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Journal articles on the topic 'Residential parking'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

van Ommeren, Jos, Jesper de Groote, and Giuliano Mingardo. "Residential parking permits and parking supply." Regional Science and Urban Economics 45 (March 2014): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2013.11.003.

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2

Moylan, Emily, Matthew Schabas, and Elizabeth Deakin. "Residential Permit Parking." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2469, no. 1 (January 2014): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2469-03.

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3

Li, Tie Qiang, Rong Guo Ma, Qi Dong, and Hong Ying Liu. "The Old Residential Quarter Mode Selection and Layout of Parking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3060.

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The internal parking characteristic and parking mode and layout influence factors are analyzed to solve the parking problems in the old residential quarter, and then based on which the principle and layout of the parking mode and layout of parking are researched, and then the forms of parking mode and layout of parking in the old residential quarter are proposed to solve the parking problems in the old residential quarter

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4

Liu, Chun Xiang, Dong Xu, and Miao Xia. "Discussing the Parking Ways on Different Types of Residential Areas - Taking Jinzhou City as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.548.

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In recent years, the possession of private cars of urban residents in our country has increased quickly, making residential parking problems more serious. That has caused parking inconvenience and confusion environment in residential areas. These problems must be given enough attention when it comes to the building of supporting facilities in urban residential areas. According to the analysis of current standards of residential parking facilities and the characters of parking manners, we take a developing city, Jinzhou, as an example and research the motor vehicle parking status in residential areas, we propose the view that formulating the corresponding parking facilities indicator standards according to different types settlements, solving needs of residents in different types of residential areas in different ways, and the proposal that design of residential areas static transport facilities and parking spaces should reflect humane, intelligent and fair, and have flexible to adapt changes of need in future.

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5

Abbott, Neal T., and Alexander Y. Bigazzi. "Utilizing Shared Parking to Mitigate Imbalanced Supply in a Dense Urban Neighborhood: Case Study in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, no. 1 (January 2017): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-10.

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Excess off-street parking can have a range of impacts, including undesirable effects on housing costs, urban form, mode choice, and overall density. In urban residential areas, excess off-street parking can coexist with on-street parking congestion because of restrictions in parking access, nonmarket pricing, and other factors. This paper examines the potential for shared parking to address such an imbalance in parking supply by using a case study of the West End, a high-density residential neighborhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The West End’s residential parking permit (RPP) program has faced parking shortages and congestion, with on-street parking consistently reaching 90% occupancy. At the same time, off-street residential parking facilities in the neighborhood have occupancy rates consistently less than 50%. This analysis uses the inventory and occupancy data for off- and on-street parking stalls to investigate the impacts of making off-street stalls available to RPP users in a shared-parking program. Results showed that on-street parking congestion could be greatly reduced by introducing a relatively small number of off-street stalls from select residential buildings to the RPP program. Methods to unlock currently underutilized off-street parking supply are also discussed.

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6

Ye, Xiaofei, Xinliu Sui, Jin Xie, Tao Wang, Xingchen Yan, and Jun Chen. "Assessment of the Economic and Social Impact of Shared Parking in Residential Areas." Information 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11090411.

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Shared parking schemes are not commonly implemented in residential areas due to the uncertainty and conflicts associated with the benefits of such schemes for stakeholders, namely, parking suppliers, parking managers, and the public. To evaluate the economic and social impacts of shared parking in residential areas on its stakeholders, the risk and benefit factors were determined through influential analysis and a questionnaire. A risk–benefit model was established to quantify the risks and benefits for stakeholders. The social return on investment and sensitivity analysis were applied to estimate the economic feasibility of shared parking in residential areas. The methodology combined the use of qualitative, quantitative, and financial information gathered and analyzed to estimate the “value” of shared parking, including its risks, benefits, management pressure, and social benefit. The model was calibrated using the survey data collected from the city of Ningbo in China. The results showed that: (1) The net present value was negative, indicating that the benefits of shared parking were lower than the risks, and thus this scheme would not be economically feasible in residential areas. (2) The cost of purchasing new equipment and rebuilding parking lots had the greatest impact on the benefits of shared parking in residential areas, with a sensitivity coefficient of 4.396, followed by the income from shared parking charges (3.885), and the salary of parking managers (3.619). (3) If the income from parking charges and the salary of parking managers were more than 69,408.5 and 31,091.1 yuan per month, respectively, and the cost of improving parking infrastructure was less than 14,003.2 yuan per month, residential areas could obtain additional benefits due to the acceptance of a shared parking scheme. This study provides theoretical support for the reasonable determination of the costs, risks, and benefits associated with participating in a shared parking scheme in a residential area.

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7

Яковлев, Konstantin Yakovlev, Будковая, and Irina Budkovaya. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PARKING OF CARS." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13872.

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Main types of the automobile mechanized parking’s are given. The main merits and demerits of parking’s are considered. Necessary conditions for development of an automobile parking in close proximity to a residential zone are generalized.

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8

Wang, Xue Ying, Chun Xiang Liu, and Dong Xu. "Analysis on Parking Problem for Residential Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1075.

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Currently, small car quantity of residents in the our country city is raise year by year.The parking problem of in each city's living area is outstanding day by day. Aimming at the difficult problem of parking the car, The paper analysis the reason for producing it, probes the countermeasures and solutions to the parking problems in residential areas from two aspects of parking index and the way of parking facilities.

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9

Xie, Jin, Xiaofei Ye, Zhongzhen Yang, Xingchen Yan, Lili Lu, Zhen Yang, and Tao Wang. "Impact of Risk and Benefit on the Suppliers’ and Managers’ Intention of Shared Parking in Residential Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010268.

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Shared parking is not commonly applied in residential areas. The reason is that parking suppliers and managers believe that there are many uncertainties and conflicts in obtaining sharing benefits and taking sharing risks. To increase their acceptance of shared parking in residential areas, risk and benefit factors were identified by an influential analysis and a questionnaire survey. A research framework based on the structural equation model was developed to analyze the relationship between shared-parking risks, shared-parking benefits, management pressure, and intentions of parking suppliers and managers. The results showed that, to parking suppliers, the risks of shared parking have the largest effect on suppliers’ intention to apply shared parking by a standardized coefficient of −0.85, followed by the benefits of shared parking (0.29), and management pressures (−0.14). To the parking managers, management pressures have the largest effect on managers’ intention to apply shared parking by a standardized coefficient of −0.74, followed by the benefits of shared parking (0.52) and risks of shared parking (−0.46). These results can help in increasing parking suppliers’ and managers’ acceptance of shared parking in residential areas.

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10

Ma, Hui, Guo Hua Liang, Su Zhi Liang, and Hong Ying Liu. "Research on Mode Selection and Layout of Parking in the New Residential Quarter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3048–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3048.

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In order to make new residential quarters’ parking mode selection and layout become more rational which can response to the parking pressure bring by the growing private car to the residential quarter.By analyzing the factors of affecting parking model and characteristics of parking demand, studying on the characteristics and applicability of various parking models, derive the method of parking mode selection and allocation according to parking land use. Layout of the parking based on the shape of land, so as to meet most of the parking demand. The results show that the method is feasible to mode selection and layout of parking.

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11

Feng, Tian Jun, Chun Yan Liang, and Li Xin Wu. "Analysis of Parking in Urban Center Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2169.

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Parking time differences characteristics of the commercial and residential area of the city center area was discussed, actual case shows that the proportion of parking time is less than one hour accounted for 48.2% in commercial area, and the proportion of parking time is less than one hour accounted for 22.9% in residential area. The problem of parking in the central city was indicated, and the suggestions focusing on the problem of parking were put forward to improve operational efficiency and alleviate these problems of parking difficulty, parking chaos in central city.

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12

McCahill, Chris. "Factors Affecting Residential Parking Occupancy in Madison, Wisconsin." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, no. 1 (January 2017): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-08.

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Policy makers in urban areas throughout the United States are interested in managing parking provision and minimizing the negative impacts of excess parking, yet those policy makers often lack an understanding of how much the existing parking is used and how different factors affect its use. This paper presents a study of multifamily residential parking use and related factors at 80 sites in Madison, Wisconsin. Twenty-two factors, including neighborhood and building characteristics, are considered. During the evening peak, parking use ranges from 0 to 1.4 spaces per residential unit, and the existing supply is 67% occupied. This paper presents three simple models of parking occupancy that require only two neighborhood characteristics and three building characteristics. These models explain roughly two-thirds of the variation in occupancy. Neighborhood characteristics are highly collinear and explain roughly 40% of the variation. Building characteristics explain more than 50% of the variation. This work validates similar findings from prior studies of larger cities and also offers important guidance for practitioners in other cities to understand factors affecting parking demand and to develop models of their own. Given the vast amount of unused parking observed in this study, this work reinforces the notion that cities should implement policies to manage their supply better.

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13

Chubarova, D. "PROBLEMS OF PARKING FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE HOUSING." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-108-112.

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The article is devoted to revealing the problems of parking formation in the conditions of intensive housing construction. The article outlines the problems of formation, substantiates the need to review existing approaches to the architectural and spatial organization of parking lots in residential buildings. In the process of urbanization, the problem of efficient use of space for intensive housing and the formation of parking lots in its conditions becomes more relevant than ever. In the period of post-industrial development of the urban environment in the middle of the twentieth century. in connection with total motorization there is a need to create modern, environmentally friendly parking lots, which currently our cities are practically not equipped. Particularly acute is the issue of parking space in residential areas where there is a problem of chaotic parking due to improper organization of parking areas, which leads to a narrowing of the width of the carriageway; reducing the capacity of the road network; complicating the passage of special equipment (garbage trucks, fire trucks, ambulances, etc.). Construction of new housing in larger cities is mainly high-rise intensive construction, as the most profitable option for developers, who in turn pay little attention to the organization of parking lots. At present, cars are stored in the most inappropriate places: on sidewalks, lawns and even on playgrounds. Spontaneous parking in residential areas of cities leads to a sharp decrease in sanitary and hygienic indicators of the urban environment and to a negative impact on the health of citizens. The emergence of a large number of unorganized parking lots in residential areas leads to the degradation and destruction of landscape components of the urban environment, the territory of which is "captured" by car storage spaces. Given that despite the annual increase in the number of cars, our country still lags far behind more developed countries in this regard, the existing level of motorization turns urban housing into unorganized parking lots, which indicates the unresolved issue, as in theoretical , and in practical terms. The formation of comfortable and safe living conditions in the living environment is one of the priorities of urban planning, so the architects faced the task of solving the problem of forming parking lots in the existing intensive housing and developing new architectural and planning solutions for residential complexes with parking lots to build residential buildings. cramped areas with sufficient parking spaces.

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14

Guo, Zhan. "Residential Street Parking and Car Ownership." Journal of the American Planning Association 79, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2013.790100.

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15

Molenda, Inga, and Gernot Sieg. "Residential parking in vibrant city districts." Economics of Transportation 2, no. 4 (December 2013): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.02.002.

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16

Palevičius, Vytautas, Gražvydas Mykolas Paliulis, Juratė Venckauskaitė, and Boleslovas Vengrys. "EVALUATION OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR PASSENGER CAR PARKING SPACES USING MULTI-CRITERIA METHODS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.727463.

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The present situation shows that the parking infrastructure in residential areas of Vilnius does not satisfy the existing level of motorization. Every evening people come home from work and end up parking cars on lawns, cycle and pedestrian paths, playgrounds, fire accesses and etc. In Lithuania, this problem emerged with the growing number of cars. There have been attempts to address parking shortage issues 20–30 years ago by building metal above-ground garages and underground car parks; but such solutions focused on existing burning needs alone. As a result, the current parking situation in residential areas is chaotic. This problem stems from the ineffectiveness of responsible institutions, which maintain the status quo. Consequently – as no car parking development projects are planned and implemented as well as no required statistical data is collected regarding conditions of car parking and etc. – people are forced to look for a solution by themselves, thus end up parking on lawns or playgrounds. This article aims to apply multi-criteria solutions (Multiple Criteria Decision Making – MCDM), which would allow indicating the worst passenger car parking conditions in residential areas from the social, economic and environmental points of view. Besides, it pursues identifying and substantiating the choice of territories that require the development of car parking solutions.

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17

Gabbe, C. J., Gregory Pierce, and Gordon Clowers. "Parking policy: The effects of residential minimum parking requirements in Seattle." Land Use Policy 91 (February 2020): 104053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104053.

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18

Peng, Zhongren, Kenneth J. Dueker, and James G. Strathman. "Residential Location, Employment Location, and Commuter Responses to Parking Charges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1556, no. 1 (January 1996): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155600113.

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The effect of parking prices on mode choice for urban work travel is investigated, controlling for access to transit and residential and employment location. The analysis uses a nested multinomial logit model and is based on travel-activity data from the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Parking prices are estimated to have a significant influence on commuters' mode choices. Parking prices are also found to have divergent impacts on commuters using different modes or living in different areas. Suburban transit users are more responsive to parking price changes than central city transit users. Persons ridesharing are less sensitive to parking prices than those who drive alone. For suburban residents, those driving alone and ridesharing to work are less sensitive to parking prices than are central city residents. Employment location plays an important role in mode choice; those working in suburban areas tend to drive more and use transit less. Increased transit service alone has a fairly small effect on transit use. Increasing parking price and improving transit service at the same time provides an effective means of reducing solo driving and increasing transit use.

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19

Manukhina, Olga. "Development of urban transport infrastructure with the use of mechanized multi-level parking systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301038.

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In the article various variants of the decision of such acute problem, as shortage of parking places in system of a city infrastructure are considered. The necessity and expediency of constructing high-speed mechanized car parks for cars is caused by the acute problem of temporary and permanent storage of vehicles in the conditions of large cities, in places of intensive human flows such as the central part of the city, supermarkets, railway stations, shopping centers, as well as business centers and residential sector cities. To date, most of the real estate (residential buildings, hotels, offices, shopping and entertainment and multifunctional centers) are built with standard parking spaces. During the operation of such standard parking lots, the developer understands that the number of cars exceeds the number of parking spaces provided in the parking lot. The shortage of parking spaces and free parking areas significantly increases the importance of the construction and arrangement of multi-level parking lots. The system of high-altitude automatic parking lots offers a serious alternative to the generally accepted ideas about parking of vehicles [1].

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20

Xie, Dong, Chen Chen, and Lin Tang. "An Analyze on Parking Environment in Residential Areas of Xi’an." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3765.

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Private automobiles are popularizing among average families. At the same time, the problem of impropriate parking is also emerging which influences the quality of living environment in residential areas. Therefore, it is a priority to address the parking problems of private automobiles and create a harmonious living environment between human and automobiles in residential areas.

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21

Guo, Zhan. "Home parking convenience, household car usage, and implications to residential parking policies." Transport Policy 29 (September 2013): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.04.005.

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22

王, 秀. "Research of Residential Sharing Parking in Tangshan." Open Journal of Transportation Technologies 05, no. 01 (2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojtt.2016.51003.

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23

Akhunova, Inna, Larisa Tlekhurai-Berzegova, and Galina Guk. "Search for system solutions for the development of parking space in the residential area of the Maykop urban agglomeration." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100065.

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The growing number of personal cars in cities has given rise to the problem of congestion of city streets and roads, and as a result, a lack of parking spaces in the courtyards and adjoining territories of the existing residential development. One of the factors of chaotic parking of vehicles on the carriageway of the road network is the loading of courtyard and adjoining territories. As a result of the research carried out in this article, the authors propose system solutions for the development of parking space in the residential area of the urban agglomeration.

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24

Chullabodhi, Chakaphan, Saksith Chalermpong, Apiwat Ratanawaraha, and Hironori Kato. "Assessing Minimum Parking Requirements and Parking Capacities of Residential Development in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120947716.

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This paper examines whether minimum parking requirements affect parking provision in condominiums and what factors determine condominiums’ parking capacities. By calculating actual, required, and excess parking capacities, the paper finds that almost 90% of the sample condominiums in Bangkok and the surrounding municipalities in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region provide more parking spaces than required by law. The parking capacities in condominiums outside Bangkok are almost as high as those in Bangkok, despite their required minimums being half those of Bangkok. Only 11% of the sample condominiums provide the required minimums. The figure has decreased to zero in recent years, likely because of soaring land prices. These results suggest that developers’ decisions to provide parking are not determined by parking requirements but by market demand. Results from regression analyses show that parking capacities are determined by total floor area and number of dwelling units in a project, distance to the nearest transit station, and average unit price. Condominiums located in Bangkok are found to provide significantly more parking spaces than those in the suburban municipalities. This result has important policy implications for transit-oriented development, considering that accessibility to public transit is much better in Bangkok than the suburban areas.

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25

KIM, Sunghoe, Gyeongseok KIM, and Inju AHN. "A Study on the Parking Efficiency of Block Type Residential Parking Permit Program." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 37, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2019.37.1.001.

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26

Ostermeijer, Francis, Hans RA Koster, and Jos van Ommeren. "Residential parking costs and car ownership: Implications for parking policy and automated vehicles." Regional Science and Urban Economics 77 (July 2019): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.05.005.

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27

Taylor, Elizabeth Jean. "Parking policy: The politics and uneven use of residential parking space in Melbourne." Land Use Policy 91 (February 2020): 103706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.011.

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28

Zhang, Chu, Jun Chen, Zhibin Li, and Liangpeng Gao. "Market Segmentation Analysis of Commuter Parking Relative to Shared Private Residential Parking Spots." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 8 (May 14, 2018): 942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118772948.

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29

Yang, Xiao Bin, Zhi Long Chen, and Hao Cai. "The Research on the Impact of the Underground Parking to the Microclimate in Residential Quarter." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.178.

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Currently, more and more residential district have built the underground parking and created more water and green space use the ground. The environment has been improved. This paper analyzed the microclimate of two planning programs use the microclimate fluid dynamics simulation software Envi-met, that one is have been made the underground parking planning, the other one is haven't. The results include microclimate parameters air quality parameters (the distribution of CO2) and the outdoor thermal comfort parameters (mean radiant temperature). By comparing the results of the two programs, this paper quantitative analyzed the influence and benefits of the underground parking to the microclimate in residential quarter.

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30

Zhang, Wenhui, Fan Gao, Shurui Sun, Qiuying Yu, Jinjun Tang, and Bohang Liu. "A Distribution Model for Shared Parking in Residential Zones that Considers the Utilization Rate and the Walking Distance." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6147974.

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Efficient parking tends to be challenging in most large cities in China. Drivers often spend substantial amounts of time looking for parking lots while driving at low speeds, thereby resulting in interference with road traffic. This paper focuses on efficiently allocating parking spaces to the demanders. A double-objective model is proposed that considers both the utilizing rate and the walking distance. First, managers want to utilize parking resources fully. Therefore, they tend to prioritize the efficient distribution of parking spaces in response to parking demands. However, demanders typically choose parking spaces according to convenience. The second objective is the acceptable walking distance from the parking space to the destination. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve this model. We collected parking demand and supply data in a central business district (CBD) of Harbin in China and evaluated the feasibility of the model. The results demonstrate that the proposed model increases the occupying rates of parking lots in residential zones while decreasing the walking distance. The shared use of parking spaces maximizes the utility and alleviates the shortage of parking spaces in downtown.

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31

Escand, Pierre, Quanquan Chen, and Alison Conway. "Parking Conditions for Residential Delivery in New York City: A Case Study Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 9 (June 29, 2018): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783161.

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This study employed basic demand estimation, field observation, text analysis, and spatial analysis methods to examine the adequacy of the existing supply of commercial dedicated parking space in high-density areas of New York City to accommodate expected demand for direct-to-home deliveries. The study also examined the proximity of available commercial dedicated parking space to end delivery locations. The study estimated and mapped two performance metrics: (1) the share of on-street commercial dedicated parking demanded for expected U.S. Postal Service residential freight deliveries, and (2) the share of these package deliveries expected to occur within a reasonable walking distance of a commercial dedicated parking space. The study relies on a variety of open data sources and on limited field observations; owing to data limitations, and resulting assumptions for baseline analysis, sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results suggest that there is currently both a spatial and temporal mismatch between the commercial dedicated parking supply and expected residential delivery demand, and that shifts toward express deliveries may exacerbate this mismatch. Future research needs are also discussed.

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32

Rivasplata, Charles, Zhan Guo, Richard W. Lee, and David Keyon. "Residential On-Site Carsharing and Off-Street Parking in the San Francisco Bay Area, California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2359, no. 1 (January 2013): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2359-09.

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This research explores the recent practice of connecting on-site car-sharing service with off-street parking standards in multifamily developments; the San Francisco Bay Area, California, is used as a case study. If implemented well, such a policy could help boost the carsharing industry and reduce off-street parking, which is often criticized as being over-supplied as a result of excessive off-street parking standards. In 2011, the authors surveyed all carsharing sites in the Bay Area and all new residential developments (completed after 2000) with on-site carsharing spaces. The results showed that a significant number of carsharing spaces were located on residential properties, but 70% of the spaces had been retrofitted into existing buildings. For the new developments, on-site carsharing did not result in a reduction in the amount of regular off-street parking. Interviews with 15 professionals from three stakeholder groups (planners, developers, and service providers) revealed that even though all the stakeholders were in favor of on-site carsharing at residential developments, three major barriers existed: a lack of incentives, the complexity of access design, and high transaction costs.

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33

Cervero, Robert. "Transit-Oriented Development's Ridership Bonus: A Product of Self-Selection and Public Policies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 9 (September 2007): 2068–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38377.

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Transit-oriented development is shown to produce an appreciable ridership bonus in California. This is partly due to residential self-selection—that is, a lifestyle preference for transit-oriented living—as well as factors like employer-based policies that reduce free parking and automobile subsidies. Half-mile catchments of station areas appear to be indifference zones in the sense that residents generally ride transit regardless of local urban design attributes. Out-of-neighborhood attributes, like job accessibility and street connectivity at the destination, on the other hand, have a significant bearing on transit usage among station-area residents. The presence of self-selection, shown using nested logit modeling, underscores the importance of removing barriers to residential mobility so that households are able to sort themselves, via the marketplace, to locations well served by transit. Market-responsive zoning, flexible residential parking policies, location efficient mortgages, and adaptive reuse of parking lots are also promising tools for expanding the supply of transit-based housing.

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34

Wang, Yong Qiang. "Design of Residential Security Intelligent Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.852.

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The house safeguard includes residential buildings earthquake prevention, fire protection, underground parking, public regional environment, and residential internal safeguard, e.g.. The house safeguard intelligent monitoring system focuses on improving the humanistic environment and building a harmonious society.

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35

Li, Fei, and Zhan Guo. "Do Parking Maximums Deter Housing Development?" Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16688768.

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Local governments often see parking as an essential amenity to maintain competitiveness. Restrictive parking policy, therefore, could potentially deter investment and local development. This study examines the effect of residential parking restraints on multifamily housing supply in London, United Kingdom. We find that the effect varies with car ownership and usage levels. Restrictive parking maximums are associated with fewer multifamily housing developments in outer London but more developments in inner London, most of the latter being car-free developments. These results suggest that parking maximums may help restore the attractiveness of inner cities and promote smart growth.

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Manukhina, Lyubov. "Analysis of modern approaches to the organization of parking areas in major cities." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301037.

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This article is devoted to the study of the most urgent problem of large megacities such as acute shortage of free areas and an acute shortage of parking spaces. Modern methods of solving this problem are considered, foreign experience is learned and practical examples of mechanized multi-level parking in different countries. Currently, most of the residential property, as well as hotels and business centers are being built with standard parking spaces. During the operation of such parking lots, the developer understands that the number of parking spaces provided is significantly less than the number of cars that want to leave their car in the parking lot. The shortage of free parking spaces and parking spaces for parking lots significantly increases the importance of building and arranging multi-level parking lots. The system of high-altitude automatic parking lots offers a serious alternative to the generally accepted ideas about parking of vehicles.

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Brown, Anne, Vinit Mukhija, and Donald Shoup. "Converting Garages into Housing." Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17741965.

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Cities have a large supply of garages that could be converted into affordable housing in single-family neighborhoods, but minimum parking requirements prevent converting most of these garages into apartments. We examine how cities can relax off-street parking requirements for houses with converted garages. In Residential Parking Permit Districts, cities can limit the number of on-street parking permits allowed at any address with a second unit. This policy can remove on-street parking congestion as a reason for neighbors to oppose garage conversions, double the potential number of housing units in single-family neighborhoods, and increase the supply of safe, affordable housing.

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Okashita, Alex, and Richard Willson. "Impact of Market-Rate Residential Parking Permit Fees on Low-Income Households." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (September 20, 2019): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119878381.

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On-street parking is a poorly-managed public asset. In dense neighborhoods, this results in difficult space searches, neighborhood conflict, and opposition to housing development. Market-rate residential parking permit systems are a logical solution because they manage demand. However, these programs are regressive for low-income residents who buy a permit because the permit fee is a larger percentage of their income than for higher-income groups. This paper reports on a simulation of the burden of a market-based fee on households of different income classes using three low-income neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California. Data from the American Community Survey, Consumer Expenditure Survey, and primary parking counts are the model inputs. The outputs are measures of the increase in a household’s annual transportation expenditure, by income class, after a market-rate permit fee is implemented. The results show that market-rate programs are indeed regressive for households that purchase a permit. But because many low-income households do not have a car, do not park on-street, or pursue alternative options to buying a permit, the magnitude of the effect of income class is not as large as is often assumed. The study concludes that the regressive effect of a market-rate residential parking benefit district should not be an impediment to implementing such a scheme because low-income permit purchasers can be subsidized with permit revenue from higher-income drivers in the district, resources from higher-income parking districts, or both. Additionally, revenues can be used to support transportation modes that particularly benefit all low-income residents.

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Ji, Pengfei. "Research on the Laws Related to the Issues of Residential Parking Spaces and Parking Garages." Journal of Service Science and Management 08, no. 02 (2015): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2015.82027.

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Zhang, Chu, Jun Chen, Zhibin Li, and Yuanyuan Wu. "Predicting Owners’ Willingness to Share Private Residential Parking Spots." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 8 (May 14, 2018): 930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118772947.

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Groote, Jesper De, Jos Van Ommeren, and Hans R. A. Koster. "Car ownership and residential parking subsidies: Evidence from Amsterdam." Economics of Transportation 6 (June 2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2016.07.001.

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Willson, Richard. "A Day in the Life of a Parking Space: Testing a Parking Hour Utilization Metric." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, no. 1 (January 2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-11.

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The peak period utilization metric is the basis for most parking studies. This long-held practice frames the problem as being a limited number of peak occupancy periods. This practice became established when few parking management tools were available and the cost of parking was ignored. Although the effectiveness of parking management varies across context, many more tools are now available. For most land uses, basing supply decisions on peak period utilization leads to grossly oversupplying parking on a parking hour basis. “Parking hour utilization” is the percentage of total hours that a parking space is occupied per year. This paper demonstrates the parking hour utilization metric by using three suburban land uses in Southern California. The methodology employs field counts, air photo interpretation, and Urban Land Institute data to compare peak period and parking hour utilization. The results show low parking hour utilization in these freestanding suburban land uses that ranges from 20.3% for an office complex to 30.1% for a shopping mall and 60.1% for a multifamily residential development. The paper argues that this metric should be employed in parking studies so that parking supply decisions can be made with better information on the efficiency with which parking resources are used. Adopting this metric will lead to strategies, such as shared parking and peak period management, that better use parking resources.

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Zhang, Lei, Pei Pei Bao, and Qian Zhang. "Design of Commercial Plaza Situated near the Entrance of Residential Community." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2533.

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The commercial plaza situated near the entrance of residential district is commonly used in residential planning. This paper states the advantage of this method, and discusses the square special shape design methods include the form of the combination of business and square、Square scale 、the style and scale of architecture、roads and parking 、square landscape above these five aspect. It takes new concept for commercial space in residential district entrance.

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Martinez Mozos, Oscar, Kazuto Nakashima, Hojung Jung, Yumi Iwashita, and Ryo Kurazume. "Fukuoka datasets for place categorization." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919835603.

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This paper presents several multi-modal 3D datasets for the problem of categorization of places. In this problem. a robotic agent should decide on the type of place/environment where it is located (residential area, forest, etc.) using information gathered by its sensors. In addition to the 3D depth information, the datasets include additional modalities such as RGB or reflectance images. The observations were taken in different indoor and outdoor environments in Fukuoka city, Japan. Outdoor place categories include forests, urban areas, indoor parking, outdoor parking, coastal areas, and residential areas. Indoor place categories include corridors, offices, study rooms, kitchens, laboratories, and toilets. The datasets are available to download at http://robotics.ait.kyushu-u.ac.jp/kyushu_datasets .

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Liu, Qian, James Wang, Peng Chen, and Zuopeng Xiao. "How does parking interplay with the built environment and affect automobile commuting in high-density cities? A case study in China." Urban Studies 54, no. 14 (September 27, 2016): 3299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016667040.

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This study investigates an important but often overlooked problem – the interaction between parking and land use – to examine the effects of the built environment on car commuting. Using the case of Shenzhen, China, a structural equation model is employed to examine the tripartite relationship among the built environment, parking supply and car commuting. The parking–built environment relationship partly reflects the parking supply mechanism that is collectively influenced by the parking market and regulations. The results indicate that, because of the high cost of constructing parking, property developers are reluctant to build sufficient parking spaces for the residential population in densely built neighbourhoods with small lot sizes. However, minimum parking standards often lead to more parking provisions in dense central locations. Therefore, the benefits of compact land use and transit-oriented development (TOD) for reducing car use are either reinforced or offset depending on the various interrelationships between parking and the built environment. In the context of policy implications, a fine-grained urban fabric should be particularly supported, considering its significant effects in reducing car commuting, as well as its potential role in fostering a well-functioning parking market. Meanwhile, imposing parking caps in dense and central areas would be wise because parking oversupply encourages more car trips, which counteracts the sustainable merits of dense developments.

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Stubbs, Michael. "Car Parking and Residential Development: Sustainability, Design and Planning Policy, and Public Perceptions of Parking Provision." Journal of Urban Design 7, no. 2 (June 2002): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357480022000012249.

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Edwards, John D. "Downtown Traffic and Parking Needs Related to Downtown Economic Trends." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1552, no. 1 (January 1996): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155200115.

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Since the 1950s the economic trends for America's small downtowns (populations less than 50,000) have been characterized by reduced retail sales, vacant stores and buildings, reduced residential occupancy, reduced employment, and reduced assessed valuation. Most downtowns experiencing these conditions have reduced traffic as well. Downtown economic trends are inextricably reflected in traffic and parking needs. The research method used is a comparison of case study floor space, employment, assessed valuation, and traffic data for 1960 to 1970 with data collected from 1990 to 1995. The basic premise to be verified is that decreases in occupied floor space, employment, and residential units in the downtown area will be reflected in reduced traffic on Main Street and that reduced traffic and a comparable reduction in parking demand will allow the design of a more pedestrian-friendly downtown area, which in turn will encourage downtown revitalization. The research discusses trends in population growth and commuting downtown. Also covered are related comparisons of traffic volume trends on Main Street as well as changes in parking demand characteristics. Conclusions drawn from the research indicate that strategies for parking should be changed; that in most small downtowns (populations less than 50,000) congestion is not a significant problem; and that traffic-calming techniques should be practiced.

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Bannerman, R. T., D. W. Owens, R. B. Dodds, and N. J. Hornewer. "Sources of Pollutants in Wisconsin Stormwater." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0426.

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Rainfall runoff samples were collected from streets, parking lots, roofs, driveways, and lawns. These five source areas are located in residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in Madison, Wisconsin. Solids, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads were determined for all the source areas using measured concentrations and runoff volumes estimated by the Source Load and Management Model. Source areas with relatively large contaminant loads were identified as critical source areas for each land use. Streets are critical source areas for most contaminants in all the land uses. Parking lots are critical in the commercial and industrial land uses. Lawns and driveways contribute large phosphorus loads in the residential land use. Roofs produce significant zinc loads in the commercial and industrial land uses. Identification of critical source areas could reduce the amount of area needing best-management practices in two areas of Madison, Wisconsin. Targeting best-management practices to 14% of the residential area and 40% of the industrial area could significantly reduce contaminant loads by up to 75%.

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Rowe, Daniel, Stephanie Morse, Craig Ratchford, Peter Haas, and Sofia Becker. "Modeling of Multifamily Residential Parking Use in King County, Washington." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2469, no. 1 (January 2014): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2469-07.

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Rogers, Jonathan, Dan Emerine, Peter Haas, David Jackson, Peter Kauffmann, Rick Rybeck, and Ryan Westrom. "Estimating Parking Utilization in Multifamily Residential Buildings in Washington, D.C." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2568, no. 1 (January 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2568-11.

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