Journal articles on the topic 'Residential density regulation'
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1
Fadera, Williams, and Okedele Olaniyi. "Non-adherence to the residential private open space to building footprint coverage regulations in Lagos state: a research-evidenced need for introspection." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 25, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2022-0008.
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Abstract Residential private open spaces are instrumental to the creation of pleasant residential environments, contributing to the individual character, identity, and appearance of the residential area. Therefore, the problem of inadequate percentage of the residential private open spaces prevents the urban residential environment from attaining city sustainability. This problem is rooted in the non-adherence to building regulation standards especially in cities in Nigeria. In metropolitan Lagos, a study of three selected medium density residential estates reveals a non-adherence to the building regulation for the private open space to building footprint coverage ratios in the residential estates. The research method used in this study is methodological triangulation employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sampling is based on multistage cluster sampling, and the data collection tools were high resolution satellite imagery, survey (through the administration of questionnaires). The results of the study reveal that in the medium density residential estates, a typical spatial pattern of the residential private open spaces from imagery classification data and ground truth data have ratios that indicate 70% of the Residential lot is for building footprint coverage while 30% is reserved for private open space as opposed to the specification by the Lagos state building regulation which specifies that 60% should be reserved for building footprint coverage and 40% for private open space. In conclusion, it is imperative that there be an introspection and a possible review of the Lagos state building regulation in the face of 21st century realities of the Lagos metropolitan population demands.
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Ewing, Reid. "Sketch Planning a Street Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1722, no. 1 (January 2000): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1722-09.
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A sketch planning methodology is used to determine the optimal spacing of through streets as a function of residential density. Unlike earlier efforts to relate street spacing to residential density, this methodology accounts for changes in mode share, trip length, time of travel, and intersection capacity as residential density increases. The methodology is transferable to other areas by modifying assumptions relating to travel demand and street network characteristics. Planners can derive their own spacing requirements for purposes of community master planning, site-plan review and approval, access management, or zoning and subdivision regulation.
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Ustaoglu, Eda, and Chris Jacobs-Crisioni. "What Drives Residential Land Expansion and Densification? An Analysis of Growing and Shrinking Regions." Land 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101679.
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While the driving factors of urban growth and urban sprawl have repeatedly been studied, the implications for residential densities presumably differ in growing and shrinking regions. Thus far, those differences have received little attention. This paper examined the dynamics of urban growth and shrinkage across EU regions, using residential densities as an explanatory factor to analyse the underlying dynamics. To do so, detailed spatial data on various potentially relevant factors were used in regression methods to establish the relevance of those factors for residential expansion and densification in growing and shrinking EU regions between the years 2000 and 2010. We found that expansion and densification processes are affected by population size, prior residential density, land supply, accessibility, agricultural land rent, physical factors, public regulation, and regional characteristics. The results of this study can confirm that residential expansion is driven differently in declining regions than in regions with population growth. Models explaining residential density changes also yield different results in declining regions.
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Ng, Edward. "Studies on daylight design and regulation of high-density residential housing in Hong Kong." Lighting Research and Technology 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1477153503li087oa.
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Mohammed, Murtala Uba, Murtala M. Badamasi, Fahad Usman, Zakariyya Uba Zango, John Ojur Dennis, Abdul’aziz I. Aljameel, Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali, Osamah A. Aldaghri, Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf, and Tasneem Mohammed Hussein. "Towards Urban Sustainability: Developing Noise Prediction Model in an Informal Setting." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 9071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189071.
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Noise remains an important challenge, particularly in informal settings where planning and regulation are relatively weak. This study aims at developing a model to predict noise in a largely informal urban Kano, the second most populated city in Nigeria. Sound level meter (SLM) 200 TL was used to measure noise at locations covering different land use: residential, industrial, commercial, educational, and administrative areas. Data were collected for seven days, and each day measurements were taken for six hours: 8–10 a.m., 12–2 p.m. and 4–6 p.m. Land use, population density, residential division, traffic volume, and land cover were used to generate a noise model using weighted geographic regression. The findings revealed that noise in the area is higher than the permissible limits set by the WHO and Nigeria’s regulatory agency. The model identified population density as the most influencing factor, followed by land cover, traffic volume and distance to the road, then land use. Seventy three percent of the model’s residual are below five, indicating a significant association between noise and the variables used. The R2 ranges between 18% and 26% depending on the time of the day. Noise in the area can be effectively control by paying serious attention to city planning and enforcing traffic regulation measures.
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Troy, Laurence. "The politics of urban renewal in Sydney’s residential apartment market." Urban Studies 55, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017695459.
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Australia has long had a deeply speculative housing property market. Arguably this has been accentuated in recent years as successive governments have privileged private-sector investment in housing property as the key mechanism for delivering housing and a concurrent winding back of direct government support for housing. This has occurred through a period in which urban renewal and flexible planning regulation have become the key focus of urban planning policy to deliver on compact city ambitions in the name of sustainability. There has been a tendency to read many of the higher density housing outcomes as a relatively homogenous component of the housing market. There has been a comparative lack of critical engagement with differentiated spatial, physical and socio-economic outcomes within the higher density housing market. This paper will explore the interactions between flexible design-based planning policies, the local property market and physical outcomes. Different parts of the property development industry produced distinctive social and physical outcomes within the same regulatory space. Each response was infused with similar politics of exclusion and privilege in which capacity to pay regulated both access and standard of housing accessible, opening new socio-economic divisions within Australia’s housing landscape.
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Liu, Xinmin, Lu Sun, Qiuxia Sun, and Ge Gao. "Spatial Variation of Taxi Demand Using GPS Trajectories and POI Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7621576.
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Taxi as a door-to-door, all-weather way of travel is an important part of the urban transportation system. A fundamental understanding of temporal-spatial variation and its related influential factors are essential for taxi regulation and urban planning. In this paper, we explore the correlation between taxi demand and socio-economic, transport system and land use patterns based on taxi GPS trajectory and POI (point of interest) data of Qingdao City. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is used to describe the influence factors of spatial heterogeneity of the taxi demand and visualize the spatial distributions of parameter estimations. Results indicate that during the peak hours, there are some differences in taxi demand between workdays and weekends. Residential density and housing prices increase the number of taxi trips. Road density, parking lot density and bus station density are positively associated with the taxi demand. It is also found that the higher of the proportion of commercial area and public service area, the greater of the taxi demand, while the proportion of residential area and the land use mix have a negative impact on taxi demand. This paper provides some references for understanding the internal urban environmental factors generating from the taxi travel demand, and provides insights for reducing the taxi vacancy rate, forecasting taxi temporal-spatial demand and urban public transportation system planning.
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Spektor, Ludmila, and Eduard Genzuk. "Legal regulation of tourism activities in rural areas." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127309007.
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Rural territories may benefit from the entrepreneurial dynamics created by small tourism businesses, especially if associated to lifestyle motivations of respective entrepreneurs. Despite distrust amongst some researchers regarding small tourism businesses' contribution to rural economies, their potential role for enhancing rural development, should not be neglected. Rural tourism has grown in many rural regions worldwide and today it is a stable driver of rural social and economic development. In this paper we argue that rural tourism growth should follow a divergent path from sea tourism development, because failing to do so would likely push rural tourism toward mass tourism, resulting in a harmful twofold effect: given that mass tourism requires built-up expansion to accommodate larger number of tourists, in rural areas this will certainly compromise the beauty of the landscape which is a fundamental local resource for rural tourism; built-up growth required to satisfy seaside mass tourism expectations is often characterized as holiday resorts, artificial villages, and residential high-density condos, with a consequent loss of cultural-traditional identity, which is also a key element for rural landscapes’ attractiveness.
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Aldiansyah, Septianto, and Adi Wibowo. "Aplikasi Metode Spatial Multi Criteria Analisysis untuk Pengembangan Kawasan Permukiman (Studi Kasus: Re-Evaluasi RTRW Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)." Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v6i2.7481.
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Southeast Sulawesi is a province that has become one of the destinations for transmigration and urbanization due to its low population density and abundant natural resources. This area is supported by the existence of supporting sectors such as agriculture, service industry, animal husbandry, fisheries, tourism and culture. This potential can lead to an increase in population and have an impact on increasing the need for residential land. Land suitability analysis is very important and relevant as a basis for reference in regional development to anticipate impacts that will occur in the future. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the suitability of residential areas in Southeast Sulawesi Province based on the RTRW of Southeast Sulawesi Province and the Regional Regulation of Southeast Sulawesi Province No. 2 of 2014. The method used is Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis (SMCA) because it excels in location determination analysis and decision making. The results show that there are 373,598.3 hectares of land in Southeast Sulawesi that are suitable and can be developed for residential areas. The evaluation of the RTRW found deviations in the actualization of spatial planning, especially in the Protected and Cultivated Areas. Therefore, this study can be used as an initial reference in re-evaluating the RTRW of Southeast Sulawesi Province.
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Prevedouros, Panos D., and B. Prasad. "Residents' Perceptions and Field Measurements of Helicopter Operations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1559, no. 1 (January 1996): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155900107.
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Despite the considerable research in the area of perceptions and annoyance in relation to noise levels research outside the context of commercial airports and military bases is lacking. Little is known about reactions to helicopter operations in areas where such disturbances are unexpected. Examples of such locations include several national parks and various communities in Hawaii affected by tour operations. A special federal aviation regulation has been enacted for the Grand Canyon National Park, and others may be precipitated from Public Law 100-91. At present, however, no legislative initiatives cover residential communities. The basic question that the research attempted to answer was whether, in towns of low-residential-density, exposure to loud, frequent, or long-lasting helicopter overflights corresponds to a negative attitude toward helicopter tour operations. Perceptual and actual noise measurements were collected, the former with a mail-back questionnaire survey and the latter with an extensive field survey. Investigations in four communities focused on potential relationships between people's annoyance and actual operational characteristics, such as noise intensity, frequency, and overflight duration. The expectation was substantiated that more exposure to helicopter overflights, particularly in terms of frequency and duration, relates to increasing annoyance.
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Utami, Melyn, Dhil's Noviades, and Iskandar Zulkarnain. "Fungsi Kepala Desa Terhadap Pengelolaan Lingkungan Permukiman Masyarakat Desa Di Desa Selat Kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batanghari." Mendapo: Journal of Administrative Law 3, no. 3 (October 22, 2022): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/mendapo.v3i3.18826.
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A good and healthy environment is a basic right of every Indonesian citizen as mandated in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Origin rights, and/or traditional rights recognized and respected in the government system, led by the Head The village as the village government is assisted by the village apparatus as an element of village administration. The Village Head is in charge of administering Village Administration, implementing Village Development, Village community development, and empowering Village communities. Batanghari Regency Regional Regulation Article 113 paragraph (2) Letter f Elucidation in paragraph (2) General Provisions for Zoning Regulations for Settlement Areas other regulations that covering residential areas that have a high density and tend to be slums, it is necessary to improve the environment in a participatory manner in number 2 article 113 paragraph (2) letter f. The purpose of this study is how the function of the village head is to the problems faced in terms of settlements, as well as the development of productive settlements in Selat Village, Pemayung District, Batanghari Regency. The research method used is empirical juridical and qualitatively descriptive with the elaboration and description of the problems regarding the population in the Straits Village.
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Al-Azab, Suhad Isaaf, and Othman M. Ghnaim. "Housing Patterns from the Perspective of the Provisions of Regulation and Housing Density: Salt City as Case Study." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.2.573.589.
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The study aimed to present and analyze housing patterns from the perspective of the provisions of regulation and housing density in the city of Salt, and to achieve its goals, the descriptive approach was used. The study data were collected and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics methods, deduction and extrapolation methods, and categorical analysis using GIS technology. Results revealed that the housing pattern of the category of organization (D) concentrated in the city center on the basis that it is the oldest part in it, followed by the category (C) housing pattern, and the more we head towards the outskirts of the city, the greater categories of housing (housing A + housing B + private housing + agricultural housing. Additionally, the housing category (D + C) is almost not existed in the outskirts of the city. The results confirmed the fact that the city has a dual urban personality; the old personality which is dominated by (D + C) housing pattern, while the modern urban personality is dominated by housing with an organized category (A + B + Private + Agricultural). It is also noted that the housing density rises in the housing pattern of the organizational category (D) and decreases in the housing patterns in the categories A, B, and C and in the private and agricultural housing. The study recommended that decision makers and planners in the city of Salt should look at the most important factors affecting population growth and housing density during the design process of the city's population policies, in addition to stop giving permits for construction in the old city neighborhoods to preserve the architectural heritage style that distinguishes the city and determines its identity, as many buildings have been demolished under the pretext of revamping the residential building.
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Dewata, Kadek Ocean, Ni Ketut Agusintadewi, and Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi. "Territoriality characteristics in housing of Kampung Bugis, Buleleng Regency, Bali." astonjadro 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v12i1.7909.
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<p>One of the less well-organized residential areas in Buleleng is the Kampung Bugis settlement. The development of the Bugis Village settlement as one of the densest settlements in Buleleng does not get good regulation and control so that the village environment tends to be slum, disorganized, uncomfortable and unhealthy. The existence of Bugis Village which is increasingly dense by residents also has an impact on the density of buildings in residential areas. Unfortunately, this condition is not balanced with the arrangement and sufficient land area. Due to the high environmental pressure, residents become spatially motivated by creating “new spaces” to meet their individual needs. This is very interesting to examine so that in the future it can be used as a reference for the development of residential areas in the future. Territoriality characteristics that occur in Bugis Village are as follows, land ownership status does not really affect the formation of territorial boundaries, boundary elements are not always a marker of social identity, space that has the highest privacy always has firm territorial boundaries, space resulting from territorial expansion tends to use semi-fixed elements as a territorial marker. This happens because there is still awareness from the residents of the settlements that the expanded land is legally not their property. The territoriality formed in settlements is generally to fulfill six main needs/activities, namely: drying, gathering/playing, trading, storing goods, parking and socializing. Apart from being a territorial marker, some of the boundary elements are an embodiment of aesthetic needs.</p>
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Wu, Yanyan, and Jiadong Yuan. "Is There a Regulation in the Expansion of Urban Spatial Structure? Empirical Study from the Main Urban Area in Zhengzhou, China." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052883.
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The city is a fundamental regional unit of development. Urban spatial structure is a relationship performance among the physical environment, functional activities, and cultural values. Identifying the urban spatial structure and functional areas accurately is of great significance for optimizing urban planning and promoting urban development. Previous studies have focused on the distribution for the single-functional area in some big cities and urban agglomerations from a view of a static time node, with little focus on multifunctional areas’ distribution from the perspective of comprehensive evolutionary in underdeveloped regions, especially in provincial capitals in the Central Chinese region. Therefore, taking Zhengzhou, a representative National Central City in the undeveloped central part of China as an example, we investigate urban spatial sprawling in the main urban area. Our interest is twofold. Firstly, we investigate the urban center as to whether, and to what extent, scaling in the spatial structure. The second point of importance concerns the comparison of specific types of functional area in the spatial structure and morphology from a microlevel perspective. The identification framework has been constructed to identify and evaluate the urban spatial structure. The research shows the following: (i) There is a strong correlation between the urban center which is extracted and the density in spatial distribution. The density value of POIs decreases from the urban center to the suburbs. This result is in line with objective facts. (ii) The urban center area has expanded by 25.16 km2 in 2 years. In the center of the main urban area of Zhengzhou, it is generally accepted that the spatial structure pattern monocentric, but is polycentrically patterned in function. The compactness is increasing in the urban center area. (iii) By identifying the mixed functional area, it presents a circle-layer expanded layout with the comprehensive functional area as the core in 2016 and 2018. The comprehensive functional area has developed significantly and maturely, and in the multifunctional area, the development of the public–residential–business functional area and the public–residential–leisure functional area is relatively mature. In short, this study not only helps strategic planners to strengthen refined management, practical planning, construction, and management integration but also to assess whether policies or actions have been delivered as effectively as planned by identifying the urban spatial structure and revealing the evolution regulation.
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Yue, Wenze, Yang Chen, Qun Zhang, and Yong Liu. "Spatial Explicit Assessment of Urban Vitality Using Multi-Source Data: A Case of Shanghai, China." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030638.
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Identifying urban vitality in large cities is critical for optimizing the urban fabric. While great attention has been paid to urban vitality in developed countries, related studies have been rarely conducted in developing countries. In this study, we defined urban vitality as the capacity of an urban built environment to boost lively social activities and developed a framework for measuring urban vitality using the dimensions of built environment, human activities, and human–environment interaction. Taking Shanghai, China as a case, we conducted a measurement of urban vitality using multi-source data. The results show that Shanghai follows a monocentric vital pattern within the outer ring road, with urban vitality declining from the central urban core to the city periphery. While the old urban cores tend to show high urban vitality, Pudong New Area is mostly dominated by low vitality. Three clusters with high urban vitality were identified: the old urban area, the Lujiazui CBD, and residential agglomeration areas. We conducted validation of the measuring results using phone usage density. Urban vitality showed a positive correlation with phone usage density, indicating a high accuracy of assessment. We also discovered that European-style block planning, zoning plan, mixed-functional development, urban renewal regulation, and migrant concentration were playing leading role in urban vitality of Shanghai.
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Guo, Xiaofeng, Alain Pascal Goumba, and Cheng Wang. "Comparison of Direct and Indirect Active Thermal Energy Storage Strategies for Large-Scale Solar Heating Systems." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101948.
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Large-scale solar heating for the building sector requires an adequate Thermal Energy Storage (TES) strategy. TES plays the role of load shifting between the energy demand and the solar irradiance and thus makes the annual production optimal. In this study, we report a simplified algorithm uniquely based on energy flux, to evaluate the role of active TES on the annual performance of a large-scale solar heating for residential thermal energy supply. The program considers different types of TES, i.e., direct and indirect, as well as their specifications in terms of capacity, storage density, charging/discharging limits, etc. Our result confirms the auto-regulation ability of indirect (latent using Phase Change Material (PCM), or Borehole thermal storage (BTES) in soil) TES which makes the annual performance comparable to that of direct (sensible with hot water) TES. The charging and discharging restrictions of the latent TES, until now considered as a weak point, could retard the achievement of fully-charged situation and prolong the charging process. With its compact volume, the indirect TES turns to be promising for large-scale solar thermal application.
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GIYASOV, B. I., and B. M. GUROVICH. "INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING STRUCTURE MODERN URBAN DEVELOPMENT FOR ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENT." Building and reconstruction 103, no. 5 (2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-103-5-94-103.
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The modern urban environment, as an urbanized area, is a high-tech environment where citizens lead an active lifestyle and economic activity. As a result of the growth of the urban population, there is a need to develop the urban territory: urban spatial objects are being improved, the number of residential and public buildings is growing, transport networks and engineering infrastructure are developing. As a result, the density of urban development increases and the intensity of traffic flows increases. Such rapid changes in urban space seriously affect the ecology of the environment. In addition, anthropogenic factors resulting from the active economic activity of citizens create an additional burden on the ecology of the urban environment. In this regard, the issue of the formation of ecology in modern cities is becoming increasingly important. The presented article is devoted to the analysis of factors affecting the ecological state of modern megacities. Causes of violation of aeration of the urban environment, revealed in the process of research, can be taken into account in urban planning. The regulation of air flows of thermal origin, arising in the yard spaces, promotes air circulation in closed yard spaces, which will improve the ecological state of the air environment.
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Gao, Yuan, Sina Shahab, and Negar Ahmadpoor. "Morphology of Urban Villages in China: A Case Study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou." Urban Science 4, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4020023.
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Urban villages play an important role in providing affordable housing to urban migrants in Chinese cities. They are considered as supplementary to the dual rural-urban system in China. Of central importance to studying urban villages is how the morphology of these informal settlements affects urban life. It is essential for urban planners and designers to examine the morphology of urban villages. This paper, therefore, investigates the morphology of urban villages using the case study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou, China. The morphology of this urban village is tested against four main elements of urban morphology: urban density, accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Our results revealed that the type of street within the urban village has considerable influence on accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Regarding urban density, our results show that buildings’ height is not influenced by the centrality of buildings nor land value; however, it is likely that it is affected by planning agreements between the village committee and the local government. Land coverage does not comply with the planning regulation for residential districts. Regarding accessibility analysis, the number of entrances to streets is influenced by the type of street under analysis. The distribution of different types of functional mix is also affected by the type of street within the urban village. The buildings with a mix of ‘live/visit’ are concentrated along the formal streets and primary inner streets. The mono-functional use of ‘live’ and the bi-functional mix of ‘live/work’ are mostly located in the secondary inner streets. Regarding urban interface, our results demonstrate that the formal streets have an interface with considerable porosity, and that this can contribute to the livelihood of the immediate area.
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Karsidi, Ravik, Okid Parama Astirin, and Winny Astuti. "Waste management for achieving sustainable management of water and sanitation in Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184804004.
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Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) is the biggest university in Surakarta Central Java Indonesia, which was established on March 11th, 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1976. Commitmen of UNS toward Green Campus began in 2012 by Rector Decree 7nd of August 2012. Land size of UNS, whis is only 60 ha becomes constraints in development of Green Campus Initiatives. In 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals gives attention to huge increased of urbanization thus cities and human settlements face the problems of high density, economies of agglomeration link economy, energy, environment, science, technology and social and economic output [2]. The Problem of Water and Sanitation becomes big issues of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is stated in the Goal 6 out of 17 Goals. Goal 6 not only addresses Clean water sanitation and health but also quality and sustainability of water resources all over the world. Universitas Sebelas Maret is one of Campus in Indonesia, which has awareness toward water and sanitation, especially related to the problem of waste. Liquid waste has become problems for a long time in UNS, when domestic liquid waste has come from residential areas surrounding campus passed through the lake in campus before finally flowing to Bengawan Solo River. This causes euthropication and sedimentation of the lake of UNS, which had impact on extremelly decreased the function of the pond estetically and functionally. By partnership with the Ministry of Public Works anad Spatial Planning in 2017, UNS has built Integrated Waste Water Treatment, which treats domestic liquid waste from residential area surrounding campus and internal campus becomes recycled clean water. In spite of that, UNS also treats organic waste of fall leafs through composting units and manages chemical hazardous waste according to the Indonesian regulation issued by Ministry of Environment. Several efforts of UNS related to Waste Management have contribution to achieving SDGs especially Goal 6: ensure availability and sustainable management of water a sanitation for all [2]. This contributes for improving water quality by reducing pollutions, dumping, minimizing chemical hazardous waste, increasing recycled and safe reuse of water on Campus.
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Muhamad, Mujahidin, Suhendra Tonny, Nugraha Sapta, Rusfa, and Paramita Bunga. "Protection of Impact Electromagnetic Radiation on Public Health and Environment, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 324 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132405004.
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A penetration of SUTET trajectory in residential areas, causing public health problems and environmental problems. Development of the electrical energy sector, regulation the increasing electricity demand. Distribution electricity from inter-GI generating centers requires SUTET in the air with a voltage above 245kV. The community assesses health impact that operates mostly with the voltage of 500 kV, >1000mA/m2, can cause heart problems, extrasystole rhythms, and ventricular fibrillation Electrical sensitivity. A simple method and integrating the divergence shift flux density a radiation point, a method proposed from Strokes theorem relates the closed line integral vector field to curl surface integral and divergence theorem which relates the surface integral a closed vector field to integral volume and divergence vector field, this experiment electric field produced by the line charge is directed radially away from the line charge, so the direction lines electric field(E), and equipotential surfaces perpendicular to each other. This study is a collection of symptoms hypersensitivity, comprehensively, and a potential difference between two points in the electric field, which has the performance of charge unity in responding to charge from both points the area, the solution is environmental-based management. Ionizing radiation is the dispersion or emission energy when through a medium, absorption process occurs, and radiation energy beam does not induce, results in vector potential having magnitude is inversely proportional the radial distance from the element which is similar to inverse distance dependence scalar potential. In conclusion, take steps to empower the community for residents in the area SUTET.
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Ding, Sheng, Chengmei Xu, Yao Rao, Zhaofang Song, Wangwang Yang, Zexu Chen, and Zitong Zhang. "A Time-Varying Potential Evaluation Method for Electric Vehicle Group Demand Response Driven by Small Sample Data." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095281.
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Electric vehicle (EV) loads are playing an increasingly important role in improving the flexibility of power grid operation. The prerequisite for EV loads to participate in demand response (DR) is that the DR regulation strategy and corresponding DR potential must be accurately analyzed and evaluated. However, due to the uncertainty and differences in travel and charging behavior, DR potentials of EVs exhibit randomness and differ in time and space. In addition, it is difficult to obtain refined travel data and charging load data of large-scale EVs. Accordingly, this paper focuses on how to consider the various influencing factors of potential, and realize the quantitative evaluation of DR time-varying potential of an EV group based on small sample data. First, a travel activity model of the EV is established. Based on the actual travel data, the probability distributions of the key parameters of the travel model are obtained by kernel density estimation and probability statistical fitting. Then, combined with the charging behavior model, and based on Monte Carlo simulation, the load curve of the EV in a residential area is predicted. Considering the travel need of the EV, the peak-shaving potential, vehicle-to-grid discharge potential, and valley-filling potential of the EV under different DR strategies are calculated and analyzed, and the time-varying characteristics of the potential are analyzed. Finally, a case study is carried out with the actual data. The results show that the DR time-varying potential under different time periods and control strategies can be effectively evaluated. The maximum peak-shaving potential of 1000 EV aggregates is 2.7 MW, and the minimum is 0.25 MW. The maximum valley-filling potential is 2.1 MW, and the minimum is 0.3 MW. The research results can provide effective guidance for EVs to participate in day-ahead scheduling, and for the screening of target EVs.
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Boukarta, Soufiane, and Ewa Berezowska-Azzag. "Assessing Households’ Gas and Electricity Consumption: A Case Study of Djelfa, Algeria." Quaestiones Geographicae 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0034.
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Abstract Households are the major energy consumer and contributor to the emission of greenhouse gases. The Algerian policy of mastering energy has improved building energy efficiency since 1994 by introducing thermal regulation (DTR). However, energy consumption is still increasing instead of decreasing, which is mainly due to occupants’ behaviour which is difficult to estimate and predict. This paper explores the impact of households and housing characteristics on residential gas and electricity consumption in the 36 municipalities of the department of Djelfa (Algeria) which is located in an arid and semi-arid climate zone. This paper is based on GIS and statistical techniques. It considers the yearly gas and electricity energy consumption (2013) of the municipalities of the department of Djelfa. The method is organised in four steps: (a) a multiple linear regression is used to construct two estimative models of gas and electricity. The models have more than 93% of accuracy for both gas and electricity models; (b) estimating gas and electricity consumption for 2008 according to the developed models; (c) organisation of the census data of 2008 in five dimensions: the population distribution, household characteristics, housing type and occupancy, and finally household appliance ownership; (d) a set of sensitivity analysis is performed based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s bivariate correlation and finally a path analysis is performed based on Structural Equation Model (SEM) to assess the importance of each variable. The overall impact of all these variables indicates that increasing the household size is the first factor reducing the electricity and gas consumption followed by the housing surface, density, room occupancy, and older households, while increasing the education level and appliance ownership boosts both per-capita gas and electricity consumption.
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Alchimovienė, Jurgita, and Neringa Gudienė. "ANALYSIS OF TERRITORY PLANNING REGULATIONS CONCERNING MODERNIZATION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.027.
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Territory planning instructions of residential areas (quarters) are analyzed in this article. In Lithuania there is no validated united normative database for territory planning, which could regulate renovation of residential quarters. Accordingly, it is an actual problem. Modernization of blocks of flats is widely analyzed and it causes a lot of discussions recently. Modernization could be fulfilled more efficiently in quarters or even residential areas. Consequently, territorial spatial planning of areas (quarters) is very important. This article covers analysis of terms of a residential area and a quarter, building intensity and building density, functional zones, regulations of territory management and use, greenery, social infrastructure. Also a quality of life, depreciation of buildings and a priority of renovation of residential areas is examined.
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Jeong, Jeong-Ho. "Prediction and Evaluation of Emergency Broadcasting Sound and Speech Intelligibility for Safety Zones in High-rise Buildings." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.91d2fd5b.
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As construction of high-rise buildings is increasing, the installation of a fire safety zone for the safe evacuation of residents has become mandatory. Even for building complexes with an underground connection between 30 and 49 stories, a fire safety zone must be installed when the residential density exceeds 1.5 people per square meter. In the fire safety zone, an automatic fire detection system and a system to assist radio communication must be installed. In addition, an emergency broadcasting system must be installed to announce the fire situation and to guide the safe evacuation of the residents. The fire safety zone was constructed with non-combustible material to minimize flames or smoke and was furnished to maintain a very low fire load. However, non-combustible materials have very low sound absorption characteristics; therefore, they usually reflect the sound energy into the spaces. In spaces consisting of sound reflective materials, the emergency broadcasting sounds reverberated, making it difficult to understand the meaning of the broadcasted sound. In this study, the room acoustics characteristics for fire safety zones in a high-rise building, represented as reverberation time and speech transmission index, were predicted using a certified room acoustics simulation method and evaluation of speech intelligibility. As a result of predicting the acoustic characteristics of the safety zone, it was found that the space had quite long reverberation and speech intelligibility was low, making it difficult to clearly transmit the emergency broadcast sound. When a safety zone was set up in a part of the machinery room, it was confirmed that it was difficult to clearly transmit the emergency broadcast sound, even when the background noise level was louder than 70 dB(A). To deliver a clear emergency broadcast sound in the safety zone, it is necessary to use inorganic sound-absorbing materials and to properly block noise in the machine room. In addition, it is necessary to establish guidelines for regulation of the speech transmission index for emergency broadcasting systems.
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Matys, Wojciech. "Biologically active area in low-rise high-denisty housing development with an example of Bialystok." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1506.
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The biologically active area is one of the most important elements of residential development. Its size is determined by the percentage factor established in local spatial development plans and laws regulations. The publication was set minimum values for this ratio for single-family and multi-family housing, and the outcomes were compared with a new type of housing, currently popular in Poland, low-rise high-density residential development. The studies were done on the example of the city of Bialystok, where there are many buildings of this new type of housing.
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Sumardjo, A. Firmansyah, L. Dharmawan, A. Kriswatriyono, and YP Wulandari. "Environmental Management System Toward Sustainable Development Goals Achievement Base on Community Empowerment in Peri-Urban." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012067.
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Abstract Environmental problems in peri-urban communities in the North Coast of Java region are particularly closely related to flooding, waste, and disease prevalence. Regulations in the form of laws, government regualtions, ministerial regulation, and local regualtion have been issued relating to the handling of residential environmental problems. These regulations show how important this environmental problem is, especially in urban areas. The objectives of this study is to analyze the community-based waste management program with a systems approach. The methods used are participatory rural community appraisal (PRCA) and participatory action research (PAR) in peri-urban communities in Bekasi Regency. Field researchers were placed and lived during research at the study site. The results show that a community-based environmental management system, apart from helping overcome environmental problems, can be an effort to strengthen the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). An essential factor in the environmental management system is a participatory approach to community empowerment. The community-based environmental management system model produced in the empowerment process has the potential to become an alternative model for environmental management in densely populated cities facing the threat of floods and other environmental problems and the achievement of SDGs.
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Pengyu, Ren, and Liu Zhaoxia. "Planning and Construction of Sports Facilities in Urban Residential Areas in China." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0025.
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The function, utilization, and resource allocation of sport facilities in residential areas have attracted increasing attention in China along with the country's rapid economic development and the popularization of the health concept. To optimize the allocation of public sports resources and develop functions for sports facilities in China, this study analyzed existing policies concerning the planning and construction of sports facilities in residential areas and actual problems in the operation, management, and construction of sports facilities in the country. The analysis was conducted using document, investigation and expert consultation methods. Corresponding improvement measures were proposed by combining actual situations of urban sport participation of residents. Sports facilities in urban residential areas in China are facing various problems, such as inadequate quantity, uneven layout, poor management, and imperfect related laws and regulations as well as planning policies. Formulating sports facility planning policies and updating existing sports facilities are beneficial in relieving the sports facility shortage caused by the increased, diversified, and actual demands of residents. These measures could also guide the future construction of sports facilities in residential areas in high-density cities in China.
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Massyn, Mark William, Robert McGaffin, Francois Viruly, and Nicole Hopkins. "The challenge of developing higher density, affordable housing in the inner city of Cape Town." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2014-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the economics of providing well-located housing in the inner city of Cape Town. The paper emphasises the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the viability and affordability of the product offered to the market and overcoming the value versus cost challenges. While developers have limited influence over value, they do have influence over cost structures through the development approach that is chosen. Moreover, local authorities influence the viability of projects through standards and regulations. The conclusion drawn from the research has considerable implications for the formulation of market-driven housing policy interventions. Design/methodology/approach – In addition to the review of urban economics theory and the literature on the drivers and costs of inner-city, higher-density residential development, a series of interviews with inner-city residential developers was conducted to access current property development cost data and to identify the parameters that determine the viability of inner-city, high-density residential development. Findings – Cape Town, like other South African cities, suffers from being inefficient and inequitable largely due to its low density and sprawling nature. As a result, most planning- and housing-related policy interventions advocate the provision the higher-density, more affordable residential housing in well-located areas such as the inner city. However, to date, these policies have, on the whole, been unsuccessful in achieving these outcomes. This paper argues that this is because these policies largely do not take urban economics into account and fail to address the value versus cost tension that needs to be overcome to allow for the provision of such accommodation. Based on the viability calculations provided, the research illustrates the main cost drivers associated with higher-density, inner-city residential development and makes certain recommendations as to how these cost barriers can be reduced. Research limitations/implications – Financing arrangements and taxation implications have not been accounted for as these are often specific to the developer and thus cannot be generalised. Practical implications – The solutions put forward by the paper offer lower-income households the ability to successfully compete with higher-income households and other land uses for well-located space in Cape Town’s inner city. Social implications – The findings of this research illustrate the type of interventions that the public and private sectors can consider to improve the viability and affordability of affordable housing units in city centres located in emerging countries. Originality/value – While traditional urban economic concepts are drawn upon, the paper contributes to addressing the challenge of providing higher-density, more affordable accommodation in South African inner cities. It does this by applying these well-known concepts to the inner city of Cape Town and draws on current data and developer views to accurately diagnose the problem and, in turn, to offer pragmatic solutions.
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Sigauke, Aaron. "CHILDREN’S VIEWS ON, AND EXPERIENCES OF, PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSE IN SCHOOLS: TWO CASE STUDIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE." International Journal of Educational Development in Africa 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2312-3540/24.
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 In Zimbabwe, changes to regulations on corporal punishment have led to claims by teachers, parents and others that the only effective weapon that was there to maintain discipline in schools has been removed. This study aimed at finding out views and experiences of primary school children on the use of corporal punishment and verbal assault as means of maintaining discipline in schools. It set out from the view that physical punishment and verbal assault by school authorities are forms of child abuse and a violation of children’s rights. A case study approach was used in two primary schools, one from a low-income location (high-density residential area) and another from a high-income location (low-density residential area), both in Harare. The study established that in spite of the existence of legal instruments, children are physically and verbally abused in various ways. While children are aware of their rights, they, however, find it difficult to report and in some cases do not even know where and to whom to report to. The study makes a number of recommendations directed towards authorities both in and outside the school system responsible for the discipline of children.
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Yin, Yanhong, Yuanwen He, Lei Zhang, and Dan Zhao. "Impact of Building Environment on Residential Satisfaction: A Case Study of Ningbo." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041197.
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Population distribution has a huge influence on the development of port economic circle (PEC) in Ningbo. Residential satisfaction is one of key elements that determine housing location choice and, thus, the success of population distribution policy. To provide suggestions for the development of PEC, this study conducted a survey to investigate residential satisfaction and related factors in 11 port communities, which are located in the harbour area of Beilun, Zhenhai and Meishan in Ningbo. A total of 403 valid samples were collected through face-to-face interviews. The Likert scale was used to express satisfaction levels, with the highest level of 5 and the lowest level of 1. The survey data indicate that the mean value of residential satisfaction is 3.41, 3.40 and 3.49 in Beilun, Zhenhai and Meishan, respectively. Middle level residential satisfaction is noted in the port communities of Ningbo. A linear regression was performed to analyse the relationship between residential satisfaction and influence factors in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic features of the respondents and attributes of the house and neighbourhood. The results of the regression analysis show that household income, design of housing, type of community, population density and distance to the district commercial centre are the most influential factors of residential satisfaction. The findings suggest making regulations to enforce the design standards of new buildings. Moreover, measures to improve the accessibility and quality of public facilities and services in the communities should be encouraged to increase the attractiveness of neighbourhoods in the port area. Promoting land use with mixed commercial and residential functions is also suggested for the development of PEC.
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Waisnawa, Jayadi, and Cok Gde Rai Padmanaba Padmanaba. "HUBUNGAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU TERHADAP PENATAAN RUANG BALI MADYA PADA RUMAH TINGGAL." Jurnal Green Growth dan Manajemen Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jgg.v11i2.25327.
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Natural disasters are commonly found in densely populated areas such as Denpasar City, Badung Regency and Gianyar. The contributing factor is the development of settlements which eliminates green open space a lot. Laws, Ministerial Regulations and Regional Regulations of the Province of Bali have not been able to control the availability of green open space. These various government efforts are in line with the concept of Bali madya traditional layout. The existence of a separate building arrangement and green open space provides space for natural ventilation and lighting to enter the interior. This study has the aim of knowing and understanding the form of green open space in residential homes with Bali madya traditional layout. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected using a purposive sample method with the main criteria which a house that uses a traditional Bali madya layout and has green open space. From 37 residential houses, 24 houses had a temperature range of 25°C-27°C and 28 houses had cool and slightly cool air conditions. These data show that green open space in residential homes through plant and pavement elements has an important role in the interior related to natural ventilation and lighting.
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Kumar, Kaushal, Abhay Kumar Sharma, Manas Sarkar, Arun Chauhan, and Rajeev Sharma. "Surveillance of Aedes aegypti (L.) Mosquitoes in Mumbai International Seaport (India) to Monitor Potential Global Health Risks." Journal of Insects 2014 (June 29, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/951015.
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Aedes mosquitoes are highly invasive and can survive almost any climatic conditions. They transmit a number of major world's deadly diseases. Therefore, a study was undertaken during December 2010 to evaluate the entomo-epidemiological risk of Aedes mosquito borne diseases (VBD) in Mumbai international seaport areas to minimize potential global health risks and prevent introduction of new VBD in India. Surveys were undertaken in operational and residential areas of Mumbai Port Trust (MPT). All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level, prescribed for seaports by International Health Regulations Act, 2005. The operational areas where large goods are handled from cargo ships were found to be more prone to mosquito breeding comparing to residential areas. High insecticide tolerance of Aedes aegypti population against temephos and fenthion from Mumbai port area is reported for the first time. A careful and regular invigilation of the international seaports to prevent building up of vector density of dengue/chikungunya and yellow fever is recommended.
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Kwag, Byung Chang, Sanghee Han, Gil Tae Kim, Beobjeon Kim, and Jong Yeob Kim. "Analysis of the Effects of Strengthening Building Energy Policy on Multifamily Residential Buildings in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093566.
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The purposes of this study were to overview the building-energy policy and regulations in South Korea to achieve energy-efficient multifamily residential buildings and analyze the effects of strengthening the building design requirements on their energy performances. The building energy demand intensity showed a linear relationship with the area-weighted average U-values of the building envelope. However, improving the thermal properties of the building envelope was limited to reducing the building-energy demand intensity. In this study, the effects of various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on the building-energy performance were compared. Among the various ECMs, improving the boiler efficiency was found to be the most efficient measure for reducing the building-energy consumption in comparison to other ECMs, whereas the building envelope showed the least impact, because the current U-values are low. However, in terms of the primary energy consumption, the most efficient ECM was the lighting power density because of the different energy sources used by various ECMs and the different conversion factors used to calculate the primary energy consumption based on the source type. This study showed a direction for updating the building-energy policy and regulations, as well as the potential of implementing ECMs, to improve the energy performances of Korean multifamily residential buildings.
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Herr, Christiane M., and A. Scott Howe. "A High Density Open Building Studio Project for Hong Kong." Open House International 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2006-b0005.
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Constrained by requirements of efficiency and economy as well as tight building regulations, Hong Kong's high-density residential architecture is very different from architectural approaches that are typically taught in the architectural studio. This paper reports on a second year architectural studio project taught at The University of Hong Kong that uses the Open Building paradigm to integrate the constraints of a high-density environment, community considerations and building technology in the context of a mixed use programme to be constructed on small individual lots. Following a series of short introductory exercises, the main studio assignment required groups of students to negotiate the design of individual projects and community areas within a given generic structural frame. Based on their individual design ideas and architectural programme, students developed a structural solution following a kit-of-parts approach. We describe the tasks and rule sets given as the studio framework and discuss students' response to this new type of architectural programme. Based on our experiences, we critically review initial studio settings, final outcomes and observations made during the teaching and learning process with regard to future implementations of similar open building studio projects.
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Troshkin, Arsenii. "CURRENT STATUS OF THE NETWORK OF PUBLIC CATERING FACILITIES IN KYIV." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 28 (December 15, 2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.76-82.
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According to the results of the substantial on-site inspection in 2019, this article shows the analysis of the current status of the network of food facilities in the uptown of Kyiv established in the latter half of the 20th century. Residential areas of Obolon, Pozniaky and Rusanivka have been developed in accordance with almost the same building regulations and have the highest density of population in Kyiv. Considering this fact, exactly these residential areas have been chosen for study.The author of this article were established the establishment of new (considering the time when residential areas were established) types of food facilities, their number, accommodation ratio and tendencies, has defined commons and differences in the accommodation of food facilities in different studied residential areas of Kyiv.In order to study the existing network of public catering facilities, we have considered food facilities forming it at the uptown level in the microdistrict as the nearest food facilities to buildings. The active types of facilities have been studied in each district. All facilities can be divided into two functional groups — by use of food facilities and by time of the food consumption: “fast food” and “leisure food”.During our study we have counted up the number of food sales facilities (food stores, supermarkets, kiosks etc.) which enabled us to specify the modern ratio between food sales facilities and out-of-door food facilities in studied areas. The analysis of the existing network of food facilities in residential areas built up in the latter half of the 20th century has shown dramatic changes in the development of this network in all studied residential areas of Kyiv.This article confirms that in residential areas habitants prefer to eat more at home than in public catering facilities. However, the ratio shows us the tendency that corresponds to the world practice of the food consumption outdoors, reduction in time required for home-based food preparation, although not in such a broad volume.
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Pinigin, Migmar A., Vladimir F. Sidorenko, Aleksei V. Antyufeyev, and Vladimir V. Balakin. "Architectural choices aimed at reducing the air pollution by vehicle emissions in residential areas." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-92-98.
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Introduction. The formation of an optimal microclimate and ensuring the purity of atmospheric air in residential areas is possible in urban planning design practice by regulating the wind regime, which determines the thermal state of a person and the quality of the living environment, the temperature and humidity regime. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the width, density, and planning techniques of main streets on the aeration regime and reduction of the concentration of motor transport emissions in the air of residential areas. Material and methods. The research was carried out both in full-scale conditions on the streets of large cities and residential buildings’ models at a scale of 1:20 using cup anemometers. Results. The regularities of the formation of the aeration regime and the level of gas contamination of main streets with different planning and development methods are established. The dependences of the coefficient of air flow transformation in terms of the speed on the width of streets and the size of gaps between buildings are obtained. Planning conditions that exclude the possibility of a closed circulation of impurities in street canyons are determined. The spatial and temporal dynamics of air pollution of transport communications in residential areas of settlements is studied. Conclusions. Hygienic standards for the content of motor transport emissions in the air of residential areas are provided by the optimal aeration mode, formed by choosing the width, position of the route, number of floors, planning techniques, and density of development of main streets. Simultaneously, it is necessary to introduce measures aimed at reducing the gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and eliminating foci of atmospheric pollution on the transport networks of cities. When selecting urban planning decisions that ensure the environmental quality of the living environment of settlements in different geographical areas, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of spatial-temporal dynamics of air pollution by transport and communications, due to changes in meteorological conditions and fluctuations in the intensity of traffic by hour of day, day of week and season of the year.
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Ivanov, Martin Lyubomirov, Wan Ki Chow, Tsz Kit Yue, Hing Lung Tsang, and Wei Peng. "Upgrading of fire safety requirement for tall buildings in Bulgaria and proposal of implementing fire safety management under facility management." Facilities 40, no. 5/6 (February 3, 2022): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-10-2021-0107.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to check and fill the gap between the existing fire safety regulations for newly built tall buildings in Bulgaria and those in areas with rapid economic growth in the Asia-Oceania regions like the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Mainland China, by making comparative analysis and identifying good practices. The main focus is on the development of fire safety designs, facilities and management, which shall be recognized as essential parts of facility management in tall buildings. Design/methodology/approach Bulgarian regulations are analyzed and then compared with those in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Mainland China. In addition, the scientific aspect of fire load density in the fire codes is discussed. The possibility of implementing a fire engineering approach to supplement prescriptive codes is outlined. The essential roles of fire safety management and fire safety culture are presented. Findings Key points and recommendations that are worthy for discussion about incorporation in the Bulgarian tall buildings fire safety requirements are upgraded requirements for fire load density, detection and sprinkler systems in tall residential buildings, refuge floors, ventilation/air conditioning control systems, full-scale burning tests and fire engineering approach. The importance of fire safety management is emphasized as a main, key component in facility management. Originality/value The research is the first study focusing on implementation of additional and specific fire safety regulations for tall buildings in Bulgaria.
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Vdovina, Elizaveta Vyacheslavovna. "Prerequisites for taking into account the influence of air exchange in the design of residential districts in the regulatory documentation." Архитектура и дизайн, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2022.1.38141.
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Many cities face environmental problems, which are currently receiving a lot of attention. The layout of the city' micro-district corresponding to the regulations can provide the most favorable environmental conditions due to air exchange. The building of the city has been developing for centuries, microdistricts have a layout that was regulated by the law, valid at the times of their construction. The object of research is the processes of air exchange in city districts – on the example of Krasnoyarsk. The method of analysis of scientific sources and standards was used for the study, which allowed determining the chronology of changes in factors affecting air exchange and building blocks. The study includes the solution of the following tasks: analysis of the building regulations affecting air exchange in the neighborhood; to determine the principles of planning a residential neighborhood and establish their compliance with the standards on the example of the city of Krasnoyarsk; to consider the prerequisites for the implementation of an environmental aspect in building codes. For the sake of clarity of the data obtained on the problems of air exchange and the principles of development of microdistricts, the history of the planning structure of the development of Krasnoyarsk is investigated. As a result of the study, a general characteristic of the development of regulatory requirements for the development of microdistricts has been identified and presented. The relevance of the topic is determined by the presence of a problem with the accumulation of harmful substances in residential neighborhoods in Krasnoyarsk. In the current planning methods of development in some residential areas of Krasnoyarsk, this problem cannot be solved due to the increase in height and density of buildings while maintaining the same values of distances between buildings, since the regulatory requirements of insolation do not ensure effective ventilation of the district. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that not all previous standards included effective regulations to ensure the necessary air exchange, or they are completely absent. In these standards, factors affecting effective air exchange (height of buildings, distances between buildings and the angle of the buildings) were determined by other requirements, such as sanitary and fire safety standards, insolation requirements.
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Dunkley, Alison J., Freya Tyrer, Rebecca Spong, Laura J. Gray, Mike Gillett, Yvonne Doherty, Lorraine Martin-Stacey, et al. "Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project." Programme Grants for Applied Research 5, no. 11 (May 2017): 1–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar05110.
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BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is believed to be higher among people with intellectual disability (ID) than in the general population. However, research on prevalence and prevention in this population is limited.ObjectivesThe objectives of this programme of work were to establish a programme of research that would significantly enhance the knowledge and understanding of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM in people with ID; to test strategies for the early identification of IGR and T2DM in people with ID; and to develop a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in a population with ID and IGR (or at a high risk of T2DM/CVD).SettingLeicestershire, UK.ParticipantsAdults with ID were recruited from community settings, including residential homes and family homes. Adults with mild to moderate ID who had an elevated body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2and/or IGR were invited to take part in the education programme.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the screening programme was the prevalence of screen-detected T2DM and IGR. The uptake, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed.Data sourcesParticipants were recruited from general practices, specialist ID services and clinics, and through direct contact.ResultsA total of 930 people with ID were recruited to the screening programme: 58% were male, 80% were white and 68% were overweight or obese. The mean age of participants was 43.3 years (standard deviation 14.2 years). Bloods were obtained for 675 participants (73%). The prevalence of previously undiagnosed T2DM was 1.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5% to 2%] and of IGR was 5% (95% CI 4% to 7%). Abnormal IGR was more common in those of non-white ethnicity; those with a first-degree family history of diabetes; those with increasing weight, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure or triglycerides; and those with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We developed a lifestyle educational programme for people with ID, informed by findings from qualitative stakeholder interviews (health-care professionals,n = 14; people with ID,n = 7) and evidence reviews. Subsequently, 11 people with ID (and carers) participated in pilot education sessions (two groups) and five people attended education for the feasibility stage (one group). We found that it was feasible to collect primary outcome measures on physical activity and sedentary behaviour using wrist-worn accelerometers. We found that the programme was relatively costly, meaning that large changes in activity or diet (or a reduction in programme costs) would be necessary for the programme to be cost-effective. We also developed a quality development process for assessing intervention fidelity.LimitationsWe were able to screen only around 30% of the population and involved only a small number in the piloting and feasibility work.ConclusionsThe results from this programme of work have significantly enhanced the existing knowledge and understanding of T2DM and IGR in people with ID. We have developed a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in this population.Future workFurther work is needed to evaluate the STOP Diabetes intervention to identify cost-effective strategies for its implementation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02513277.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Research Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Gumansing, Christie D. F. "PROBLEMATIKA YURIDIS BELUM DITERBITKANNYA PERATURAN PEMERINTAH UU NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG RUMAH SUSUN." Jurnal Hukum dan Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukeno.v3i2.3373.
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Kebutuhan hukum bisnis dalam hal teknis pembangunan rumah susun semakin meningkat, pembangunan rumah susun yang pada dasarnya diperuntukkan bagi wilayah yang padat penduduk untuk mengakomodir berkurangnnya lahan pemukiman. Tidak adanya penjelasan secara teknis di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 tentang Rumah Susun sehingga mengakibatkan adanya permasalahan hukum yaitu kekosongan norma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier. Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu: politik perundang-undangan merupakan sebagian dari politik hukum. Politik perundang-undangan berkenaan dengan pembangunan materi hukum, Negara Republik Indonesia telah meletakkan dasar politk hukum agrarian nasional sebagaimana yang dimuat dalam ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia. Adapun implikasi hukum akibat belum diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 dalah dilema yang dialami oleh para steakholder agar diterbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah sehingga tidak menghambat diterbitkannya peraturan pelaksana selanjtnya dalam pendirian rumah susun.Kata kunci: rumah susun, peraturan pemerintah, steakholder. The need for business law in terms of technical development of flats is increasing, the construction of flats is basically intended for densely populated areas to accommodate the reduction of residential land. There is no technical explanation in Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats, resulting in legal problems, namely the vacuum of norms. The method used in this study is normative juridical legal research using sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results in this study are: the politics of legislation is part of legal politics. The politics of legislation regarding the development of legal material, the State of the Republic of Indonesia has laid the political basis of national agrarian law as contained in the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal implications of the issuance of Government Regulation No. 20 of 2011 are the dilemmas experienced by steakholders so that the Government Regulation is issued so that it does not hinder the issuance of the next implementing regulation in the establishment of flats. Keywords: flats, government regulations, steakholders
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Puspaningrat, Luh Putu Desy, Eko Sugeng Prihadi, and Maya Dewi Dyah Maharani. "Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor yang Menentukan Status Keberlanjutan Usaha Tempat Penampungan dan Potong Ayam (TPnA) di Wilayah Pondok Rumput Kota Bogor." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 37, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.28918.
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Increased broiler production in Bogor Regency leads to the continuous development of traditional chicken collecting facilities and slaughterhouse (CCFS), especially in Bogor City. Pondok Rumput area, located in Kebon Pedes Village, as one of CCFS centers. Pondok Rumput CCFS was first established in 1971. There are currently 25 CCFS in Pondok Rumput. The CCFS in this area are located in densely populated residential area. The CCFS, are located in the middle of the residential area leads to various problems, one of which is environmental pollution.The Study aimed to identify the factors determining the sustainability status of CCFS in Pondok Rumput area, in Tanah Sareal Subdistric, Bogor City. The types of data collected included primary and secondary data. The data analysis used by Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS) analysis (by using Rapfish software) and prospective analysis. Partial analysis of each dimension concerning the sustainability status of chicken collecting facilities and slaughterhouse in Pondok Rumput showed that ecological dimension were not unsustainable with a value of 24.66. The key attributes were having business license, conformity to slaughtering regulations, entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards relocation, and business feasibility.
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Handayani, Anjas. "SOCIALIZATION OF FIRE MITIGATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREA AT JATI SAMPURNA, BEKASI." ICCD 2, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol2.iss1.250.
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During the first quarter of 2019, from January to March 2019 there were 45 fire incidents in the city of Bekasi with losses ranging from Rp. 2,365,000,000 (based on data from the Bekasi City fire dept Service). From 45 events in the city of Bekasi, 3 of them occurred in Jatisampurna sub-district. Based on the type of object 45 events 15 of which are residential houses.With the data above, it can be said that the risk of fire can cause material and immaterial losses and can also cause trauma to fire victims. The importance of knowledge and information on fire hazard mitigation and how mitigation measures against fire hazards need to be conveyed to people who live in densely populated areas where the risk of fire is quite large. Laws or regulations on fire are not yet widely owned by most regions, so there are no special rules that can be covered in relation to fire risk.
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Zhou, Xuefan, and Hong Chen. "Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Urban Morphological Indices on the Urban Thermal Environment of Zhengzhou, China." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081058.
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Summer extreme high-temperatures occur frequently in large cities; urban spatial form is the primary factor affecting the urban thermal environment. Thus, planning and arranging urban spaces is a key approach to regulating urban microclimates. Studies into how urban spatial forms influence the formation of urban microclimates have been carried out for multiple cities in warm and hot regions; however, few studies of this kind have been carried out for cities in cold regions. In this study, we analyze Zhengzhou, a city located in a cold region of China, using summer 2017 measurement data to determine why high temperatures develop in cold areas. We investigated how temperature and humidity vary during the morning, at noon, and in the evening given different land use properties (commercial and residential) and different spatial forms (building height, building density, green coverage rate, and plot ratio); we then studied the correlation between urban spatial form and the urban thermal environment. Our research results indicate that the commercial district’s thermal microclimate was related to PR and BH in the afternoon and GCR in the morning and at night. In the residential district, the key urban morphology factors related to its thermal microclimates were BD, PR, and GCR during almost the whole day.
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Reem Mohammed Bawareth, Reem Mohammed Bawareth. "Study of the manifestations of visual pollution in some neighborhoods of Jeddah city: Comparative study: دراسة مظاهر التلوث البصري في بعض أحياء مدينة جدة: دراسة مقارنة." مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2022): 170–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.w251021.
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This research aims to identify visual pollution, its most important manifestations and types, the reasons that led to its emergence, and its impact on the psychological and physical health of humans. The descriptive and analytical approach is applied in the study of manifestations of visual pollution in some neighborhoods of Jeddah, comparing them and identifying the most polluted among them. The neighborhoods were selected according to the local schematic of Jeddah city- regulations and controls 1440H in the zoning of residential areas-. The study was in line with 2030's vision of improving the urban landscape in Saudi cities, one of its objectives to address visual distortions in Saudi cities. This research has found that the neighborhoods have different manifestations of visual pollution. Al-Hendaweyyah neighborhood is a slum area, were all manifestations of the urban style visual pollution appeared. In addition, graffiti on the walls clearly appeared. On the other hand, AL-Mohammadya is low-density residential area. It is a planned neighborhood, where the manifestations of visual pollution did not appear in compare with other one, with limited exception of graffiti. Finally, the study recommends developing a strategy to improve the visual landscape in slums by renovation of old buildings, Also, by developing terms and conditions for building exterior colors and packaging materials that suit the urban style of the area.
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Woo, Donghan, and Namkyun Im. "Spatial Analysis of the Ship Gas Emission Inventory in the Port of Busan Using Bottom-Up Approach Based on AIS Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121457.
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Dense hub port-cities have been suffering from ship gas emissions causing atmospheric pollution and a threat to the health of coastal residents. To control ship gas emissions, many regulations have been established internationally. Analyses of ship gas emission inventories are essential to quantify mass and track emission changes over time in a given geographical area. Based on the gas emissions inventory, applicable regulations such as Emission Control Area (ECA) realization and Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) may be established. The ship gas emission inventory (CO2, CO, NOx, SOx and PM) from the Busan Port (BP), including the North Port (NP) and Gamcheon Dadae-po Port (GDP), which is the biggest port in the Republic of Korea and which is also surrounded by residential, commercial, and industrial areas, were spatially analyzed. To calculate geographical ship gas emissions in real-time, this study introduces a bottom-up methodology using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. According to the geographical density analysis of the gas emissions inventory, this study highlights that about 35% of the annual ship gas emissions of BP in 2019 were concentrated in the passageway to NP because of high ship speeds when leaving or arriving at the port. To protect the health of coastal residents, ship speed limit regulations along the passageway should be revised based on our spatial analysis results. The spatial analysis of the ship gas emission inventory in BP will be useful basic data for properly evaluating the local gas emission state on newly established or revised environmental regulations for BP.
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Seo, Bokyong, Sung-Hwa Kim, and Jae-Hoon Lee. "Regulating Natural Lighting and Ventilation of Residential Buildings in Hong Kong Policy Implications for High-rise, High-density Housing Environments in South Korea." Architectural research 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5659/aikar.2014.16.3.81.
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Nikjooy, Majid, Amin Khakpour, Parisa Ghasemzadeh, and Shabnam Eghdam. "Nature, Human and City (Appreciating the Effect of Covid-19 on Human and City)." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 6 (October 29, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n6p28.
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Despite the existing and potential characteristics of nature in urban planning process, technological progress and the rate of change in the physical identity of cities have increased natural mutations and taken the relationship between humans and nature out of the normal process. Among the natural mutations, we can mention infectious diseases, which have been nature's reaction against the city and the density of the urban population. Health issues and infectious diseases have long plagued cities, leading to changes in architecture and its rules and regulations. This process has been done less in urban planning regulations and this has increased the vulnerability of citizens in the urban environment against infectious diseases. Accordingly, this study attempted to offer principles centered on the physical nature of the city, while reviewing the history of infectious diseases in the world and considering urban planning theories related to urban health and pollution and the statistics of sample cities in the face of Covid-19 in order to accompany urban physical changes with human, technological, identity and natural changes to help urban management to reduce citizens’ vulnerability against infectious diseases. Data were collected using library and internet resources. Principles are derived from the Delphi method of experts. Some of the proposed principles are balanced building density, observing the minimum ratio of open space to urban residential space and balanced distribution of open space in the city, reducing per capita office use, establishing a crisis center with isolated conditions in each neighborhood, increasing per capita urban equipment and facilities land use, balanced distribution of neighborhood services, moving to multi-center cities, reducing concentration in city centers and using multifunctional urban spaces. Currently, due to natural mutations as well as changes in culture, traditions, and technological mutations, we need flexible rules and regulations to identify cities and align with nature. Therefore, it should be considered that the proposals offered are following the current situation and should be amended and updated over time and as circumstances change.
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Shach-Pinsly, Dalit, and Isaac Guedi Capeluto. "From Form-Based to Performance-Based Codes." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145657.
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The performance of the built environment is an important concern affecting the quality of life and plays a critical role in every urban milieu. However, it generally disappears in the drawing plans. Current planning regulations do not always include performance requirements as part of the planning demands. Additionally, decision-makers lack the methodology and tools to demonstrate the expected performance of the built environment. Therefore, an examination of the performance of the designed area is sometimes neglected in the planning process. Current urban plans focus mainly on technical issues, counting the number of residential units, density measures, etc. The trend of progressive planning regulations, such as Form-Based Code (FBC), aims to coordinate these separated quantitative parameters into one comprehensive 3D plan where the urban form plays as a main integrator. However, these plans still lack the demand for understanding the quality and performance of the built environment through the visualization. This article addresses this gap, the lack of understanding of the performance of the built environment in urban plans and proposes the concept of Performance-Based Codes (PBC). The transition from form-based code to performance-based-design will be demonstrated through the presentation of two performance-based models, the Solar Envelope and Security Rating Index, and the possibility of integrating them into the planning process.
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Putra Pratama, Rizaldi, and Tuhu Agung Rachmanto. "Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah Perkotaan di Kota Kecamatan Gresik." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jist.v4i1.573.
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Garbage is a problem that needs more attention. Increasing population density and limited land to accommodate leftover consumption are one of the factors causing the volume of waste to continue to mount. This study aims to determine the performance of urban waste management in the city of Gresik sub-district. The analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The technique used to select respondents is Stratified Random Sampling technique. The data used uses primary and secondary data.
The results showed that there was 281.61 m3 of waste per day, with 5.1 m3 per day coming from the non-residential sector and 21 villages/kelurahan in Gresik District. The value of the performance level of waste management in Gresik District is 56% of the average yield for each waste management variable, so that the performance level of waste management in Gresik District is quite good. Performance results are influenced by technical, institutional, financing, community and private aspects as well as laws and regulations. Factors affecting the performance of waste management include transportation operations that are not optimal as a whole, the number of personnel and infrastructure is still limited, the community does not fully support waste management and there is still a lack of enforcement against violations of waste regulations.
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Liu, Qian, James Wang, Peng Chen, and Zuopeng Xiao. "How does parking interplay with the built environment and affect automobile commuting in high-density cities? A case study in China." Urban Studies 54, no. 14 (September 27, 2016): 3299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016667040.
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This study investigates an important but often overlooked problem – the interaction between parking and land use – to examine the effects of the built environment on car commuting. Using the case of Shenzhen, China, a structural equation model is employed to examine the tripartite relationship among the built environment, parking supply and car commuting. The parking–built environment relationship partly reflects the parking supply mechanism that is collectively influenced by the parking market and regulations. The results indicate that, because of the high cost of constructing parking, property developers are reluctant to build sufficient parking spaces for the residential population in densely built neighbourhoods with small lot sizes. However, minimum parking standards often lead to more parking provisions in dense central locations. Therefore, the benefits of compact land use and transit-oriented development (TOD) for reducing car use are either reinforced or offset depending on the various interrelationships between parking and the built environment. In the context of policy implications, a fine-grained urban fabric should be particularly supported, considering its significant effects in reducing car commuting, as well as its potential role in fostering a well-functioning parking market. Meanwhile, imposing parking caps in dense and central areas would be wise because parking oversupply encourages more car trips, which counteracts the sustainable merits of dense developments.