Academic literature on the topic 'Residualist conversion of social problems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Residualist conversion of social problems"
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Zverev, Yuri. "The Kaliningrad defence industry: Problems of conversion." Defence and Peace Economics 9, no. 4 (August 1998): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719808404912.
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ZAIATS, T. A., and V. L. ZHAKHOVSKA. "Conversion of Social Capital in Ukraine: Contradictions, Principles and Prospects." Demography and social economy, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2021.01.063.
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The article is devoted to theoretical problems of social capital conversion in modern conditions based on modern ideas and taking into account the specifi cs of social capital formation in Ukraine in recent years as well as the latest achievements of social practices in European countries. The article is relevant due to the need to accelerate the processes of social capitalization and its conversion into open productive forms for social consensus, social development and economic growth. The novelty of the study lies in the formation of a system of views on the nature of social conversion, its contradictions, identifi ed on the basis of systematization of existing relationships and interdependencies in this area, as well as substantiation of models to minimize possible negative consequences for society. The positions of social capital in the structure of total capital, its connection with natural, physical, fi nancial and human capital are conceptually defi ned, and the leading role of open social capital in the formation of a democratic society is proved. The specifi cs of the conversion of social capital in comparison with other forms of capital are revealed. It is established that currently the contradiction between national and corporate social capital is gaining signs of stability. The basic principles and methods of conversion of social capital, adequate to the conditions of formation of a democratic society, are substantiated. Based on the assessment of real trends in socio-economic development and common social practices, three possible models of minimizing the contradictions that arise during the conversion of domestic social capital are proposed, each of which is subject to specifi c tasks and achieving certain development goals. The model of mobilization adaptation is based on the formation of new values in society, norms by public authorities using mostly ideological resources of infl uence on the basis of authority and trust in it by citizens. The model of modernization is focused on updating the statutory norms and rules through their approximation to real economic needs and social practices in accordance with the notion that any law is a normalized ingrained tradition. The model of compromise solutions involves achieving a balance between formal and informal norms in order to achieve a synergistic eff ect from the conversion of social capital.
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Pratama, A. Hadian, Budi Gunawan, and Budi Cahya. "SOCIAL IMPACT OF MANGROVE LAND CONVERSION IN DIMENSIONS AS RURAL SUSTAINABILITY." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 4, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v4i3.109.
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Mangrove ecosystem is an important part of the coastal environment. One of the problems in almost all coastal areas in Indonesia is the degradation of mangrove area. In the coastal areas of Langkat Regency, precisely in the Tapak Kuda Village is also facing the same thing. In the last 15 years, mangrove area has reduced quite high. One of them is caused by the conversion of mangrove land into ponds. The existence of mangrove ecosystems is related to socio-economic life of society that causes the decline of mangrove area and the changing environmental conditions of social life. The results showed that the conversion of mangrove land brought the social impact on residents’ lives. Changes in the types of jobs are fishermen decreased 24%, the percentage of farmers rose 19% and fish farmers also rose 10%. Income-related conditions, 24% of people feel steady and have sufficient income to meet the families’ needs, 43% of people feel sometimes high income is not enough to meet families’ needs and 33% of people feel low income that make the families’ needs are not fulfilled. The condition of public education level has increased, the percentage of people completing primary school rose 7%, junior high was up 21%, and high school 16%. Regarding the use of natural resources, there were only 35% of the natural resources that could be managed by the community. Community land use patterns are 10% of ponds, 30% of fields, 20% of fishing areas and 40% of conservation areas.
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Martínez-López, Francisco J., Yangchun Li, Changyuan Feng, and David López-López. "Buying Through Social Platforms." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 33, no. 4 (July 2021): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.20210701.oa4.
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Social platforms are currently encountering a set of burning issues: low ad conversion rates, cross-channel free-riding phenomena, lack of monetary incentives to retain premium content creators, etc. Direct purchase behaviors between social platform users (e.g., making a direct purchase through a seller's promotional post) can largely resolve these problems. Therefore, it is imperative to study the factors that influence users' direct purchase behavior. This paper focuses on risk- and trust-related factors, proposing a theoretical model that was tested on two samples of Chinese users of WeChat. The authors concluded that users tend to evaluate the shopping risk associated with the social platform first, then go through a process of building trust in the platform before making purchases. Further, this trust can generate a halo effect on seller risk. Finally, trust and seller risk directly impact on users' purchase intention to buy from the seller on the platform.
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Bowman, Matthew. "Sin, Spirituality, and Primitivism: The Theologies of the American Social Gospel, 1885–1917." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 17, no. 1 (2007): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2007.17.1.95.
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AbstractThis article seeks to draw attention to an often overlooked aspect of the social gospel. Rather than explaining social gospelers as theological liberals who took an interest in social problems, as many historians have done, this essay argues that they were possessed of a unique theology, one which welded evangelical ideas of conversion and experiential Christianity with liberal postmillennial hopes. Their devotion to combating social ills should be understood, therefore, not solely as a secular commitment to social justice or a nebulous allegiance to Christian charity but also as a theological obligation tied to evangelical conversion and a repudiation of social sin, a crime as offensive to God as murder or theft. The social gospelers modeled the ideal Christian society upon that of the biblical patriarchs, one in which no distinction between the secular and sacred existed and sanctification guided the Christian's actions in the economy as well as in personal morality. That society, that postmillennial Zion, would come again when all humanity experienced a spiritual conversion and were truly born again as Christians—a transformation not limited to individual salvation but which brought with it a new understanding of the nature of Christian life.
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Warner, Keith Douglass. "The Greening of American Catholicism: Identity, Conversion, and Continuity." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 18, no. 1 (2008): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2008.18.1.113.
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AbstractEnvironmental concern is emerging in all major American religious denominations, a process known as the “greening of religion.” The dynamics of a greening process illustrate how individuals incorporate emergent social concerns into their existing moral worldviews and show the ways in which religious identities shape that process. Analyzing the dynamics of this phenomenon reveals much about how a community understands the meaning of religious conversion, demonstrates the stability of religious identities, and illustrates how leaders use new problems to reframe religious identities. The greening of American Catholicism builds upon prior efforts to extend a practical theology of social justice (conversion) but articulates new moral responsibilities for future generations while reinforcing identity (continuity). Pope John Paul II opened a new domain for Catholic social teaching by his numerous teachings about environmental stewardship. U.S. Catholic greening efforts built organically upon the Catholic social teaching initiatives of the 1980s, addressing peace and economic justice, and the emergence of what some refer to as a “distinctly Catholic” contribution to environmental ethics should be interpreted in light of these efforts. This term is not precisely defined, but it suggests a concern for cultivating environmental values within the framework of a Catholic identity and for not subverting Catholic religious identity to conventional “secular” environmental values. The rhetorical framing of environment concerns by an ethic of justice was drawn from the biblical vision of justice, but it was influenced by the American environmental justice movement that emerged during this period. The most innovative expression of the greening of American Catholicism has been a set of regional initiatives, bringing Catholic social vision to bear on local issues through lay civic engagement. The lessons from this study speak to the broad evolution of religious environmental ethics in American culture and can inform future studies of this transreligious phenomenon.
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Simonsohn, Uriel. "“Halting Between Two Opinions”: Conversion and Apostasy in Early Islam." Medieval Encounters 19, no. 3 (2013): 342–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342141.
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Abstract The phenomenon of individuals converting to Islam and later returning to their former religions is well attested in both narrative and documentary records from the early Islamic period. Such shifts in religious commitments posed social and legal problems for the communities to which their former members sought reentry. Specifically, legal authorities were faced with the challenge of assessing the trustworthiness of returning apostates, whether their return was wholehearted and sincere or, rather, opportunistic and deceitful. The present discussion offers the historical context and a comparative analysis of some of the legal mechanisms by which the Jewish geʾonim of Babylonia and Eastern Christian church leaders attempted to overcome this challenge.
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Korchagina, Anastasia V. "Conversion to Islam: Its Motives and Consequences Through the Looking Glass of Social and Psychological Research." Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-2-375-385.
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The article comprises results of a social and psychological study. This study had its aim to research the motives, which people use to embrace Islam as a new religion and the problems, which arise when an individual acquires a new religious identity. For this study the author has developed a special questionnaire and has conducted more than 2000 hours of interviews with the converts. Its result offers a list of motives often brought forward to explain the conversion. Among them there are spiritual search, the search for the meaningful life, an individual and his/her purpose, need for clear doctrine with understandable values. The author argues that there is still a necessity to psychologically help the new converts to adapt themselves to the newly acquired religious and existential identity.
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Jalan, Rekha K., Jyoti Adhikari, and Mohan Belbase. "Socio-demographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Stressors in the Children and Adolescents with Somatoform Disorders." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i1.25315.
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Introduction: Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition, and which are not fully explainable by general medical condition, or by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder.
Objectives: to study the socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial stressors in children and adolescents with somatoform disorders.
Methods: From 1st January, 2018 to 30th June 2018, Children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age with unexplained physical st thsymptoms were evaluated using DSM – IV criteria. Detailed evaluation followed for those meeting inclusion criteria.
Results: Among 65 patients (18, 27.69% boys and 47, 72.31% girls) meeting inclusion criteria, conversion disorder was the most common (37, 56.92%), followed by undifferentiated somatoform disorder (15, 23.08%). Girls were significantly more represented among conversion disorder patients compared to other groups of somatoform disorders (68.08% vs. 27.78%, X2 =8.63, p<0.01) Stressors 2 were identified in 95% and acute precipitating stressors were present in 75% patients. Both the boys and girls had significantly higher rates of academic problems. Boys found to have social and environmental problems while girls had problems in primary support group.
Conclusion: Somatoform disorder, particularly conversion disorder is more common and it is found more in girls. Academic problems, poor interpersonal relations and conflict in the family are the important psychosocial stressors.
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Sremac, Srdjan. "Trauma, Substance Dependence and Religious Coping: A Narrative Spiritual Appraisal in Faith-Based Recovery Programs." Journal of Empirical Theology 31, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341369.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to understand how people with substance dependence problems employ testimonies of spiritual transformation to develop, cope and sustain a sense of personal identity and create meaning from conflicting (traumatic) life experiences. The quest to undo the struggling with substance dependence is seen as a spiritual attempt to reconfigure the person’s ‘spoiled identity’. Drawing on 31 autobiographies of people who recovered from substance dependence problems I analyzed their conversion testimonies in two European contexts (Serbia and the Netherlands, including a sample of immigrants). It draws on the observation that substance dependence often (though certainly not always) develops in response to life crises or trauma and identity confusion, while spiritual transformation, including religious conversion, can foster recovery. The study focuses specifically of the role of testimony in reconstructing a viable narrative of the self, accounting for trauma, substance dependence experience, and conversion and embedding in different social, cultural, and spiritual contexts. Finally, suggestions for the helping professions and care providers of substance dependence service will be offered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Residualist conversion of social problems"
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Hauke, Mary C. "Developing social concern by nurturing religious conversion." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Schuele, Francis J. "Preferential option for the poor conversion and evangelization in middle-class America /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Martin, Sonia. "Social divisions in an era of welfare reform: a critical analysis of neoliberalism and the underclass thesis." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/28285.
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This thesis is a study of social divisions and an assessment of the impact of neoliberalism upon them. Its purpose is to investigate the nature of contemporary social divisions, and whether or not the ????underclass???? is a useful way of conceiving the social and economic marginalisation of some individuals. The underclass thesis crystallises in a powerful and contentious way some fundamental premises that underpin the neoliberal philosophy, namely that the welfare state is considered a threat to freedom, discourages work, and is socially and economically damaging. Thus there ought to be a reduced role for the state in the provision of welfare. There are two fundamental weaknesses in social democratic critics???? contributions to debates about welfare reform. The first relates to a focus on residual welfare and measurements of poverty, largely neglecting the systems of power that underlie welfare distribution. The second relates to the omission of agency. Critics???? responses have tended to ignore the behaviour of the welfare beneficiaries targeted by current reform. In order to address both of these issues, I have formulated a critical post-traditional paradigm of social divisions. The study comprises three stages. The first is an historical overview of neoliberal policy developments and a quantitative analysis of social divisions. The findings indicate that neoliberal nations have the lowest commitment to welfare, and the highest levels of poverty and widening inequality. In Australia, labour market changes and educational underachievement are likely to contribute to new and emerging divisions, and the cumulative nature of disadvantage is apparent within low socio-economic areas. The second stage of the study examines the policies of the Howard Coalition Government in Australia and focuses on the prevalence of the underclass phenomenon in current welfare reform. Records central to the Government????s welfare reform agenda are analysed to examine policy makers???? normative beliefs. The findings reveal that the underclass thesis is an ideological construct that legitimises a reduction of welfare provision and control of the unemployed. The third stage of the study focuses on the experiences of unemployment among young people, and the views and experiences of welfare providers who work with them. The data show that individuals make decisions about their lives from the range of options they perceive to be available to them at a particular point in time. These options are not limited to those made available by the provisions of the welfare state, nor are they solely the product of inter-generational welfare. The welfare providers enforce the Government????s position on welfare reform by endorsing a version of the underclass thesis in their work and directing their interventions at the individual. Considered together, the findings reveal that a conservative neoliberal social policy fails to capture the complex interaction that occurs between individuals and their social environment, and the impact this has on their labour market activities. By successfully converting the problem of welfare dependency into a private issue, a neoliberal social policy is legitimised and current social arrangements are maintained.PhD Doctorate
Books on the topic "Residualist conversion of social problems"
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After conversion: Cultural histories of modern India. New Delhi: Yoda Press, 2010.
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Ela, Jean Marc. Le message de Jean-Baptiste: De la conversion à la réforme dans les églises africaines. Yaoundé [Cameroun]: Editions CLE, 1992.
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Paul, McKenna. The conversion of the non-poor. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.
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Zhuan xing Zhongguo: Ji dai jie jue di wen ti. Beijing: Gai ge chu ban she, 1998.
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Board of Islamic Publications (New Delhi, India). Dalit agony and Islam: A radiance presentation. New Delhi: Board of Islamic Publications, 2003.
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I.S.P.C.K. (Organization), ed. The church and conversion: A study of recent conversions to and from Christianity in the Tamil area of South India. Delhi: ISPCK, 1997.
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Larsson, Birgitta. Conversion to greater freedom?: Women, church and social change in North-Western Tanzania under colonial rule. Uppsala: [Uppsala Universitet], 1991.
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Conversion and reform in the British novel of the 1790s: A revolution of opinions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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Religions in conflict: Ideology, cultural contact, and conversion in late-colonial India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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Paul, John. The Church in America: Post-synodal apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in America of the Holy Father John Paul II to the bishops, priests and deacons, men and women religious, and all the lay faithful on the encounter with the Living Christ--the way to conversion, communion and solidarity in America. Sherbrooke [Quebec]: Médiaspaul, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Residualist conversion of social problems"
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"Social Problems in the Residualist Conversion Perspective." In The Sociology of Social Problems, 103–27. Cambridge University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511819629.007.
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"The Theory of Residualist Conversion: Does it Meet the Test?" In The Sociology of Social Problems, 199–213. Cambridge University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511819629.011.
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Jung, In-Sook. "Critical Issues and Implications of Digital TV Transition." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 286–92. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch039.
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Since the inception of digital terrestrial TV (DTT) in the United Kingdom on September 23, 1998, many countries have developed keen interests in this changing landscape of digital television. Soon after, the U.S. also started DTT on November 1, 1998, and other countries such as Germany, France, Japan, and Korea would join the technological trend. Most countries are scheduling the transition of analog TV into digital TV by around 2010 (Table 1). In the digitalization process, each government has two main concerns; one is about when the conversion from analog to digital TV (DTV) is scheduled, and the other is about how smoothly the schedule is completed. While the U.S. currently set analog switch-off for February 17, 2009, the European Commission has planned that switchover from analog TV should be completed in Member States by 2012. The spectrum plans of Member States in the EU said to be flexible enough to allow the introduction of other electronic communications services, along with DTT (Indepen, Ovum, & Fathom, 2005). According to EU Directive, the UK is planning to finish the switchover in 2012 and Germany in 2010. In Asia, South Korea is expected to be completed in 2010, Japan in 2011, and China in 2015. Unlike government-announced timetables, each country has some difficulties in keeping for the transition process so that the successful conversion within the scheduled timeline may not be possible. Thus, this article first examines which kinds of problems and alternatives are emerging in the policy process for DTV transition in several countries. Secondly, it attempts to find the global implication from what sorts of DTV transition issues are observed in most countries and from how they are broaching the problems of existing regulation systems and the social conflicts among stockholders, especially in Asian countries.
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"United Nations Study on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development**The Relationship between Disarmament and Development, United Nations, New York, 1982, Study Series 5 (Study chaired by Inga Thorsson). Excerpts from Chapters V and VII related to problems of conversion and redeployment of resources released from military purposes through disarmament measures to economic and social development purposes." In Making Peace Possible, 267–300. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037252-5.50021-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Residualist conversion of social problems"
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Bongard, Stefan, Andreas Friesenhahn, and Jacob Wolff. "Design and Conception of Online Exams With Standard Software in Social Science Courses." In 5th International Scientific Conference 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-464-4.13.
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The 2020-2021 Coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on teaching worldwide, prompting a mass conversion to online instruction. Universities have been greatly impacted by this. While the conversion of classic in-person, presence-based teaching formats, such as lectures and seminars, to online teaching went relatively smoothly, written exams still represent a particular challenge. Due to the nature of online instruction, it would be helpful to have online exams that can be taken from any location. The goal of the QLU-eQuiz-Project is to use standard software to create a testing environment in which university examinees can take online exams. This is not just a technical stopgap solution to the current, pressing problems of conducting examinations online during the pandemic; the project also aims to address future development toward hybrid forms, focusing on exams for social science courses – specifically, here, courses in Logistics and Business Administration. Furthermore, the project seeks to identify problems that can occur in the context of online exams and to discuss proposed solutions. For this, a series of mock and "real" online exams were conducted as QLU-eQuiz exams, both with smaller and larger groups. Part of the project compares grades on online exams with previous in-person exams.
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Xia, Fujun. "Study on Community Planning Strategy of Demolition and Resettlement Amid Urbanization - Taking the constructive detailed planning of Longhai South." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/brqe4840.
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Along with the rapid growth of urbanization, a large number of villages in China are converted into demolition and resettlement communities due to government land replacement or village relocation and so on. However, most of the demolition and resettlement communities are different from ordinary commercial housing communities in terms of spatial characteristics, governance models, and social relationships, and currently some plans have many problems such as neglecting the livelihood of the residents and the public participation in the form, so the research on the relevant planning strategies is significantly important. In light of the problems existing in the existing demolition and resettlement community planning, combined with the construction detailed planning practice case of Longhai South District, a four-point planning strategy is proposed through the combination of theoretical research and actual cases: First, strengthening public participation can assist planning and design, the electronic questionnaire combined with the on-site discussion are recommended to public participation in the demolition and resettlement community. At the same time, public participation can guide the planning and design to make it more rational and pertinent, and to some extent, to revise the planning and design conditions. Second, innovative organization management system is beneficial to the promotion of the conversion process of farmers to the citizenship. Third, planning should not only consider the space but ignore the future livelihood of the residents, and it is of great importance to increase the employment opportunities and income sources of the residents. Fourth, the fairness and homogeneity of the demolition and resettlement community planning is particularly important, much attention should be paid to the continuation of the traditional context.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Kimmer, C. J., and C. K. Harnett. "Combining Strings and Fibers With Additive Manufacturing Designs." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59569.
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High tensile strength cables, low-resistance motor windings, and shape memory actuators are common examples of technical fibers used in robots and other electromechanical assemblies. Because properties like tensile strength, crystal structure, and polymer alignment depend strongly on processing history, these materials cannot be 3D printed with the same properties they have on the spool. Strings and fibers are inserted in mechanical parts at the end of the manufacturing process for these assemblies. When the fibers take complex paths, the installation is often done by hand. This activity can dominate the process time, increase its human labor and reduce its social sustainability [1]. This paper applies the non-traditional approach of machine embroidery to insert sheets of patterned fibers in layered additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and lamination. Fibers are aligned with features in laser-cut or printed parts without the manual labor of hand threading. We demonstrate that water-soluble stabilizer materials originally designed for textiles can hold hard mechanical parts in a machine embroidery hoop with enough strength and rigidity to withstand sewing through pre-existing holes in the part. Alignment to within 250 microns has been demonstrated with a sub-$300 consumer embroidery machine. Case studies in this paper include a cable-driven mechanism, a soft-to-hard electronic connection, and an electromechanical sensor. Process-compatible and commercially available materials that can be embroidered include conductive threads, shrinking threads, water-soluble threads and high tensile strength fibers. The biggest hurdle for a user interested in this automated fiber installation process is linking the existing design file with an embroidery machine file. There is a much larger user base for 2D and 3D computer-assisted design (CAD) software than for expensive and proprietary embroidery digitizing software. We take the route chosen by the laser cutter industry, where the user produces a CAD file in their preferred editor, and makes annotations that communicate where and how densely to stitch. Translation software scans the file for a particular line style and generates stitch coordinates along it. Development is done in Jupyter/iPython notebooks that allow end-users to inspect, understand, and modify the conversion code. The intent is for users of existing planar fabrication technology (whether laser, printed circuit board, or micro/nano) to apply this method to their own CAD files for a versatile and straightforward way to put advanced materials in their devices without adding manual labor. This general approach can solve a class of assembly problems relevant to underactuated tendon-driven robotics and other electromechanical systems, expanding the range of devices that can be put together using automation.