Books on the topic 'Resilience-based life skills intervention'

Evidence Based Treatment with Older Adults: Theory, Practice, and Research provides a detailed examination of five research-supported psychosocial interventions for use with older adults: cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving therapy, motivational interviewing, psychoeducational and social support approaches, and life review/reminiscence. Taken together, these interventions address the diversity of mental health conditions and late-life challenges that older adults’ experience. Complementary chapters provide comprehensive treatment and research information for each intervention. In the first chapter for each treatment, theoretical concepts undergirding the intervention are explained and the specific skills and techniques employed are clearly described. Adaptations for use of each intervention with older adults are highlighted. Vignettes demonstrate the application of particular intervention strategies with older clients, while case studies provide a comprehensive presentation of the intervention. In a second chapter on the intervention, the research base supporting the use of the specific approach with older adults is reviewed and analyzed. In addition, the distinct issues, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse/misuse, behavioral health challenges, and insomnia, for which evidence exists are highlighted. Research support for application of the interventions in community-based, acute care, and long-term care settings and in individual and group formats is discussed. Implementation issues encountered in therapeutic work with older adults are described, as are accommodations to enhance treatment efficacy. Finally, a chapter on future directions in geriatric interventions provides an overview of emerging therapies that hold promise for the treatment of older adult mental health. In sum, this book provides a comprehensive overview of research-supported psychosocial interventions for older adults and their care providers.

Anaesthetists have a central role in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The incidence of treated out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is 40 per 100 000 population and is associated with a survival rate to hospital discharge of 8–10%. The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is 1–5 per 1000 admissions and is associated with a survival rate to hospital discharge of 13–17%. The most effective strategy for reducing mortality from IHCA is to prevent it occurring by detecting and treating those at risk or to identify in advance those with no chance of survival and to make a decision not to attempt resuscitation. The European Resuscitation Council and the Resuscitation Council (UK) publish guidelines for CPR every 5 years and the evidence supporting these is described in the international consensus on CPR science. The advanced life support algorithm forms the core of the guidelines but the precise interventions depend on the circumstances of the cardiac arrest and the skills of the healthcare providers. High-quality CPR with minimal interruptions will optimize survival rates. Shockable rhythms are treated with defibrillation while minimizing the pause in chest compressions. Although adrenaline (epinephrine) is used in most cardiac arrests, no studies have shown that it improves long-term outcome. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome is common and requires multiple organ support in an intensive care unit. Therapy in this phase is aimed at improving neurological (e.g. targeted temperature management) and myocardial (e.g. percutaneous coronary intervention) outcomes. Based on standard outcome measurements (e.g. cerebral performance category), 75–80% of survivors will have a ‘good’ neurological outcome, but many of these will have subtle neurocognitive deficits.

Being a teenager with a chronic illness can be challenging. The symptoms of an illness, particularly pain and fatigue, can interfere with just being a normal teen. The Children’s Health and Illness Recovery Program, or CHIRP, was developed to teach teens and their family strategies to help them live as normal a life as possible while coping with the effects of their chronic illness. The skills acquired in the CHIRP intervention are life skills almost every teen can use, and these skills can be especially valuable for those working to overcome the negative effects of chronic illness. The CHIRP Teen and Family Workbook provides evidence-based activities shown to improve coping skills, stress management, communication skills, and functioning in teens with chronic medical conditions. In addition, family-based activities included in CHIRP assist teens and parents in developing more effective ways to communicate about their illness and increase teen confidence and independence in both managing their illness and their lifestyle. These skills are important building blocks to help teens move toward recovery and improve functioning and quality of life as they approach young adulthood. The skills acquired in the program also serve as a guide and motivation for continuing the gains that teens and their families make in CHIRP.

The research pertaining to two types of cognitive interventions is reviewed. Brain training, which utilizes a variety of computer based approaches, is designed to improve normal performance by developing cognitive skills. Cognitive remediation is designed to improve performance in the face of acquired deficits. Such programs are designed to help patients with existing mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Although not uniform, there is mounting evidence that these interventions have a beneficial effect. However, research also suggests the beneficial effect of such programs is often limited to the specific type of task trained, with generalization to real-life performance more questionable. Patients improve specific cognitive domains that do not necessarily correlate with improvements in activities of daily life. The findings and limitations of current research are discussed along with directions for future research.

Enactivist Interventions explores central issues in the contemporary debates about embodied cognition, addressing interdisciplinary questions about intentionality, representation, affordances, the role of affect, and the problems of perception and cognitive penetration, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. It argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It interprets enactivism as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation of the mind. Enactivist Interventions argues that, like the basic phenomena of perception and action, sophisticated cognitive phenomena like reflection, imagining, and mathematical reasoning are best explained in terms of an affordance-based skilled coping. It thus argues for a continuity that runs between basic action, affectivity, and a rationality that in every case remains embodied. It also discusses recent predictive models of brain function and outlines an alternative, enactivist interpretation that emphasizes the close coupling of brain, body, and environment rather than a strong boundary that isolates the brain in its internal processes. The extensive relational dynamics that integrates the brain with the extra-neural body opens into an environment that is physical, social, and cultural and that recycles back into the enactive process. Cognitive processes are in the world, situated in affordance spaces defined across evolutionary, developmental, and individual histories, and are constrained by affective processes and normative dimensions of social and cultural practices.

There are few technical skills that surpass in value the performance of tube thoracostomy. Throughout the career life span of the physician, probability dictates that at least one patient will be encountered who will require pleural drainage. And yet equal in magnitude to the perceived benefits, are the inherent risks, which for the critically ill patient may be poorly tolerated and equally lethal. Thus, it is imperative to approach each intervention with a standardized approach upon which nuanced alterations are built based upon circumstances specific and particular to each case. This chapter discusses the tube thoracostomy procedure, patient placement, and modern concepts.

Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by significant deficits in intellectual skills and adaptive behavior. ID affects approximately 1% of the population; an individual’s ID can range from mild to profound based on the level of impairment and supports needed. Individuals often present with associated challenging behaviors and medical and psychiatric comorbidities that create a complicated clinical picture. Comprehensive assessment is critical for effective treatment. Intervention for ID is focused on addressing the discrepancies between an individual’s ability and environmental demands by providing supports to improve daily functioning. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary. Evaluation and treatment procedures will likely evolve as etiological understanding of ID improves. Greater research and policy attention to several areas of clinical practice are needed to improve prognosis and quality of life. This chapter details diagnostic criteria, assessment and intervention strategies, gaps in and future directions of research and practice, and implications for clinical practice.

One-quarter of students will experience mental health needs during their education, and many schoolchildren will never receive professional help at all. Because youth spend most of their time in school, school-based practitioners are in a unique position to remediate these needs. In this text, readers will learn the theoretical and practical applications of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a scientifically based intervention for problems like behavioral dysregulation, anxiousness, emotional disturbances, trauma, family conflict, and the typical trials and tribulations of growing up. After offering practitioners invaluable micro skills (e.g., rapport building, relaxation techniques) and establishing a foundation of cultural competence, this text presents core CBT skills—behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and exposure and response prevention—essential for new and veteran practitioners alike. The text thoroughly addresses technological advancements in CBT, including therapy apps, e-readers, and virtual games. Rounding out the intervention process, it concludes by describing therapeutic closure and offering additional treatment options for more severe case presentations. With numerous school-based examples, detailed case presentations, and printable resources, this text provides both a thorough introduction and an excellent review of contemporary school-based CBT.

The school environment is a key place in which to address development of numerous positive traits and characteristics. Hope is a one construct that addresses goal-setting and progress and is linked to many other positive behaviors and characteristics including resilience, optimism, school and athletic achievement, and well-being in general. Grounding today’s children in skills and mindsets that assist them in determining how to get the things they what they want in life may help them to stay on healthy tracks academically throughout their scholastic career. Past and current research has shown that hope is easily instilled and that it can be increased through simple interventions in a variety of different populations. School personnel such as teachers, counselors, and administrators can all play a role in the development of this trait and can help to direct parents in using the hope model with children as well.

The concept of dignity continues to receive attention in health care, with particular implications for end-of-life care. This chapter reviews current conceptualizations of dignity, integrating medical, philosophical, and ontological perspectives. The centrality of dignity to palliative care is discussed, exploring empirical findings, which examine what dignity means to patients and families in the context of illness and end-of-life care. The chapter provides an overview of validated tools, evidence-based therapies, and practical ‘everyday’ communication skills that health-care providers in diverse clinical settings can use to enhance patient dignity. Suggestions are provided for extending existing research into the notion of dignity as it relates to vulnerable groups, and how interventions aimed at supporting patient dignity can impact family members. Dignity subsumes many key aspects of comprehensive care, which can guide health-care providers towards improving end-of-life experiences for patients and families.

This work is the result of persistence, motivation, enthusiasm and de-dication from a team of researchers coordinated by the Professor and Doctor Marcos Aguiar de Souza and other authors, invited to know how individual behavioral variables interact with and permeate the organiza-tional environment in diverse professional contexts. These variables make up different psychological phenomena, such as: leadership, satisfaction with work and with life in general, locus of control, self-esteem, optimism, gratitude, well-being and personality. The main questions that guided the articles were: how, in practice, such phenomena occur and can be measured, and how transversal skills – also known as attitudinal contents or soft skills – can be developed to promote people´s leadership potential and their wellbeing. The answers to these questions are inside this book and provide interesting opportunities for orientation, intervention and reinforcement of attitudes. This publication glances, connects itself with and, in many occasions, runs through the book “Measurement Instruments in Military Context”, published in 2018, which aimed to develop and validate measurement instruments for the diagnosis of behavioral phenomena specifically in military environ-ments. Thus, we may consider that the present content expands the ho-rizons of perception, metering and registration of behavioral phenomena, aiming to supply, based on evidence, better quality of life and well-being to members of organizations, maintaining high labor performance through self-knowledge, self-determination and self-regulation.

Adolescents with chronic illness, particularly when accompanied by debilitating, painful, and/or fatiguing symptoms, face challenges that are disruptive to their normal physical, psychological, and social development. The Children’s Health and Illness Recovery Program (CHIRP) is an evidence-based program specifically designed to address the skills needed by adolescents with chronic illnesses to become more confident and independent in coping and managing their illness and lifestyle. The flexible 12-session format of CHIRP can be administered with individual teens and their families or conducted in teen groups with a parallel parent group component. CHIRP integrates and adapts effective treatment components from behavioral family systems therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, coping strategies intervention, interpersonal psychotherapy, assertiveness training, among others, into therapeutic activities in the companion CHIRP Teen and Family Workbook. This CHIRP Clinician Guide provides detailed instructions for implementing the manualized treatment protocol in the workbook. CHIRP was developed from both a careful review of the evidence-based literature on treatments for adolescents with chronic physical illness and the authors’ more than six decades of combined experience in helping children and families improve their quality of life and independence while coping with a chronic illness. Clinical outcome data on teens who have completed CHIRP demonstrate significant improvement in independent functioning and reduction in symptoms of fatigue and chronic pain; longitudinal data suggest these improvements not only persist but that teens continue to make gains on these factors beyond the completion of treatment, allowing them to pursue meaningful life goals as they transition to young adulthood.

This book compiles a series of educational and thought-provoking chapters from the world's leading cognitive and clinical scientists to describe the latest research on cognitive impairments in a host of pathological conditions that affect CNS functioning, the available treatments for these impairments, and how new treatments are being tested. This volume advances the field toward the availability of cognitive enhancing drugs and devices that will benefit those who need them most and others who may believe that these techniques can help them to thrive. Psychological science and cognitive neuroscience have become the most popular endeavor of students worldwide, are the focus of attention of our greatest scientific accomplishments, and are the emphasis of many publications in the mainstream media. Because humans depend on cognitive abilities for survival, quality of life, and productivity, improving them has never been more important. Those with impairments in key aspects of cognition suffer dearly because they are unable to obtain and retain information, unable to make sound decisions based on the information at hand, and unable to plan future activities. The availability of pharmacological and behavioral interventions that can improve cognitive abilities and provide impaired individuals with the social, occupational, and functional quality of life that the rest of us enjoy has potential far-reaching implications. Such interventions can also benefit those who want to boost current cognitive abilities to higher levels, perhaps as a means to hone skills in providing products for others or to gain an edge on competition.

Adult Nursing Practice: Using evidence in care enables today's students and newly qualified nurses develop the knowledge and skills they need to deliver, and lead care tomorrow. Reflecting the principles of evidence-based care in line with the current NMC competencies, this textbook helps students learn to manage patients with common conditions and fundamental health needs so they can provide the best possible evidence-based care. Written, and edited by leading nurses from practice, education and research, it focuses on common diseases, fundamental health needs, and symptoms that nurses' encounter in daily practice. Conditions are clearly explained so that the causes of ill health are easily understood. Every chapter covers pathophysiology, indicates the key priorities for nursing assessment, and discusses 'what the evidence says', before considering nursing management options. Throughout the authors' clear signposts to trustworthy evidence mean that students can effortlessly select the best nursing interventions for their patients using the current available evidence-base. The ideal guide for students preparing for registration and newly qualified staff going through preceptorship, it is packed with over 115 illustrations and lots of features to bring the subject to life and make learning easier: BLNursing assessment illustrations outline challenges caused by common diseases in a helpful and memorable way, highlighting issues that need assessment BLRed flag icons indicate the warning signs of deterioration and urgent questions are listed that can be used for assessment and monitoring BLCase studies of effective evidence-based interventions show the difference that high quality nursing care makes BLCross references between common conditions' causes and managing related health needs and symptoms develop understanding by clearly linking pathophysiology with nursing management options BLTheory into practice boxes further enhance learning through suggested activities, such as exploring key evidence, considering major practice issues or applying core knowledge while out on placement BLOnline resource centre at www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/orc/bullock http://www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/orc/bullock. Filled with interactive and useful e-learning resources to help students test their learning, keep up-to-date with the latest evidence and further expand their knowledge, it features: BLClinical decision making scenarios BLQuiz questions BLUpdates to content BLHyperlinked references BLimages from the book BLLecturer resources

The past two decades have seen significant advances in the development of evidence-based treatments for pediatric bipolar disorder. Practice guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy with mood stabilizers or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as the first-line treatment. Lithium, risperidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and olanzapine are approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for treating bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. The pharmacological literature suggests that SGAs are faster and more effective than mood stabilizers in treating acute manic or mixed episodes, but they have significant side effects and require careful monitoring. While mild to moderate bipolar disorder can be treated with monotherapy, combination pharmacotherapy with an SGA and a mood stabilizer is recommended for youth with severe bipolar disorder. A growing body of literature also suggests the efficacy of psychosocial interventions, with family psychoeducation and skills building as adjunct treatments to pharmacotherapy. More type 1 studies of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments are needed.

Gynaecologists and obstetricians are confronted with many tasks that require biopsychosocial competence, as explained in Chapter 2. Care for patients with unexplained physical symptoms, and patients with chronic incurable diseases, in various phases of their lives, require patient education, health promotion, counselling, and management of psychosocial problems. To obtain this competency, a curriculum is needed, which, besides gynaecology and obstetrics, includes elements of psychology, psycho-social medicine, and psychiatry, adapted to the specific needs of gynaecologists and obstetricians in their everyday work. A basic part of Chapter 2 shows the curriculum consists of teaching the knowledge, and skills derived from communication theory and practice including physician, and patient-centred communication with active listening, responding to emotions and information exchange as well as breaking bad news, risk-counselling, and shared decision-making. Building on these skills, trainees are introduced into the biopsychosocial process of diagnosis, establishing a 9-field comprehensive work-up using the ABCDEFG guideline (Affect, Behaviour, Conflict, Distress, Early life Experiences, False beliefs, Generalised frustration). The therapeutic interventions are based on a working alliance between the physician and the patient, and are taught as basic elements, which have to be combined according to the individual patient and the presenting situation. The overall technique for gynaecologists and obstetricians can be summarised as supportive counselling/psychotherapy. This includes elements such as catharsis, clarifying conflicts and conflict resolution, cognitive reframing, insight and understanding, stress reduction techniques, and helping in behavioural change (CCRISH).

RAINBOW: A Child- and Family-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder is a comprehensive, evidence-based treatment manual designed specifically for children ages 7–13 with bipolar spectrum disorders and their families. Developed by experts in pediatric mood disorders and tested in a randomized clinical trial (RCT), RAINBOW integrates psychoeducation and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with complementary techniques from mindfulness-based intervention, positive psychology, and interpersonal therapy to address the range of therapeutic needs of families affected by this disorder. Guided by the evidence on the neurobiological and psychosocial difficulties accompanying pediatric bipolar disorder, this treatment targets the child and family across seven core components: Routine, Affect Regulation, I Can Do It, No Negative Thoughts and Live in the Now, Be a Good Friend/Balanced Lifestyle for Parents, Oh How Do We Solve This Problem, and Ways to Get Support. Throughout the treatment, the child and family will learn how to identify mood states and triggers of mood dysregulation, and develop cognitive and behavioral strategies for improving mood stability. Children will build social skills, and caregivers will develop greater balance and self-care in their own lives. The family will learn ways to use routines, problem-solving, and social support to improve overall family functioning. Intended for qualified child-focused mental health professionals, this manual includes the conceptual background of the treatment and user-friendly step-by-step instruction in delivering RAINBOW with families, including handy session outlines and engaging worksheets for the child and caregiver(s).

The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.