the experimentation and co-creation of adaptation options between urban sectors and actors. Secondly, I show that urban adaptation is governed through power in translation, where different urban actors, groups, and communities contest intervening authorities through their ability to translate climate information, adaptation needs, and resilience-building options. In this context, cities are not in fact unidirectional recipients of external aid and support; rather, cities are taking ownership over how external funds get implemented, which urban actors participate in the process, and why certain sectors and populations receive more support than others. However, as cities gain authority over how external adaptation mandates get translated into concrete programs and interventions, this simultaneously creates more opportunities for local authorities to exclude certain populations in the process. The pursuit of urban resilience can therefore become a moniker for further co-optation of political power and for entrenching existing urban socioeconomic injustices. In response to rising urban inequalities attributed to current and pipeline adaptation interventions, I present a framework for evaluating climate justice from below. This concept takes into account how adaptation is mainstreamed into urban development and its relationship to broader socioeconomic transformations at a global scale. I conclude that the ability to mitigate existing power imbalances rests on the restructuring of governance arrangements available to marginalized communities to advocate for their own interests in the street-level resilience-making process.
by Eric Chu.
Ph. D. in Environmental Policy and Planning
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Suteerasan, Sutthi. "Blue-Green Infrastructure on the Move: How Resilience Concepts Travel Between Cities." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292293.
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Over the past decades, the fast-changing global climate poses a significant challenge to many cities around the world to embrace resilience concepts, whereby a safe-to-fail planning approach replaces traditional fail-safe practices. The change in perspectives has seen an increase in climate-adapted infrastructural projects being integrated with the new urban planning agendas across the world. The investigation conducted was designed to understand the process of how resilience concepts travel between different cities, by investigating the actors who move policy knowledge, their roles in it, as well as the knowledge transfer process mechanism that is responsible for the movement of such policies. The investigation took advantage of a scoping study technique to answer the research questions, using mostly secondary data and an interview to verify the secondary sources. The findings and the discussion provided insights on who is involved in resilience policies and how these policies are transferred from one place to another. The investigation uncovered the influence policy mobilizers has on the movement of policy knowledge, as well as how the mobilization of policy knowledge can both be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the way it was moved or implemented.Under de senaste decennierna utgör det snabba föränderliga globala klimatet en betydande utmaning för många städer runt om i världen med att anamma motståndskraftskoncept, där en planeringsstrategi med säkerhet att misslyckas ersätter traditionella felsäkra metoder. Förändringen i perspektiv har ökat klimatanpassade infrastrukturprojekten som integrerats med nya stadsplaneringsagendorna över hela världen. Studien genomfördes för att få en förståelse av hur motståndskraftskonceptet färdas mellan olika städer och detta genomfördes genom att undersöka de aktörer som förflyttar politisk kunskap och deras roller i den samt den kunskapsöverföringsmekanism som är ansvarig för rörelsen av sådan politik. Studien utnyttjade en scoping-studieteknik för att få svar på forskningsfrågorna, med mestadels sekundär data och en intervju för att verifiera sekundärkällorna. Resultaten och diskussionen gav insikter om vem som är inblandad i motståndskraft och hur policy överförs från en plats till en annan. Studien avslöjade även inflytande av politiskt mobilisering och kunskap som både kan vara fördelaktig eller skadlig beroende på hur den flyttades eller genomfördes.
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Chatterjee, Vaswati. "Disasters, Smart Growth and Economic Resilience: An Empirical Analysis of Florida Cities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538665/.
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This dissertation examines the relationship between economic resilience, disaster experience, and smart growth policies at the local government level. The study is based upon three research questions that examine spatial distribution of economic resilience in Florida cities, and examines the impact of disaster experience, and smart growth policies adopted by local governments on economic resilience. Based upon the bounce-forward approach (Cowell, 2013; Klein et al. 2003), economic resilience is defined using three dimensions—economic stability, economic equity, and economic diversity. The spatial analysis is conducted by mapping economic resilience scores across 780 Census Designated Places in Florida through standard deviation method of classification, and conducting cluster-outlier analysis. Results suggest difference in economic resilience within coastal and inland communities—with higher scores mostly situated inland. East Central Florida, Tampa Bay, and South Florida were identified as high economic resilience clusters, and Northwest Florida was identified as low resilience cluster. Impact of disaster experience, and smart growth policies on economic resilience was examined based upon logic of focusing events by Birkland (1997, 2010). Data was collected from the U.S. Census, the National Climatic Data Center, and the Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Survey conducted by Florida State University in 2009. Results suggest significant association between disaster experience of communities and their level of economic resilience, highlighting the importance of community learning in building capacity for resilience after disasters. The results also highlight the need of balancing mitigation and adaptation strategies. Mixed-use development policies, green building certification, and energy savings policies were found to have a significant positive impact on economic resilience.
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Rodrigues, Jenifer Ema Gray. "Water sensitive cities: a vision for Lisbon's Alcântara watershed." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15108.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista / Instituto Superior de AgronomiaCities are emerging as humanity’s habitat of choice, as they are vital for social, political and economic transformation. However the development of cities has often been characterised by short-term economic benefit and environmentally unsustainable consumption and production practises. Over the last few decades there has been an increase in the number of natural disasters and in the number of people affected by natural disasters, many of which are water-related, such as flooding or water scarcity events. This has been shown to be as a result of three main factors: climate change, rapid urbanisation, and the resultant settlement of people in at-risk areas. The strategic spatial planning of urban development can be an important tool in addressing the exposure of people and places to environmental risks, and in designing a more resilient city that employs flexible solutions to cope with an uncertain and changing future. This thesis focuses on the use of sustainable urban water management (SUWM) strategies as a tool to design water sensitive cities that are more resilient to water-based hazards, support human and ecological needs, and are appropriate to their geographic and climatic context. The thesis analyses the different known SUWM strategies, including Best Management Practises (BMPs), Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), and Nature-Based Solutions, and proposes an integrative approach that employs concepts and measures from each one. The case study for this thesis is the Alcântara watershed in Lisbon, Portugal. An analysis of the historical, ecological and anthropic factors affecting water management in the case study area is undertaken, followed by a proposal for the sustainable management of water resources in the city of Lisbon and its surroundings
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Klouse, Fuentes Amy. "Reconciling sustainable and resilient design in cities| Cross laminated timber and the future of Japanese wooden buildings." Thesis, Indiana University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596465.
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In countries particularly susceptible to environmental disturbances like Japan, discourse has centered on resilient design: seeking building materials that withstand natural forces to protect populations while being the most up to date with international trends in technology and science. As a culture with a long history of wood use in buildings, the sudden surge in stone, concrete, masonry, and steel production and use in building applications following the Meiji Restoration of 1868 signaled a momentous shift in Japanese architectural practices and customs. While a preference for these “modern” materials generally continues today, the properties and characteristics of wood and wood-derived products are being reexamined in light of worldwide ecology movements and perspectives in sustainable design that had not existed prior to the mid-twentieth century.
Using the subject of material culture as a lens through which Japanese urban architectural history and political debates are brought into sharper relief, this thesis argues that manufactured engineered wood products like cross laminated timber (CLT) are a part of the larger ongoing discussion on how to solve urban problems and offer the ability to connect sustainable and resilient building design agendas in cities. In addition, if CLT and other wood-based materials are domestically grown and responsibly manufactured on a larger scale than exists presently in Japan, industrial productivity of wood from local forests will recover after long periods of stagnant development, a move heavily invested by the present Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his administration.
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Clarke, Jonathan R. L. "Learning from practice : enhancing the resilience of cities through urban design and planning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/76996/.
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The thesis draws from examples of practice as a means to find new ways of enhancing the resilience of cities through urban design and planning. Literature reviews of urban design and governance provide the study with a theoretical base, whilst investigations of resilience connect and ground these earlier understandings. Accordingly, urban design is identified as a ‘transdisciplinary space' for an ongoing socio-spatial process, governance provides integration and collaboration, and resilience is increasingly understood as simultaneously a theory, practice and tool for analysing systems response to disruptive challenge. It is thus contended that successful implementation of resilience initiatives requires a ‘joined-up’ approach to design and governance, with decision making enacted in a holistic and integrated manner. Utilising an inductive, case study based approach, the foundation of the study is the contention that resilience can be enhanced thorough understanding and responding to earlier failures. Drawing from an analysis of urban incident case studies, the concepts of design weakness and maladaptation are used to conceptualise these failures in design, governance and ongoing management. Conversely, there is also consensus that building ‘adaptive capacity’ is another path to enhanced resilience. A similar rationale was used to consider the Nottingham case study, which revealed the primacy of economic concerns in local decision making with a corresponding failure to consider risks in an integrated manner, underpinned by new policies of rescaling, austerity and ill-considered national policy directives. Further investigation of individual design projects uncovered multiple maladaptations and inadequacies, as well as highlighting the difficulties of implementing institutional changes and the emergence of an ‘implementation gap’ between policy rhetorics and urban design practice. The study concludes with some wider reflections and principles for ‘resilient urbanism’, whilst an exploration of resilient design implementation outlines an iterative process for more resilient cities through ongoing learning, innovation and transformative practice.
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Khaghani, Farnaz. "Resilience-based Operational Analytics of Transportation Infrastructure: A Data-driven Approach for Smart Cities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99206.
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Studying recurrent mobility perturbations, such as traffic congestions, is a major concern of engineers, planners, and authorities as they not only bring about delay and inconvenience but also have consequent negative impacts like greenhouse gas emission, increase in fuel consumption, or safety issues. In this dissertation, we proposed using the resilience concept, which has been commonly used for assessing the impact of extreme events and disturbances on the transportation system, for high-probability low impact (HPLI) events to (a) provide a performance assessment framework for transportation systems' response to traffic congestions, (b) investigate the role of transit modes in the resilience of urban roadways to congestion, and (c) study the impact of network topology on the resilience of roadways functionality performance. We proposed a multi-dimensional approach to characterize the resilience of urban transportation roadways for recurrent congestions. The resilience concept could provide an effective benchmark for comparative performance and identifying the behavior of the system in the discharging process in congestion. To this end, we used a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to integrate multiple resilience-oriented attributes to estimate the efficiency (resilience) of the frontier in roadways. Our results from an empirical study on California highways through the PeMS data have shown the potential of the multi-dimensional approach in increasing information gain and differentiating between the severity of congestion across a transportation network. Leveraging this resilience-based characterization of recurrent disruptions, in the second study, we investigated the role of multi-modal resourcefulness of urban transportation systems, in terms of diversity and equity, on the resilience of roadways to daily-based congestions. We looked at the physical infrastructure availability and distribution (i.e. diversity) and accessibility and coverage to capture socio-economic factors (i.e. equity) to more comprehensively understand the role of resourcefulness in resilience. We conducted this investigation by using a GPS dataset of taxi trips in the Washington DC metropolitan area in 2017. Our results demonstrated the strong correlation of trips' resilience with transportation equity and to a lesser extent with transportation diversity. Furthermore, we learned the impact of equity and diversity can mostly be seen at the recovery stage of resilience. In the third study, we looked at another aspect of transportation supply in urban areas, spatial configuration, and topology. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of network topology and configuration on resilience to congestion. We used OSMnx, a toolkit for street network analysis based on the data from OpenStreetMap, to model and analyze the urban roadways network configurations. We further employed a multidimensional visualization strategy using radar charts to compare the topology of street networks on a single graphic. Leveraging the geometric descriptors of radar charts, we used the compactness and Jaccard Index to quantitatively compare the topology profiles. We use the same taxi trips dataset used in the second study to characterize resilience and identify the correlation with network topology. The results indicated a strong correlation between resilience and betweenness centrality, diameter, and Page Rank among other features of a transportation network. We further looked at the capacity of roadways as a common cause for the strong correlation between network features and resilience. We found that the strong correlation of link-related features such as diameter could be due to their role in capacity and have a common cause with resilience.Doctor of Philosophy
Transportation infrastructure systems are among the most fundamental facilities and systems in urban areas due to the role they play in mobility, economy, and environmental sustainability. Due to this importance, it is crucial to ensure their resilience to regular disruptions such as traffic congestions as a priority for engineers and policymakers. The resilience of transportation systems has often been studied when disasters or extreme events occur. However, minor disturbances such as everyday operational traffic situations can also play an important part in reducing the efficiency of transportation systems and should be considered in the overall resilience of the systems. Current literature does not consider traffic performance from the lens of resilience despite its importance in evaluating the overall performance of roads. This research addresses this gap by proposing to leverage the concept of resilience for evaluation of roadways performance and identifying the role of urban characteristics in the enhancement of resilience. We first characterized resilience considering the performance of the roadways over time, ranging from the occurrence of disruptions to the time point when the system performance returns to a stable state. Through a case study on some of the major highways in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and by leveraging the data from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS), we have investigated how accounting for a proposed multi-dimensional approach for quantification of resilience could add value to the process of road network performance assessment and the corresponding decision-making. In the second and third parts of this dissertation, we looked at the urban infrastructure elements and how they affect resilience to regular disruptive congestion events. Specifically, in the second study, we focused on alternative transit modes such as bus, metro, or bike presence in the urban areas. We utilized diversity and equity concepts for assessing the opportunities they provide for people as alternative mobility modes. The proposed metrics not only capture the physical attributes of the multi-modal transportation systems (i.e. availability and distribution of transit modes in urban areas) but also consider the socio-economic factors (i.e. the number of people that could potentially use the transit mode). In the third study, we investigated how urban road networks' form and topology (i.e., the structure of roadway networks) could affect its resilience to recurrent congestions. We presented our findings as a case study in the Washington DC area. Results indicated a strong correlation between resilience and resourcefulness as well as topology features. The findings allow decision-makers to make more informed design and operational decisions and better incorporate the urban characteristics during the priority setting process.
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Torabi, Elnaz. "To Be Beside the Seaside: Urban Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters in Coastal Cities." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365471.
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Climate change increases the intensity, duration and/or frequency of climate-related events such as floods. These events can become major disasters when they occur in vulnerable urban regions. Coastal resort towns and tourism cities can be particularly vulnerable to these disasters due to their geography and highly variable seasonal populations. Moreover, despite the increasing risk, urban development in many coastal cities continues to take place on low-lying land, aggravating existing exposure and vulnerabilities.
Resilience has become a popular concept in urban planning and policy especially in the context of adaptation to climate change but it is not an easy concept to understand and articulate in policy goals. These difficulties, coupled with the increasing risks associated with climate-related disasters, call for a reconsideration of the concept and its application in the field of urban planning. Responsibility for building resilience usually falls to local governments but they may lack the necessary resources and struggle to respond. In Australia, there is also a lack of a consistent policy direction across different local government areas.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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MANZELLA, Michele. "Materialising Resilience. Open data management, flood risk assessment and operative actions for dynamic cities." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403299.
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Obiettivo di questa ricerca è indagare nuove possibilità in architettura e progettazione urbana consentite dal progresso nella mappatura digitale. La consapevolezza dei cambiamenti ambientali e la crescente capacità di utilizzare dati in tempo reale facilitano soluzioni tramite il processo di progettazione. Data l’importanza delle nuove tecnologie nell’aiutare i processi di pianificazione, è sorprendente che gli enti governativi non abbiano investito in maniera sufficiente per tentare di connettere la realtà digitale a quella fisica. L’architettura della città dipende solo dal considerare il territorio nel suo insieme, e le mappe come piattaforme su cui studiare future azioni.
L’avanzamento dell’analisi di dati comporta la progressiva facilitazione dell’estrazione ed utilizzo di informazioni; di conseguenza, le mappature tradizionali non soddisfano più i bisogni attuali. Se la correlazione tra i dati è cambiata—e di conseguenza sono cambiate anche le mappe—le politiche di gestione spaziale devono essere alterate come diretta conseguenza. La capacità di produrre cambiamenti istantanei sulle mappe riduce il divario tra mondo fisico e digitale e, dall’unione di queste due realtà, è possibile cambiare la comprensione delle dinamiche urbane. Inoltre, la direzione che la pianificazione strategica dovrebbe intraprendere può essere meglio analizzata.
Il fine è di fornire agli architetti una piattaforma multi-scalare che consenta l’impiego di un unico sistema per l’accesso alla molteplicità delle informazioni. La Telematic Map of Risk svela nuove relazioni fra gli edifici e il loro contesto. Come mappa basata su sistemi GIS, è uno strumento di gestione di ogni tipo di rischio finalizzato a supportare il processo decisionale delle Autorità Locali, per la formazione di società che resistano ad eventi catastrofici. L’uso della mappa digitale consente la progettazione in un ambiente non più statico e garantisce lo sviluppo infrastrutturale in un contesto urbano che cambia col tempo. Creando un sistema ibrido che opera tra la pianificazione territoriale e la crescita spontanea della città, le mappature consentono agli architetti di creare un quadro coerente—basato sui Cluster Plans e le Guidelines for Territory Planning—all’interno del quale gli edifici possono essere progettati nella loro complessità.The aim of this research is to explore new possibilities in architecture and urban design allowed by advancements in digital mapping. Our awareness of changes to the environment and increasing ability to utilise real-time data allow us to respond to these changes through the design process. Given the importance of new technologies in aiding the planning process, it is surprising that Governmental Agencies have been doing very little work trying to connect virtual and physical realities. The architecture of the city depends only on considering the territory as a whole, and maps are the platform on which it is possible to study future actions. As big data analytics become more advanced the information becomes easier to extract and utilise. Therefore, traditional maps cannot satisfy current needs any longer. If the correlations between data have changed, and consequentially maps too, politics of spatial management must be modified as a direct consequence. The ability to make instantaneous changes to maps reduces the gap between physical and digital domains. Through the interweaving of these two realms, one could change the awareness of cities’ dynamics. Moreover, the direction that strategic planning should take can be better understood. The goal is to provide architects a multi-scalar platform allowing them to use one single dashboard to access multiple layers of information. The Telematic Map of Risk unveils new relationships and connections between buildings and their context. As GIS-based map, it shall be considered as a multi-hazard tool aimed to form and support decision-making processes of Local Planning Authorities, to foster disaster resilient societies. Using the digital map, architects no longer design within a fixed environment, but create infrastructures that allow the urban fabric to change over time. By creating a hybrid system of design that positions itself between top down urban planning and bottom up city growth, the maps will allow architects to create an organised framework—based on the Cluster Plans and the Guidelines for Territory Planning—within which buildings can be designed.
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Meng, Bin. "Building Sustainable Cities: A Case Study in Beijing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296207.
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More than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas and this figure is expected to increase. The worldwide trend is in the direction of urbanization. Building sustainable cities is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) initiated by United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network. In the anthropocene of human induced climate change, what makes a city sustainable? This paper takes Beijing as the case study, uses building smart infrastructures and lowering ecological footprints as the main thread, uses a mixed research method of questionnaires, interviews and site survey, and discusses four aspects -- transportation, waste management, green spaces and energy saving buildings -- from employees’ perspectives of how to a build a sustainable city. This paper also discusses the relations between smart infrastructure and the resilience of a city, and relations between lowering ecological footprints and a green city, and draws a conclusion that a resilient and green city is a sustainable city. We can build a sustainable Beijing only through vigorously developed public transportation, well managed waste, the development of diversified green spaces, and buildings that efficiently use natural resources as energy supplies.
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Mugume, Seith Ncwanga. "Modelling and resilience-based evaluation of urban drainage and flood management systems for future cities." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18870.
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In future cities, urban drainage and flood management systems should be designed not only to reliable during normal operating conditions but also to be resilient to exceptional threats that lead to catastrophic failure impacts and consequences. Resilience can potentially be built into urban drainage systems by implementing a range of strategies, for example by embedding redundancy and flexibility in system design or rehabilitation to increase their ability to efficiently maintain acceptable customer flood protection service levels during and after occurrence of failure or through installation of equipment that enhances customer preparedness for extreme events or service disruptions. However, operationalisation of resilience in urban flood management is still constrained by lack of suitable quantitative evaluation methods. Existing hydraulic reliability-based approaches tend to focus on quantifying functional failure caused by extreme rainfall or increases in dry weather flows that lead to hydraulic overloading of the system. Such approaches take a narrow view of functional resilience and fail to explore the full system failure scenario space due to exclusion of internal system failures such as equipment malfunction, sewer (link) collapse and blockage that also contribute significantly to urban flooding. In this research, a new analytical approach based on Global Resilience Analysis (GRA) is investigated and applied to systematically evaluate the performance of an urban drainage system (UDS) when subjected to a wide range of both functional and structural failure scenarios resulting from extreme rainfall and pseudo random cumulative link failure respectively. Failure envelopes, which represent the resulting loss of system functionality (impacts) are determined by computing the upper and lower limits of the simulation results for total flood volume (failure magnitude) and average flood duration (failure duration) at each considered failure level. A new resilience index is developed and applied to link resulting loss of functionality magnitude and duration to system residual functionality (head room) at each considered failure level. With this approach, resilience has been tested and characterized for a synthetic UDS and for an existing UDS in Kampala city, Uganda. In addition, the approach has been applied to quantify the impact of interventions (adaptation strategies) on enhancement of global UDS resilience to flooding. The developed GRA method provides a systematic and computationally efficient approach that enables evaluation of whole system resilience, where resilience concerns ‘beyond failure’ magnitude and duration, without prior knowledge of threat occurrence probabilities. The study results obtained by applying the developed method to the case studies suggest that by embedding the cost of failure in resilience-based evaluation, adaptation strategies which enhance system flexibility properties such as distributed storage and improved asset management are more cost-effective over the service life of UDSs.
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VALLERO, ALESSIO. "Development of virtual cities models during emergencies." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2751273.
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IODICE, FILIPPO. "Pollution and climate changes. Feedback from space for sustainable cities and communities." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/301641.
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Cities represent more than 50% of global population and are the main responsible of energy consumption in the world, accounting for more than 70% of CO² emissions deriving especially from energy and transportation sectors (Global Covenant of Mayors, 018). At the same time, also cities are negatively affected by Climate Change in terms of infrastructure, economy (e.g. agriculture), public services, urban planning and food security, all crucial dimensions for sustainable development. In this scenario, urban planners and policy makers are called to identify innovative solution against crucial challenges related to the evolution of city and environment planning and management. Based on the City Sensing [1, pp. 10-13] approach, the
aim of this thesis is to identify innovative technological approach that can support citizens to monitor the level the air pollutants and carbon emissions through the interrelation of Copernicus satellites, big data and cognitive techniques, in order to improve inclusive and sustainable urbanization and management of human settlements.
Satellites can help cities to become more resilient to climate change in terms of
• prevention of climate change through the development of risk management plans based on satellite data series
• adaptation to climate change thanks to the issue of ad hoc policies and interventions for each city
• communication of climate change in order to develop an informed decision making which foresees in climate change an opportunity rather than a risk.
The project will present how the combination of different technologies such as satellites, sensors, the internet drives the development of a new model of knowledge based on distributed acquisition of information whose combination with other already available data, provide a detailed, real time, dynamic and accessible framework for planning the future of a city. Moreover, the crystallization of these information within recorded blocks of blockchain can even create ‘shared value’ where certified data related to emissions and pollutants are associated with an economic value and resold on the market, in line with the carbon crediting system. In this way the pollutants stop being a problem to become for the cities and start being a solution.
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Chatman, Jason David. "Risk and resiliency among inner city minority adolescents a study of coping and ethnic identity /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1280150321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chen, Na [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Nentwig. "A Balance between Ideals and Reality — Establishing and Evaluating a Resilient City Indicator System for Central Chinese Cities / Na Chen ; Betreuer: Bernd Nentwig." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200856422/34.
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Chen, Na Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Nentwig. "A Balance between Ideals and Reality — Establishing and Evaluating a Resilient City Indicator System for Central Chinese Cities / Na Chen ; Betreuer: Bernd Nentwig." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191121-40309.
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ROSSI, GUIDO EMILIO. "Adaptation to climate change and water sensitive city development. Enhancing resilience and transforming cities through nature as infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1008278.
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The increasing impacts of climate change, urban demographic growth and migrations are pressures that exacerbate the vulnerability of cities. In order to respond and enhance their resilience, cities implement adaptation strategies that involve the transformation of the urban space. This requires an approach to the development and design of the urban territory that takes into account the new conditions, thus questioning the modern and post-modern principles and practices.
While engaging in the path towards adaptation goals and successive stages of sustainability in the context of water-related climate impacts, the relationship between cities and ‘nature’ within their own borders is forcedly changed as well as the physical space.
Adaptation, due to its systemic nature, is multi-scalar: at the macro level – urban scale, it is implemented through plans and strategies (adaptation process); at the meso/micro level - urban and architectural design scale, these strategies are realized through concrete interventions (adaptation projects). In the case of climatic extremes related to water, more and more often we are witnessing the use of the so-called ‘nature’ as infrastructure resulting from an eco-centric and holistic approach, rather than the use of the traditional techno-centric approach. Through the analysis of the transformation process at the macro level via a multi-level perspective approach and implemented or planned interventions as blue/green and traditional grey infrastructure projects in selected cities, the research aims to investigate the relationship between cities and ‘nature’ and the urban space produced by the projects aimed at adaptation goals. The cities of Miami and Rotterdam subjected to considerable water-related impacts to are taken as a sample to analyse two different urban transformation pathways towards adaptation.
Although the sample cases constitute only a partial view on the topic, the analysis is useful for drawing some conclusions and highlighting the factors that support the process of urban adaptation and those that constitute a brake, providing some hints and approaches transferable to other urban areas. The transformative approach, a multidisciplinary and systemic vision of the challenges the city faces, the integration of the development of water management policies in urban planning as well as the consistency in the adaptive orientation at the various levels so that strategic planning finds concrete implementation through tangible interventions, are elements that allow to tackle the impacts and allow to consider that the need for adaptation to climate change may represent an opportunity for cities to enhance resilience and modify urban space with benefits in terms of the liveability of the urban space itself.
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Emilsson, Håkan. "Ekosystemtjänstbedömningar : Utvärdering av metodik för att synliggöra värdet av naturen inom stadsplanering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245058.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze and develop a workflow for assessing and representing the value of ecosystems to professionals involved in municipal planning. A thorough literature review was conducted and supplemented by interviews and observations. Frameworks for ecosystem service assessments were analyzed and combined with methods in urban planning in order to assess social and ecological conditions. A workflow was set up and methods were evaluated by applying them to a case study in the area Åstråket in Uppsala. Experience from the case study was compiled in order to improve the workflow. Complex assessments were identified and simplified for the method to be useful for practitioners. A list of relevant urban ecosystem services was compiled. Eleven activities were chosen and divided into three blocks: planning, situation analysis and redesign. In the planning phase strong civil dialogue would be used to identify user needs and based on them formulate goals for the planned change. In the situation analysis the extent to which ecosystem services were utilized, and how much potential there were to increase the use of them without exceeding the area's biophysical conditions, were assessed. The different ecosystem services in the area were evaluated according to how well they helped to achieve designated goals for the area. In the design stage social-ecological urbanism were used to create a design that will increase the value of ecosystem services for the users of the site. Arrow diagram were used to show how the proposed design supports species in the ecosystem that generates an increased value of the prioritized ecosystem services and contribute to achieving the objectives of the area. The study showed that the value of ecosystem could be made visible by showing how different actors contribute to goal achievement. The methods for quantifying ecosystem services are still trivial and ignore some fundamental social-ecological relations. The methods for social assessments could not be fully tested in the case study because there was ongoing consultation on a plan proposal that prevented any interviews with the users to be done. Assumptions that were important to simplify ecosystem service assessment was that 1) a broad definition of value was used, not just monetary, and that 2) the focus was on increasing the value of ecosystem services rather than replacing some services with others. To improve the method more knowledge on social-ecological interactions is required, a broader discussion about values need to be raised and a more standardized set of indicators needs to be agreed upon. Ecosystem services can also be used as a pedagogical tool for learning about systems thinking, complexity and a diversity of values.Syftet med studien var att utveckla och testa en arbetsgång för att synliggöra värdet av naturen för yrkesutövare inom kommunal planering. En grundlig litteraturstudie genomfördes och kompletterades med intervjuer och observationer. Ramverk för ekosystemtjänstbedömningar analyserades och kombinerades med metoder inom samhällsplanering för att bedöma sociala och ekologiska förhållanden. En arbetsgång utarbetades och metoder bedömdes genom att tillämpa dem i en fallstudie på området Åstråket i Uppsala. Erfarenheter från fallstudien sammanställdes för att utveckla arbetsgången. Komplexa bedömningar identifierades och förenklades för att arbetsgången skulle bli praktiskt användbar. En lista med relevanta urbana ekosystemtjänster sammanställdes. Elva aktiviteter valdes och delades in i blocken planering, nulägesanalys och redesign. I planeringsskedet användes aktiv medborgardialog för att kartlägga användarnas behov och utifrån dem formulera mål för förändringsprocessen. I nulägesanalysen bedömdes i hur stor omfattning ekosystemtjänsterna nyttjades och hur stor potentialen var för att öka nyttjandet av dem utan att överstiga områdets biofysiska förutsättningar. De olika ekosystemtjänsterna i området värderades efter hur väl de bidrog till att uppnå utpekade mål för området. I designsteget användes social-ekologisk urbanism för att skapa en design som kommer öka värdet av ekosystemtjänsterna för användarna av området. Pildiagram användes för att visa hur den föreslagna designen stödjer arter i ekosystemet som genererar ett ökat värde av prioriterade ekosystemtjänster och bidrar till uppfyllelse av målen i området. Studien visade att värdet av ekosystem kan synliggöras genom att visa hur olika aktörer bidrar till måluppfyllelse. Metoder för kvantifiering av ekosystemtjänster bedömdes inte representera fundamentala social-ekologiska relationer. Identifierade metoder för sociala bedömningar kunde inte testas fullt ut i fallstudien på grund av att samråd precis hade genomförts för aktuellt planförslag. Antaganden som var viktiga för att förenkla ekosystemtjänstbedömningen var att 1) en bred definition av värde användes, inte bara monetär, och att 2) fokus var på att öka värdet av ekosystemtjänsterna snarare än ersätta vissa tjänster med andra. För att förbättra metoden behövs mer kunskap om social-ekologiska relationer, en bred debatt om värderingar och en överenskommelse om en standardiserad uppsättning av indikatorer. Ekosystemtjänster kan även användas som ett pedagogiskt hjälpmedel för att lära ut system-tänkande, komplexitet och en mångfald av värden.
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Icer, Mehmet Mustafa. "Examining the Psychological Resiliency of Latino Immigrants in Five Texas Cities: Policy, Economics, and Politics – The Case of the Latino Community." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609071/.
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This dissertation examines the impact of city-level characteristics (immigration-friendliness index, unemployment rate, and the percentage of Democrat Party votes) on the psychological resiliency of Latino immigrants. In the light of increased attention on the immigrant issue throughout the world, this study aims to develop our understanding of the factors that have the effect on the resiliency of immigrant populations. This dissertation examines these different characteristics by examining five different cities in Texas: Austin, Dallas, Fort-Worth, Houston, and San Antonio. The survey was distributed through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to those individuals who define themselves Hispanic or Latino. Results suggest that the city characteristics have a significant impact on the resiliency of Latino immigrants suggesting that local governments have a potential capability to increase the resiliency of the immigrant groups in the United States by embracing the notion that immigrants should be integrated into the fabric of the local community.
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Clay, Larry Clinton Jr. "Integrative Ecosystem Management: Designing Cities and Co-creating the Flourishing Ecosystem." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case162584034740029.
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DI, GIOVANNI GRAZIA. "Caged windows of opportunity for the reduction of "natural risks": urban planning and governance between disasters and resilience in Italian cities." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9695.
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The notion of “risk” is expressed as a complex product of several interacting components, such
as the probability of hazardous events, local vulnerabilities, exposure to hazards, resilience
and community preparedness (Paul, 2011). The thesis examines “nature-related” risks in Italy,
a fragile country with a strong propensity to earthquake, landslides and floods. Supporting
the call for more proactive approaches to risk reduction instead of post-disaster massively
reactive measures, the ambition of the research is to investigate how ordinary urban planning
and urban governance contribute in promoting innovative long-term risk reduction and
resilience in risk-prone urban areas. Only apparently contradictorily, the thesis uses postdisasters contexts as case studies. Ruinous events are here questioned from a double point of
view: on the one hand, catastrophic events are assumed as lens for analysing which are the
interrelations and clashes between ordinary and extraordinary ways of intervention for risk
reduction, looking at how ad-hoc plans and policies are shaped and implemented; on the
other hand, the research looks at if and how disasters act as trigger events, windows of
opportunity for enhancing the science-policy interface and socio-technical innovation for
reducing the likelihood of future disasters in risk-prone territories (as it should be expected:
Birkland, 2006). The author moves from Olshansky&Chang’s statement (2009): “Disasters are
not instantaneous occurrences, but rather they are perturbations to urban systems that reflect
longstanding environmental, economic and social issues. In turn, they exacerbate those issues
in the years following the event”.
The nature of this research is mainly exploratory-explanatory and positioned between the
spheres of academic scientific research and planning policies and practices ‒ in their design
and implementation, assuming the need to foster the continuum among academic science,
local governance and practices. The research interfaces between different disciplinary
borders, moving from an urban planning point of view, enriched by disaster studies and
political studies, grounded in Italian and international literature. The methodology applied in
this thesis is mainly qualitative, based on case studies, investigated through documental
analysis, fieldworks, semi-structured interviews with qualified informants, participation in
dedicated technical seminars and workshops.
The “Italian Case” is investigated at the national level first through an exploratory viewpoint,
retracing the evolution of legislation, policies and strategies addressing risk reduction and
adaptation up to the most recent experiences, such as the activities of the national “Mission
Structure ItaliaSicura” against hydrogeological risks. Secondly, the research addresses two
case studies selected for their relevance – the cities of L’Aquila and Genoa – which allow access
to grounded dimensions of the key issues of the research. Both cities are characterized by a
history of shocks induced by nature-related risks but with patterns and practises of
intervention currently put in question. L’Aquila, Capital City of Abruzzo Region, and other 56
surrounding municipalities were severely damaged by an earthquake in 2009, and a massive
reconstruction process is still ongoing in the area. Genoa, the 6th largest city of Italy by population, has always been affected by a very high flood risk, and experienced two dramatic
floods in 2011 and 2014: large projects for flood risk reduction are currently in progress in
the east side of the city. The different nature of risks involving the case studies makes them
complementary in the overall aim of the research, with the purpose of keeping a larger point
of view (not just hazard-related) on the topic debated.
The ongoing processes in Abruzzo and in Genoa highlight remarkable paradoxes of both
ordinary and extraordinary policies, plans, technical norms and funding mechanisms for
reducing nature-related risks, from the urban scale to the building scale. A heavy influence of
pre-disaster paths, tools and norms (both the existing ones, both the missing ones) in shaping
post-disaster choices – able equally to speed up or to undermine the transformative innovative
potential of reconstruction processes – arises clearly among the research results: the work
done “in time of peace” is a fundamental resource in future “emergency times” (inevitable in
risky areas) when the windows of opportunities are compressed in time and space. The case
studies demonstrate therefore the crucial necessities to invest in ordinary institutions, policies
and tools for risk reduction in risk-prone cities and to optimize the science-policy interface in
the field, not just for better protecting the territory and augment local resilience, but even for
guiding more effectively the future extra-ordinary post-disaster scenarios and patterns of
intervention.
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Orveland, Frida. "The green wedges of Stockholm - past, present and future : Development over time, changes in distribution and inclusion in urban planning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169081.
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With an increasing urban population, urban areas around the world face great challenges in sustaining its inhabitants without losing its natural values. Fragmentation of the urban green areas is inevitable, causing the biodiversity to decline and the ecosystem services to weaken. In Stockholm, ten large green areas stretch from the inner parts of the city outwards to the more rural parts of the county -these are called the green wedges of Stockholm. The green wedges bring nature closer to the urban dwellers and strengthen the urban ecosystems, which provides the citizens with vital ecosystem services. The population of Stockholm is growing rapidly and is expected to increase with almost 50% by 2050, putting a massive pressure on the development of new dwellings. Suitable and vacant areas for exploitation are rare and so the green areas around and within the city are often encroached or destroyed. The green wedge area is decreasing due to exploitation and there is no real means of protection for a majority of the wedges. The comprehensive plans [översiktsplaner] and regional plans [regional planer] are not legally binding, hence the continuous infringing of the green wedge area. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the green wedges of Stockholm, its past, present and future challenges as well as possible solutions. By using methods such as GIS analysis, a decrease of green wedge area in the new regional development plan RUFS 2050 compared to the old regional development plan RUFS 2010 was found. The green wedges are diminishing and only a small part, 24 %, is protected. New ways of protecting the green wedge area could be relevant to enable a suitable inclusion within urban planning. A sustainable urban region with a healthy and sound population is dependent on green areas close to residential areas. When encroaching parts of the green wedges it will have an impact on the green infrastructure within the whole of Stockholm County, which, inevitably, will affect the urban ecosystems that provide essential ecosystem services to the city dwellers. There is a need for a clear political vision, proper legally binding guidelines as well as improved and extensive inter-municipal collaborations to make the future of the green wedges prosperous.
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Lee, Jianna Jiyeon. "Eco-Effective Regenerative High-rise Buildings in Benefit of Nature and the Growth of Resilience of a City." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592135919693388.
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Yeboah, Sam Kwabena Asamoah. "The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation in metropolitan cities and outlining measures that could help build resilience and sustainability: A Case Study – Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22461/.
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This dissertation investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobility considering a study case of Bologna by analysing readily available data of public transportation (buses), vehicle and cyclist flows collected from manual passenger counts, automatic traffic and cyclist counters respectively. The timeline of the study was split into four phases covering periods before the pandemic occurred, during the first lockdown, immediately after lockdown restrictions were lifted and post-lockdown stages. Additional data was obtained from the open access data provided by Moovit app on the usage of mobility options during the timeframe of the study.
Analysis on data for the modes considered included weekly trip comparisons from 2019 and 2020, comparisons of usage during phases of the study and modal comparisons. Measures (policy and infrastructure wise) enacted by local government authorities in Bologna prior and during this pandemic are also examined considering the role of sustainability and resilience building. Results obtained from the case study are compared to other metropolitan cities to identify some similarities and differences to establish conclusions with recommendations suggested.
It is found that Bologna experienced an overall mobility reduction of 76%, 18% and 0.5% during the phases 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Additionally, cycling was the only mode to surpass its initial levels from Phase 1 in Phase 3, showing 31% and 40% increases in usage in Phases 3 and 4. Public transportation (buses) was the most impacted during Phase 2 experiencing about 90% decrease in usage. Private transport (vehicle use) showed the most resilience reaching figures (101.4%) in Phase 4 almost identical to that recorded before the lockdown. This study reveals that withstanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transport choices, active travel has a significant role to play in the choice of users in future mobility.
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Sung, Younkyoung Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] [Eckardt, Melanie K. [Gutachter] Smith, and James [Gutachter] Kennell. "Cultural Tourism and Social Resilience: Discourse of Historic Cities in East Germany, the Case of Gotha and Eisenach / Younkyoung Sung ; Gutachter: Melanie Smith, James Kennell ; Betreuer: Frank Eckardt." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200212-40920.
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Sung, Younkyoung Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckardt, Melanie K. [Gutachter] [Smith, and James [Gutachter] Kennell. "Cultural Tourism and Social Resilience: Discourse of Historic Cities in East Germany, the Case of Gotha and Eisenach / Younkyoung Sung ; Gutachter: Melanie Smith, James Kennell ; Betreuer: Frank Eckardt." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205259171/34.
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Sung, Younkyoung [Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckardt, Melanie [Gutachter] Smith, and James [Gutachter] Kennell. "Cultural Tourism and Social Resilience: Discourse of Historic Cities in East Germany, the Case of Gotha and Eisenach / Younkyoung Sung ; Gutachter: Melanie Smith, James Kennell ; Betreuer: Frank Eckardt." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205259171/34.
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Pearce, Margo Elaine. "The Cedar Project : understanding the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological distress, resilience, and HIV and HCV vulnerability among young Indigenous people who use drugs in three Canadian cities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51767.
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Background: Indigenous leaders are deeply concerned about the adverse impacts of intergenerational and lifetime trauma on their young people, particularly those who use drugs and are vulnerable to HIV and HCV infection. However, few researchers have investigated the complex intersections of trauma, mental health, resilience, and HIV and HCV vulnerability among young Indigenous men and women in Canada.
Methods: This multidisciplinary research was based on information gathered by the Cedar Project, a cohort of young Indigenous people (aged 14-30) who use drugs in Vancouver, Prince George, and Chase, British Columbia. The qualitative analyses used an interpretive thematic approach to analyze in-depth interviews. The quantitative analyses first evaluated the construct validity of psychometric questionnaires that measured childhood maltreatment, psychological distress, and resilience. Next, those questionnaires were integrated with longitudinal Cedar Project data to assess associations between childhood maltreatment with HIV and HCV vulnerability, psychological distress, and resilience.
Results: The qualitative research highlighted participants’ ongoing struggles with unaddressed childhood maltreatment and the association between emotional pain and HIV and HCV vulnerability. However, participants were actively resisting the negative effects of trauma maintaining hope for a better life. In quantitative analyses, each of the psychometric questionnaires had acceptable fit for the data. In total, 91.7% of the participants had experienced at least one form of childhood abuse/neglect. Longitudinal vulnerabilities associated with specific types of childhood trauma and cumulative trauma experiences included significant drug and sex-related HIV and HCV risks, in addition to HCV infection. Childhood maltreatment, sex work involvement, sexual assault, heavy alcohol use, and injection drug use increased psychological distress, while living by traditional culture decreased psychological distress. Resilience was increased by having grown up in a traditional family environment, and by having access to and being able to speak traditional languages.
Conclusion: This research supports the development of comprehensive, Indigenous-directed healing strategies for HIV/HCV prevention that are tailored for young Indigenous people who use drugs. These strategies must address concurrent trauma and mental health, support connections to Indigenous cultural identity, and facilitate understanding of the impacts of the residential school system and intergenerational trauma on family relationships.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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De, Balanzó Rafael. "De la sostenibilidad hacia la resiliencia en las prácticas urbanísticas : La ciudad de Barcelona y el barrio de Vallcarca." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404847.
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Con el objetivo de identificar factores y características que faciliten y promuevan la resiliencia social-ecológica en las ciudades, esta tesis doctoral sitúa, analiza, estructura, e interpreta las prácticas urbanísticas de las ciudades frente a los cambios, crisis, y colapsos internos y externos, utilizando como metodología de análisis la heurística de las dinámicas evolutivas de los Sistemas Social-Ecológicos (SSE). Esta metodología, basada en el ciclo adaptativo y en la panarquía de Holling y Gunderson (2002), permite aplicar una visión no lineal, con cambio imprevisibles, y multi-escalar ante la vulnerabilidad de los SSE frente a la visión lineal, institucionalizada y prospectiva de la disciplina del planeamiento urbanístico, condenado a resolver los problemas del pasado (Davoudi, 2012). El análisis se centra en la ciudad de Barcelona desde la aprobación del Plan Comarcal de 1953 hasta 2016, con un enfoque específico en el barrio de Vallcarca del Distrito de Gracia. Tras la introducción en el capítulo I, se presenta la base teórica del ciclo adaptativo y de los SSE adaptativos en el capítulo II, y en el capítulo III se describen y se comparan las distintas etapas y ciclos de las prácticas urbanísticas de Barcelona desde la óptica de la ciencia del urbanismo. En el capítulo IV, utilizando el ejemplo de Barcelona, se defiende que las dinámicas evolutivas de las ciudades son asimilables a las de la naturaleza al cumplir, las primeras, las características de los sistemas adaptativos: la no-linealidad, la imprevisibilidad, y la existencia de cambios y crisis que precisan de adaptación para ser sostenibles. Se muestra cómo el ciclo adaptativo permite analizar las dinámicas evolutivas de los SSE. Dicha herramienta también puede ser utilizada para analizar la evolución de las ciudades, al ser estas asimilables a las evoluciones de la naturaleza. Se procede a aplicar dicho método de análisis utilizando, en paralelo diversas metodologías de recogida de datos, incluyendo la observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas, entre otras. En concreto, en el capítulo IV, se analiza, utilizando el instrumento del ciclo adaptativo, las prácticas urbanísticas a escala de la ciudad y se comparan con los ciclos de la ciencia del urbanismo. En el capítulo V se presenta el caso específico del barrio de Vallcarca y sus perspectivas, y en el capítulo VI se introduce el concepto de Panarquía relacionando las dinámicas de Barcelona con el barrio. En el capítulo VII se concluye con los resultados principales del estudio. En resumen, se verá en esta tesis doctoral, cómo frente al análisis lineal y prospectivo de la ciencia del urbanismo, el instrumento de los ciclos adaptativos y de la panarquía de los SSE de la ciencia de la ecología, aplicado a la gestión del sistema urbano, permite:
- Subrayar que existe una lógica del ciclo (adaptativo) y de la propia recurrencia de los ciclos (con su estructura de fases) en el sistema urbano y sus prácticas urbanísticas, y
- Diferenciar entre dos modelos complementarios y no maximizables simultáneamente: el prospectivo de crecimiento y estabilización (front-loop) y el retrospectivo de innovación y aprendizaje (back-loop), situando así, con mejor precisión, los fenómenos de innovación urbana y social, y estableciendo, con mayor detalle, los umbrales del cambio en el sistema urbano. A su vez, se aplica la teoría de los sistemas complejos adaptativos evaluando el fenómeno de la panarquía de los sistemas urbanos del punto vista espacial, social y medioambiental, lo que permite poner en valor los procesos de memoria (estabilización) y, sobretodo, de revuelta (innovación) que surgen desde abajo.
Estas prácticas urbanísticas retrospectivas y recurrentes contienen atributos de resiliencia, como son la diversidad, la auto-organización, la adaptabilidad, y el aprendizaje; frente a los atributos de eficiencia, corporativismo e institucionalización de las prácticas prospectivas.Cities (social-ecological systems) evolve as an adaptive self-organized complex system. As a consequence, sustainable development of urban systems are based on their degree of adaptability and transformability to systemic change. This capacity to adapt is called resilience. The adaptive cycle and the panarchy heuristic (Gunderson and Holling, 2002) is a representation of resilience dynamics by inner-scales and cross-scales networks, nested in a set of adaptive cycles experienced by permanent changes caused by hierarchical relationships at both time and space scale and through the “revolt” and “memory” connections in order to establish a sustainable development. The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to apply the Adaptive cycle and the Panarchy heuristic as an Urban Planning management tool and methodology to analyze, structure and interpret urban dynamics from 1953 to 2016. Two case studies are presented: The city of Barcelona and the neighborhood of VallcarcA
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Elkins, Alex Gregory. "How the City State Fares Under State Capitalism in the PRC: Local and State-Wide Reform." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364384598.
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"Knowledge System Innovation for Resilient Coastal Cities." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.63025.
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abstract: Cities are in need of radical knowledge system innovations and designs in the age of the Anthropocene. Cities are complex sites of interactions across social, ecological, and technological dimensions. Cities are also experiencing rapidly changing and intractable environmental conditions. Given uncertain and incomplete knowledge of both future environmental conditions and the outcomes of urban resilience efforts, today’s knowledge systems are unequipped to generate the knowledge and wisdom needed to act. As such, cities must modernize the knowledge infrastructure underpinning today’s complex urban systems. The principal objective of this dissertation is to make the case for, and guide, the vital knowledge system innovations that coastal cities need in order to build more resilient urban futures. Chapter 2 demonstrates the use of knowledge systems analysis as a tool to stress-test and upgrade the Federal Emergency Management Agency flood mapping knowledge system that drives flood resilience planning and decision-making in New York City. In Chapter 3, a conceptual framework is constructed for the design and analysis of knowledge co-production by integrating concepts across the co-production and urban social-ecological-technological systems literatures. In Chapter 4, the conceptual framework is used to analyze two case studies of knowledge co-production in the Miami Metropolitan Area to better inform decisions for how and when to employ co-production as a tool to achieve sustainability and resilience outcomes. In Chapter 5, six propositions are presented – derived from a synthesis of the literature and the three empirical cases – that knowledge professionals can employ to create, facilitate, and scale up knowledge system innovations: flatten knowledge hierarchies; create plural and positive visions of the future; construct knowledge co-production to achieve desired outcomes; acknowledge and anticipate the influence of power and authority; build anticipatory capacities to act under deep uncertainty; and identify and invest in knowledge innovations. While these six propositions apply to the context of coastal cities and flood resilience, most can also be useful to facilitate knowledge innovations to adapt to other complex and intractable environmental problems. Cities must move swiftly to create and catalyze knowledge system innovations given the scale of climate impacts and rapidly changing environmental conditions.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2020
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"Safe-To-Fail Infrastructure for Resilient Cities under Non-Stationary Climate." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50613.
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abstract: Motivated by the need for cities to prepare and be resilient to unpredictable future weather conditions, this dissertation advances a novel infrastructure development theory of “safe-to-fail” to increase the adaptive capacity of cities to climate change. Current infrastructure development is primarily reliant on identifying probable risks to engineered systems and making infrastructure reliable to maintain its function up to a designed system capacity. However, alterations happening in the earth system (e.g., atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice) and in human systems (e.g., greenhouse gas emission, population, land-use, technology, and natural resource use) are increasing the uncertainties in weather predictions and risk calculations and making it difficult for engineered infrastructure to maintain intended design thresholds in non-stationary future. This dissertation presents a new way to develop safe-to-fail infrastructure that departs from the current practice of risk calculation and is able to manage failure consequences when unpredicted risks overwhelm engineered systems.
This dissertation 1) defines infrastructure failure, refines existing safe-to-fail theory, and compares decision considerations for safe-to-fail vs. fail-safe infrastructure development under non-stationary climate; 2) suggests an approach to integrate the estimation of infrastructure failure impacts with extreme weather risks; 3) provides a decision tool to implement resilience strategies into safe-to-fail infrastructure development; and, 4) recognizes diverse perspectives for adopting safe-to-fail theory into practice in various decision contexts.
Overall, this dissertation advances safe-to-fail theory to help guide climate adaptation decisions that consider infrastructure failure and their consequences. The results of this dissertation demonstrate an emerging need for stakeholders, including policy makers, planners, engineers, and community members, to understand an impending “infrastructure trolley problem”, where the adaptive capacity of some regions is improved at the expense of others. Safe-to-fail further engages stakeholders to bring their knowledge into the prioritization of various failure costs based on their institutional, regional, financial, and social capacity to withstand failures. This approach connects to sustainability, where city practitioners deliberately think of and include the future cost of social, environmental and economic attributes in planning and decision-making.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2018
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Santos, Ana Margarida Roque dos. "Rede de cidades resilientes em Portugal no contexto das alterações climáticas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12603.
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Classificação JEL: Q54, R59.A Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas (AAC) em Portugal pode impulsionar novas formas de governança e integração territorial, nomeadamente, uma rede de cidades resilientes, que articule as necessidades de um desenvolvimento sustentável comum. Passados quase 30 anos sobre a enunciação do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável no Relatório de Brundtland (1987), pretendemos saber como o conceito tem resistido e enquadrado os novos desafios contemporâneos da humanidade e como, concetualmente e na comunidade da prática, responde ao encadeamento entre a AAC, a resiliência, os sistemas socio-ecológicos e as novas formas de governança, como por exemplo, a governança adaptativa. Para perceber o contexto da AAC em Portugal e testar as hipóteses de investigação, selecionamos como caso de estudo o Projeto ClimAdaPT.Local, que tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de Estratégias Municipais de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas (EMAAC) em 26 municípios, a integração da adaptação nos instrumentos de gestão do territorial e a criação da Comunidade de Adaptação.
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in Portugal can drive new forms of governance and territorial integration, particularly a resilient cities network, which can articulate the need of a common sustainable development. Nearly 30 years after the enunciation of the concept of sustainable development in the Brundtland Report (1987), the research aims to know how the concept has resisted and framed new contemporary challenges of humanity, and how it can, conceptually and within a community of practice, respond to the linkage between the CCA, resilience, socio-ecological systems and new forms of governance, such as adaptive governance. To better understand the context of CCA in Portugal, we analyse the ClimAdaPT.Local Project, which leads the elaboration of 26 Municipal Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change (EMAAC), the integration of adaptation in municipal planning tools and the creation of the Adaptation Community.
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Bristow, David. "Thermodynamics and the Sustainability of Cities." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35781.
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Cities interact with and rely on energy in complex ways. Fundamentally cities rely upon high quality energy and outputs of low quality for their very existence. The energy flows and transformations enabling cities are tied to physical limits imposed by thermodynamics. Understanding of these limits and the relationships among energy and cities, it is revealed herein, is of vital importance to the sustainability of cities. Four contributions to this understanding are provided. The first articulates how the thermodynamic forces driving cities, together with the dynamic environment within which cities reside, stipulates what type of activities within cities are sustainable. Second, a model depicting the scaling relationship between urban energy use and economic output is devised, and it’s fit to historical data demonstrated via nonlinear regression. By differentiating between energy used to grow and energy used to maintain economic output the model illustrates how reductions in these values on a per dollar basis abets growth while the reverse delays growth, or stops it altogether when energy needs for maintenance become too high. Third, an exergy network conceptualization of cities is developed that reveals the structure of the exergy flows in a city. The topology of the network drastically alters the city’s ability to maximize usefulness of imported energy as well as alter that variability in the amount of usefulness extracted. Finally, the resilience of cities with respect to energy is presented by considering the energy storage and buffer capacity of the urban metabolism. The city of Toronto is shown to have adequate flexibility in food and transport fuels to withstand operation for days without undue interruption of typical activities. Together these differing aspects of the open non-equilibrium details of cities establish an improved prescription of the sustainable city.
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Svitková, Katarína. "Bezpečnost měst: městská resilience jako technologie vládnutí." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404562.
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Svitková, K. 2019. Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government, 282 pp. Doctoral thesis (PhD) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Academic supervisor: doc. PhDr. PNDr. Nikola Hynek, M. A., PgDip Res, PhD Abstract Resilience has become a buzzword in policy and practice of 'securing' and 'developing' cities and urban populations. This study discusses the use of this concept in the context of governance of subjectivities. More specifically, reflecting its empirical focus, it poses critical questions about constructing and promoting 'urban resilience subjects', and scrutinizes the process of internalization of resilience as a self-governance technique, self-imposed on and by citizens for their own good. The purpose is to problematize resilience as a universal tool or strategy to govern cities and their inhabitants, be it in ordinary or extreme circumstances. The study ventures beyond the traditional critique of neoliberalism to ask questions about what resilience does in terms of a performative governance, exploring the disciplinary and biopolitical nature of this process. Keywords resilience, governmentality, urban, cities, power, biopolitics
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Alves, Vítor Emanuel Pinto. "Estratégias para a melhoria da capacidade resiliente das cidades." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/31155.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil (área de especialização em Perfil de Construções)Esta Dissertação tem como propósito, em geral, desenvolver a temática relativa às Estratégias para a Melhoria da Capacidade Resiliente das Cidades. Este tema surge no seguimento de diversos debates sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que se tornaram orientadores de princípios para se atingirem os objetivos do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Sabendo que a relação das cidades com os desastres socio-ambientais é tão antiga quanto as próprias cidades, abordaram-se vários fatores de resiliência, mais concretamente o fenómeno das inundações, bem como as medidas, estruturais e não estruturais, que visam prevenir/mitigar os avultados danos de diferentes naturezas, isto é, ambientais, sociais e económicos. Por último, apresenta-se um indicador de sustentabilidade e seu respetivo parâmetro, composto por uma lista de verificação, em que se enumera as possíveis boas práticas, desempenhando estas um papel determinante para que as cidades se tornem cada vez mais resilientes, e consequentemente mais sustentáveis, no que diz respeito ao fenómeno das inundações.
This thesis aims to develop the topic relating to Strategies for Improving the Capacity of Resilient Cities. This theme comes after several debates on sustainable development, which have become guiding principles for achieving the goals of sustainable urban development. Knowing the relationship of cities with socio - environmental disasters is as old as cities themselves, addressed to various resilience factors, namely the phenomenon of flooding, as well as measures, structural and non-structural, which aim to prevent or mitigate the substantial damage of different natural events, i.e. environmental, social and economic impacts. Finally, I present a sustainability indicator and its respective parameter that consists of a checklist, as it lists the possible best practices, playing a decisive role in the process of having cities becoming increasingly resilient, and consequently becoming more sustainable with respect to the phenomenon of flooding.