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Journal articles on the topic 'Residual ratio'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Schuurmans-Stekhoven, James B., and Robert Michael Buckingham. "Ratio or Length?" Journal of Individual Differences 31, no. 3 (January 2010): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000023.

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Mounting evidence suggests a link between digit ratio (2D:4D) and personality – albeit with generally small effect sizes. While the identified effects are usually attributed to in utero biochemistry, the bivariate approach favored by researchers in this area does not rule out competing explanations. After first scrutinizing the independence of 2D:4D and overall finger length, we used a multivariate approach to predict the three-dimensional EPQ-R. Given that ring finger length and digit ratio varied conjointly, we introduced a logarithm of residuals model. This new method simultaneously addresses (1) the sensitivity of 2D:4D to measurement error and (2) the high correlations between 2D:4D and finger length. The traditional 2D:4D measure predicted neuroticism but not psychoticism. The logarithm of residuals model was able to identify specific personality effects for ring and index finger residuals. Both neuroticism and psychoticism were related to finger residual measures in a manner consistent with Manning’s in utero biochemistry theory.

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2

Clancy, K. B., J. L. Elliot, and M. J. Person. "Charon/Pluto Light Ratio." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017573.

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Prediction of the occultations of the stars P126 and P131.1 by Pluto on 2002 July 20 (UT) and August 21 (UT), respectively (Clancy et al. 2002, BAAS 34, 1212) involved astrometric data sets spanning more than three months that were acquired on several telescopes. Pluto’s position in each frame was determined relative to a UCAC astrometric reference network (Zacharias et al. 2000, AJ 120, 2131) with a dual-source point-spread function (PSF) model that was fit to the blended Pluto-Charon image. The relative position of Charon from Pluto was fixed in the PSF using values from the JPL Horizons ephemeris, and the light ratio fixed at values from resolved photometric observations of Pluto and Charon presented in Buie, Tholen, and Wasserman (1993, Icarus 125, 233). Although the final predictions proved to be quite accurate (see http://occult.mit.edu/research/occultations/Candidates/Predictions/P126.html and http://occult.mit.edu/research/occultations/Candidates/Predictions/P131.1.html), empirical corrections were made to the offset of Pluto from its ephemeris. These corrections were based on the residuals of Pluto’s measured position from its ephemeris, which were sinusoidal. The consistency of the fitted residual phase and amplitude between all prediction data sets implies either an incorrect Charon to Pluto mass ratio was used for calculating Charon’s ephemeris, or that we used incorrect Charon/Pluto light ratios in this reduction. Resolved images of Pluto-Charon were taken over a period of six days (2003 April) in nine filters at the Magellan 6.5-m Clay telescope in order to uncover the cause of these residuals. Combined with other Magellan Pluto frames taken in 2001 and 2002, the images were fit with a dual-source PSF model. The Charon/Pluto light ratio determined from the PSF modeling was then plotted against orbital phase and fit with a sinusoidal model for each filter. A strong trend with wavelength was found for the mean light ratio of Charon to Pluto. This trend partially explains the residuals found, as the astrograph and CTIO data were taken in a filter of mean wavelength ~720nm, whereas the Buie et al. resolved light curve was obtained in the F555W filter of mean wavelength ~537 nm. This trend can account for 0.026” of the 0.053” residual amplitude. However, if the only other effect were an erroneous Charon/Pluto mass ratio, the remaining residual would imply a mass ratio of 0.086 rather than 0.120 (as used in the JPL Horizons ephemeris). A value of 0.086 does not agree with recent mass ratio measurements (0.157 ± 0.003 by Young et al. 1994, Icarus 108, 186; 0.124 ± 0.008 by Null and Owen 1996, AJ, 111, 1368; and 0.122 ± 0.008 by Olkin et al. 2003, Icarus 164, 254), thus more work must be done in these analyses to understand the cause of these residuals. This work was funded at MIT in part by NASA Grant NAG5-10444 and NSF Grant AST-0073447.

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3

Shen, Junshan, Wei Liang, and Shuyuan He. "Likelihood ratio inference for mean residual life." Statistical Papers 53, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-010-0345-2.

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4

Tsujitani, Masaaki, and Gary G. Koch. "Residual Plots for Log Odds Ratio Regression Models." Biometrics 47, no. 3 (September 1991): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532665.

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5

Kallummil, Sreejith, and Sheetal Kalyani. "Residual Ratio Thresholding for Linear Model Order Selection." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 838–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2886161.

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6

Dudney, Donna M., Benjamas Jirasakuldech, Thomas Zorn, and Riza Emekter. "Do residual earnings price ratios explain cross-sectional variations in stock returns?" Managerial Finance 41, no. 7 (July 13, 2015): 692–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2013-0179.

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Purpose – Variations in price/earnings (P/E) ratios are explained in a rational expectations framework by a number of fundamental factors, such as differences in growth expectations and risk. The purpose of this paper is to use a regression model and data from four sample periods (1996, 2000, 2001, and 2008) to separate the earnings/price (E/P) ratio into two parts – the portion of E/P that is related to fundamental determinants and a residual portion that cannot be explained by fundamentals. The authors use the residual portion as an indicator of over or undervaluation; a large negative residual is consistent with overvaluation while a large positive residual implies undervaluation. The authors find that stocks with larger negative residuals are associated with lower subsequent returns and reward-to-risk ratio, while stocks with larger positive residuals are associated with higher subsequent returns and reward-to-risk ratio. This pattern persists for both one and two-year holding periods. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a regression methodology to decompose E/P into two parts – the portion of E/P than is related to fundamental determinants and a residual portion that cannot be explained by fundamentals. Focussing on the second portion allows us to isolate a potential indicator of stock over or undervaluation. Using a sample of stocks from four time periods (1996, 2000, 2001, and 2008, the authors calculate the residuals from a regression model of the fundamental determinants of cross-sectional variation in E/P. These residuals are then ranked and used to divide the stock sample into deciles, with the first decile containing the stocks with the highest negative residuals (indicating overvaluation) and the tenth decile containing stocks with the highest positive residuals (indicating undervaluation). Total returns for subsequent one and two-year holding periods are then calculated for each decile portfolio. Findings – The authors find that high positive residual stocks substantially outperform high negative residual stocks. This is true even after risk adjustments to the portfolio returns. The residual E/P appears to accurately predict relative stock performance with a relatively high degree of accuracy. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this paper provide some important implications for practitioners and investors, particularly for the stock selection, fund allocations, and portfolio strategies. Practitioners can still rely on a valuation measure such as E/P as a useful tool for making successful investment decisions and enhance portfolio performance. Investors can earn abnormal returns by allocating more weights on stocks with high E/P multiples. Portfolios of high E/P multiples or undervalued stocks are found to enjoy higher risk-adjusted returns after controlling for the fundamental factors. The most beneficial performance holding period return will be for a relatively short period of time ranging from one to two years. Relying on the E/P valuation ratios for a long-term investment may add little value. Practical implications – Practitioners and academics have long relied on the P/E ratio as an indicator of relative overvaluation. An increase in the absolute value of P/E, however, does not always indicate overvaluation. Instead, a high P/E ratio can simply reflect changes in the fundamental factors that affect P/E. The authors find that stocks with larger negative residuals are associated with lower subsequent returns and coefficients of variation, while stocks with larger positive residuals are associated with higher subsequent returns and coefficients of variation. This pattern persists for both one and two-year holding periods. Originality/value – The P/E ratio is widely used, particularly by practitioners, as a measure of relative stock valuation. The ratio has been used in both cross-sectional and time series comparisons as a metric for determining whether stocks are under or overvalued. An increase in the absolute value of P/E, however, does not always indicate overvaluation. Instead, a high P/E ratio can simply reflect changes in the fundamental factors that affect P/E. If interest rates are relatively low, for example, the time series P/E should be correspondingly higher. Similarly, if the risk of a stock is low, that stock’s P/E ratio should be higher than the P/E ratios of less risky stocks. The authors examine the cross-sectional behavior of the P/E (the authors actually use the E/P ratio for reasons explained below) after controlling for factors that are likely to fundamentally affect this ratio. These factors include the dividend payout ratio, risk measures, growth measures, and factors such as size and book to market that have been identified by Fama and French (1993) and others as important in explaining the cross-sectional variation in common stock returns. To control for changes in these primary determinants of E/P, the authors use a simple regression model. The residuals from this model represent the unexplained cross-sectional variation in E/P. The authors argue that this unexplained variation is a more reliable indicator than the raw E/P ratio of the relative under or overvaluation of stocks.

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Mountz, James M., Kathy Stafford-Schuck, Paul E. McKeever, James Taren, and William H. Beierwaltes. "Thallium-201 tumor/cardiac ratio estimation of residual astrocytoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 68, no. 5 (May 1988): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.5.0705.

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✓ Treatment of high-grade astrocytoma includes surgery, chemotherapy, and various methods of irradiation. Radiation therapy usually results in necrosis and edema around the primary tumor site. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) and standard radionuclide imaging techniques are unable to reliably distinguish recurrent tumor from necrosis or edema since these images depict localization of contrast material or tracer, which primarily depends on blood-brain barrier breakdown. Thallium-201 (201Tl) appears to incorporate into viable tumor cells more rapidly than into normal brain cells. This report describes a new method to quantify the uptake of 201Tl in the tumor: the tumor-to-cardiac uptake ratio (T/C). Twenty-three 201Tl brain scans were performed on eight patients to differentiate recurrent viable high-grade astrocytoma from posttherapy changes. Planar images of the head and heart were obtained in order to calculate the ratio of tumor counts to cardiac counts. This ratio represents a numerical estimation of 201Tl uptake in the brain tumor relative to cardiac counts and is expressed as the T/C index. The T/C index correlated well with the clinical course in all eight patients. In general, however, CT suggested more extensive regrowth of tumor than the actual clinical status suggested. In one patient's course of radiological monitoring, tumor recurrence was detected by means of 201Tl imaging four months prior to its appearance on CT. In conclusion, when performed serially, the T/C index can provide an accurate estimate of residual tumor burden or recurrence, and detect and quantify viable tumor during therapy.

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8

LANGREHR, VIRGINIA B., and FREDERICK W. LANGREHR. "Measuring the Ability to Repay: The Residual Income Ratio." Journal of Consumer Affairs 23, no. 2 (December 1989): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1989.tb00254.x.

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9

Novák, Jan, Andrew Selle, and Wojciech Jarosz. "Residual ratio tracking for estimating attenuation in participating media." ACM Transactions on Graphics 33, no. 6 (November 19, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661229.2661292.

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10

Pope, A. L., T. M. Tritt, P. C. Canfield, S. L. Bud’ko, and D. H. Liebenberg. "Thermal conductivity in large residual resistance ratio MgB2 wire." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 9 (May 2003): 5531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1563304.

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11

van Diemen, Pepijn A., Ruben W. de Winter, Stefan P. Schumacher, Michiel J. Bom, Roel S. Driessen, Henk Everaars, Ruurt A. Jukema, et al. "Residual Quantitative Flow Ratio to Estimate Post‐Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Fractional Flow Reserve." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2021 (August 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4339451.

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Objectives. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) computes fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Residual QFR estimates post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) FFR. This study sought to assess the relationship of residual QFR with post-PCI FFR. Methods. Residual QFR analysis, using pre-PCI ICA, was attempted in 159 vessels with post-PCI FFR. QFR lesion location was matched with the PCI location to simulate the performed intervention and allow computation of residual QFR. A post-PCI FFR < 0.90 was used to define a suboptimal PCI result. Results. Residual QFR computation was successful in 128 (81%) vessels. Median residual QFR was higher than post-PCI FFR (0.96 Q1–Q3: 0.91–0.99 vs. 0.91 Q1–Q3: 0.86–0.96, p < 0.001 ). A significant correlation and agreement were observed between residual QFR and post-PCI FFR (R = 0.56 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.47, p < 0.001 for both). Following PCI, an FFR < 0.90 was observed in 54 (42%) vessels. Specificity, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and negative predictive value of residual QFR for assessment of the PCI result were 96% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87–99%), 89% (95% CI: 72–96%), 44% (95% CI: 31–59%), and 70% (95% CI: 65–75%), respectively. Residual QFR had an accuracy of 74% (95% CI: 66–82%) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86). Conclusions. A significant correlation and agreement between residual QFR and post-PCI FFR were observed. Residual QFR ≥ 0.90 did not necessarily commensurate with a satisfactory PCI (post-PCI FFR ≥ 0.90). In contrast, residual QFR exhibited a high specificity for prediction of a suboptimal PCI result.

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12

Zhang, Zhuang Nan, Xin Zhao, and Ya Nan Zhao. "Effects of Flange Width Ratio on the Residual Stresses in Welded Monosymmetric I-Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.574.

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This paper used ANSYS finite element software to simulate the residual stress of the welded monosymmetric I-section and obtain residual stress distribution curves, analyzed the influence of flange width ratio on welding residual stress peak value and the stress distribution. The studies have shown that: with the flange width ratio decrease gradually, peak value of residual stress in flange and web is to increase; peak value of residual tensile stresses in both flange and web close to the steel yield strength fy, peak value of residual compressive stresses is 0.4fy in wide flange and the web near wide flange and in narrow flange and web near narrow flange is 0.3fy; the distribution of the residual tensile stress in the flange and web have growth trend.

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13

Zhou, Yaoming, Yongchao Wang, Shunan Dou, and Zhijun Meng. "Innovative soft fault diagnosis method for dual-redundancy sensors." Sensor Review 36, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2015-0062.

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Purpose – This paper aims to conduct soft fault diagnosis of dual-redundancy sensors. An innovative fault diagnosis method, which combines a tracking differentiator and a sequential probability ratio test, is proposed. Design/methodology/approach – First, two tracking differentiators are used to track and predict the two original signals, and determine their residuals. These residuals are used to calculate one quadratic residual. Then, a sequential probability ratio test is carried out on this quadratic residual to obtain log-likelihood ratio. A fault can be detected through comparing the log-likelihood ratio value with the threshold value. Finally, analyses of the difference in the residuals, which locates the fault, and of the difference in the original signals, which reveals the fault level and type, are completed successively. Findings – Results from experimentation show that this method can realise soft fault diagnosis for dual-redundancy sensors. Originality/value – The method proposed in the paper gives a new idea to study hybrid redundancy. The method provides a new application mode for tracking differentiators and sequential probability ratio test. The method can be used in robots, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles, to improve their fault tolerance. It can also be applied to the key parts of industrial production lines to decrease financial losses caused by sensor faults.

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Kopman, Aaron F., Jennifer Ng, Lee M. Zank, George G. Neuman, and Pamela S. Yee. "Residual Postoperative Paralysis." Anesthesiology 85, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199612000-00005.

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Background Based on a train-of-four (TOF) ratio greater than 0.70 as the standard of acceptable clinical recovery, undetected postoperative residual paralysis occurs frequently in postanesthesia care units. In most published studies, detailed information regarding anesthetic management is not provided. The authors reexamined the incidence of postoperative weakness after the administration of long- and short-acting neuromuscular blockers because few, if any, such comparative studies are available. Methods Ninety-one adult patients were studied. In group 1 (mivacurium, n = 35), anesthesia was induced with propofol/ fentanyl and maintained with nitrous oxide, desflurane, and opioid supplementation. The response of the adductor pollicis to ulnar nerve stimulation was estimated by palpating the thumb. Mivacurium (0.20 mg/kg) was administered for tracheal intubation, and an infusion was adjusted to maintain the TOF count at 1. When surgery was completed, the infusion was discontinued. When a second twitch could be detected, 7.0 micrograms/kg atropine and then 0.5 mg/kg edrophonium were administered. At 5 and 10 min, the mechanical TOF response was measured. Additional measurements were recorded if possible. Patients were tracheally extubated and discharged from the operating room when they could respond to verbal commands and no TOF fade was palpable. In group 2 (pancuronium-desflurane anesthesia, n = 29), the protocol was identical to that of group 1, except that 0.07 mg/kg pancuronium was administered for tracheal intubation. Additional increments (0.5 to 1 mg) were given as needed. Antagonism was accomplished with 0.05 mg/kg neostigmine and 0.01 mg/kg glycopyrrolate. In group 3 (pancuronium propofol-opioid, n = 27), the protocol was identical to that of group 2, except that anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and a propofol-alfentanil infusion. In all groups, patients were assessed until a TOF ratio of 0.90 or more was achieved. Results All of the patients in group 1 had TOF ratios greater than 0.80 on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit. Twenty of 35 patients had TOF ratios 0.90 or more while they were still in the operating room. Thirty-three of 35 patients had TOF ratios 0.90 or more within 30 min of reversal, and this value was reached in all patients by 45 min. Recovery parameters in groups 2 and 3 did not differ from each other. Hence data from these groups were pooled. Fifty-four of 56 patients who received pancuronium had TOF values of 0.70 or more, the remaining two patients had values of 0.6 to 0.7. In contrast to the mivacurium group, however, only four patients achieved a TOF ratio of 0.90 or greater while still in the operating room. Finally, eight of these patients did not achieve this degree of recovery within 90 min of reversal. Conclusions These results suggest that if nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers are administered using tactile evaluation of the TOF count as a guide, critical episodes of postoperative weakness in the postanesthesia care unit should occur infrequently even with long-acting relaxants. Nevertheless, if full recovery is defined as return to a TOF ratio of 0.90 or more, then short-acting agents would appear to offer a wider margin of safety.

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15

Cuddalorepatta, Gayatri K., Wim M. van Rees, Li Han, Daniel Pantuso, L. Mahadevan, and Joost J. Vlassak. "Poisson’s ratio and residual strain of freestanding ultra-thin films." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 137 (April 2020): 103821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103821.

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16

Chauhan, Suchitra Rajput, and Sujeet Chaudhary. "On the Residual Resistivity Ratio in $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Superconductors." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2009.2035516.

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Zhou, Mai, and Jong-Hyeon Jeong. "Empirical likelihood ratio test for median and mean residual lifetime." Statistics in Medicine 30, no. 2 (November 5, 2010): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4110.

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YAMADA, Noriyuki, Koichi INOUE, Kenji YAMADA, Koji YOSHIDA, and Hideo SHOJI. "Effect of Compression Ratio on Combustion Under Hot Residual Gas." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2002.8 (2002): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2002.8.77.

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Nobre, J. P., A. M. Dias, J. Gibmeier, and M. Kornmeier. "Local Stress-Ratio Criterion for Incremental Hole-Drilling Measurements of Shot-Peening Stresses." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 128, no. 2 (June 7, 2005): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2172623.

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A criterion to evaluate the influence of the so-called plasticity effect on the final outcome of the incremental hole-drilling technique (IHD), for measuring residual stresses induced by mechanical surface treatments, is proposed here. In practice, it is currently accepted that residual stresses can be accurately determined by IHD if the residual stress level does not exceed about 60% of the material’s yield strength. However, this criterion is not appropriate when IHD is used to measure residual stresses in work-hardened surface layers, since the yield strength of these layers is very difficult to determine. The proposed criterion takes into account the strain-hardening effect and the local yield strength of work-hardened surface layers, using the concept of normalized hardness variation. The criterion was validated experimentally and numerically for shot-peening residual stress measurements.

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20

Zhang, Zhuang Nan, Ya Nan Zhao, and Lu Jin. "Effects of Web Height-Thickness Ratio on Longitudinal Residual Stresses of the Welded Monosymmetric I-Section." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.446.

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This paper descries work carried out using ANSYS finite element techniques to evaluate the longitudinal residual stress distributions of the welded monosymmetric I-section in various web height-thickness ratios. From the analysis results, it is shown that, with the web height to thickness ratio increased, the peak values of residual tensile and compressive stress in flange decrease, and the peak residual tensile stress in web decrease too, but the peak residual compressive stress increase. Meanwhile, the distribution width of residual tensile stress in flange and the distribution width of residual compressive stress in web all present increasing trends. The magnitude of the maximum longitudinal residual tensile stresses in both the flange and web reach the yield stress fy, while the maximum residual compressive stress in wide and narrow flange is close to 0.4 fy and 0.3 fy respectively, and the peak value of compressive stress in web which closes to the wide flange and to the narrow flange is about 0.4fy and 0.3fy separately. With the change of height to thickness ratio of web, the distributive width of residual tensile stress in flange or web is about 0.3 times of flange width or web height.

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Yang, Jun, Jian Wang, Xuesheng Zhou, and Yanxiao Li. "Stochastic Air-Fuel Ratio Control of Compressed Natural Gas Engines Using State Observer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2028398.

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In this paper, the air-fuel ratio regulation problem of compressed natural gas (CNG) engines considering stochastic L2 disturbance attenuation is researched. A state observer is designed to overcome the unmeasurability of the total air mass and total fuel mass in the cylinder, since the residual air and residual fuel that are included in the residual gas are unmeasured and the residual gas reflects stochasticity. With the proposed state observer, a stochastic robust air-fuel ratio regulator is proposed by using a CNG engine dynamic model to attenuate the uncertain cyclic fluctuation of the fresh air, and the augmented closed-loop system is mean-square stable. A validation of the proposed stochastic robust air-fuel ratio regulator is carried out by the numerical simulation of two working conditions. The accuracy control of the air-fuel ratio is realized by the proposed stochastic robust air-fuel ratio regulator, which in turn leads to an improvement in fuel economy and emission performance of the CNG engines.

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Cao, Hai Long, Xi Wu Li, Ya Nan Li, Hong Wei Yan, Zhi Hui Li, Yong An Zhang, Shu Hui Huang, and Bai Qing Xiong. "Numerical Simulation of Quenching and Pre-Stretching Residual Stress in 7085 Aluminum Alloy Plate." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.211.

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The finite element method (FEM) was used to study the quenching and pre-stretching residual stresses of the 7085 aluminum alloy plate, combining with experimental measurement. Quenching residual stress simulation results showed that the stress of the rolling-direction and transverse-direction in the center were 16.5MPa and 9.2MPa, respectively. The stress of the rolling-direction and transverse-direction on the surface were-33.8MPa and-40.4MPa, respectively. The quenching residual stress simulation results were in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction experimental results. As the pre-stretching ratio increases, the quenching residual stress reduction ratio increases. The ratio of 2.0~3.0% pre-stretching can effectively release the quenching residual stress in aluminum alloy plates. After 3.0% pre-stretching, the stress of the rolling-direction and transverse-direction in the center were 0.9MPa and 1.8MPa, respectively. The stress of the rolling-direction and transverse-direction on the surface were-3.6MPa and-7.1MPa, respectively. The quenching residual stress reduction ratio reached above 80%.

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23

Larsson, Per-Lennart. "Principal Stress Ratio Effect at Residual Stress Determination Utilizing the Variation of Indentation Hardness." Lubricants 7, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7060050.

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The determination of residual stresses is an important issue when it comes to material failure analysis. The variation of global indentation properties, due to the presence of residual stresses, can serve as a guideline for the size and direction of such stresses. One of these global indentation properties, the material hardness, is unfortunately invariant of residual stresses when metals and alloys are at issue. In this situation, one has to rely on the size of the indentation contact area for residual stress determination. For other materials such as ceramics and polymers, where elastic deformations are of greater importance at indentation, such invariance is no longer present. Here, this variation is investigated based on finite element simulations. The aim is then to determine how the indentation hardness is influenced by the principal residual stress ratio and also discuss if such an influence is sufficient in order to determine the size and direction of such stresses in an experimental situation. It should be emphasized that this work does not suggest a new approach to residual stress determination (by indentation testing) but investigates the applicability of previously derived methods to a situation where the surface stress field is not simplified as equi-biaxial or uniaxial. For simplicity, but not out of necessity, only cone indentation of elastic-perfectly plastic materials is considered.

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Mimura, Kouji, Yukio Ishikawa, Minoru Isshiki, and Masanori Kato. "Precise Purity-Evaluation of High-Purity Copper by Residual Resistivity Ratio." Materials Transactions, JIM 38, no. 8 (1997): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.38.714.

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KOMATA, Shinjuro, Pucai YANG, Yuuichi UENO, and Eisaku HAMASAKI. "Numerical Analysis of the Residual Ratio of Groundwater in Reservoir Slopes." Landslides 36, no. 4 (2000): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3313/jls1964.36.56.

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Matsushita, Teruo, Edmund S. Otabe, Dongho Kim, Taejong Hwang, Huixian Gao, Fang Liu, Huajun Liu, et al. "Round Robin Test of Residual Resistance Ratio of Nb3Sn Composite Superconductors." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 28, no. 2 (March 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2017.2781182.

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27

Charifoulline, Z. "Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) Measurements of LHC Superconducting NbTi Cable Strands." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 16, no. 2 (June 2006): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2006.873322.

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YAMADA, Noriyuki, Kenji YAMADA, Akira IIJIMA, Koji YOSHIDA, and Hideo SHOJI. "Effect of Hot Residual Gas on Combustion Under High Compression Ratio." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2002 (2002): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2002.109.

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Welham, S. J., and R. Thompson. "Likelihood Ratio Tests for Fixed Model Terms using Residual Maximum Likelihood." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 59, no. 3 (1997): 701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00092.

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Kang, Chul-Goo, and Jung-Han Kwak. "On a Simplified Residual Vibration Ratio Function for Input Shaping Control." Asian Journal of Control 16, no. 1 (July 17, 2012): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.573.

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31

Karpe, N., M. Ahlgren, J. Bo/ttiger, N. G. Chechenin, J. P. Krog, A. Nordström, and Ö. Rapp. "Disorder-induced covariation of the residual resistance ratio and superconductingTcof amorphousZr60Cu40." Physical Review B 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.625.

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Xu, Xu-tang, Wen-bin Jian, Neng-sen Wu, Xiang Xu, and Lian-jin Shao. "Void Ratio–Dependent Water Retention Model for a Deformable Residual Clay." International Journal of Geomechanics 20, no. 8 (August 2020): 04020131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001773.

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Schaible, D., M. Hirscher, and H. Kronmuller. "Residual resistivity ratio and plasticity of high-purity NiAl single crystals." Philosophical Magazine Letters 78, no. 2 (August 1998): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095008398178101.

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Van Diemen, Pepijn, Stefan Schumacher, Michiel Bom, Roel Driessen, Henk Everaars, Ruben de Winter, Ruurt Jukema, et al. "PRE-PCI RESIDUAL QUANTITATIVE FLOW RATIO FOR ESTIMATING POST-PCI FFR." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 77, no. 18 (May 2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02411-6.

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35

Ning, Zhi Qiang, Yu Chun Zhai, Hua Mei Duan, and Huai Zhong Huang. "Study on the Leaching SiO₂ from Boromagnesite by Using Sodium Hydroxide." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.562.

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The residual rich SiO2 slag was obtained for MgO and B2O3 was leached from the boromagnesite by ammonium sulfate. The SiO2 was leached from the residual slag by sodium hydroxide. The effect of the roasting time, calcination temperature and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to the residual slag on the leaching efficiency of SiO2 in the residual slag were also studied. The reasonable technical condition as follow : the roasting time is 60 min, the calcination temperature is 550°C, the ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the residual slag is 3.0:1. The SiO2 leached rate can be stabilized about 85% under this condition.The residual rich SiO

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36

Li, Yulan, David Birkes, and David R. Thomas. "The Residual Likelihood Ratio Test for the Variance Ratio in a Linear Model with Two Variance Components." Biometrical Journal 38, no. 8 (1996): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710380808.

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Vaid, Y. P., and S. Sivathayalan. "Errors in estimates of void ratio of laboratory sand specimens." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-128.

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Serious errors in assigning void ratio to a laboratory sand specimen can occur due to poor resolutions in the measurement of its physical dimensions. The extent of these errors for given resolutions in the measurements of specimen diameter and (or) height is discussed, and their implications in estimates of undrained residual strength are pointed out in the steady-state analysis of sand structures that could be susceptible to flow slides. Alternatives for a more confident and consistent assignment of void ratio are proposed that circumvent the generally low resolutions in measurements of specimen diameter and height and utilize only the high-resolution mass measurements. Key words: measurement resolution, void ratio error, sand, liquefaction, residual strength, flow slide.

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Zhang, Yang, Wei Zhang, Yi He Qi, and Jian Wang. "Element Bearing Ratio Based Shakedown Analysis for Branch Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.586.

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Shakedown analysis is important for branch pipe because it is often damaged under various water pressure. In this paper, an element bearing ratio (EBR) based shakedown analysis method is employed for shakedown analysis of branch pipe. The EBR is used to replace the stress term in classical optimization problem in the procedure, and series of residual EBR fields can be generated by the D-value of the elastic-plastic EBR fields and the elastic EBR fields at every incremental loading step. The shakedown load is determined by performing an incremental non-linear static analysis when the yield criterion is arrived either by the elastic-plastic EBR fields or residual EBR fields. By introducing the EBR, the proposed procedure can be easily used to shakedown analysis of branch pipe with multi-material and complicated configuration. Numerical examples validate the method and demonstrate its performance.

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Istiningrum, Andian Ari, and Suryati Suryati Suryati. "PENGARUH RESIDUAL INCOME DAN MARKET TO BOOK RATIO TERHADAP STOCK RETURN PADA INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR." JURNAL ILMU MANAJEMEN 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jim.v11i3.11782.

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The aims of this research are to determine the influence of residual income and market to book ratio toward stock return in the manufacture companies listed in the Bursa Efek Indomesia (BEI) during 2010-2012. The number of population is 135 manufacture companies and 30 manufacture companies based on the criterions are chosen as the research sample. Historical data from 2010 to 2012 is used in this research. Data is analyzed by multiple regression. The research reveals that residual income and market to book ratio individually has a positive and significant influence toward stock return. Market to book ratio is proven as the factor that provides higher influence as compared to residual income.

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Cheng, Qiang. "What Determines Residual Income?" Accounting Review 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.1.85.

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This paper investigates the determinants of residual income scaled by book value of equity, i.e., abnormal return on equity (ROE), by analyzing the impact of value-creation (economic rents) and value-recording (conservative accounting) processes on abnormal ROE. I rely on economic theories to characterize economic rents and develop an empirical measure—the conservative accounting factor—to capture the effect of conservative accounting. As expected, industry abnormal ROE increases with industry concentration, industry-level barriers to entry, and industry conservative accounting factors. Also as expected, the difference between firm and industry abnormal ROE increases with market share, firm size, firm-level barriers to entry, and firm conservative accounting factors. Integrating these determinants into the residual income valuation model significantly increases its explanatory power for the variation in the market-to-book ratio.

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Kumar, Gopalaiah Venkatesh, Anita Pramod Nair, Hanuman Srinivasa Murthy, Koppa Ramegowda Jalaja, Karnate Ramachandra, and Gundappa Parameshwara. "Residual Neuromuscular Blockade Affects Postoperative Pulmonary Function." Anesthesiology 117, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182715b80.

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Abstract Background Residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) is known to be associated with respiratory complications in the postoperative period after muscle relaxant usage. The authors hypothesized that RNMB causes reductions in pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters in the immediate postoperative period. Methods An open-label prospective randomized cohort study was conducted comparing reductions in PFT parameters due to RNMB among different neuromuscular blocking agents. One hundred and fifty patients were randomized to receive vecuronium, atracurium, or rocuronium. After reversal of neuromuscular blockade and extubation, train-of-four ratio was measured every 5 min until the train-of-four ratio of 0.9 or greater was attained. PFTs were performed preoperatively and postoperatively when the patients were willing and fit. The train-of-four ratio, measured at PFT, was used to classify patients into “RNMB absent” and “RNMB present.” RNMB was defined as a train-of-four ratio less than 0.9. Results Thirty-nine patients had RNMB at the time of performing PFT. There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative reductions in PFT parameters in patients with RNMB among different neuromuscular blocking agents. Patients were regrouped as RNMB absent and RNMB present, irrespective of neuromuscular blocking agents. Postoperative PFT values for the RNMB-absent and RNMB-present groups were 62% and 49% of baseline forced vital capacity and 47% and 38% of baseline peak expiratory flow of the baseline, respectively. Postoperative forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow values of RNMB-present patients were lower by 13% and 9% in absolute terms (P < 0.008) and 21% and 19% in relative terms, respectively, compared with RNMB-absent patients. Conclusion RNMB results in reductions in forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow in the immediate postoperative period indicating impaired respiratory muscle function.

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Yu, Bo, Lu Feng Yang, and Di Liu. "Probabilistic Characteristics of Residual Displacements of SDOF Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1419.

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Probabilistic residual displacement analysis plays an important role in determination of technical or economical feasibility of repairing the damaged emgineering structures after an earthquake. Probabilistic characteristics of residual displacements of SDOF systems were quantificationally investigated in this study through a comprehensive statistical analysis. The influences of the P-Δ effect, period of vibration, normalized yield strength and post-yield stiffness ratio on probabilistic characteristics of residual displacements were investigated based on 69 selected earthquake records. In particular, the probability models for the normalized residual displacements were proposed and tested. Results show that the P-Δ effect and post-yield stiffness ratio have significant impacts on the residual displacements; the period of vibration also obviously influences the residual displacements for rigid systems; the residual displacement can be described as the Lognormal distribution variable.

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Huang, Yangke, and Zhiming Wang. "Multi-granularity pruning for deep residual networks." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 7403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200771.

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Network pruning has been widely used to reduce the high computational cost of deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs). The dominant pruning methods, channel pruning, removes filters in layers based on their importance or sparsity training. But these methods often give limited acceleration ratio and encounter difficulties when pruning CNNs with skip connections. Block pruning methods take a sequence of consecutive layers (e.g., Conv-BN-ReLu) as a block and remove entire block each time. However, previous methods usually introduce new parameters to help pruning and lead additional parameters and extra computations. This work proposes a novel multi-granularity pruning approach that combines block pruning with channel pruning (BPCP). The block pruning (BP) module remove blocks by directly searches the redundant blocks with gradient descent and leaves no extra parameters in final models, which is friendly to hardware optimization. The channel pruning (CP) module remove redundant channels based on importance criteria and handles CNNs with skip connections properly, which further improves the overall compression ratio. As a result, for CIFAR10, BPCP reduces the number of parameters and MACs of a ResNet56 model up to 78.9% and 80.3% respectively with <3% accuracy drop. In terms of speed, it gives a 3.17 acceleration ratio. Our code has been made available at https://github.com/Pokemon-Huang/BPCP.

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Harianto, Siens, Elang Susilaputra, Peter Darto, and Ardian Fandika. "Effect of Squeeze-out and Sizing Ratio to The Residual Circumferential Stress of HFW Pipe." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926904005.

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Residual circumferential stress originates from pipe forming process has a negative impact on the pressure carrying capacity; therefore it is necessary to keep the level of residual stress as low as possible and distributed uniformly around the pipe. Manufacturing of HFW (High-Frequency Welded) pipe involves pinching, bending, forming, welding, squeezing, sizing and straightening processes in several stages which produce both elastic and plastic deformation. Those processes produce residual stresses in the pipe wall in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. This paper presents the result of the trial test to investigate the effect of squeeze-out (SO) and the sizing ratio (SR) to the residual circumferential stress on HFW pipe. The trial was performed at PT INDAL STEEL PIPE (ISP) pipe mill, on pipe API 5L L360MO PSL2, nominal Outside Diameter (OD) 273 mm, wall thickness 12.7 mm. The SO was 0.7t and 0.9t, while the SR was set at 0.5 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 %.

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ALMEIDA, DIEGO, RICARDO B. SANTOS, PETER W. HART, and HASAN JAMEEL. "Hardwood pulping kinetics of bulk and residual phases." October 2015 14, no. 10 (November 1, 2015): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.10.652.

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The kinetics of the bulk and residual delignification phases of Eucalyptus nitens, E. globulus, E. benthamii, acacia, maple, and loblolly pine were determined in an effort to improve the use of various hardwoods. Kinetic experiments were performed using a microwave digestion system for fast heating of the kraft liquor. Delignification rates were obtained for three different temperatures (150°C, 160°C, and 170°C) and correlated with the wood’s syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio. A linear correlation between the kraft delignification rate and the syringyl-toguaiacyl ratio was found to exist.

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Gudigar, Ashwini H. "Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Residual Sodium Carbonate." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6268.

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MURASE, Satoru, Takashi SAITOH, and Teruo MATSUSHITA. "Test Method of Residual Resistance Ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti Composite Superconductors." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 33, no. 1 (1998): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.33.2.

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Eftekhari, Ashkan, Signe Nielsen Wiggers, Ole Norling Mathiassen, and Kent Lodberg Christensen. "Residual small artery impairment in hypertensive patients with normal albumin–creatinine ratio." Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 50, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14017431.2016.1152397.

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Li, Shengtao, Feng Xie, Fuyi Liu, Jianying Li, and Mohammad A. Alim. "The relation between residual voltage ratio and microstructural parameters of ZnO varistors." Materials Letters 59, no. 2-3 (February 2005): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.10.008.

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Yan, Lin, Yukun Luo, Fang Xie, Mingbo Zhang, and Jing Xiao. "Residual vital ratio: predicting regrowth after radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules." International Journal of Hyperthermia 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2020.1825835.

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