Journal articles on the topic 'Residue properties'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Residue properties.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Residue properties.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Brownlee, D. E., and J. Bradley. "Meteoroid residue in craters from earth orbiting spacecraft." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133242.
Full textAbstract:
The extraterrestrial meteoroid residue found lining impact craters in metal targets recovered from space is highly variable in both quantity and type. In typical craters only a minor amount of reside is found and for these craters it is evident that most of the impacting projectile was ejected during crater formation. Less than 10% of the craters >100μm contain abundant residue consistent with survival of a major fraction of the projectile. In these cases the residue can be seen optically as a dark liner and it can easily be analyzed by SEM-EDX techniques. Because they are rare, the craters with abundant residue must be a biased sampling of the meteoroids reaching the earth. Factors that favor residue retention are low impact velocity and material properties such as high melting point. In general the SEM-EDX observations of crater residues are consistent with the properties of chondritic meteorites and interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere.
2
Lupwayi, N. Z., G. W. Clayton, J. T. O’Donovan, K. N. Harker, T. K. Turkington, and W. A. Rice. "Soil microbiological properties during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-083.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments were conducted to correlate decomposition of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, and soil organic C (SOC), under zero tillage and conventional tillage, with soil microbial biomass C (MBC), bacterial functional diversity and microbial activity (CO2 evolution). A greenhouse experiment was also conducted to relate crop residue quality to soil microbial characteristics. Zero tillage increas ed MBC only in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. Soil MBC decreased more with soil depth than either microbial diversity or total SOC. Legume GM residues induced greater initial CO2 evolution than the other residues. This means that results that do not include the initial flush of microbial activity, e.g., by sampling only in the season(s) following residue placement, probably underestimate gas evolution from legume crop residues. Residue N, P and K contents were positively correlated with microbial functional diversity and activity, which were positively correlated with crop residue decomposition. Therefore, microbial functional diversity and activity were good indicators of microbial decomposition processes. Residue C/N and C/P ratios (i.e., high C content) were positively correlated with MBC, which was positively correlated with SOC. Therefore, soil MBC was a good indicator of soil quality (soil organic matter content). Key words: Biological soil quality, crop residues, crop rotation, microbial activity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity
3
Abou-Zeid, Nadia A. "High-fat spreadable processed cheese for people with high blood cholesterol." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 2 (May 1993): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027552.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryPart of the raw cheese base used for manufacturing high-fat processed cheese spread Was replaced by cows' (C) or buffalo (B) butter residue at levels of up to 20%. These residues were produced during the conversion of butter to butter oil by traditional moderate (T) or severe (M) heat treatments. The hypocholesterolaemic properties of butter residues incorporated into processed cheese were tested with rats (serum and liver cholesterol) and human beings (serum cholesterol). When rats were given the control cheese with no butter residue there were significant increases in both serum and liver cholesterol compared with rats given stock diet. However, when part of the raw cheese base was replaced by butter residue these rises were reduced by amounts proportional to the level of butter residue. The hypocholesterolaemic properties of the residues were in order CT > BT, CM > BM, and incorporations of 10% CT, 15% BT, 15% CM and 20% BM were found to nullify the hypercholesterolaemic effects of control cheese and restore cholesterol levels to their normal values. A small human trial gave similar results. Incorporation of butter residue slightly affected the chemical composition of the cheeses. Fat content and pH were little different; however, cheeses with butter residue tended to have higher total protein but lower soluble protein, tyrosine and tryptophan, and total volatile fatty acids. Rheological properties were not altered significantly. Incorporation of butter residue improved the organoleptic properties, particularly flavour intensity. Storage at 5 °C for 2 months did not alter the organoleptic properties and changes in chemical composition followed the normal pattern.
4
Buist, Ian, Ken Trudel, Jake Morrison, and Don Aurand. "LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF IN-SITU BURN RESIDUES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-149.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of the residue from in-situ burns of thick oil slicks. It involved burning small-diameter slicks of oil on water and analyzing the properties of the residues. The objective of the work was to identify the burn conditions that might produce residues that sink. Eight oils were selected for the project: (1) Alaska North Slope crude; (2) Alberta Sweet Mixed Blend crude; (3) Arabian Heavy crude; (4) Arabian Light crude; (5) Bonny Light crude; (6) Iranian Heavy crude; (7) Mayan crude; and (8) automotive diesel. Burn tests were conducted on all eight oils when fresh and on two of the oils when weathered. Experiments involved burning slicks of three thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 cm) on saltwater at room temperature (15°C). Residue density, water content, pour point, and viscosity were measured. Samples of parent oils and burn residues were fractionated into three boiling point ranges, and each was analyzed to quantify total saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. The results showed that the residues from burns of thicker slicks of heavier crudes and weathered crudes may sink in fresh water or saltwater once they cool to ambient temperatures, whereas burn residues of lighter oils may not sink. Burn residues of all crudes were more dense than their parent oils and were solid or semisolid. Residue density was related to the density of the parent oil, the state of weathering, and slick thickness. Chemical analysis showed that the burn residues were composed almost exclusively of the higher boiling point (HBP) fraction; virtually all of the lower boiling point fraction and almost all of the middle boiling point fraction had been removed. Most, but not all, of the HBP fraction, which included all of the asphaltenes and resins, was preserved in the burn residue. The in-situ burning process appears to be neither a pure equilibrium flash vaporization nor a pure batch distillation, but rather a process lying somewhere between the two ideals. The results of the burns of automotive diesel contrasted strongly with those of crude oils. Diesel burns were far more efficient than those of crude oils, leaving only a few millimeters of residue regardless of the thickness of the original slick. The chemical composition of the residue and its properties were changed only slightly from those of the parent oil. Research on the use of in-situ burning as a marine oil spill countermeasure has resulted in a rapidly growing acceptance of the technique as an option for spill cleanup. However, one area of concern with in-situ
5
Mohanta, Dayanidhi, Santanu Santra, and Madhurima Jana. "Conformational disorder and solvation properties of the key-residues of a protein in water–ethanol mixed solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 48 (2017): 32636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06022j.
Full textAbstract:
Restricted structural relaxation of the key-residue–water and key-residue–ethanol hydrogen bonds and the formation of a strong long-lived hydrogen bonding environment in the unfolded protein nourishes the key-residues to trigger unfolding.
6
Baskoro, Dwl Putro Tejo. "Effect of Placement Method of Crop Residue and Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Production." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2005): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.7.2.66-70.
Full textAbstract:
A proper management of crop residue can increase crop production since it plays an important role on increasingwater availability. The effect of crop residue application on soil productivity depends on many factors. In this research. theeffect of placement of crop residue and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop production were examined under field condition on dry season. The result showed that crop residue placement had no significant effect on all parameters of measured soil physical properties both under dry condition (no irrigation) and wet condition (with irrigation). The effects ofcrop residue placements on maize growth were also not significant. Nevertheless there was a tendency that surface application produced higher biomass than buried application. On grain yield, however. the effect of crop residue placement was significant. especially under dry condition with no water applied Surface application of crop residues produced higher grain yield than buried application.
7
Wu, Ying-feng, and Xin Qu. "Influence of Different Types of Emulsifiers on Properties of Emulsified Asphalt Binder and Its Evaporation Residue by Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (December 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3313460.
Full textAbstract:
There is an important role in the properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue about emulsifier, which has been confirmed by experiment and chemical tests. However, there is little research about the emulsifier at microperspective. Therefore, the influence of two kinds of emulsifiers, a typical cationic emulsifier (dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and a typical anionic emulsifier (dodecyl primary amine), on technical properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residues such as store stability, workability, breaking behavior, and mechanical properties are investigated using a microapproach. Results show that there is an effective role in the storage stability, workability, and demulsification of emulsified asphalt binder about cationic emulsifier compared with anionic emulsifier. The anionic emulsifier makes the density of evaporation residue larger. However, the mechanical properties of anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue are conversely smaller compared with the cationic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue. The adhesion behavior results have confirmed that the anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue has a negative adhesion with aggregate due to its anion. The mechanism of the different emulsifiers on asphalt binders and their evaporation residue is explored at a microscale to help us to understand emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue more in depth.
8
Stratiev, Dicho, Svetoslav Nenov, Dimitar Nedanovski, Ivelina Shishkova, Rosen Dinkov, Danail D. Stratiev, Denis D. Stratiev, et al. "Empirical Modeling of Viscosities and Softening Points of Straight-Run Vacuum Residues from Different Origins and of Hydrocracked Unconverted Vacuum Residues Obtained in Different Conversions." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051755.
Full textAbstract:
The use of hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues in the production of road pavement bitumen requires a good understanding of how the viscosity and softening point can be modeled and controlled. Scientific reports on modeling of these rheological properties for hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues are scarce. For that reason, 30 straight-run vacuum residues and 33 hydrocracked vacuum residues obtained in a conversion range of 55–93% were investigated, and the characterization data were employed for modeling purposes. An intercriteria analysis was applied to investigate the statistically meaningful relations between the studied vacuum residue properties. It revealed that the straight-run and hydrocracked vacuum residues were completely different, and therefore their viscosity and softening point should be separately modeled. Through the use of nonlinear regression by applying CAS Maple and NLPSolve with the modified Newton iterative method and the vacuum residue bulk properties the viscosity and softening point were modeled. It was found that the straight-run vacuum residue viscosity was best modeled from the molecular weight and specific gravity, whereas the softening point was found to be best modeled from the molecular weight and C7-asphaltene content. The hydrocracked vacuum residue viscosity and softening point were modeled from a single property: the Conradson carbon content. The vacuum residue viscosity models developed in this work were found to allow prediction of the asphaltene content from the molecular weight and specific gravity with an average absolute relative error of 20.9%, which was lower of that of the model of Samie and Mortaheb (Fuel. 2021, 305, 121609)—32.6%.
9
Wang, Xiang-hong, Jian-hong Ke, Yi-zhuang Zhen, Ai Chen, and Yin-xiang Xu. "Study on properties of residue-residue contacts in protein." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE 5, no. 8 (August 2004): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0941.
Full text
10
Thongjun, Yupawan, Thiti Kaisone, Pran Hanthanon, Chanon Wiphanurat, Sumate Ouipanich, and Tarinee Nampitch. "Investigation of Thermoplastic Starch/Fiber Blend: Effect of Tapioca Residue on the Mechanical Properties and Surface Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.123.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to characterize thermoplastic starch containing corn starch and tapioca residues, which were used as reinforcement in a blended matrix. In the process, the composites were prepared with different tapioca residue contents at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 % by weight using compression molding at 135 °C for 8 min. Subsequently, their mechanical, thermal and morphology properties were evaluated. The results showed that the reinforcing effect of tapioca residue lead an increase in the stiffness of the samples. Young’s modulus increased with higher tapioca residue content. When the loading of tapioca residue increased tensile strength for 80/20 and 70/30 mixtures from 7.46 to 8.58 MPa. In addition to the highest of tapioca residue could increase tensile strength dramatically. Further, the glass transition temperature tended to decrease with the increased loading of tapioca residue. Moreover, the morphology showed that the increment of tapioca residue content appeared embedded in the polymer matrix.
11
Jalali, Mohsen, Maryam Saeedi Lotf, and Faranak Ranjbar. "Changes in some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils over time as affected by organic residues: An incubation study." Polish Journal of Soil Science 53, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) >12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) >11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) >9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.</p>
12
Kellenberger, Stephan, Muriel Auberson, Ivan Gautschi, Estelle Schneeberger, and Laurent Schild. "Permeability Properties of Enac Selectivity Filter Mutants." Journal of General Physiology 118, no. 6 (November 26, 2001): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.118.6.679.
Full textAbstract:
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), located in the apical membrane of tight epithelia, allows vectorial Na+ absorption. The amiloride-sensitive ENaC is highly selective for Na+ and Li+ ions. There is growing evidence that the short stretch of amino acid residues (preM2) preceding the putative second transmembrane domain M2 forms the outer channel pore with the amiloride binding site and the narrow ion-selective region of the pore. We have shown previously that mutations of the αS589 residue in the preM2 segment change the ion selectivity, making the channel permeant to K+ ions. To understand the molecular basis of this important change in ionic selectivity, we have substituted αS589 with amino acids of different sizes and physicochemical properties. Here, we show that the molecular cutoff of the channel pore for inorganic and organic cations increases with the size of the amino acid residue at position α589, indicating that αS589 mutations enlarge the pore at the selectivity filter. Mutants with an increased permeability to large cations show a decrease in the ENaC unitary conductance of small cations such as Na+ and Li+. These findings demonstrate the critical role of the pore size at the αS589 residue for the selectivity properties of ENaC. Our data are consistent with the main chain carbonyl oxygens of the αS589 residues lining the channel pore at the selectivity filter with their side chain pointing away from the pore lumen. We propose that the αS589 side chain is oriented toward the subunit–subunit interface and that substitution of αS589 by larger residues increases the pore diameter by adding extra volume at the subunit–subunit interface.
13
Bruch, Thomas vom, and Klaus-Heinrich Röhm. "Fluorescence Properties of Hog Kidney Aminoacylase I." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1988): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-9-1008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The state of the tryptophan residues of porcine kidney aminoacylase I (EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical modification. The pH-dependence of the fluorescence emission spectrum of the enzyme indicates that its native conformation prevails between pH 6 and 9.5. Within this range, the ionization of a residue with an apparent pKa of 7.1 quenches the enzyme fluorescence by about 15%. A similar reduction of fluorescence intensity accompanies the inactivation of aminoacylase I by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide in low excess. This suggests that in both cases a single tryptophyl residue out of eight residues per subunit is affected. Quenching by iodide revealed that, in the native conformation of the enzyme, 5-6 tryptophans per subunit are accessible, while 2-3 are buried within the protein. 8-Anilinonaphthalene- L-sulfonate (ANS) is tightly bound to aminoacylase I (1 mol/mol dimer, Kd < 1 μᴍ). ANS binding does not interfere with substrate turnover; the spectroscopic properties of the aminoacylase- ANS complex are consistent with bound ANS being excited by radiationless energy transfer (RET) from buried tryptophyl residues of the enzyme.
14
Mouratidis, Anastasios, and Panagiotis Nikolidakis. "Engineering Properties of Bauxite Residue." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150308.
Full text
15
Tay, Joo‐Hwa, and Anthony T. C. Goh. "Engineering Properties of Incinerator Residue." Journal of Environmental Engineering 117, no. 2 (March 1991): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1991)117:2(224).
Full text
16
Bezerra, Wendell Bruno Almeida, Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho, Artur Camposo Pereira, Sergio Neves Monteiro, M. T. Marvila, Maria Lucia Pereira Antunes, Jonas Alexandre, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, and Higor Azevedo Rocha. "Effect of the Incorporation of Marble Waste in the Properties of Clay Ceramic Bricks." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.250.
Full textAbstract:
Residues incorporation into construction building materials is a promising sustainable alternative for the correct disposal of this kind of material. Brazil is one of the largest world producers of ornamental stones. Nevertheless, the disposal of these residues usually is made outside the industry, which contributes to environmental pollution. This work aimed to evaluate the incorporation of residues from the marble industry into ceramic bricks. Specimens of clay ceramic containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% of marble residue were prepared and fired at 900oC. The evaluation of the ceramic bricks added with marble residue was based on linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical resistance. These properties were compared with Brazilian standards. It was concluded that the incorporation of marble residues, with up to 20 wt%, into the ceramic body is technically feasible and positively influences the properties of the material.
17
Sao, Prachi, Anupam Singh, and Sachidanand Singh. "Predicting Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Significant Amino-Acid Residues Using Residue-Residue Interaction Analysis." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 21, no. 4 (September 11, 2022): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v21i4.60281.
Full textAbstract:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune and inflammatory disease that requires restructuring. A lot of research information is available, but a clear etiology and drug target information is still unclear. A bottom-up approach can add more information to existing knowledge about RA. One better way of understanding the disease-related mechanism and drug objectives can be a detailed residue-residue interaction of the proteins involved with RA. In the current research work, we have studied the significant proteins reported in the Indian population that are involved in RA progression and have represented each of them as a complex network of amino acid residues to understand the significance of individual residues in the network. We implied the graph theory approach to identity central important residue, based on topological properties of the network. This approach allows us to look at a more precise method to identify potential drug targets. Our result identified leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan as essential nodes in the network, their activity was mainly connected with immune system. Understanding the function of these amino acids in CTLA4, CD40, IRF5, IL2RB, and TRAF could lead to a new treatment options in the fight against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 698-710
18
Bjelic, Dragana, Jelena Marinkovic, Branislava Tintor, Jordana Ninkov, Jovica Vasin, Milorad Zivanov, and Snezana Jaksic. "Possibility of using Bacillus and Trichoderma strains for decomposition of crop residues." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 138 (2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038051b.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using microbial strains as residue decomposers and to determine the effect of these strains on chemical and microbial properties in the residue-amended soil. Greenhouse experiment consisted of eight Bacillus treatments, three Trichoderma treatments, and their combination, all applied to non-sterile chernozem soil amended with wheat straw. Incorporation of wheat straw improved soil chemical and microbial properties, while the extent of residue decom?position under microbial strains was intensified. Microbial treatments significantly affected the soil pH, the content of carbonate, total carbon, soil organic carbon, humus, and available phosphorus and potassium. Bacterial and fungal treatments also significantly influenced the total microbial number, ammonifiers, N2-fixers, fungi, actinomycetes, oligotrophs, copiotrophs, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The effect of microbial treatments varied depending on the applied strains and examined properties, with Bacillus strains being more promising residue decomposers compared to Trichoderma strains. The most effective microbial strains could be used as potential decomposers of crop residues.
19
Parrish, Jonathan C., J. Guy Guillemette, and Carmichael JA Wallace. "A tale of two charges: Distinct roles for an acidic and a basic amino acid in the structure and function of cytochrome c." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o00-083.
Full textAbstract:
Cytochrome c is a small electron transport protein found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. As it interacts with a number of different physiological partners in a specific fashion, its structure varies little over eukaryotic evolutionary history. Two highly conserved residues found within its sequence are those at positions 13 and 90 (numbering is based on the standard horse cytochrome c); with single exceptions, residue 13 is either Lys or Arg, and residue 90 is either Glu or Asp. There have been conflicting views on the roles to be ascribed to these residues, particularly residue 13, so the functional properties of a number of site-directed mutants of Saccaromyces cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c have been examined. Results indicate that the two residues do not interact specifically with each other; however, residue 13 (Arg) is likely to be involved in interactions between cytochrome c and other electro statically oriented physiological partners (intermolecular), whereas residue 90 (Asp) is involved in maintaining the intrinsic structure and stability of cytochrome c (intramolecular). This is supported by molecular dynamics simulations carried out for these mutants where removal of the negative charge at position 90 leads to significant shifts in the conformations of neighboring residues, particularly lysine 86. Both charged residues appear to exert their effects through electrostatics; however, biological activity is significantly more sensitive to substitutions of residue 13 than of residue 90.Key words: cytochrome c, structure-function studies, molecular modelling, surface electrostatics.
20
Thapa, Bibek, Keshab Raj Pande, Baburam Khanal, and Santosh Marahatta. "Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i2.20433.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168
21
Guedes, Cristina das Graças Fassina, and Derval dos Santos Rosa. "Recycling of Industrial Polyurethane Residue and the Characterisation of its Properties." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060201800103.
Full textAbstract:
The globalisation process has forced manufacturers to produce higher quality products with less environmental hazard. The newly developed industrial products produce residues, which pose challenges for recycling. In this work, we present the mechanical recycling of the industrial polyurethane residues incorporated in different proportions with polyurethane resins. Effect of temperature in the process and proportion of residues were considered for the process development. The products obtained in different proportions (weight of new resin: weight of residue) 1:4, 1:8, 1:12.5, 1:20 have been characterised by mechanical properties, resistance to abrasion and hardness which are required for the possible applications of the developed product.
22
Carrillo-Parra, Artemio, Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo, Marín Pompa-García, Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz, José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones, Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco, and Maginot Ngangyo-Heya. "Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 6383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186383.
Full textAbstract:
The need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross calorific value and could help countries meet their energy demands. However, information concerning physical, mechanical, and energy characteristics of agro-pellets made from mixtures of oil palm residue with pine sawdust, is not available. In this research, oil palm residues were mixed at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with pine sawdust, and were chemically analyzed. Agro-pellets from mixtures were tested on their physical and mechanical properties, and the relationship of these properties with the chemical composition of oil palm residue mixtures was determined. Normality distribution tests of the variables were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normal variables were analyzed through one-way ANOVA tests. When differences were found, they were validated using the Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Data not normally distributed were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bulk density, particle density, and gross calorific value of agro-pellets (from mixing 80:20 oil palm residues with pine sawdust) were statistically higher (p < 0.05) to agro-pellets of 100% oil palm residues. Adding pine sawdust to oil palm residues increases some mechanical agro-pellet properties. Addition of pine sawdust to oil palm residues acts to increase some mechanical properties of agro-pellets.
23
Chen, Kuan-Hsi, and Yuh-Jyh Hu. "Residue–Residue Interaction Prediction via Stacked Meta-Learning." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126393.
Full textAbstract:
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the basis of most biological functions determined by residue–residue interactions (RRIs). Predicting residue pairs responsible for the interaction is crucial for understanding the cause of a disease and drug design. Computational approaches that considered inexpensive and faster solutions for RRI prediction have been widely used to predict protein interfaces for further analysis. This study presents RRI-Meta, an ensemble meta-learning-based method for RRI prediction. Its hierarchical learning structure comprises four base classifiers and one meta-classifier to integrate predictive strengths from different classifiers. It considers multiple feature types, including sequence-, structure-, and neighbor-based features, for characterizing other properties of a residue interaction environment to better distinguish between noninteracting and interacting residues. We conducted the same experiments using the same data as previously reported in the literature to demonstrate RRI-Meta’s performance. Experimental results show that RRI-Meta is superior to several current prediction tools. Additionally, to analyze the factors that affect the performance of RRI-Meta, we conducted a comparative case study using different protein complexes.
24
Kosutic, Milenko, Jelena Filipovic, Zvonko Njezic, Vladimir Filipovic, Vladimir Filipovic, and Bojana Blagojevic. "Flakes product supplemented with sunflower and dry residues of wild oregano." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2017): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160413036k.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the effects of simultaneous addition of sunflower (3, 6 or 9 g/100 g of sample) and dry residue of wild oregano (0.5 or 1 of sample), on the physical texture and chemical properties of corn flakes to obtain new products with altered nutritional properties. The chemometric analysis pointed at the versatile beneficial contributions of sunflower in corn flakes enriched with dry residue of wild oregano enabling the optimization of corn flakes formula. The presented data point that addition of milled sunflower in investigated corn flakes products improved nutritive properties while addition of dry residue of wild oregano improved physical characteristics of corn flakes products. Regarding quality (sample CF11, score value of 0.59) maximum scores have been obtained with the addition of 6 g/100 g of sunflower and 1 g/100 g of dry residue of wild oregano per 100 g of sample for corn flakes formulation. Production of corn flakes with addition of wild oregano residues contributed to the food waste valorisation in the food industry.
25
Higashikawa, Fábio Satoshi, Carlos Alberto Silva, and Wagner Bettiol. "Chemical and physical properties of organic residues." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 5 (October 2010): 1742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000500026.
Full textAbstract:
Due to human activity, large amounts of organic residue are generated daily. Therefore, an adequate use in agricultural activities requires the characterization of the main properties. The chemical and physical characterization is important when planning the use and management of organic residue. In this study, chemical and physical properties of charcoal, coffee husk, pine-bark, cattle manure, chicken manure, coconut fiber, sewage sludge, peat, and vermiculite were determined. The following properties were analyzed: N-NH4+, N-N0(3)-, and total concentrations of N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B, as well as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and bulk density. Coffee husk, sewage sludge, chicken manure and cattle manure were generally richer in nutrients. The EC values of these residues were also the highest (0.08 - 40.6 dS m-1). Peat and sewage sludge had the highest bulky density. Sodium contents varied from 0 to 4.75 g kg-1, with the highest levels in chicken manure, cattle manure and sewage sludge. Great care must be taken when establishing proportions of organic residues in the production of substrates with coffee husk, cattle or chicken manure or sewage sludge in the calculation of the applied fertilizer quantity in crop fertilization programs.
26
Liu, Shaqian, Rui Yang, Chunlan Hou, Jiarui Guo, and Juebing Ma. "Effects of the Decomposition of Mixed Plant Residues in Ecological Tea Garden Soil." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112717.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: Plant litter decomposition and its effect on soil nutrients are important parts of the ecosystem material cycle, and understanding these processes is key for species selection and allocation, to promote the effective use of litter in ecological tea gardens. (2) Methods: In situ decomposition was used in this study Changes in decomposition rate, element release, and soil properties during the decomposition of the mixed plant residues were measured. (3) Results: The decomposition rate (k) of the CCG (Camellia sinensis + Cinnamomum glanduliferum) mixed plant residue was significantly higher than that of the CS (Camellia sinensis) residue. The decomposition of the CCG, CPM (C. sinensis + Pinus massoniana), and CBL (C. sinensis + Betula luminifera) mixed plant residues showed an additive effect, whereas that of the CCL residue showed an antagonistic effect. The CBL mixed plant residue promoted the release of N; the decomposition of the CCG, CPM, CCL (C. sinensis + Cunninghamia lanceolata), and CBL residues promoted the release of TC (total carbon); and the decomposition of the CCG residue promoted the release of cellulose. After 428 d of decomposition, the four mixed plant residues had improved the soil nutrient contents to some extent. CCG and CBL residue decomposition resulted in greater improvements in soil nutrients. (4) Conclusions: The application of the mixture of material obtained by pruning C. glanduliferum, B. luminifera, and C. sinensis in an ecological tea garden accelerated the decomposition and nutrient release rates, increased soil nutrient contents, shortened the decomposition turnover period of plant residues, and accelerated the nutrient cycle of plant residues in the ecological tea garden.
27
Babisk, Michelle Pereira, Thalissa Pizetta Altoé, Henrique Junio de Oliveira Lopes, Ulisses Soares do Prado, Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli, Sergio Neves Monteiro, and Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira. "Properties of Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Red Mud." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.509.
Full textAbstract:
The red mud is a well known insoluble residue generated in the Bayer process to benefit bauxite ores. This residue is composed of ceramic related compounds such as iron oxide, sodium aluminum silicates, carbonates, calcium aluminates and titanium dioxide. The incorporation of industrial residues in clay ceramics has been extensively investigated, not only as an environmentally correct solution but also as an economic way to save raw materials. Therefore, the present work evaluated the properties of clay ceramics incorporated with up to 40 wt% of red mud. Clay bodies with different percentages of red mud were press-molded and fired at 750, 950 and 1050°C. The evaluated technological properties were linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical strength. Sensible changes in such properties were found with red mud addition. In particular, the ceramic fired at 1050°C displayed favorable water absorption with red mud incorporation.
28
Makavana, J. M., V. V. Agravat, P. R. Balas, P. J. Makwana, and V. G. Vyas. "Engineering Properties of Various Agricultural Residue." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 06 (June 2018): 2362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.282.
Full text
29
Kramer, Kenneth. "Residue properties of certain quadratic units." Journal of Number Theory 21, no. 2 (October 1985): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-314x(85)90051-4.
Full text
30
Andrews, Brian, Shuting Zhang, Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner, and Brigita Urbanc. "Glycine in Water Favors the Polyproline II State." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081121.
Full textAbstract:
Conformational preferences of amino acid residues in water are determined by the backbone and side-chain properties. Alanine is known for its high polyproline II (pPII) propensity. The question of relative contributions of the backbone and side chain to the conformational preferences of alanine and other amino acid residues in water is not fully resolved. Because glycine lacks a heavy-atom side chain, glycine-based peptides can be used to examine to which extent the backbone properties affect the conformational space. Here, we use published spectroscopic data for the central glycine residue of cationic triglycine in water to demonstrate that its conformational space is dominated by the pPII state. We assess three commonly used molecular dynamics (MD) force fields with respect to their ability to capture the conformational preferences of the central glycine residue in triglycine. We show that pPII is the mesostate that enables the functional backbone groups of the central residue to form the most hydrogen bonds with water. Our results indicate that the pPII propensity of the central glycine in GGG is comparable to that of alanine in GAG, implying that the water-backbone hydrogen bonding is responsible for the high pPII content of these residues.
31
Zhang, Dongliang, Qi Zhang, Xiaoya Liang, Xing Pang, and Yulong Zhao. "Defects Produced during Wet Transfer Affect the Electrical Properties of Graphene." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020227.
Full textAbstract:
Graphene has been widely used due to its excellent electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. Defects produced during its transfer process will seriously affect the performance of graphene devices. In this paper, single-layer graphene was transferred onto glass and silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrates by wet transfer technology, and the square resistances thereof were tested. Due to the different binding forces of the transferred graphene surfaces, there may have been pollutants present. PMMA residues, graphene laminations and other defects that occurred in the wet transfer process were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. These defects influenced the square resistance of the produced graphene films, and of these defects, PMMA residue was the most influential; square resistance increased with increasing PMMA residue.
32
Araújo Caetano, André Luiz, Manoel da Cruz Barbosa Neto, Verônica Cavalcanti Marques, Daniel A. de Macedo, Heber Sivini Ferreira, and Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna Dutra. "Residue Characterization from Polishing Granite Submitted to the Hydrocycloning Process." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.584.
Full textAbstract:
The waste generated in granite processing has caused great social and environmental concern due to the release of its solid effluents into landfills and other places. The recycling and reuse of waste from different industrial processes as new raw materials has been the object of various researches. The use of hydrocyclone in the treatment of residues can represent a very efficient tool for separation and purification of the granite residue. This work aims to characterize and analyse the technological properties of the granite sawdust residues submitted to the hydrocyclone process in comparison with the same residue without going through the hydrocyclone process. The results indicate that the material resulting from this process presented different characteristics from the material without the process, mainly in terms of granulometric distribution and technological properties.
33
Cazes, M., Christian Pizzetti, Jerome Daviot, Philippe Garnier, Lucile Broussous, Laurence Gabette, and Pascal Besson. "Customized Chemical Compositions Adaptable for Cleaning Virtually all Post-Etch Residues." Solid State Phenomena 282 (August 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.282.121.
Full textAbstract:
A post-etch residue cleaning formulation, based on balancing the aggressiveness of hydrofluoric acid with its well-known residue removal properties is introduced. In a series of investigations originally motivated by the cleaning challenge provided by high-k dielectric-based residues, a formulation platform is developed that successfully cleans residues resulting from the plasma patterning of tantalum oxide and similar materials while maintaining metal and dielectric compatibility. It is further shown that the fundamental advantages of this solution can be extended to the cleaning of other, more traditional post-etch residues, with no sacrifice in compatibility, as demonstrated by measurements on blanket films and through SEM data.
34
Lupwayi, Newton Z., and Yoong K. Soon. "Soil microbial properties during decomposition of pulse crop and legume green manure residues in three consecutive subsequent crops." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2016-0039.
Full textAbstract:
Crop residue decomposition not only is mainly driven by, but also affects, soil microorganisms. However, soil microbial responses to legume crops are usually studied only in one subsequent crop. We compared the soil microbial effects of pea (Pisum sativa L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) pulse crops (grown for seed) with faba green manure (GM) and chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.) GM crops in three subsequent crops. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC), β-glucosidase enzyme activity, and bacterial physiological (C substrate utilization) diversity were measured in the summer (rhizosphere and bulk soil) and fall (bulk soil) in all subsequent crops: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Residues of faba bean (grown for GM, herein called faba GM, or for seed, herein called faba bean) usually resulted in the most soil MBC and β-glucosidase activity relative to the other residues. Faba and vetch GM residues increased bulk soil MBC or β-glucosidase enzyme activity more than pulse crop residues in the first and (or) third subsequent crops. Soil MBC and β-glucosidase activities were often positively correlated with initial crop residue N concentrations and negatively correlated with initial C:N ratios or C concentrations. Bacterial physiological diversity was the least responsive to crop residues and was affected differently by sampling time. β-Glucosidase activity was always greater in the fall after crop harvest than in summer. Therefore, β-glucosidase activity was a more sensitive and consistent biological indicator of crop residue effects, and perhaps soil health, than MBC or bacterial physiological diversity.
35
Kaur, Ramanpreet, Simerjeet Kaur, Jasdev Singh Deol, Rajni Sharma, Tarundeep Kaur, Ajmer Singh Brar, and Om Parkash Choudhary. "Soil Properties and Weed Dynamics in Wheat as Affected by Rice Residue Management in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System in South Asia: A Review." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050953.
Full textAbstract:
The rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) has substantially contributed in making India self-sufficient in food grain production; however, rice residue management is of great concern, threatening the sustainability of this system. Rice residue is invariably disposed of by farmers through open burning. In addition to environmental pollution, residue burning of rice also leads to loss of soil nutrients. One of the alternatives to overcome these problems and sustain the RWCS is managing the rice residues in the field itself. Rice residue retention has variable effects on agricultural pests (namely, weeds, insect pests, diseases, and rodents) in the RWCS. High weed infestation in the RWCS results in high consumption of herbicides, which leads to several ecological problems and evolution of herbicide resistance. The shift from intensive tillage to conservation tillage causes major changes in weed dynamics and herbicide efficacy. Incorporation of rice residue reduces weed density and helps in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Rice residue retention on the surface or mulching reduces weed density and the biomass of both grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat crop as compared to its removal. Long-term field studies involving the use of rice residue as a component of integrated weed management strategies are needed to be done in the RWCS.
36
de Azevedo, Afonso Rangel Garcez, Markssuel Teixeira Marvila, Laimara da Silva Barroso, Euzébio Bernabé Zanelato, Jonas Alexandre, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Effect of Granite Residue Incorporation on the Behavior of Mortars." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091449.
Full textAbstract:
Civil construction is one of the most resource-consuming sectors in the world. For this reason, the last years have witnessed the study of reusing industrial residues in building materials. The ornamental stone processing industry has a considerable environmental liability related to residue generation during the cutting stages of granite blocks. The objective of this work is to analyze the viability of incorporating granite residues, up to 100%, to substitute sand in coating mortars for building construction. Mortars without residue, as control, and incorporated with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of granite residue were subjected to consistency tests, incorporated air and water retention together with the rheological characterization using the squeeze-flow and the dropping-ball methods. The results show that mortars with 40% granite residues presented greater plastic deformation, helping their applicability by also presenting improved technological properties in the fresh state.
37
He, Hao, and Yong Yang. "Computational Prediction of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Based on Protein Sequences and Convolutional Neural Networks." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4455604.
Full textAbstract:
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) possess at least one region that lacks a single stable structure in vivo, which makes them play an important role in a variety of biological functions. We propose a prediction method for IDPs based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and feature selection. The combination of sequence and evolutionary properties is used to describe the differences between disordered and ordered regions. Especially, to highlight the correlation between the target residue and adjacent residues, multiple windows are selected to preprocess the protein sequence through the selected properties. The shorter windows reflect the characteristics of the central residue, and the longer windows reflect the characteristics of the surroundings around the central residue. Moreover, to highlight the specificity of sequence and evolutionary properties, they are preprocessed, respectively. After that, the preprocessed properties are combined into feature matrices as the input of the constructed CNN. Our method is training as well as testing based on the DisProt database. The simulation results show that the proposed method can predict IDPs effectively, and the performance is competitive in comparison with IsUnstruct and ESpritz.
38
Worrall, Jonathan A. R., Ben F. Luisi, Beatrix G. Schlarb-Ridley, Derek S. Bendall, and Christopher J. Howe. "Cytochrome c6A: discovery, structure and properties responsible for its low haem redox potential." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361175.
Full textAbstract:
Cytochrome c6A is a unique dithio-cytochrome of green algae and plants. It has a very similar core structure to that of bacterial and algal cytochromes c6, but is unable to fulfil the same function of transferring electrons from cytochrome f to Photosystem I. A key feature of cytochrome c6A is that its haem midpoint potential is more than 200 mV below that of cytochrome c6 (Em≈+340 mV) despite both cytochromes having histidine and methionine residues as axial haem-iron ligands. One salient difference between the haem pockets is that a valine residue in cytochrome c6A replaces a highly conserved glutamine residue in cytochrome c6. This difference has been probed using site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography and protein film voltammetry studies. It has been found that the stereochemistry of the glutamine residue within the haem pocket has a destabilizing effect and is responsible for tuning the haem's midpoint potential by over 100 mV. This large effect may have contributed to the evolution of a new biological function for cytochrome c6A.
39
Parkhomchuk, E. V., K. V. Fedotov, A. I. Lysikov, A. V. Polykhin, E. E. Vorobyeva, I. A. Shamanaeva, N. N. San’kova, et al. "A technology for multifunctional hydroprocessing of oil residues (vacuum residue and atmospheric residue) on the catalysts with hierarchical porosity." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 21, no. 5 (September 21, 2021): 331–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2021-5-331-360.
Full textAbstract:
A technology for catalytic hydroprocessing of oil residues – atmospheric residue and vacuum residue – aimed to obtain high value added petrochemicals, particularly marine fuel complying with modern technical and environmental requirements, is reported. The technologyis based on the use of catalysts supported on alumina with a hierarchical structure of meso- and macropores, which are highly active and stable under severe conditions of the process. Data obtained by physicochemical analysis of the chemical composition, textural and phase properties of fresh and spent catalysts for the three-step hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue and vacuum residue are presented. A material balance for each step of the processes and a comprehensive analysis of the properties of produced petrochemicals were used to propose variants of implementing and integrating the technology at Russian oil refineries in order to increase the profit from oil refining. The introduction of the hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue at oil refineries without secondary processes will improve the economic efficiency due to selling the atmospheric residue by 84–170 % depending on a chosen scheme of the process and a required set of products. It is reasonable to integrate the catalytic hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the delayed coking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes in order to increase the depth of refining to 95 % and extend the production of marketable oil refining products: gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel with the sulfur content below 0.5 %, and low-sulfur refinery coke for the electrode industry. The integration of the hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the secondary processes will increase the economic efficiency from selling the vacuum residue by a factor of 2–2.5 in comparison with its production in delayed coking units.
40
Freeman, C., and J. J. Hopwood. "Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties." Biochemical Journal 246, no. 2 (September 1, 1987): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2460355.
Full textAbstract:
Kinetic parameters (Km and kcat.) of the two major forms (A and B) and a minor form (C) of human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase [Freeman, Clements & Hopwood (1987) Biochem. J. 246, 347-354] were determined with a variety of substrates matching structural aspects of the physiological substrates in vivo, namely heparin, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate. Enzyme activity is highly specific towards glucosamine 6-sulphate or glucose 6-sulphate residues. More structurally complex substrates, in which several aspects of the aglycone structure of the natural substrate were maintained, are hydrolysed with catalytic efficiencies up to 3900 times above that observed for the monosaccharide substrate N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate. Forms A and B both desulphate substrates derived from keratan sulphate and heparin. Aglycone structures that influence substrate binding and/or enzyme activity were penultimate-residue 6-carboxy and 2-sulphate ester groups for heparin-derived substrates and penultimate-residue 6-sulphate ester groups for keratan sulphate-derived substrates. The 4-hydroxy group of the N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate or the 2-sulphaminoglucosamine 6-sulphate under enzymic attack is involved in the catalytic mechanism. The presence of a 2-amino group in place of a 2-acetamido or a 2-sulphoamino group considerably decreases the catalytic efficiency of the sulphatase, particularly in the absence of a penultimate-aglycone-residue 6-carboxy group. Both forms A and B are exo-enzymes, since activity towards internal sulphate ester bonds was not observed. The effect of incubation pH on enzyme activity towards the variety of substrates evaluated was complex and dependent on substrate aglycone structure. The presence of aglycone 2-sulphate ester, 6-carboxy group and 6-sulphate ester groups on the glucosamine 6-sulphate residue under attack considerably affects the pH response. Sulphate and phosphate ions are potent inhibitors of enzyme activity.
41
HE, Qing-Yu, Anne B. MASON, Barbara A. LYONS, Beatrice M. TAM, Vinh NGUYEN, Ross T. A. MACGILLIVRAY, and Robert C. WOODWORTH. "Spectral and metal-binding properties of three single-point tryptophan mutants of the human transferrin N-lobe." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 2 (February 22, 2001): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540423.
Full textAbstract:
Human serum transferrin N-lobe (hTF/2N) contains three conserved tryptophan residues, Trp8, Trp128 and Trp264, located in three different environments. The present report addresses the different contributions of the three tryptophan residues to the UV–visible, fluorescence and NMR spectra of hTF/2N and the effect of the mutations at each tryptophan residue on the iron-binding properties of the protein. Trp8 resides in a hydrophobic box containing a cluster of three phenylalanine side chains and is H bonded through the indole N to an adjacent water cluster lying between two β-sheets containing Trp8 and Lys296 respectively. The fluorescence of Trp8 may be quenched by the benzene rings. The apparent increase in the rate of iron release from the Trp8→Tyr mutant could be due to the interference of the mutation with the H-bond linkage resulting in an effect on the second shell network. The partial quenching in the fluorescence of Trp128 results from the nearby His119 residue. Difference-fluorescence spectra reveal that any protein containing Trp128 shows a blue shift upon binding metal ion, and the NMR signal of Trp128 broadens out and disappears upon the binding of paramagnetic metals to the protein. These data imply that Trp128 is a major fluorescent and NMR reporter group for metal binding, and possibly for cleft closure in hTF/2N. Trp264 is located on the surface of the protein and does not connect to any functional residues. This explains the facts that Trp264 is the major contributor to both the absorbance and fluorescence spectra, has a strong NMR signal and the mutation at Trp264 has little effect on the iron-binding and release behaviours of the protein.
42
Hiwale, Vishal. "Different Agricultural Wastes as Substrates for Growth and Production of Pleurotus florida." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38521.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The present study was done impact of agricultural wastes on growth and production by oyster mushrooms i.e., Pleurotus florida which have a rich source of protein and also has important medicinal properties. The yield and Biological efficiency of different lignocellulosic agricultural wastes viz. Wheat straw, Maize leaves, Cob leaves, Jawar residue, Bajra residue, Bamboo leaves, Paddy straw, Sugarcane, Cotton, Soyabean, Safflower (Pods residue), Pigeon pea (Pods residue), Mung bean (Pods residue), Cowpea (Pods residue). the paddy straw showed the highest yield 892.25 gm with the highest biological efficiency 89.09 % followed by Cowpea pods residue gives 879.65 gm yield of Pleurotus florida and shows biological efficiency of 87.72%, followed by Wheat straw substrate showed 871.18 gm yields with 87.27 % biological efficiency. The Pigeon pea pod residue showed 865.85 gm yield during three harvestings having 86.36% biological efficiency. Similar result was seen Bajra residue and soybean pod residue in bajra residue showed 792.45gm yield during three harvestings having 79.245% biological efficiency, in soybean pod residue showed 791.63 gm yield during three harvestings having 79.163 % biological efficiency. The lowest yield was seen in Bamboo leaves and cotton residues. In cotton residue substrate 433.22 gm total yield along with 43.32% biological efficiency, Bamboo leaves substrate total yield were seen 438.12gm with 43.81 % biological efficacy. Keywords: Pleurotus florida, Agricultural waste, Substrates, Biological efficiency
43
Lu, Zhao, Ho, Ma, Xie, and Chen. "Biorefining and the Functional Properties of Proteins from Lipid and Pigment Extract Residue of Chlorella pyrenoidosa." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080454.
Full textAbstract:
Microalgae are considered as excellent candidates for bioactive compounds, yet microalgal residues remaining after the extraction of one or two compounds are usually discarded, which is not economical. This study demonstrates the alkaline extraction of proteins from Chlorella pyrenoidosa residue after lipid and pigment extractions, and their functional properties. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to obtain the optimal conditions for protein extraction. Based on our results, a maximum protein yield of 722.70 mg/g, was obtained under the following extraction conditions: sodium hydroxide concentration 7.90%, extraction temperature 70.00 °C, extraction time 34.80 min, and microalgal residue concentration 8.20 mg/mL. The molecular weight of microalgal residue protein isolate (MRPI) was mainly distributed at the regions of 0.18–0.50 kDa, 0.50–1.50 kDa, and 1.50–5.00 kDa. The essential amino acid content was greater than the values recommended by FAO/WHO standards; a high essential amino acid index value (1.49) was another good indication that MRPI is suitable for human consumption. Moreover, MRPI exhibited excellent emulsifying properties and antioxidant activity, which suggests it may be useful as an emulsifying agent and antioxidant. These findings could improve the extraction methods of functional protein from microalgal residue and add value to microalgae-based bioactive compound production processes.
44
Fraser, Clementine S., Oscar Rubio-Cabezas, Jennifer A. Littlechild, Sian Ellard, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Sarah E. Flanagan. "Amino acid properties may be useful in predicting clinical outcome in patients with Kir6.2 neonatal diabetes." European Journal of Endocrinology 167, no. 3 (September 2012): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0227.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundMutations in the KCNJ11 gene, which encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the β-cell KATP channel, are a common cause of neonatal diabetes. The diabetes may be permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) or transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), and in ∼20% of patients, neurological features are observed. A correlation between the position of the mutation in the protein and the clinical phenotype has previously been described; however, recently, this association has become less distinct with different mutations at the same residues now reported in patients with different diabetic and/or neurological phenotypes.MethodsWe identified from the literature, and our unpublished series, KCNJ11 mutations that affected residues harbouring various amino acid substitutions (AAS) causing differences in diabetic or neurological status. Using the Grantham amino acid scoring system, we investigated whether the difference in properties between the wild-type and the different AAS at the same residue could predict phenotypic severity.ResultsPair-wise analysis demonstrated higher Grantham scores for mutations causing PNDM or diabetes with neurological features when compared with mutations affecting the same residue that causes TNDM (P=0.013) or diabetes without neurological features (P=0.016) respectively. In just five of the 25 pair-wise analyses, a lower Grantham score was observed for the more severe phenotype. In each case, the wild-type residue was glycine, the simplest amino acid.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of the specific AAS in determining phenotype and highlights the potential utility of the Grantham score for predicting phenotypic severity for novel KCNJ11 mutations affecting previously mutated residues.
45
Islam, A. K. M. Saiful, M. A. Saleque, M. M. Hossain, and A. K. M. Aminul Islam. "Effect of Conservation Tillage on Soil Chemical Properties in Rice-Maize Cropping System." Agriculturists 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26589.
Full textAbstract:
Soil organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition of rice-maize cropping systems are important for sustaining crop productivity and food security. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of tillage practices and residue retention on soil chemical properties in rice-maize cropping system. Conventional tillage, single pass wet tillage in rice (rotated with zero tillage in maize), bed planting (unpuddled rice transplanting) and strip tillage (unpuddled rice transplanting) in vertical plots and residue retention (0, 50 and 100%) in horizontal plot were tested for three consecutive years (2009-12). Rice was grown as transplanted irrigated crop and maize as upland crop. After third crop, strip tillage increased soil organic matter compared to bed and zero tillage at 07.5 cm soil depth. After three years, retention of crop residues, irrespective of tillage treatments, increased soil organic matter (SOM) at 7.515.0 cm soil depth. Tillage practices (puddled or unpudled) showed no significant changes in SOM. Neither tillage nor residue management had any significant effect on soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26589The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 62-73
46
Ullah, Raza, Zubair Aslam, Houneida Attia, Khawar Sultan, Khalid H. Alamer, Muhammad Zeeshan Mansha, Ashwaq T. Althobaiti, Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry, Badreyah Algethami, and Qamar uz Zaman. "Sorghum Allelopathy: Alternative Weed Management Strategy and Its Impact on Mung Bean Productivity and Soil Rhizosphere Properties." Life 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091359.
Full textAbstract:
The reduction of herbicide use and herbicide-resistant weeds through allelopathy can be a sustainable strategy to combat the concerns of environmental degradation. Allelopathic crop residues carry great potential both as weed suppressers and soil quality enhancers. The influence of sorghum crop residues and water extracts on the weed population, soil enzyme activities, the microbial community, and mung bean crop productivity was investigated in a two-year experiment at the Student Research Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The experimental treatments comprised two levels of sorghum water extract (10 and 20 L ha−1) and two residue application rates (4 and 6 t ha−1), and no sorghum water extract and residues were used as the control. The results indicated that the incorporation of sorghum water extract and residue resulted in significant changes in weed dynamics and the soil quality indices. Significant reduction in weed density (62%) and in the dry weight of weeds (65%) was observed in T5. After the harvest, better soil quality indices in terms of the microbial population (72–90%) and microbial activity (32–50%) were observed in the rhizosphere (0–15 cm) by the same treatment. After cropping, improved soil properties in terms of available potassium, available phosphorus soil organic matter, and total nitrogen were higher after the treatment of residue was incorporated, i.e., 52–65%, 29–45%, 62–84%, and 59–91%, respectively. In the case of soil enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase levels in the soil were 35–41% and 52–77% higher, respectively. However, residue incorporation at 6 t ha−1 had the greatest effect in improving the soil quality indices, mung bean productivity, and reduction of weed density. In conclusion, the incorporation of 6 t ha−1 sorghum residues may be opted to improve soil quality indices, suppress weeds, harvest a better seed yield (37%), and achieve higher profitability (306 $ ha−1) by weed suppression, yield, and rhizospheric properties of spring-planted mung beans. This strategy can provide a probable substitute for instigating sustainable weed control and significant improvement of soil properties in the mung bean crop, which can be a part of eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture.
47
Xiao, Li Guang, Rui Bo Li, Shi Ting Zhang, and Hong Liang Hu. "Effects of Calcium Carbide Sludge on Properties of Steam Curing Brick Prepared by Extracted Aluminum Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1516.
Full textAbstract:
Because the fly ash will produce large amounts of the secondary waste emission after the extraction of aluminum, the utilization of the fly ash residue after the extraction of aluminum has great significance. The autoclaved fly ash bricks studied in this paper use CFB ash residue after extraction of aluminum as the main material, and calcium carbide clay which consists mainly of calcium hydroxide is the waste residua of the production of acetylene gas in the chemical plants. This paper analyzes the chemical composition, the mineral composition and the microstructure of the fly ash residue after extraction of aluminum. In the paper, we also study the law and impacts of compressive strength, flexural strength, frost resistance and water absorption, which are made by calcium carbide clay for the autoclaved fly ash bricks. Experimental results illustrate that calcium carbide clay can significantly improve the compressive strength, the flexural strength and the frost resistance of the coal fly ash autoclaved bricks, and significantly reduce its water absorption.
48
PERRET, Jason, Mélanie VAN CRAENENBROECK, Ingrid LANGER, Pascale VERTONGEN, Françoise GREGOIRE, Patrick ROBBERECHT, and Magali WAELBROECK. "Mutational analysis of the glucagon receptor: similarities with the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)/secretin receptors for recognition of the ligand's third residue." Biochemical Journal 362, no. 2 (February 22, 2002): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3620389.
Full textAbstract:
Receptor recognition by the Asp3 residues of vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin requires the presence of a lysine residue close to the second transmembrane helix (TM2)/first extracellular loop junction and an ionic bond with an arginine residue in TM2. We tested whether the glucagon Gln3 residue recognizes the equivalent positions in its receptor. Our data revealed that the binding and functional properties of the wild-type glucagon receptor and the K188R mutant were not significantly different, whereas all agonists had markedly lower potencies and affinities at the I195K mutated receptor. In contrast, glucagon was less potent and the Asp3-, Asn3- and Glu3-glucagon mutants were more potent and efficient at the double-mutated K188R/I195K receptor. Furthermore, these alterations were selective for position 3 of glucagon, as shown by the functional properties of the mutant Glu9- and Lys15-glucagon. Our results suggest that although the Gln3 residue of glucagon did not interact with the equivalent binding pocket as the Asp3 residue of vasoactive intestinal peptide or secretin, the Asp3-glucagon analogue was able to interact with position 188 of the K188R/I195K glucagon receptor. Nevertheless, the Gln3 side chain of glucagon probably binds very close to this region in the wild-type receptor.
49
dos Santos, Diogo Pereira, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, Jonas Alexandre, Dylmar Penteado Dias, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Influence of Glass Residue Addition on the Properties of Adhesive Mortar." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.158.
Full textAbstract:
The use of glass residue as a finely ground mineral additive, in partial replacement of cement and aggregates, is a promising direction for recycling. This work aimed to analyze the influence of residues from the glass cutting process on adhesive mortar, as partial replacement of cement and small aggregates. The powdered glass was used in amounts of 10, 15 and 20 wt% in substitution for Portland cement and, in another moment, in substitution for small aggregates. It was verified that the substitution enhances the adhesion resistance of the mortar with increasing curing temperature.
50
Abdul Ghafar, S., M. N. Mohd Warid, and N. Abdul Hassan. "Effect of emulsifier on physical properties of cup lump modified emulsified bitumen residues." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The improvement of physical properties of emulsified bitumen residues is the prime concern for researchers to improve the performance of cold mix asphalt and different types of polymers are incorporated in emulsified bitumen for this purpose. However, the bitumen emulsion is usually prepared with the help of emulsifier and the function of emulsifier in the emulsions is to reduce the interfacial tension on the surfaces of bitumen and water droplets which results in a stable droplets suspension system for a sufficient period of time. Despite using it as an emulsifying agent, the impact of emulsifier on physical and rheological properties of bitumen emulsion’s residues is never studied before. In this study, different types of bitumen with pen 80/100, 60/70 and Cup lump rubber (CLR) modified bitumen were emulsified at 0.5%, 1% and 6.5% emulsifier (Redicote-EM44) content respectively. Physical tests such as penetration, softening point and viscosity were carried out on bitumen residues to investigate the effect of emulsifier. The results indicate that the emulsifier enhances the physical properties of bitumen emulsion residues. The resistance to penetration was improved up to 20% and 16% for the bitumen emulsion residues of 80/100 and 60/70 respectively while it had adverse effect on penetration value of CLR residue resulting in a decreased performance up to 19%. The effect of emulsifier on softening point was not remarkable but has improved SPV of 80/100 and 60/70 bitumen residues whereas the values decreased for CLR bitumen residue. The viscosity results were with better agreement of penetration and softening point results.