Relevant bibliographies by topics / Residue properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Residue properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Residue properties"

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Brownlee, D. E., and J. Bradley. "Meteoroid residue in craters from earth orbiting spacecraft." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133242.

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The extraterrestrial meteoroid residue found lining impact craters in metal targets recovered from space is highly variable in both quantity and type. In typical craters only a minor amount of reside is found and for these craters it is evident that most of the impacting projectile was ejected during crater formation. Less than 10% of the craters >100μm contain abundant residue consistent with survival of a major fraction of the projectile. In these cases the residue can be seen optically as a dark liner and it can easily be analyzed by SEM-EDX techniques. Because they are rare, the craters with abundant residue must be a biased sampling of the meteoroids reaching the earth. Factors that favor residue retention are low impact velocity and material properties such as high melting point. In general the SEM-EDX observations of crater residues are consistent with the properties of chondritic meteorites and interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere.
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Lupwayi, N. Z., G. W. Clayton, J. T. O’Donovan, K. N. Harker, T. K. Turkington, and W. A. Rice. "Soil microbiological properties during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-083.

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Field experiments were conducted to correlate decomposition of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, and soil organic C (SOC), under zero tillage and conventional tillage, with soil microbial biomass C (MBC), bacterial functional diversity and microbial activity (CO2 evolution). A greenhouse experiment was also conducted to relate crop residue quality to soil microbial characteristics. Zero tillage increas ed MBC only in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. Soil MBC decreased more with soil depth than either microbial diversity or total SOC. Legume GM residues induced greater initial CO2 evolution than the other residues. This means that results that do not include the initial flush of microbial activity, e.g., by sampling only in the season(s) following residue placement, probably underestimate gas evolution from legume crop residues. Residue N, P and K contents were positively correlated with microbial functional diversity and activity, which were positively correlated with crop residue decomposition. Therefore, microbial functional diversity and activity were good indicators of microbial decomposition processes. Residue C/N and C/P ratios (i.e., high C content) were positively correlated with MBC, which was positively correlated with SOC. Therefore, soil MBC was a good indicator of soil quality (soil organic matter content). Key words: Biological soil quality, crop residues, crop rotation, microbial activity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity
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Abou-Zeid, Nadia A. "High-fat spreadable processed cheese for people with high blood cholesterol." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 2 (May 1993): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027552.

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SummaryPart of the raw cheese base used for manufacturing high-fat processed cheese spread Was replaced by cows' (C) or buffalo (B) butter residue at levels of up to 20%. These residues were produced during the conversion of butter to butter oil by traditional moderate (T) or severe (M) heat treatments. The hypocholesterolaemic properties of butter residues incorporated into processed cheese were tested with rats (serum and liver cholesterol) and human beings (serum cholesterol). When rats were given the control cheese with no butter residue there were significant increases in both serum and liver cholesterol compared with rats given stock diet. However, when part of the raw cheese base was replaced by butter residue these rises were reduced by amounts proportional to the level of butter residue. The hypocholesterolaemic properties of the residues were in order CT > BT, CM > BM, and incorporations of 10% CT, 15% BT, 15% CM and 20% BM were found to nullify the hypercholesterolaemic effects of control cheese and restore cholesterol levels to their normal values. A small human trial gave similar results. Incorporation of butter residue slightly affected the chemical composition of the cheeses. Fat content and pH were little different; however, cheeses with butter residue tended to have higher total protein but lower soluble protein, tyrosine and tryptophan, and total volatile fatty acids. Rheological properties were not altered significantly. Incorporation of butter residue improved the organoleptic properties, particularly flavour intensity. Storage at 5 °C for 2 months did not alter the organoleptic properties and changes in chemical composition followed the normal pattern.
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Buist, Ian, Ken Trudel, Jake Morrison, and Don Aurand. "LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF IN-SITU BURN RESIDUES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-149.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of the residue from in-situ burns of thick oil slicks. It involved burning small-diameter slicks of oil on water and analyzing the properties of the residues. The objective of the work was to identify the burn conditions that might produce residues that sink. Eight oils were selected for the project: (1) Alaska North Slope crude; (2) Alberta Sweet Mixed Blend crude; (3) Arabian Heavy crude; (4) Arabian Light crude; (5) Bonny Light crude; (6) Iranian Heavy crude; (7) Mayan crude; and (8) automotive diesel. Burn tests were conducted on all eight oils when fresh and on two of the oils when weathered. Experiments involved burning slicks of three thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 cm) on saltwater at room temperature (15°C). Residue density, water content, pour point, and viscosity were measured. Samples of parent oils and burn residues were fractionated into three boiling point ranges, and each was analyzed to quantify total saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. The results showed that the residues from burns of thicker slicks of heavier crudes and weathered crudes may sink in fresh water or saltwater once they cool to ambient temperatures, whereas burn residues of lighter oils may not sink. Burn residues of all crudes were more dense than their parent oils and were solid or semisolid. Residue density was related to the density of the parent oil, the state of weathering, and slick thickness. Chemical analysis showed that the burn residues were composed almost exclusively of the higher boiling point (HBP) fraction; virtually all of the lower boiling point fraction and almost all of the middle boiling point fraction had been removed. Most, but not all, of the HBP fraction, which included all of the asphaltenes and resins, was preserved in the burn residue. The in-situ burning process appears to be neither a pure equilibrium flash vaporization nor a pure batch distillation, but rather a process lying somewhere between the two ideals. The results of the burns of automotive diesel contrasted strongly with those of crude oils. Diesel burns were far more efficient than those of crude oils, leaving only a few millimeters of residue regardless of the thickness of the original slick. The chemical composition of the residue and its properties were changed only slightly from those of the parent oil. Research on the use of in-situ burning as a marine oil spill countermeasure has resulted in a rapidly growing acceptance of the technique as an option for spill cleanup. However, one area of concern with in-situ
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Mohanta, Dayanidhi, Santanu Santra, and Madhurima Jana. "Conformational disorder and solvation properties of the key-residues of a protein in water–ethanol mixed solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 48 (2017): 32636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06022j.

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Restricted structural relaxation of the key-residue–water and key-residue–ethanol hydrogen bonds and the formation of a strong long-lived hydrogen bonding environment in the unfolded protein nourishes the key-residues to trigger unfolding.
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Baskoro, Dwl Putro Tejo. "Effect of Placement Method of Crop Residue and Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Production." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2005): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.7.2.66-70.

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A proper management of crop residue can increase crop production since it plays an important role on increasingwater availability. The effect of crop residue application on soil productivity depends on many factors. In this research. theeffect of placement of crop residue and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop production were examined under field condition on dry season. The result showed that crop residue placement had no significant effect on all parameters of measured soil physical properties both under dry condition (no irrigation) and wet condition (with irrigation). The effects ofcrop residue placements on maize growth were also not significant. Nevertheless there was a tendency that surface application produced higher biomass than buried application. On grain yield, however. the effect of crop residue placement was significant. especially under dry condition with no water applied Surface application of crop residues produced higher grain yield than buried application.
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Wu, Ying-feng, and Xin Qu. "Influence of Different Types of Emulsifiers on Properties of Emulsified Asphalt Binder and Its Evaporation Residue by Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (December 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3313460.

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There is an important role in the properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue about emulsifier, which has been confirmed by experiment and chemical tests. However, there is little research about the emulsifier at microperspective. Therefore, the influence of two kinds of emulsifiers, a typical cationic emulsifier (dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and a typical anionic emulsifier (dodecyl primary amine), on technical properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residues such as store stability, workability, breaking behavior, and mechanical properties are investigated using a microapproach. Results show that there is an effective role in the storage stability, workability, and demulsification of emulsified asphalt binder about cationic emulsifier compared with anionic emulsifier. The anionic emulsifier makes the density of evaporation residue larger. However, the mechanical properties of anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue are conversely smaller compared with the cationic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue. The adhesion behavior results have confirmed that the anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue has a negative adhesion with aggregate due to its anion. The mechanism of the different emulsifiers on asphalt binders and their evaporation residue is explored at a microscale to help us to understand emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue more in depth.
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Stratiev, Dicho, Svetoslav Nenov, Dimitar Nedanovski, Ivelina Shishkova, Rosen Dinkov, Danail D. Stratiev, Denis D. Stratiev, et al. "Empirical Modeling of Viscosities and Softening Points of Straight-Run Vacuum Residues from Different Origins and of Hydrocracked Unconverted Vacuum Residues Obtained in Different Conversions." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051755.

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The use of hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues in the production of road pavement bitumen requires a good understanding of how the viscosity and softening point can be modeled and controlled. Scientific reports on modeling of these rheological properties for hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues are scarce. For that reason, 30 straight-run vacuum residues and 33 hydrocracked vacuum residues obtained in a conversion range of 55–93% were investigated, and the characterization data were employed for modeling purposes. An intercriteria analysis was applied to investigate the statistically meaningful relations between the studied vacuum residue properties. It revealed that the straight-run and hydrocracked vacuum residues were completely different, and therefore their viscosity and softening point should be separately modeled. Through the use of nonlinear regression by applying CAS Maple and NLPSolve with the modified Newton iterative method and the vacuum residue bulk properties the viscosity and softening point were modeled. It was found that the straight-run vacuum residue viscosity was best modeled from the molecular weight and specific gravity, whereas the softening point was found to be best modeled from the molecular weight and C7-asphaltene content. The hydrocracked vacuum residue viscosity and softening point were modeled from a single property: the Conradson carbon content. The vacuum residue viscosity models developed in this work were found to allow prediction of the asphaltene content from the molecular weight and specific gravity with an average absolute relative error of 20.9%, which was lower of that of the model of Samie and Mortaheb (Fuel. 2021, 305, 121609)—32.6%.
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Wang, Xiang-hong, Jian-hong Ke, Yi-zhuang Zhen, Ai Chen, and Yin-xiang Xu. "Study on properties of residue-residue contacts in protein." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE 5, no. 8 (August 2004): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0941.

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Thongjun, Yupawan, Thiti Kaisone, Pran Hanthanon, Chanon Wiphanurat, Sumate Ouipanich, and Tarinee Nampitch. "Investigation of Thermoplastic Starch/Fiber Blend: Effect of Tapioca Residue on the Mechanical Properties and Surface Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.123.

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The aim of this study was to characterize thermoplastic starch containing corn starch and tapioca residues, which were used as reinforcement in a blended matrix. In the process, the composites were prepared with different tapioca residue contents at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 % by weight using compression molding at 135 °C for 8 min. Subsequently, their mechanical, thermal and morphology properties were evaluated. The results showed that the reinforcing effect of tapioca residue lead an increase in the stiffness of the samples. Young’s modulus increased with higher tapioca residue content. When the loading of tapioca residue increased tensile strength for 80/20 and 70/30 mixtures from 7.46 to 8.58 MPa. In addition to the highest of tapioca residue could increase tensile strength dramatically. Further, the glass transition temperature tended to decrease with the increased loading of tapioca residue. Moreover, the morphology showed that the increment of tapioca residue content appeared embedded in the polymer matrix.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Residue properties"

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He, Yuxin. "Crop residue management and its impacts on soil properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19043.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Agronomy
DeAnn R. Presley
Crop residue removal for livestock feeding and biofuel production at large scales must be evaluated to assess impacts on soil productivity and properties. Among all the potential negative impacts, wind erosion is a major concern in the central Great Plains. We conducted an on-farm study from 2011 to 2013 by removing crop residue at five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) to determine the effects of crop residue removal on soil wind erosion parameters such as dry aggregate size distribution including soil wind erodible fraction (EF <0.84 mm aggregates), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD), dry aggregate stability, and soil surface roughness. The sub-model of Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) developed by the USDA-ARS, Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) is a stand-alone companion software package that can be applied to simulate soil loss and dust emission from a single windstorm event. We applied measured data (i.e. EF, GMD, GSD, and roughness) to SWEEP for predicting wind velocity that can initiate wind erosion and soil loss under each crop residue removal condition with wind velocity at 13 m sˉ¹. The threshold wind velocity to initiate wind erosion generally decreased with increase in crop residue removal levels, particularly for residue removal >75%. The total amount of soil loss in 3 hours ranged from about 0.2 to 2.5 kg mˉ² and depends on soil condition and crop residue cover. On the other hand, high-yielding crops can produce abundant crop residue, which then raises the question that if a farmer wants to reduce residue, what could they do without removing it? The application of fertilizer on crop residue to stimulate microbial activity and subsequent decomposition of the residue is often debated. We conducted wheat straw decomposition field experiments under different fertilizer rates and combinations at three locations in western Kansas following wheat harvest in 2011 and 2012. A double shear box apparatus instrumented with a load cell measured the shear stress required to cut wheat straw and photomicrography was used to measure the cross-sectional area of wheat straw after shearing. Total C and N were also analyzed. The fertilizer rate and timing of application during summer 2012 and Fall 2013 at the Hays site had impacts on wheat straw shear stress at break point. Across site years, earlier (fall) fertilizer application generally resulted in lower remaining aboveground biomass as compared to a spring application. Multivariate and linear regressions suggested that N and C:N ratio partially explain the results observed with respect to treatment effects on winter wheat residue decomposition.
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Dam, Rikke Friis. "Impacts of long term tillage and residue practices on selected soil properties." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78344.

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A two year study was initiated in 2001 on a 2.4 ha site of mostly St. Amable loamy sand and shallow loamy sand at the Macdonald Campus Research Farm. This study sought to assess the effects of long term tillage and residue practices on soil physical properties and to relate these properties to their influence on total carbon, total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass-carbon. The site was set up as a factorial experiment with three tillage practices (no till---NT; reduced till---RT; and conventional till---CT) and two residue practices (with residue (grain corn), +R; without residue (silage corn), -R). Soil physical properties measured were bulk density, macroporosity at -6 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat ), dry aggregate distribution, soil moisture and soil temperature. Wheel versus non-wheel track bulk density was also determined in the NT plots. Total porosity, soil water characteristic curves and pore volume distribution were derived from field samples. Crop yield was also assessed. Tillage alone had an effect on total porosity, bulk density, pore diameter and macroporosity. No individual physical property was significantly affected by the residue treatments; however, the tillage and residue interaction was significant for Ksat, soil moisture and soil temperature. Dry aggregate distribution was not affected by either tillage, residue or the combination of the two. Tillage affected total carbon and total nitrogen in the 0--0.10 m depth. Soil microbial biomass-carbon was affected by residue inputs. Total carbon and nitrogen were influenced by the bulk density, but none of the other soil physical properties. Soil microbial biomass-carbon was not influenced by any of the physical properties. Tillage and residue practices had no significant effect on crop yield for either year.
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Ducamp, Fernando Arriaga Francisco J. "Effect of rye residue on soil properties and nitrogen fertiization of cotton." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1532.

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Wilkins, Deborah K. "Studies of protein denaturation and aggregation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325146.

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Senaputra, Alexander. "The impact of desilication products on the flocculation and sedimentation properties of bauxite residue." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1522.

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In the Bayer processing of bauxite, dissolved silica re-precipitates as aluminosilicates or desilication products (DSPs) that adversely affect residue separation by flocculation and thickening prior to product precipitation. DSP was shown to form at the surface of hematite, impacting upon the extent, efficiency and mechanism of aggregation with a number of different polymer reagents. Real-time measurement of aggregate properties provided new insights on fines capture. The practical implications for full-scale feedwell flocculation were explored.
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Ribeiro, Bruno. "Study of Effective Use of Sugarcane Residue as Eco-friendly Construction Materials for Disaster Prevention Structures." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263808.

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付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館
京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(総合学術)
甲第23347号
総総博第20号
京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻
(主査)教授 山敷 庸亮, 教授 山本 貴士, 教授 寶 馨, 教授 齋藤 敬
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Turek, Iga Anna. "The effect of microwave extraction on the chemical composition and the antioxidant properties of the coffee residue." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3523.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia Alimentar
O presente trabalho, pretendeu estudar o efeito da extracção em microondas na composição química do resíduo de café. As analises ao resíduo de café incluíram: conteúdo em açucares e aminoácidos (GC-FID), conteúdo em gordura (extracção em Soxhlet), composição volátil do óleo do resíduo de café (GCxGC), e capacidade antioxidante (espectrofotometria) do óleo, supernadantes, e resíduos após as extracções com microondas. As extracções com microondas foram efectuadas em ciclos de 8 minutos atingindo uma temperatura de 200°C. Ambos os supern adantes e resíduos for examinados pelo seu rendimento em massa, conteúdo e composição em polissacarídeos e aminoácidos, conteúdo em óleo e capacidade antioxidante. Os rendimentos obtidos por extracção com microondas atingiram 20-25% em massa, da qual cerca de 41-63% são açucares solúveis em água. A composição em polissacarídeos alterou-se do primeiro para o segundo ciclo de extracção, sendo que as arabinogalactanas são preferencialmente extraídas durante o primeiro ciclo, enquanto que no segundo ciclo se obtém uma mistura de arabinogalactanas e galactomananas. O resíduo de café insolúvel (79 %, w/w) continua rico em polissacarideos (46- 55% w/w), sendo enriquecido em glucose ao longo dos ciclos. A maioria dos aminoácidos continuam no resíduo, mesmo após os tratamentos com microondas. Também a composição permanece inalterada, com excepção para as percentagens dos ácidos glutâmico e aspártico, cuja quantidade aumenta significativamente após os tratamentos. A maioria do óleo remanesce no resíduo após os tratamentos. Uma elevada capacidade antioxidante (AOC) foi encontrada no óleo extraído do resíduo de café inicial, supernadantes, e extractos de resíduo finais. O óleo extraído após o primeiro ciclo de extracção apresenta uma diminuição da sua AOC quando comparada com a actividade do resíduo inicial, sendo detectada uma redução considerável após o segundo ciclo, ainda assim com valores superiores quando comparados com os valores de AOC apresentados por amostras comerciais de óleo de azeitona. Todos os supernadantes apresentam uma AOC superior a qualquer um dos resíduos, incluindo o resíduo inicial e os resíduos obtidos após os vários tratamentos com microondas. Quando comparados com o resíduo inicial de café antes de qualquer tratamento com microondas, ao qual corresponde uma actividade de 15 gsoluto/ Lsolução, o supernadante obtido apos o primeiro ciclo de extracção apresentou um AOC de 5 gsoluto /Lsolução, reduzindo a sua actividade para metade após o segundo ciclo. Foram identificados ~170 compostos no espaço de cabeça do óleo obtido a partir do resíduo de café, incluindo furanos e pirazinas, compostos identificados como sendo responsáveis pelo aroma semelhante a café. Ainda no espaço de cabeça do óleo foram identificados novos compostos os quais são: 1-metil-ciclopentanol; fenilacetaldeído; propanoato de 2-furano metanol; acetato de 2-furano metanol, 2-acetil-3-metilpirazina; 1-etil-1Hpyrrole- 2-carboxaldeído; 2-pineno; (1S)-2,6,6-trimetil biciclo(3,1,1)heptano-2- eno; p-xileno;1-fenil-etanona; 5-metil-2(3H)-furanona.
The present work, studied the effect of microwave extraction on the chemical composition of the coffee residue. The analysis of the coffee residue included: sugars and amino-acids content (by GC-FID), fat content (by Soxhlet extraction), coffee residue oil volatile composition (GCxGC), and the antioxidant capacity (by spectrophotometry) of the oil, supernatants, and residues after microwave extractions. The microwave extractions were performed in two 8-minutes cycles reaching 200°C. Both supernatants and residues were examined for their mass yield, polysaccharides and amino acids content and composition, fat content and antioxidant capacity. The microwave extraction yields about 20-25% of mass, of which 22-38% are water soluble sugars. The polysaccharides composition changes from the first to the second cycle, being the arabinogalactans preferentially extracted during the first microwave cycle, and a mixture of arabinogalactans and galactomannans extracted to supernatant during the second cycle. The insoluble coffee residue (79 %, w/w) remains rich in polysaccharides (20- 39%, w/w), being enriched in glucose over the cycles. Most of the amino acids remain in the residues, even after the microwave treatments. The composition remains almost unchanged, with the exception for the percentage of glutamic and aspartic acid, which rise significantly after the treatments. Most of the oil is also maintained in the residue after the treatments. The oil extracted from the coffee initial residue, supernatant, and final residue extracts, all have high antioxidant capacity (AOC). The oil obtained after the first cycle of microwave extraction slightly lowered its AOC when compared to the initial activity, while a considerably reduction was detected after the second cycle, which is still higher that the AOC showed by commercial olive oil samples. The supernatants all have higher AOC when compared to the residues, both the initial as the ones after the microwave treatments. When compared to the initial residue, which correspondent EC50 is 15 gsolute/Lsolution before microwave extraction, the supernatant after the first microwave extraction cycle has an AOC of 5 gsolute/Lsolution, reducing its activity to half after the second microwave cycle. In the headspace of the oil obtained from the coffee residue ~170 compounds were identified, including furans and pyrazines, which are compounds identified as being responsible for the coffee-like aroma. Among the new compounds, which were found in head-space of coffee oil are: 1-methyl-cyclopentanol; phenyl acetaldehyde; 2-furanmethanol, propanoate; 2-furanmethanol, acetate; 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine; 1-ethyl-1H-pyrrole-2carboxaldehyde; 2-pinene; (1S)- 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3,1,1)hept-2-ene; p-xylene; 1-phenyl-ethanone; 5-methyl- 2(3H)-furanone.
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Barbhniya, Salim Ahmed. "An Investigation on the Use of Seawater-Neutralised Bauxite Refinery Residue (Bauxsol TM) on Properties of Structural Concrete." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517209.

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Subedi-Chalise, Kopila. "Impacts of Crop Residue and Cover Crops on Soil Hydrological Properties, Soil Water Storage and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Crop." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265200.

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Cover crops and crop residue play a multifunctional role in improving soil hydrological properties, soil water storage and water use efficiency (WUE). This study was conducted to better understand the role of crop residue and cover crop on soil properties and soil water dynamics. The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, located in Brookings, South Dakota. Two residue removal treatments that include low residue removal (LRR) and high residue removal (HRR) were established in 2000 with randomized complete block design under no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. In 2005, cover crop treatments which include cover crops (CC) and no cover crops (NCC) were integrated into the overall design. Soil samples were collected in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Data from this study showed that LRR treatment resulted in lower bulk density (BD) by 7 and 9% compared to HRR in 2015 and 2016, respectively, for 0-5 cm depth. Similarly, LRR treatment significantly reduced soil penetration resistance (SPR) by 25% in 0-5 cm depth compared with HRR treatment. In addition to this, LRR treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and total nitrogen (TN) by 22 and 17%, respectively, in 0-5 cm. Similarly, CC treatment resulted in lower BD and SPR by 7% and 23%, respectively, in 0-5 cm depth in 2015 compared with NCC treatment. The LRR significantly increased soil water infiltration by 66 and 22% compared to HRR in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, the CC treatment significantly increased infiltration by 82 and 22% compared to the NCC in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The significant impact of a crop residue was observed on soil water retention (SWR) in 2014 and 2015 for the 0-5 cm depth. The LRR and CC treatments increased the soil volumetric moisture content (VMC) and soil water storage (SWS) on the surface 0-5 cm depth. However, the trend was not always significant during the growing season. The CC treatment significantly impacted the soybean yield by 14% and WUE by 13% compared with NCC treatment. Some interaction of residue by cover crops was observed on BD, SPR, VMC, and SWS, which showed that the use of cover crops with LRR can be beneficial in improving the soil properties.

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Landzela, Besule. "Effects of BT Maize (MON810) crop and its residues on selected soil biological properties and N and P release in a sandy loam soil from Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007542.

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There are apprehensions that genetic modification of maize with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) may have negative effects on soil biodiversity, ecosystem processes and functions. This study aimed at determining the effect of Bt maize crop, Bt maize residues and its genetic modification on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), selected enzyme activities, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and N and P release patterns. The study was conducted under field, glasshouse and laboratory conditions. In 2010/2011 season, four maize cultivars; DKC 61-25B (Bt), DKC 61-24 (non-Bt), PAN 6Q-321B (Bt) and PAN6777 (non-Bt) were planted. Determination of MBC, enzyme activities and fungal spore count was done at 42, 70, and 105 days after planting (DAP). A loam soil amended with Bt or non-Bt maize leaf residues from a study of 2009/2010 season was incubated to investigate effects of Bt maize residues on MBC and soil enzyme activities. Leaf residues of Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars (DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777) were used and soil without residues was used as a control. Samples were collected at 7, 28 and 56 days of incubation (DOI). An incubation study was also carried out in the laboratory to determine the effect of Bt maize residues (i.e. leaf, stem and root) and its genetic modification on N and P release patterns. Residues of DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777and soil without residues as a control were incubated in the laboratory. After destructive sampling at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 DOI, N in the form of NH4-N and NO3-N and P mineralisation were determined. Amendment of soil with residues enhanced MBC (p < 0.05) at all the sampling dates. For example MBC increased from 95 in the control to 146.3 mg/kg in the DKC 61-25B treatment at the end of the glasshouse trial. In the field DKC 61-25B had 9.1 mg/kg greater MBC than DKC 61-24, while PAN 6Q-321B had 23.9 mg/kg more MBC than PAN6777 at the end of the trial. However, no differences (p < 0.05) were observed in enzyme activities under field and glasshouse conditions except for dehydrogenase that had greater activity where DKC 61-25B and PAN 6777 were grown. There were no differences between the type of residues (Bt and non-Bt) on enzyme activities tested. However, differences were observed among the sampling dates. No effects of Bt maize crop on fungal spore count were observed. Similarly no differences were observed in leaf, stem and root tissues composition between Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars. Net N and P mineralisation from Bt maize cultivars did not differ from that of non-Bt maize cultivars. However, differences were observed among the cultivars. The results of this study suggested that Bt maize with Bt MON810 event can be grown in the central region of the Eastern Cape (EC), South Africa without affecting MBC, soil enzyme activities, VAM, and release of N and P nutrients from its residues.
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Books on the topic "Residue properties"

1

Hall, Robert Ernest. Invariance properties of Solow's productivity residual. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Mooney, Nichola Jane. Synthesis and properties of crown ethers incorporating Xanthene residues. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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Bedini, Rossella. Prestazioni meccaniche di resine acriliche dentarie. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 1996.

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Moraes, Celia Maria. Isolation and some properties of fruit bromelain from pineapple residues. Huddersfield: The Polytechnic, 1990.

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Tavakoli, S. M. Assessment of ageing properties and residual stresses in thermoplastic welds. Cambridge: TWI, 1996.

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1931-, Guillemet C., ed. Photoelasticity of glass. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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E, Blight G., and International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Technical Committee 25 on the Properties of Tropical and Residual Soils., eds. Mechanics of residual soils: A guide to the formation, classification and geotechnical properties of residual soils, with advice for geotechnical design. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1997.

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Ali, Nor'aini. The effects of residual stresses in unidirectional twaron/epoxy composites upon their mechanical properties. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Lee, D. A. L. The effects of residual stresses in the unidirectional kevlar 49/epoxy composite upon their mechanical properties. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Edmonds, W. J. Properties and classification of residual soils derived from Cambrian and Ordovician limestones and dolomites in southwestern Virginia. Blacksburg, Va: Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Residue properties"

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Janaki, P., S. Meena, R. Shanmugasundaram, and C. Chinnusamy. "Dissipation and Impact of Herbicides on Soil Properties in Tamil Nadu." In Herbicide Residue Research in India, 193–237. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1038-6_5.

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Thakur, J. K., Asit Mandal, M. C. Manna, Somasundaram Jayaraman, and Ashok K. Patra. "Impact of Residue Burning on Soil Biological Properties." In Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security, 379–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_18.

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Zhanyong, Guo, Ju Shaohua, Lei Ting, Peng Jinhui, Zhang Libo, and Jiang Feng. "Dielectric Properties and Microwave Drying Characteristics of CuCl Residue." In Drying, Roasting, and Calcining of Minerals, 89–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093329.ch11.

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Zhanyong, Guo, Ju Shaohua, Lei Ting, Peng Jinhui, Zhang Libo, and Jiang Feng. "Dielectric Properties and Microwave Drying Characteristics of CuCl Residue." In Drying, Roasting, and Calcining of Minerals, 89–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48245-3_11.

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Anjali, B. L., and Aravind Krishna Swamy. "Prediction of Properties of Asphalt Emulsion Residue Using Maturity Method." In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India, 19–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3505-3_2.

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Kim, Jeong-Heon, Hong-Yeop Song, and Guang Gong. "Trace Representation of Hall’s Sextic Residue Sequences of Period P ≡ 7 (mod 8)." In Mathematical Properties of Sequences and Other Combinatorial Structures, 23–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0304-0_4.

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Kytmanov, Alexander M., and Simona G. Myslivets. "Properties of the Bochner–Martinelli Integral and the Logarithmic Residue Formula." In Multidimensional Integral Representations, 21–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21659-1_2.

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Hurst, G., M. Peeters, and S. Tedesco. "Integration of Catalytic Biofuel Production and Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 125–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_16.

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AbstractThe drive towards a low carbon economy will lead to an increase in new lignocellulosic biorefinery activities. Integration of biorefinery waste products into established bioenergy technologies could lead to synergies for increased bioenergy production. In this study, we show that solid residue from the acid hydrolysis production of levulinic acid, has hydrochar properties and can be utilised as an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) supplement. The addition of 6 g/L solid residue to the AD of ammonia inhibited chicken manure improved methane yields by +14.1%. The co-digestion of biorefinery waste solids and manures could be a promising solution for improving biogas production from animal manures, sustainable waste management method and possible form of carbon sequestration.
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Herfarth, K., E. Blind, H. Schmidt-Gayk, and F. P. Armbruster. "Immunological Properties of Asparagine versus Aspartic Acid at Residue 76 of Human Parathyroid Hormone (Residues 53–84)." In Calcium Regulating Hormones, Vitamin D Metabolites, and Cyclic AMP Assays and Their Clinical Application, 203–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00406-7_15.

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Azevedo, A. R. G., J. Alexandre, C. M. F. Vieira, C. G. Xavier, E. B. Zanelato, and L. I. V. Oliveira. "Effect of the Paper Industry Residue on Properties in the Fresh Mortar." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 571–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Residue properties"

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Kurt A. Rosentrater, K. Muthukumarappan, James Julson, and Padmanaban Krishnan. "Update on Ethanol Processing Residue Properties." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19549.

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Weng, Fu-Tien, Chih-Hsiung Lee, Kuo-Liang Lu, and Yeong-Pey Chyn. "Nitride film surface properties to reduce nitride residue." In 23rd Annual International Symposium on Microlithography, edited by Bhanwar Singh. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.308782.

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Yang, Bo, Yang Zhang, Chenyi Luo, Bora Cetin, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim, and Robert Horton. "Effect of Concrete Grinding Residue on Roadside Soil Properties." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482827.023.

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Jagpinder Singh Brar, Kaushlendra Singh, John Zondlo, Jingxin Wang, and Saurabh Kumar. "Co-gasification of Appalachian Hardwood Residue and Coal: Feedstock Properties." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37278.

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Carolina Lisboa Machado, Ana, João Pedro Azeredo de Brito, João Victor Laurindo Siqueira, and Diogo Pereira dos Santos Kropf. "Influence of glass residue on the properties of a mortar." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Exatas & Engenharias, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/885x331120212337.

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The realization of actions aimed at sustainable development is unquestionable. As the technological improvement increases every day, the possibility of reusing different wastes to replace the use of natural resources in the development of construction materials is growing, since the wastes and byproducts from other industries have a significant representation in the volume of solid waste generated in the country. Aiming at the need to reuse waste, this work aimed to develop a multi-purpose mortar for use in construction with waste glass industry, in order to replace part of the binder material (Portland cement) by waste glass in percentages of 0, 5, 15 and 20%. The methodology used consisted of the experimental program that consists of the characterization of the materials used for the production of the multiple-use mortar, as well as the execution of technological tests of mortars in the fresh and hardened states. According to the results, it was possible to observe that the analyses made both on the residue and on the properties of the fresh and hardened state of the mixture, it was possible to verify that the influence of the residue in the mixture presented in its composition a 68% concentration of silicon oxide (silica), one of the main components of cement. In view of the aspects analyzed, it was concluded that the mortar with the replacement of Portland cement by glass waste showed better results regarding the porosity of the mortar since the capillary water absorption coefficient was the lowest among all mortars.
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Malofeeva, Ekaterina V., and Elizabeth Hopper-Borge. "Abstract 874: Mutations of aromatic amino residue to polar residue in NBDs alter the transport properties of ABCC10." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-874.

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Song, Mou Sheng, Jin Yu Yang, and Jie Zhang. "Study on the plasticity and sintering properties of electrolytic manganese residue." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.357.

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Takachart, Pornphachara, Suwimol Asavapisit, and Rungroj Piyapanuwat. "Effect of water treatment residue on properties of compacted clay liner." In 2015 International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ticst.2015.7369338.

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LIJIE, HUANG, ZHANG XIAOXIAO, XU MINGZI, CHEN JIE, SHI YINGHAN, HUANG CHONGXING, WANG SHUANGFEI, AN SHUXIANG, and LI CHUNYIN. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Modified Nanocellulose/PLA Composites from Cassava Residue." In The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/iapri2018/24439.

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Berezhnoy, Victor V., and Ekaterina A. Kuchukova. "Analysis of Residue Number System Corrective Properties for Designing Reliable Cloud Storage." In 2020 International Conference Engineering and Telecommunication (En&T). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ent50437.2020.9431272.

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Reports on the topic "Residue properties"

1

Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.

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Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.
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Clark, Justin, James R. Russell, Douglas Karlen, Darrell Busby, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Carroll Olsen, and Shawn C. Shouse. Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report). Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2594.

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Clark, Justin, James R. Russell, Douglas Karlen, Darrell Busby, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Carroll Olsen, and Shawn C. Shouse. Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report). Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2800.

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Tauer, J. E., E. K. Ensley, P. M. Harnsberger, and R. E. Robertson. Evaluation of energies of interaction correlated with observed stabilities and rheological properties of asphalt-aggregate mixtures of western shale-oil residue as a modifier to petroleum asphalt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189256.

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Hall, Robert. Invariance Properties of Solow's Productivity Residual. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3034.

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Stroud, Mary Ann, Douglas Kirk Veirs, John M. Berg, Mary Ann Hill, Daniel Rios, and Juan Duque. Residual Stresses and Other Properties of Teardrops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1373501.

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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.
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Patwa, B., P. L. St-Charles, G. Bellefleur, and B. Rousseau. Predictive models for first arrivals on seismic reflection data, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329758.

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First arrivals are the primary waves picked and analyzed by seismologists to infer properties of the subsurface. Here we try to solve a problem in a small subsection of the seismic processing workflow: first break picking of seismic reflection data. We formulate this problem as an image segmentation task. Data is preprocessed, cleaned from outliers and extrapolated to make the training of deep learning models feasible. We use Fully Convolutional Networks (specifically UNets) to train initial models and explore their performance with losses, layer depths, and the number of classes. We propose to use residual connections to improve each UNet block and residual paths to solve the semantic gap between UNet encoder and decoder which improves the performance of the model. Adding spatial information as an extra channel helped increase the RMSE performance of the first break predictions. Other techniques like data augmentation, multitask loss, and normalization methods, were further explored to evaluate model improvement.
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Ramsey, Monica, Stephanie Wood, and Robert Moser. Residual expansion capacity and degradation of mechanical properties in alkali-silica reaction (ASR) damaged concrete. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32485.

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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