Relevant bibliographies by topics / Residue conservation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Residue conservation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Residue conservation"

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Valdar, William S. J. "Scoring residue conservation." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 48, no. 2 (June 6, 2002): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10146.

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Schoenau, Jeff J., and Constantine A. Campbell. "Impact of crop residues on nutrient availability in conservation tillage systems." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-111.

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Crop residue management is a key consideration when attempting to optimize fertility in conservation tillage systems. Major factors affecting the impact of crop residues on nutrient availability include the chemical composition of the residue [e.g. carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio], residue placement, fertilizer placement in relation to residue and time. Greater surface accumulation of crop residues in reduced and no-till systems tends to slow decomposition of N-poor residues such as cereal straw, and crop N supply during the current year can be reduced by immobilization if the straw is incorporated close to the time of high crop demand. Similarly, placement of fertilizer directly in the surface straw residue can reduce fertilizer use efficiency due to greater immobilization. Greater immobilization in reduced and no-till systems can enhance the conservation of soil and fertilizer N in the long term, with higher initial N fertilizer requirements decreasing over time because of 1) reduced losses by erosion and 2) the build-up of a larger pool of readily mineralizable organic N. For N-rich residues, such as legumes, volatilization losses may be greater when these residues are left on the surface than when incorporated into soil. Leaching of soluble phosphorus and sulfur compounds from standing and surface-placed crop residues into the mineral soil below may be a significant pathway for recycling of these elements in no-till systems. Greater coverage of the soil surface by crop residues can increase soil moisture and affect soil biological activity related to nutrient turnover. Future research should address how above- and below-ground decomposition processes differ for a wider range of crop residues and nutrients, emphasizing both short and long-term nutrient recycling. Key words: Crop residue, no-till, nutrient availability, nutrient cycling
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Batavia, Chelsea, Michael Paul Nelson, and Arian D. Wallach. "The moral residue of conservation." Conservation Biology 34, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 1114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13463.

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Ahola, Virpi, Tero Aittokallio, Esa Uusipaikka, and Mauno Vihinen. "Statistical Methods for Identifying Conserved Residues in Multiple Sequence Alignment." Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2004): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1074.

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The assessment of residue conservation in a multiple sequence alignment is a central issue in bioinformatics. Conserved residues and regions are used to determine structural and functional motifs or evolutionary relationships between the sequences of a multiple sequence alignment. For this reason, residue conservation is a valuable measure for database and motif search or for estimating the quality of alignments. In this paper, we present statistical methods for identifying conserved residues in multiple sequence alignments. While most earlier studies examine the positional conservation of the alignment, we focus on the detection of individual conserved residues at a position. The major advantages of multiple comparison methods originate from their ability to select conserved residues simultaneously and to consider the variability of the residue estimates. Large-scale simulations were used for the comparative analysis of the methods. Practical performance was studied by comparing the structurally and functionally important residues of Src homology 2 (SH2) domains to the assignments of the conservation indices. The applicability of the indices was also compared in three additional protein families comprising different degrees of entropy and variability in alignment positions. The results indicate that statistical multiple comparison methods are sensitive and reliable in identifying conserved residues.
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Dormaar, J. F., and J. M. Carefoot. "Implications of crop residue management and conservation tillage on soil organic matter." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-112.

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Under natural grassland or native prairie, aboveground residue or surface litter modifies the microenvironment. It promotes water infiltration and, by insulating the soil surface, moderates soil temperatures and limits evaporation. Root mass decomposes and transforms within the conditions created by surface litter. Together with root exudates, this below-ground residue or subsurface litter reacts with soil minerals to form aggregates, lower bulk density and increase water-holding capacity. Bringing such soils under cultivation leads to lower soil organic matter content, thereby increasing bulk density. The role of surface litter becomes even more important, as it affects wind and water erosion, reduces the impact of raindrops, prevents crusting, protects the soil from drying by sublimation, and captures snow. Management of crop residues depends on the role of the residue. A distinction must be made between above- and below-ground residues: their roles are distinctly different. Aboveground crop residue protects the soil and creates the conditions for below-ground residue to decompose and transform. These decomposition products, in turn, create favourable soil structure for plant growth. Research is needed on the effect of repeated harvesting of "excess" aboveground residues. Key words: Labile organic matter, resilience, resistance, surface litter, subsurface litter
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Bahadur, Ranjit P., and Joël Janin. "Residue conservation in viral capsid assembly." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 71, no. 1 (2008): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.21710.

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Li, Jing-Jing, De-Shuang Huang, Bing Wang, and Pen Chen. "Identifying protein–protein interfacial residues in heterocomplexes using residue conservation scores." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 38, no. 3-5 (May 2006): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.02.024.

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Lafond, G. P., S. M. Boyetchko, S. A. Brandt, G. W. Clayton, and M. H. Entz. "Influence of changing tillage practices on crop production." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-114.

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The most efficient and practical way of protecting the soil against wind and water erosion is with surface and anchored crop residues. The rate and extent of crop establishment is not adversely affected by conservation tillage provided shallow seeding is used and adequate seed-to-soil contact is achieved. Soil water conservation can be enhanced with conservation tillage systems and the amount conserved is directly influenced by the type and amount of crop residues present and the agro-ecological zone. Crop residue decomposition is 1.5× slower on the surface than when buried and the rate of decomposition can be explained almost entirely by the location and nitrogen content of the residues and growing degree days. Grain yield can be improved with conservation tillage and is directly related to the amount of extra water conserved, regardless of the crop. Crop establishment, which is critical in forage production, can be improved with conservation tillage. Removing forage stands with herbicides as opposed to tillage favoured subsequent crops. Further research is required on the manipulation of stubble height and row spacing to enhance water conservation and to determine the impact of such changes on crop growth and development, weeds and plant diseases. There is need to develop crop-specific conservation production practices for each agro-ecological zone. Key words: Residue decomposition, grain yield, water conservation, forage production, conservation tillage
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Wang, Qi, Longtu Zhu, Mingwei Li, Dongyan Huang, and Honglei Jia. "Conservation Agriculture Using Coulters: Effects of Crop Residue on Working Performance." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114099.

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Conservation agriculture is an important measure promoting sustainable agriculture in northeast China. Coulters in the conservation agriculture system are used to cut the excessive residue in strips, loosen soils, and create good seedbeds. Information on the performance of coulters worked in a field with or without corn residue coverage is lacking in the literature. In this study, five coulters were tested in two field conditions at three working velocities to compare their performance. The five coulters were four types of fluted coulters (8 W, 13 W, 18 W, and 25 W) and one notched-flat coulter (NF); the two field conditions were whole residue plots (WR) and no residue plots(NR), and the three working velocities were 8 km/h (V1), 10 km/h (V2), and 12 km/h (V3). All of the tests were tested at a tillage depth of 80 mm. The results showed that the maximum furrow width (Wf), furrow disturbance area (A), and residue coverage change (C) were significantly affected by the working velocity and coulter type, while the cutting force (F) and skid rate (S) were significantly affected by the residue coverage, working velocity, and coulter type. The NF was found to have the smallest furrow profile, residue coverage change, and cutting force, as well as the largest skid rate. Among the fluted coulters, as the wavenumber rose, the cutting force, furrow width, and furrow disturbance area all gradually decreased, while the skid rate and residue coverage change were gradually enhanced. The straw residual intensified the cutting force and reduced the skid rate, which changed by 11.6% and 20.9%, respectively. As the working velocity rose from 8 km/h to 12 km/h, the furrow width, furrow disturbance area, residue coverage change, cutting force, and skid rate increased by 26.5%, 16.5%, 44.6%, 8.2%, and 22.7%, respectively. The results reveal that the flat coulter and large-wavenumber fluted coulters (18 W and 25 W) have less cutting force and are more beneficial for cutting straw residue in residue coverage fields, while the small-wavenumber fluted coulters (8 W and 13 W) are suitable for loosening soil and constructing seedbeds. The cutting force has significant effects on the performance of cutting straw residue, loosening soils, and creating seedbeds.
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Harrelson, E. Ryan, Greg D. Hoyt, John L. Havlin, and David W. Monks. "Effect of Winter Cover Crop Residue on No-till Pumpkin Yield." HortScience 42, no. 7 (December 2007): 1568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1568.

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Throughout the southeastern United States, vegetable growers have successfully cultivated pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) using conventional tillage. No-till pumpkin production has not been pursued by many growers as a result of the lack of herbicides, no-till planting equipment, and knowledge in conservation tillage methods. All of these conservation production aids are now present for successful no-till vegetable production. The primary reasons to use no-till technologies for pumpkins include reduced erosion, improved soil moisture conservation, long-term improvement in soil chemical and microbial properties, and better fruit appearance while maintaining similar yields compared with conventionally produced pumpkins. Cover crop utilization varies in no-till production, whereas residue from different cover crops can affect yields. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the influence of surface residue type on no-till pumpkin yield and fruit quality. Results from these experiments showed all cover crop residues produced acceptable no-till pumpkin yields and fruit size. Field location, weather conditions, soil type, and other factors probably affected pumpkin yields more than surface residue. Vegetable growers should expect to successfully grow no-till pumpkins using any of the winter cover crop residues tested over a wide range in residue biomass rates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Residue conservation"

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Valdar, William Seth Jermy. "Residue conservation in the prediction of protein-protein interfaces." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246927.

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Livingstone, Craig David. "Pattern recognition and protein structure prediction from aligned amino acid sequences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297307.

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Kelton, Jessica Ann Price Andrew J. "Herbicide performance and weed seedbank dynamics as affected by high residue conservation agriculture systems." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1929.

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Jerrell, Scottie Lee. "Strip-Tillage Production Systems for Tobacco." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33132.

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Conservation tillage production systems for flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) have been studied for many years. Inadequate chemical weed control and lack of acceptable pesticide and fertilizer application resulted in consistently lower yields and inferior cured leaf quality. The development of new conservation tillage equipment, improved methods of fertilizer application, and new herbicides, have resulted in a renewed interest in conservation tillage labeled for tobacco. This research investigated management practices to address slow early season growth characteristic of strip-tillage tobacco production. Objectives of the first study were to evaluate the methods of starter fertilizer application and determine the optimal rate. A transplant water treatment (11 kg ha-1) and 3 rates (11, 22, and 45 kg ha-1) of injected 9-45-15 (N:P2O5:K2O) water soluble starter fertilizer were evaluated for early season plant growth and time of topping. Starter fertilizer treatments increased tobacco root weight by 22% and leaf area up to 41%. Earlier topping was observed as a result of starter fertilizer with 23 and 6% more plants topped during the initial topping date in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Starter fertilizer did not consistently increase the yield of either strip-tillage or conventional tillage tobacco. The objectives of the second study were to compare the use of raised beds with flat-planting and investigate cover crop residue management techniques. Residue management treatments minimized residue within the strip-tilled area with an early hooded spray application (strip-killed) of a burndown herbicide as opposed to the traditional broadcast burndown application. The use of raised beds for strip-tillage production of tobacco showed no clear benefit when compared to flat-planting. Strip-tillage plots were similar to conventional tillage for cured leaf quality and yield. Early season strip-kill burndown herbicide applications proved beneficial in reducing difficulties incorporating residue into the strip-tilled area thus improving the quality of the prepared seed bed. This research has added to the present knowledge regarding strip-tillage tobacco production, and refined necessary cultural practices. Transplant starter fertilizer is recommended to overcome the typical slow early season growth characteristic of strip-tilled tobacco. However, increased rates (greater than 11 kg ha-1) or under-row injection of the material had no added benefit. The research also demonstrated that the use of raised beds should not be considered a necessary practice with the use of a strip-till implement that incorporates under-row subsoil tillage. This research has demonstrated that tobacco yields and quality comparable to conventional tillage can be realized using strip-tillage production techniques.
Master of Science
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Le, Roux Andries Abraham. "The effect of soil residue cover on medicago pasture establishment and production under conservation agricultural practices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97055.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Annual medic pastures play an important role in conservation agriculture (CA) practices in the Western Cape, because of the beneficial role it plays in rotation systems and the fact that it can re-establish on its own. In the Overberg medic pastures are the main pasture short rotation crop, but farmers in recent years shifted away from including medics. This was due to unsuccessful re-establishment and a visible decrease in dry matter production. This trend started after CA practices were implemented for a few years. A field study conducted during 2013 investigated medic re-establishment and production following a wheat, barley, oat and medic pasture production year ( WM, BM, OM and MM) of which residues were left on the soil surface at different cover percentage levels (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%). The objective of this study was to determine what the effect of different amounts of residues was on annual medic re-establishment and production. Data from this study suggest that management of annual medic pastures should aim to re-sow the medic pasture if plant count drops below 78 pants per square meter. Weed management is of cardinal importance as it competes for resources, light and space and decrease medic pasture re-establishment and production. The data also indicates that the wheat/medic sequence is the best option when applying a short cash crop/annual pasture cropping system. Producers should manage their animals to ensure that a 50% to 75% cover is left on top of the soil following the grazing of residues during the summer months. The study in 2013 should have been replicated, but due to the low levels of re-establishment and production a decision was made to re-plant the trial sites. The field study conducted during 2014 investigated the medic/clover establishment and production following a re-plant. Medics were replanted following a W, B, O and M season, respectively. Residues again were manipulated to different cover percentages (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%). The objective was again to look at the amount and type of residues on medic/clover establishment and production following re-plant. Data from this study indicated that it might be advisable for annual medic/clovers to be re-sown after a cereal production year rather than a medic pasture year. With the production of medic/clover pastures not being affected by the residue cover percentage, a 100% residue cover following re-plant is best in rotations, if the optimal effect of CA wants to be observed. If animals are included in the production cycle, grazing of residues during summer months can occur until 50% cover is left. Soils will take longer to reach its potential, but by including animals the gross margin is more stable year on year. Two supplementary studies were conducted to investigate the germination of annual medics under controlled conditions. The objectives of the first supplementary study was to investigate the physical barrier effect of residues at different percentage cover (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and a possible allelopathic action from different types of residues (wheat, barley, oat and medic) on the annual medic cultivar Cavalier (one of the cultivars used during 2014 field re-plant). The different amounts of residue had no significant effect on percentage emergence of Cavalier. The 0% residue cover having the slightly higher germination could be because there are no physical obstructions preventing seedlings to establish. The different types of residue cover had no significant effect on the germination of annual medics, as the germination under wheat, barley, oats and medic residues did not differ from the control. The control had a slightly higher germination percentage (85%), while germination under residues was just below the recommended germination rate of 80-85%. This could be an indication of allelopathy from residues. The objective of the second supplementary study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of different residue leachates (wheat, barley, oat and medic) at different levels of concentrations (100% leachate, 75%, 50%, 25% and distilled water being the control) on Cavalier germination. The interaction between leachate type and concentration were significant. Low levels of leachate concentration did not have a significant impact on medic germination when compared between each other and the control. When the concentration percentage was increased differences were detected. Cavalier germination decreased drastically when medic leachate concentration increased, indicating allelopathic effects. Cavalier germination followed the same trend, just not as drastic, when wheat leachate concentration increased. This indicates that wheat could also have a negative allelopathic effect. With oat leachate Cavalier germination did not decrease except when 100% concentrate was used, which could indicate a small allelopathic effect. Cavalier germination following barley leachate showed no effect as concentration increased, even showing the odd increase. Depending on repeatability or follow-up studies of these experiments, data suggest that re-plant of medic pastures is beneficial if plant count drops below sustainable levels. Management of weeds during the medic pasture year improves production. Annual medic pastures should be re-planted following a cereal production year rather than a previous pasture year. Thus single medic rotations are preferred, for example WMWM rotation. Greater amounts of residues are beneficial for CA effects, but allelopathic effects of wheat and oat residues should be taken in consideration during re-establishment and residue levels should be lowered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eenjarige medic weidings speel ʼn belangrike rol in bewaring landbou (CA) praktyke in die Wes Kaap, vanweë sy vermoë om jaarliks op sy eie te hervestig en sy voordelige rol in rotasie stelsels. Eenjarige medic weidings is tans die hoof kort rotasie gewas in die Overberg, maar boere is tans besig om dit uit die rotasie uit te sluit. Dit is as gevolg van lae hervestiging sowel as die opvallende afname in produksie. Hierdie waarnemings het na ʼn paar jaar na die toepassing van CA praktyke begin. Gedurende 2013 is daar ʼn veldstudie voltooi rakende medic weiding hervestiging en produksie wat na ʼn koring, gars, hawer en medic weiding produksie jaar volg (WM, BM, OM en MM). Gedurende die studie is stoppels by verskillende persentasie vlakke van bedekking op die grond gelaat (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% en 0% bedekking). Die doel van die studie was om die invloed van verskillende tipes en hoeveelhede stoppels op die hervestiging en produksie van eenjarige medic weidings vas te stel. Data van hierdie studie dui aan dat jaarlikse medic weidings so bestuur moet word dat medics in die Overberg area se plant telling nie laer as 78 plante per vierkante meter daal nie. Onkruid bestuur is van kardinale belang, omdat dit kompeteer met medics en veroorsaak ʼn verlaging in hervestiging en opbrengs. Data dui ook aan dat ʼn koring/medic stelsel die beste opsie is wanneer ʼn kort kontant gewas/eenjarige weiding gewas stelsel toegepas word. Produsente moet hul vee so bestuur dat ʼn 50 tot 75% stoppel bedekking gedurende die somer maande oorgelaat word na beweiding. Die herhaling van die 2013 veld studie was van plan, maar ag gevolg van lae hervestiging en produksie was die proef kampe oor geplant. Die veldstudie in 2014 was medic/klawer vestiging en produksie na herplanting ondersoek. Die medic/klawer saad is geplant na ʼn koring, gars, hawer en medic weiding seisoen onderskeidelik. Stoppels is weereens na verskillende bedekking persentasies verander (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% en 0% bedekking). Die doel was om te kyk wat die effek van verskillende tipes en hoeveelhede stoppels op eenjarige medic/klawer weiding is na herplant. Data wys dat medic/klawer weidings verkieslik herplant moet word na ʼn graan produksie jaar as ʼn medic weiding produksie jaar. Die medic/klawer weiding is nie geaffekteer deur die hoeveelheid stoppels op die grond oppervlakte nie, dus is ʼn 100% stoppel bedekking verkieslik vir optimale CA effekte. As diere in die sisteem teenwoordig is, kan stoppels bewei word gedurende die somer maande tot ʼn 50% bedekking bereik word. Grond sal langer vat om sy potensiaal te bereik, maar die jaarlikse bruto marge sal meer stabiel wees. Twee aanvullende studies is onderneem en ontkieming van eenjarige medics is ondersoek onder beheerde toestande. Die doelwit van die eerste aanvullende studie was om te kyk na die fisiese versperring effek van stoppels by verskillende persentasie bedekking (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% en 0%) en ʼn moontlike allelopatiese effek van verskillende tipe stoppels (koring, gars, hawer en medic) op die eenjarige medic kultivar Cavalier. Verskillende hoeveelhede stoppels het geen beduidende uitwerking op die vestiging van Cavalier gehad nie. Die 0% stoppel bedekking het ʼn effens hoër vestiging gehad. Dit kon wees as gevolg van geen fisiese versperring wat die saailing verhoed om te vestig nie. Die verskillende tipes stoppels het geen beduidende uitwerking op die ontkieming van eenjarige medics nie, die vestiging onder koring, gars, hawer en medic stoppels het nie statisties verskil van die kontrole nie. Die kontrole het wel ʼn effense hoër persentasie vestiging gehad (85%), terwyl die vestiging onder die stoppels onder die aanbevole koers van 80-85% was. Dit kan dalk ʼn allelopatiese effek van die stoppels aandui. Die doel van die tweede aanvullende studie was om die allelopatiese effek van die verskillende tipes stoppels (koring, gars, hawer en medic) by verskillende vlakke van konsentrasie (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% van die onverdunde loogsel en gedistilleerde water as kontrole) op Cavalier ontkieming. Daar was ʼn beduidende interaksie tussen tipe en konsentrasie loogsel. Met lae konsentrasie vlakke van loogsel was daar nie ʼn werklike impak op Cavalier ontkieming tussen die verkillende tipes en die kontrole nie. Slegs wanneer die konsentrasie persentasie verhoog is, is verskille waargeneem. Cavalier ontkieming het drasties af geneem soos die medic loogsel konsentrasie toegeneem het, wat ʼn negatiewe allelopatiese en verhoogde osmolaliteit effek wys. Cavalier ontkieming het dieselfde tendens gewys wanneer koring loogsel konsentrasie verhoog was, maar nie so drasties soos medic loogsel. Dit dui daarop dat koring ook ʼn negatiewe allelopatiese effek wys. Met hawer loogsel het Cavalier ontkieming slegs by die 100% konsentrasie pyl afgeneem, wat op ʼn lae allelopatiese effek dui. Cavalier ontkieming onder gars loogsel het geen verandering gewys as konsentrasies toegeneem het nie, en het selfs ʼn toename in ontkieming in party gevalle ondergaan. Afhangend van herhaling of op-volg studies van hierdie eksperimente, wys die data dat dit voordelig is om medic weidings te herplant as plant telling onder 78 plante per vierkante meter daal. Die bestuur van onkruid tydens die medic weidings jaar verbeter opbrengs. Eenjarige medic weidings moet herplant word na ʼn graan produksie jaar liewer as ʼn vorige weidings jaar. Medics moet dus in ʼn eenjarige rotasie stelsel wees, byvoorbeeld WMWM rotasie. Meer stoppels is voordelig vir CA promosie, maar allelopatiese stowwe van koring en hawer stoppels moet in ag geneem word en stoppels moet verlaag word vir hervestiging.
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Zheng, Baojuan. "Broad-scale Assessment of Crop Residue Management Using Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Imagery." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19201.

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Tillage practices have changed dramatically during the past several decades as agricultural specialists have recognized the unfavorable environmental effects of mechanized tillage. Alternatively, conservation tillage management can mitigate adverse environmental impacts of tillage, such as soil and water degradation. Adoption of conservation tillage has continued to increase since its first introduction, which raises questions of when and where it is practiced. Spatial and temporal specifics of tillage practices form important dimensions for development of effective crop management practices and policies.  Because Landsat has been and will continue to image the Earth globally, it provides opportunities for systematic mapping of crop residue cover (CRC) /tillage practices. Thus, the overall objective of this study is to develop methodologies to improve our ability to monitor crop management across different landscapes in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery, which is addressed in three separate studies. The first study found that previous efforts to estimate CRC along a continuum using Landsat-based tillage indices were unsuccessful because they neglected the key temporal changes in agricultural surfaces caused by tilling, planting, and crop emergence at the start of the growing season. The first study addressed this difficulty by extracting minimum values of multi-temporal NDTI (Normalized Difference Tillage Index) spectral profiles, designated here as the minNDTI method. The minNDTI improves crop residue estimation along a continuum (R2 = 0.87) as well as tillage classification accuracy (overall accuracy > 90%).   A second study evaluated effectiveness of the minNDTI approach for assessing CRC at multiple locations over several years, and compared minNDTI to hyperspectral tillage index (CAI), and the ASTER tillage index (SINDRI). The minNDTI is effective across four different locations (R2 of 0.56 ~ 0.93). The third study, built upon the second study, addressed the Landsat ETM+ missing data issue, and devised methodologies for producing field-level tillage data at broad scales (multiple counties).  In summary, this research demonstrates that the minNDTI technique is currently the best alternative for monitoring CRC and tillage practices from space, and provides a foundation for monitoring crop residue cover at broad spatial and temporal scales.
Ph. D.
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Dam, Rikke Friis. "Impacts of long term tillage and residue practices on selected soil properties." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78344.

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A two year study was initiated in 2001 on a 2.4 ha site of mostly St. Amable loamy sand and shallow loamy sand at the Macdonald Campus Research Farm. This study sought to assess the effects of long term tillage and residue practices on soil physical properties and to relate these properties to their influence on total carbon, total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass-carbon. The site was set up as a factorial experiment with three tillage practices (no till---NT; reduced till---RT; and conventional till---CT) and two residue practices (with residue (grain corn), +R; without residue (silage corn), -R). Soil physical properties measured were bulk density, macroporosity at -6 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat ), dry aggregate distribution, soil moisture and soil temperature. Wheel versus non-wheel track bulk density was also determined in the NT plots. Total porosity, soil water characteristic curves and pore volume distribution were derived from field samples. Crop yield was also assessed. Tillage alone had an effect on total porosity, bulk density, pore diameter and macroporosity. No individual physical property was significantly affected by the residue treatments; however, the tillage and residue interaction was significant for Ksat, soil moisture and soil temperature. Dry aggregate distribution was not affected by either tillage, residue or the combination of the two. Tillage affected total carbon and total nitrogen in the 0--0.10 m depth. Soil microbial biomass-carbon was affected by residue inputs. Total carbon and nitrogen were influenced by the bulk density, but none of the other soil physical properties. Soil microbial biomass-carbon was not influenced by any of the physical properties. Tillage and residue practices had no significant effect on crop yield for either year.
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Burgess, Magdalena S. E. "Crop residue decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in corn under three tillage systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36879.

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Decomposition and N dynamics of grain-corn residues were investigated in a field study in southwestern Quebec, with particular reference to the roles of different plant parts (stems, leaves etc.) in determining overall residue mass loss and N content. A litterbag study was conducted, with surface and buried placements in plots under three tillage systems (no-till, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage, established five years before litterbag placement). Residue mass loss and N content were monitored over a two-year period. Separate data were obtained for leaves, stems, husks, and cobs. Net values for all residues combined were calculated taking into account initial proportions of each plant part at harvest. Overall estimates were made based on residue depth-distribution typical of each tillage system. A spreadsheet-based model of surface residue mass loss was developed, incorporating litterbag mass and other surface-residue data, in order to determine how well litterbag results predicted surface residue mass loss in the field, and to test alternative assumptions regarding residue decomposition and/or burial. Buried residues lost mass more quickly than surface residues, as expected. Thus residue breakdown would be fastest in a conventional system, slowest under no-till, and intermediate with reduced tillage. Substantial decreases in mass and residue N content occurred between fall placement and first sampling in spring, despite low temperatures for much of this period. Mass loss in the first period was substantial for stems as we as husks and leaves. Cobs decomposed most slowly throughout. Nitrogen dynamics, including effects of depth on residue N content, differed greatly by residue type. All the lower-N residues (cobs, husks, stems) immobilized N at some point. However, during the two-year study, N immobilization by one or more residue types was always counterbalanced or exceeded by N release by other residue, at least for the sampling intervals included. Pa
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Lynch, Madalyn Josephine. "A Measurement of Conservation Agriculture’s Effect on Nitrogen and Carbon Mineralization Rates for Agricultural Recommendations in Haiti’s Central Plateau." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51620.

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Much of Haitian agriculture is characterized by subsistence farming systems on eroded and nutrient-poor soils. Implementation of Conservation Agriculture systems has proven effective at improving soil quality and crop yield in many areas of the world, including areas similar to those in Haiti. While most Haitian smallholder farmers are highly resource-limited and adoption of new technologies is limited, these farmers are known to adopt new crops and practices if benefits that outweigh risks are demonstrated. Cover crops that help provide soil cover and increase nutrient mineralization are one of the most potentially beneficial changes that could be made on most smallholder farms. However, before specific cover crop recommendations can be made, their potential benefits need to be quantified. One field experiment in the summer of 2013 assessed decomposition rates and nutrient mineralization from common cash crops and two potential cover crops either on the soil surface or buried at 15 cm. The relative difficulty and expense of conducting these types of field trials led to the development and assessment of a laboratory-based system that could be used to simulate plant residue decomposition and nutrient release under controlled conditions. Additional benefits of a laboratory-based study include the ability to test significantly more treatment combinations than would likely be possible under field conditions and to control nearly all other experimental variables, other than the desired treatment comparisons.
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Benson, Gordon Brinkley. "Integration of High Residue/No-till and Farmscaping Systems in Organic Production of Broccoli." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32805.

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High-biomass cover cropping enhances marketable yields in organic production of vegetables, linked to the improvement of soil quality and weed control. Although, during transition from chemical to organic cover-cropping production, especially with no-till systems, reduction of nitrogen availability to the main crop and increase in weed and pest pressure may occur. In 2004-2005, summer and fall broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. Botrytis Group) crops were grown in twin rows on permanent (controlled traffic) raised beds (185-cm wide). Before broccoli transplanting, high-biomass cover crops were grown in specific bed areas. Legumes (Vicia villosa, Glycine max L., and Crotolaria juncea L.) on bed tops (grow zones) and grass species (Secale Cereale L., Setaria italica L., and Sorghum bicolor X S. bicolor var. Sudanese) in the alleyways (bed shoulders and bottoms). Experimental treatments were tillage (conventional, CT; and no-tillage, NT), farmscaping (with and without), and nitrogen sidedressing (with and without, applied 3 weeks after transplanting as a mixture of sodium nitrate - 22 kg N ha-1 - and feathermeal - 44 kg N ha-1). Weeds were managed by mechanical cultivation in CT and a spot weeding by hand in NT treatments. High numbers of beneficial insects (Cotesia glomerata, Cotesia orobenae and Diadegma insulare) kept the primary insect pest population (Pieris rapae, Evergestis rimosalis (Guenee), and Plutella xylostella) at a pest to predator ratio below 4:1. Although the excellent insect pest control was attributed to the farmscape plantings, pest level and crop yields were not significantly affected by farmscaping (likely due to the close proximity of the farmscaped plots (10-50m from non-farmscaped)). Broccoli yield averaged 62% higher in fall than summer (12.1 vs. 7.5 t ha-1) likely due to cool weather conditions during broccoli head development (October), increasing head size, uniformity, and marketability. In 2004, broccoli yield in CT plots was either equal or slightly higher than NT (9.5 vs. 9.0 t ha-1). However, in 2005, broccoli yield in CT plots was significantly higher in both spring (8.8 vs. 6.8 t ha-1; p = 0.0258) and fall crops (13.5 vs. 12.3 t ha-1 with p = 0.0484). Nitrogen sidedressing improved yield in all plots (9.8. vs. 12.7 t ha-1) and particularly in NT (8.6 vs. 12.1 t ha-1), indicating that availability and/or synchrony of nitrogen was a limiting factor. Incorporating high-N legume residues in the grow zones resulted in a lesser N response in CT.
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Books on the topic "Residue conservation"

1

US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. USDA crop residue management action plan. [United States]: USDA, 1992.

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Bull, Leonard. Residue and tillage systems for field crops. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division, 1993.

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Bull, Leonard. Crop residue management and tillage system trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, ERS, 1996.

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Gunther, Francis A. Residue Reviews: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985.

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Erenstein, Olaf C. A. The economics of soil conservation in developing countries: The case of crop residue mulching. Wageningen: Wageningen Universiteit, 1999.

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Crop residue management: Minnesota job sheet-crop residue use and conservation tillage. St. Paul, Minn: USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1992.

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Gunther, Francis A. Residue Reviews. Springer, 2011.

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Gunther, Francis A. Residue Reviews. Springer, 2012.

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Gunther, Francis A. Residue Reviews. Springer, 2013.

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Gunther, Jane Davies, and Francis A. Gunther. Residue Reviews. Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Residue conservation"

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Rusinamhodzi, Leonard. "Crop Rotations and Residue Management in Conservation Agriculture." In Conservation Agriculture, 21–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11620-4_2.

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Jayaraman, Somasundaram, K. K. Bandyopadhyay, A. K. Naorem, N. K. Sinha, M. Mohanty, K. M. Hati, A. K. Patra, S. K. Chaudhari, Ram C. Dalal, and Rattan Lal. "Soil Carbon Sequestration Through Conservation Tillage and Residue Management." In Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security, 299–319. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_14.

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Thakur, J. K., Asit Mandal, M. C. Manna, Somasundaram Jayaraman, and Ashok K. Patra. "Impact of Residue Burning on Soil Biological Properties." In Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security, 379–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_18.

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Parr, J. F., and R. I. Papendick. "Crop Residue Management Systems: New Perspectives for Soil, Water, and Energy Conservation." In ASA Special Publications, 245–48. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub31.bmatter.

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Franzluebbers, Alan J. "Linking Soil Organic Carbon and Environmental Quality through Conservation Tillage and Residue Management." In SSSA Special Publications, 263–89. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub57.2ed.c16.

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Singh, Yogeshwar, R. L. Choudhary, Amresh Chaudhary, Nilesh More, and N. P. Singh. "Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties Under Sugarcane-Based Cropping Systems." In Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security, 239–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_11.

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Mrunalini, K., Somasundaram Jayaraman, Ch Srinivasa Rao, C. S. Praharaj, N. P. Singh, and A. K. Patra. "Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties, Crop Productivity Under Pulse-Based Cropping Systems in Central India." In Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security, 117–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_6.

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Larson, W. E., R. F. Holt, and C. W. Carlson. "Residues for Soil Conservation." In ASA Special Publications, 1–15. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub31.c1.

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Mueller, J. P., D. A. Pezo, J. Benites, and N. P. Schlaepfer. "Conflicts between Conservation Agriculture and Livestock over the Utilisation of Crop Residues." In Conservation Agriculture, 221–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_27.

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Anyanzwa, H., J. R. Okalebo, C. O. Othieno, A. Bationo, B. S. Waswa, and J. Kihara. "Effects of Conservation Tillage, Crop Residue and Cropping Systems on Changes in Soil Organic Matter and Maize–Legume Production: A Case Study in Teso District." In Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa, 205–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Residue conservation"

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Zhang, Shao-Wu, Yun-Long Zhang, Quan Pan, Yong-Mei Cheng, and Kuo-Chen Chou. "An Improved Algorithm for Estimation of Residue Evolutionary Conservation." In 2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2007.24.

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Ranius, Thomas, Aino Hämäläinen, Gustaf Egnell, Bengt Olsson, Karin Eklöf, Johan Stendahl, Jörgen Rudolphi, Anna Sténs, and Adam Felton. "The effects of logging residue extraction for energy on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a synthesis." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107245.

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Maiti, Shyantani, and Pralay Mitra. "Protein Design Assisted Residue Conservation and Functional Stability Analysis for Bacterial Chemotaxis." In 2018 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (BSB). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsb.2018.8770546.

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Samhitha, Naamatheertham R., Neethu Acha Cherian, Pretty Mariam Jacob, and P. Jayakrishnan. "Implementation of 16-bit floating point multiplier using Residue Number system." In 2013 International Conference on Green Computing, Communication and Conservation of Energy (ICGCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgce.2013.6823427.

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Gao, Ting, Wensheng Lin, Anzhong Gu, and Min Gu. "CBM Liquefaction Processes Integrated With Adsorption Separation of Nitrogen." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54040.

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Coalbed methane (CBM) is a kind of important energy resources in the world. Liquefaction is a good option for recovery of CBM. Generally, CBM consists of a lot of nitrogen besides methane, which is usually required to be separated by adsorption before liquefaction, or by distillation after liquefaction. For the CBM adsorption-liquefaction processes, two novel processes are proposed, which integrate the two parts of adsorption and liquefaction together by utilizing the residue pressure of the waste nitrogen: the released nitrogen expanded directly to precool CBM, or further compressed and then expanded to liquefy CBM. Taking the unit product liquefaction power consumption as the major index and nitrogen content of CBM feed gas together with residue pressure of waste nitrogen as variables, the system performance of these two integrated processes is studied and compared with that of the nitrogen expansion liquefaction process without integration. By simulation and calculation with HYSYS, it is confirmed that system power consumption can be reduced by both methods to utilize the residue pressure, and for CBM with high nitrogen content, the energy conservation effect is considerable, furthermore, it is better to use waste nitrogen to precool CBM than to liquefy it.
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Jonathan P Aguilar, Robert G Evans, and Craig S.T Daughtry. "Evaluation of CAI Method of Crop Residue Assessment as a Tool for Soil and Water Conservation Management in the Dryland Agriculture of the Northern Great Plains." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29639.

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Pakzadeh, Behrang, Jay Wos, and Jay Renew. "Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32278.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s announcement that it will revise the effluent limitation guidelines for steam electric power generating units could affect not only how power plants use water, but also how they discharge it. The revised guidelines may lower discharge limits for various contaminants in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater including mercury, selenium, arsenic, and nitrate/nitrite. Although the specific details of the guidelines are unknown at present, the power industry is evaluating various technologies that may address the new effluent limitation guidelines and promote water conservation. Moreover, the power industry is looking for avenues to increase water usage efficiency, reuse and recycle throughout its plant processes. Final rule approval is expected by the middle of 2014 and new regulations are expected to be implemented between 2017 and 2022 through 5-year NPDES permit cycles. discharge limits for various contaminants including arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrate/nitrite [1]. These pollutant limits may be below the levels achievable today with conventional treatment [2]. A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement [1]. Thermal ZLD systems have been the subject of increased interest and discussion lately. They employ evaporating processes such as ponds, evaporators and crystallizers, or spray dryers to produce a reusable water stream and a solid residue (i.e. waste). Evaporators and crystallizers have been employed in the power industry for a number of years. However, typical A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement. A key disadvantage of thermal ZLD is its high capital cost. One way to reduce this cost is to pre-treat the liquid stream using innovative membrane technologies and reverse osmosis (RO).
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Chang, Shan, Chun-hua Li, Xin-qi Gong, Xiong Jiao, Wei-zu Chen, and Cun-xin Wang. "An Analysis of Protein Conservation Residues Network." In 2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2007.11.

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Chang, Yao-Lin, Huai-Kuang Tsai, Cheng-Yan Kao, Yung-Chian Chen, and and Jinn-Moon Yang. "Evolutionary Conservation of DNA-Contact residues in DNA-bindingDomains." In Second International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2007.4392574.

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Chang, Yao-Lin, Huai-Kuang Tsai, Cheng-Yan Kao, Yung-Chian Chen, and Jinn-Moon Yang. "Evolutionary conservation of DNA-contact residues in DNA-binding domains." In Second International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2007.24.

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Reports on the topic "Residue conservation"

1

Stewart, D. Case studies in residual use and energy conservation at wastewater treatment plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/81033.

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