Academic literature on the topic 'Residential construction processes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Shin, Jae Min, and Gwang Hee Kim. "Fabrication Processes of Residential Building Adopted Cruse Housing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1606.
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In South Korea, the need for residential modular buildings has highlighted, due to the increase in demand for small housing and the high land price in urban area. Thus, the cruse housing system (CHS) was developed to build high-rise residential buildings. The object of this study is to analyze the characteristics and fabrication processes of CHS residential buildings when the in-fill construction method is adopted. The result of this study showed that there is the potential to utilize the fabrication processes of CHS in-fill construction system to build high-rise modular buildings.
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Manzhilevskaya, Svetlana, Alexei Lihonosov, and Lubov Petrenko. "Fine dust atmospheric pollution from the objects of infill construction." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501020.
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Air pollution emissions are released from both natural and anthropogenic sources. During the environment pollution researching and monitoring the special attention should be paid to the construction operations, since during the construction processes many pollutants are released, especially fine dust particles, which are harmful to the health of construction workers and the population living near the construction site. The construction of any object in urban terrain has bad influence not only on the nearby buildings and city infrastructure, but on the existing environment of urban areas. The identification of the important pollution sources that contribute to ambient concentrations of pollutants is essential for developing an effective air quality management plan during building construction. Particular attention should be paid to emissions of fine particles during technological processes of construction with a special degree of dust emission. Control and regulation of the dynamic state of dispersed systems released during technological construction processes using a number of protective measures will reduce emissions of pollutants into the air. The objects of this research were the construction site and residential buildings of a large residential complex «Ekaterininskiy» located in Rostov-on-Don. The obtained measurement data as a result of this type of environmental monitoring showed the level of atmospheric air pollution from the construction industry using the example of the construction of the residential complex “Ekaterininskiy” in Rostov-onDon. After analyzing the situation with dust pollution the protective measures were suggested.
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Chen, Gang, and Xiao Chun Liu. "Study on Design Processes of Urban Residence Based on Whole Life Cycle Concept." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3688.
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As we enter 21st century, the environmental problem is increasingly prominent. Chinese urban residence construction stands in the transition period of sustainable development. How to realize low energy consumption, long service life and high quality of residence becomes a subject to be solved in Chinese residence construction in new era. For China's traditional residential design and construction method formed as a linear process and single data feedback as well as great loss of information in design, the residential quality and properties have not only been unimproved, but have also led to relatively more time and costs spent. This paper introduces a design concept of whole life cycle and points out the traditional design concept and processes of the residence construction must be charged in order to realize its sustainable development. According to the design concept of the whole life cycle, this paper puts forward the residence design principle based on whole life cycle and institutes the residence design processes based on whole life cycle.
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Torres, Jorge, Roberto Garay-Martinez, Xabat Oregi, J. Ignacio Torrens-Galdiz, Amaia Uriarte-Arrien, Alessandro Pracucci, Oscar Casadei, Sara Magnani, Noemi Arroyo, and Angel M. Cea. "Plug and Play Modular Façade Construction System for Renovation for Residential Buildings." Buildings 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090419.
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The present paper focuses on the architectural and constructional features required to ensure that building envelope renovation are safe, functional, and adaptable to the building stock, with particular focus on “plug and play” modular facade construction systems. It presents the design of one such system and how it addresses these issues. The outcome of early-stage functional test with a full-scale mock-up system, as well as its applicability to a real construction project is presented. It is found crucial to obtain high quality information about the status of the existing façade with the use of modern technologies such as topographic surveys or 3D scans and point cloud. Detailed design processes are required to ensure the compatibility of manufacture and installation tolerances, along with anchor systems that deliver flexibility for adjustment, and construction processes adapting standard installation methods to the architectural particularities of each case that may hinder its use or require some modification in each situation. This prefabricated plug and play modular system has been tested by reproducing the holistic methodology and new technologies in the market by means of real demonstrators. When compared to more conventional construction methods, this system achieves savings in a real case of 50% (time), 30% (materials) and 25% (waste), thus achieving significant economic savings.
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Papadaki, Dimitra, Dimitrios A. Nikolaou, and Margarita N. Assimakopoulos. "Circular Environmental Impact of Recycled Building Materials and Residential Renewable Energy." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074039.
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Building materials, due to their mass and energy-consuming production processes, drastically increase the embodied energy of construction. This study assesses circularity processes for the construction industry with a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a case study located in a large cosmopolitan city. The research concludes that a significant decrease in environmental impacts results from a shift to recycled materials in the construction phase, as well as from changing the landfill disposal method to recycling. In particular, it was found that the use of recycled building materials (such as recycled cement, metal, concrete, or glass) during the construction phase and recycling disposal methods lead to an overall decrease of impact up to 65%. This work also underlines the importance of circularity in renewable energy production systems. In both wind and solar systems, most of the environmental impact caused during the production phase are paid back during the second year of their life due to the energy gains of the renewable energy system. However, the recovery of metal depletion requires 667 years. This result provides evidence of the emerging need for integrating circular processes regarding recycling and reusing materials in construction and also in the energy-generating sector.
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Dorogova, Inna, Aleksandr Ilin, and Rustam Iskandarov. "DEFORMATION MONITORING OF MULTILEVEL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DURING CONSTRUCTION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-2-17-24.
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The article describes the technology of deformation geodetic monitoring of a multi-storey res-idential building during construction. The description of the main stages of work: the choice of the location of the reference frames and the assessment of their stability, the placement of deformation marks on the observed structure, the location of leveling moves along deformation marks, the im-plementation of several cycles of geodetic measurements and the determination of deformation marks observed by their results The analysis of the obtained results has been performed, which suggests that at the time of the measurements, the observed deformation processes are predictable. Recommendations on improve-ment of the measuring measures complex are given, and the possibility of forecasting is considered, and the predicted values of the sediment deformation marks are calculated, which practically coin-cide with the actual values obtained in the next observation cycle.
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Lee, Heow Pueh, Zhaomeng Wang, and Kian Meng Lim. "Assessment of noise from equipment and processes at construction sites." Building Acoustics 24, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x16678218.
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Noise pollution from construction sites has become a major problem for major cities with the continued rapid development as well as redevelopment of cities. These construction sites, in particular for new subway systems, are often near to residential and commercial buildings. A better understanding and characterization of noise profiles will be required for project management and planning as well as environmental impact assessment. In this study, instead of using the typical type 1 sound level meters for the measurement of noise profiles emitted from construction equipment and processes commonly done in construction industry, we attempt to characterize the noise profiles of common construction equipment at their respective noise source using an Acoustic Array or Acoustic Camera. The study also highlighted the significant presence of low-frequency noise at construction sites for some construction equipment and processes. This may have some implications for the design of noise barriers at construction sites.
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Arashpour, Mehrdad, Ron Wakefield, Nick Blismas, and EWM Lee. "A new approach for modelling variability in residential construction projects." Construction Economics and Building 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2013): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v13i2.3120.
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The construction industry is plagued by long cycle times caused by variability in the supply chain. Variations or undesirable situations are the result of factors such as non-standard practices, work site accidents, inclement weather conditions and faults in design. This paper uses a new approach for modelling variability in construction by linking relative variability indicators to processes. Mass homebuilding sector was chosen as the scope of the analysis because data is readily available. Numerous simulation experiments were designed by varying size of capacity buffers in front of trade contractors, availability of trade contractors, and level of variability in homebuilding processes. The measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of relationships between these factors and production parameters. The variability indicator was found to dramatically affect the tangible performance measures such as home completion rates. This study provides for future analysis of the production homebuilding sector, which may lead to improvements in performance and a faster product delivery to homebuyers.
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Koren'kova, G., N. Mityakina, T. Belikh, and E. Dorokhova. "FORMATION OF RENOVATION PROCESSES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN RUSSIAN CITIES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-7-1-60-69.
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The renovation of the housing stock in large and small cities of Russia is formed due to the deterioration of the physical and moral condition of residential buildings of the last century. The main tasks of the study are to expand knowledge about the historical prerequisites of the origin of renovation processes, to form an evidence base for the effectiveness of the integrated development of territories that meet modern requirements for the urban environment (using the example of the Belgorod city). Russian and historical experience of renovation of residential buildings of European and Asian states are considered on the example of Moscow. The specifics of measures ensuring the comprehensive development of the depressed territories of Moscow are indicated. Legislative documents promoting the development of housing construction in the second half of the 20th century and modern legislation on the All-Russian renovation of residential buildings have been studied. Prospects of renovation processes implementation in Belgorod are considered. Organizational and technical aspects of the complex development of the residential space of the regional center have been determined. The first steps of renovation processes in the part of residential development are evaluated. Examples of the implementation of the development of built-up areas of the city are given, available scenarios for the renewal of residential areas are outlined. The physical and moral condition of medium-rise houses of the first mass series is analyzed. Possible measures for the reconstruction of the housing stock of the development of the 60s of the last century have been identified. Options for development of renovation processes of residential development are presented.
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Yatsenko, Ihor, Volodymyr Kaskiv, and Oleksandr Chechuha. "Economic regulation business of construction organizations." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 110 (2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2021-110-233-243.
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The thesis presents methodological approaches to diagnosis and restructuring the system of economic regulation business processes of construction organizations, aimed to stabilize their economic development. It was suggested a new definition of the term «business process of construction organization» and performed the decomposition of business processes in construction. It was determined main components of management of construction organizations, which allow improving their structure and consolidating all processes with strategically goals. It was improved the outsourcing mechanism to optimize financial processes and flows of subcontract construction organizations under condition of constrains on resources and deadlines on the construction of residential buildings designed and optimal measures of pre-payment. A new approach for the management of financial flows by means of fuzzy sets. Found out typical failings in administration of business processes in «effective» and «ineffective» of construction organizations to restructure their activity. It was conducted determinative factor analysis of profitability of operating activity in construction industry and worked out measures to improve the situation. Worked out the quantitative characteristics of key business processes, which allow defining the size of the advance payment of a customer to optimal level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Heravi, Torbati Amir Hossein. "Improving construction management : an investigation into the influences of effective stakeholder involvement on project quality outcomes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71188/1/Amir%20Hossein_Heravi%20Torbati_Thesis.pdf.
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This research has developed a framework to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of stakeholder involvement during the early planning stages of residential construction projects, in order to improve many of the quality issues that occur during the construction phases of such projects. A mixed methods approach (survey, interviews and case studies) was employed to collect the required data. It is expected that with development, this framework can bring some significant benefits to future construction projects in terms of reducing rework and wastage, improving timely delivery and avoiding disputes. The research is also anticipated to produce three high impact journal articles.
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Blaylock, Spencer J. "A Systematic Process for Implementing Mass Customization in Residential Preconstruction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7425.
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According to production process theory, customization is directly related to cost and inversely related to volume, efficiency, and productivity. However, customers generally desire products that are individually tailored to their wants and needs. For this reason, as residential contractors grow, they struggle to meet customers' demands for flexibility. This struggle to increase customization is not unique to the construction industry and many other industries have studied this problem in depth. While the inverse relationship between customization and cost is generally true, mass customization can enable increased customization with limited or no increased cost. The residential construction process employs many mass customization enabling principles, including modularity and product family design. However, the preconstruction process fails to employ these same principles. The purpose of this study was to explore how mass customization principles can simplify customization in the residential preconstruction process. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with residential construction industry preconstruction experts. Using their input, a process for implementing mass customization was developed. The results demonstrate that implementing mass customization principles can greatly simplify the purchasing, estimating, and option pricing processes for residential contractors. However, mass customization also significantly affects company structure, cost control strategies, trade relationships, and leanness. This research is enlightening to residential contractors struggling to manage customization. It also provides direction for software developers targeting the residential construction processes.
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Guss, Herman, and Linus Rustas. "Applying Machine Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection in Electricity Data : Improving the Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415507.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how data from a residential property owner can be utilized to enable better energy management for their building stock. Specifically, this is done through the development of two machine learning models with the objective of detecting anomalies in the existing data of electricity consumption. The dataset consists of two years of residential electricity consumption for 193 substations belonging to the residential property owner Uppsalahem. The first of the developed models uses the K-means method to cluster substations with similar consumption patterns to create electricity profiles, while the second model uses Gaussian process regression to predict electricity consumption of a 24 hour timeframe. The performance of these models is evaluated and the optimal models resulting from this process are implemented to detect anomalies in the electricity consumption data. Two different algorithms for anomaly detection are presented, based on the differing properties of the two earlier models. During the evaluation of the models, it is established that the consumption patterns of the substations display a high variability, making it difficult to accurately model the full dataset. Both models are shown to be able to detect anomalies in the electricity consumption data, but the K-means based anomaly detection model is preferred due to it being faster and more reliable. It is concluded that substation electricity consumption is not ideal for anomaly detection, and that if a model should be implemented, it should likely exclude some of the substations with less regular consumption profiles.
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Sandström, Greger. "Smart Homes and User Values : Long-term evaluation of IT-services in Residential and Single Family Dwellings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11782.
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Do residents find value in smart home functions? How should these functions be designed to offer user benefit? These were the governing questions of this study that involved nearly 200 families in three different housing projects during five years of occupancy. The housing units were equipped with advanced smart homes solutions, electronic and digital devices to control them, and a set of functions to increase comfort, safety and security in the homes. The evaluations of the residents' use and benefits were accomplished in two different phases, i) evaluation of the user expectations' before and direct after occupancy and ii) long-term experiences after 3-5 years. A third phase of the study represents a radical shift in view. Issues related to innovation and organisation of service delivery were brought into the fore. The research is founded on the multiple case-based methodology. Literature studies were effected. Data acquisition was based on interviews and questionnaires. Theoretical models from different research areas were used in order to analyse observations and to arrive to grounded conclusions. Important conclusions include the fact that smart home functionalities must be developed as close as possible out of the users' genuine needs as experienced in their daily lives. Failure to attain accessibility to a certain function will cause disappointment and will be forsaken. To gain and over time preserve the user's trust in smart home functions or in a system as a whole is conclusive for the their use. Another conclusion is that a viable business model for smart homes must include the occupancy phase. Surveillance and maintenance of smart home systems must be secured over time. It is argued that the failure of establishing a viable long-term service to homes to the benefit to the user depends highly on the market’s ability to supply the homes with appropriate services over time. Possible ways to mediate revealed shortcomings are outlined and what role and responsibility the housing construction industry has to consider with the further development of smart homes.QC 20100809
Books on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Inc, Jager Industries. Trial of the Japanese approvals processes for residential building products: March 1986. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Innovative Housing Grants Program, 1986.
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Kazeykin, Valeriy, and Vladimir Tolstolugov. Theory and practice of implementation of high energy efficient technologies in construction based on Thermaron heat generators. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1146805.
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The monograph summarizes the legislative and regulatory framework, as well as shows the theory and practice of energy saving and energy efficiency development in Russia and in the world with the actualization of the use of a breakthrough domestic high-energy-efficient technology based on molecular heat generators Termaron. These devices use the principles of hydrolysis, cavitation, magnetism, resonance and synergy of these processes. The results of research conducted with the participation of specialists from Dubna state University, as well as the practice of using the Termaron ATP, showed that its operation provides a high efficiency in the use of electric energy, equal to 0.98, and the coefficient of conversion of electric energy to heat is from 2.3 to 4.6 (on average, 3.45). At the same time, the cost of heat energy and hot water supply is two to three times lower compared to traditional types of heat generating devices. It is intended for representatives of government authorities, University teachers, scientific and practical specialists in the field of design, construction and operation of energy-efficient residential and commercial real estate, state and municipal employees, managers and employees of development companies, students, masters, postgraduates and other specialists interested in improving their competencies in the field of energy efficiency based on domestic innovative breakthrough technologies in Russia and abroad.
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Fanfani, David, ed. Pianificare tra città e campagna. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-966-3.
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Agricultural land and woodland in the vicinity of urban settlements appear increasingly to represent a key element and strategic resource for addressing issues of residential quality, and hence the requalification of the urban construct. In effect, from a "vacuum" awaiting construction, the periurban agricultural territory is emerging as the yardstick for a new measurement and integration of the public policies governing urban and territorial plans and those for rural development. This book proposes a number of cues and methodological and operational elements to stimulate reflection on this new scenario. It does so through the exploration of a number of significant and innovative experiences in Italy and the rest of Europe, while at the same time also proposing an initial appraisal of the process of design and social mobilisation for the definition of the scenario for the Prato Agricultural Park.
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Tasker-Brown, Julie. Streamlining the approvals process for certified residential builders : pilot project, Canadian Home Builders' Association, Chilliwack & District, Chilliwack, British Columbia : case study =: Rationalisation du processus d'approbation pour les constructeurs résidentiels agréés : projet pilote, Association canadienne des constructeurs d'habitations, section de Chilliwack et du district Chilliwack (Colombie-Britannique) : étude de cas. Ottawa, Ont: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation = Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 1997.
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Sudra, Paweł. Rozpraszanie i koncentracja zabudowy na przykładzie aglomeracji warszawskiej po 1989 roku = Dispersion and concentration of built-up areas on the example of the Warsaw agglomeration after 1989. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/9788361590057.
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The research problem undertaken in the study is the occurrence of dispersed and concentrated built-up (in particular residential) area patterns caused by suburbanisation processes in a large urban agglomeration, on the example of the Warsaw metropolitan area. The research concerned the period after 1989, when the political and economic transformation in Poland began. The historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions of suburbanization and urban sprawl are described, which have the features of a spontaneous, chaotic dispersion, quite different than in Western countries. It is partly to blame for faulty spatial planning. The succession of urban development into rural areas is subordinated to the factors of the construction market. In the empirical part of the analysis, topographic data on all buildings in the urban agglomeration and databases on land use derived from satellite images were used to investigate settlement changes. A multidimensional study was carried out relating to various spatial scales, types of spatial relations and territorial units. Measures of spatial concentration of point patterns as well as landscape metrics were used for this purpose. The indicators used were subject to critical methodological evaluation afterwards. The study was performed in several temporal cross-sections. The locations of new development in agricultural, forest and wasteland areas have been identified. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of appropriate spatial policy and improvement of the spatial order in the Warsaw agglomeration were formulated
Book chapters on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Di Ludovico, M., G. De Martino, A. Prota, G. Manfredi, and M. Dolce. "Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 65–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_4.
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AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.
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Mainini, Andrea Giovanni, Martina Signorini, Jaroslaw Drozdziel, Aleksander Bartoszewski, Sonia Lupica Spagnolo, Teemu Vesanen, Davide Madeddu, et al. "Demonstration in Relevant Environments." In Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings, 95–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_7.
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AbstractThree building case studies were chosen with the purpose of demonstrating the BIM4EEB BIM-based toolkit. The selected buildings are both social houses and residential apartments respecting the needs of vulnerable inhabitants. To increase the representativeness of the test case the buildings are located in three different locations with different climatic conditions, specifically Italy, Poland, Finland. For all the case studies analysed, BIM models were created with different levels of detail (LOD), which, thanks to the interaction with the BIMMS, make it possible to create a common environment for the representation and use of the data collected and subsequently shared between the different tools. Among the three demonstration sites, the Italian site is undergoing building envelope renovation interventions such as the realization of the thermal insulation with ETICS technologies and the replacement of external windows. In order to test the different tools, a demonstration procedure has been defined for them, constituted mainly by workshop activities and quantitative and qualitative evaluations. To assess the level of accomplishment with respect to stated objectives and project success a validation methodology based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was delineated. Precisely, two categories of KPIs have been identified: “mandatory” and “secondary” addressing project objectives and in connection with the literature review and project use cases and tools. To calculate the KPIs standard baselines were estimated, such as are currently in an ongoing process to assess the traditional process that can be compared with the actual value associated with the BIM-based process. The chapter will present the methods and the first intermediate results of a demonstration process that is currently not yet completed and will later see a further application of the tools in dedicated demo sites. Environmental monitoring sensors were installed in selected apartments in Polish and Italian demo site, while were installed in common spaces for the Finnish building. Specific sensors set up have been analysed and chosen to fulfil the different needs related to the specific project outcomes. Inhabitants’ availability, technical condition and flat exposition were criteria followed for the choice of apartments. Sensors allowed to improve the occupancy monitoring and to have a historical record of environmental values such as temperature, humidity and light strictly connected to users’ preferences. The mobile application about renovation activities performed and residents’ indoor home conditions—BIM4Occupants—has been installed by the users and specific workshops with inhabitants were carried out for registration purposes. The BIM Management System is currently collecting sensors’ data stream and data stream between tools such as BIM4Occupants and BIMPlanner. Project monitoring and better communication among users were tested in a different workshop by applying the BIMPlanner tool in the plans and progress site operations. The functionalities of the refurbishment scenario simulation tool—BIMeaser—were tested in qualitative and quantitative design workshops respectively with the construction professionals using the two pilot sites in Italy and in Finland and with the aim of assessing the achieved time savings of using this tool compared to the manual data input process of the scenario simulation.
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Andersson, Ragnar, and Thomas Gell. "Vision Zero on Fire Safety." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_44-1.
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AbstractSince 2010, Sweden has a Vision Zero policy on fire safety: no one should die or be seriously injured as a result of fire. Compared to the traffic safety model, however, the preconditions for successful implementation appear more immature and less convincing in the fire area. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate, using the Vision Zero policy on fire safety as an example, how a Vision Zero initiative in a new area, where the conditions for governance may differ significantly from the area of inspiration, can be dealt with as a dynamic process to gradually establish credibility and effectiveness.Globally, fire is a significant cause of death and injury. The general trend is toward a slow decline, especially among middle-income and high-income countries. The decline may be due to successful fire safety efforts, but also to other conditions affecting it indirectly. Both risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors determine fire safety. Risk increasing factors include an ageing population, an increasing diversity of possible ignition sources, and a change in the composition and amount of combustible materials present in our homes. The risk-reducing factors include generally favorable socioeconomic and technological developments, including concrete societal actions directed against fire risks such as the promotion of smoke detectors and sprinkler systems.Fire safety is one of the oldest documented examples of societal risk management. City planning and construction were early influenced by fire safety considerations, while in contrast, the legal responsibility for residential fire safety has largely remained a private and individual matter. The situation is similar to the one that for long prevailed in the traffic sector, that is, the primary responsibility rests with the system’s users, not with its designers.The launch of the Vision Zero on fire safety in 2010 represented a clear boost in ambition. Along with the vision, a strategy intended to guide the work toward the visionary goal was also presented. The strategy included four items: information, technical solutions, local collaboration, and evaluation/research. Several actions were taken in line with the strategy, including a significant research effort and the development of a set of indicators to monitor progress.Ten years later, the research effort has brought new knowledge that puts previous perceptions into partly new light. The notion that survival depends on the individual’s personal capacities is strengthened. Adverse outcomes such as death and serious injury appear mainly linked to specific vulnerabilities of certain groups for medical and social reasons. Most fires are handled by the residents themselves without injuries and without assistance from Rescue Services; on the other hand, even minor fires can be fatal for vulnerable residents. This turns the problem framing toward social aspects rather than technical, since broad groups of residents lack the capacities needed, conflicting with the prevailing view that the individual should bear the primary responsibility.Other findings relate to the proven inefficiency of certain measures for groups at elevated risk and the need for re-thinking and innovations to meet the challenges ahead. This includes extended inter-sectoral collaboration on a broader spectrum of residential risks besides fire, threatening the same groups for similar social and medical reasons.This updated state of knowledge is now being used as a basis for renewing current national fire safety strategies. With reference to general principles of systems control, this chapter will discuss obstacles and challenges to establish a more robust and systematic national control of the fire problem in line with the Vision Zero policy. The appropriateness of launching Vision Zero policies in fields that are not yet ripe for systematic governance is also discussed. It is concluded that a Vision Zero initiative can still be meaningful and successfully pursued, provided that limitations in the ability to influence crucial elements in the system are openly identified and systematically addressed in a process in which strategical and policy developments interact with research and innovation.
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Andersson, Ragnar, and Thomas Gell. "Vision Zero on Fire Safety." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1143–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_44.
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AbstractSince 2010, Sweden has a Vision Zero policy on fire safety: no one should die or be seriously injured as a result of fire. Compared to the traffic safety model, however, the preconditions for successful implementation appear more immature and less convincing in the fire area. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate, using the Vision Zero policy on fire safety as an example, how a Vision Zero initiative in a new area, where the conditions for governance may differ significantly from the area of inspiration, can be dealt with as a dynamic process to gradually establish credibility and effectiveness.Globally, fire is a significant cause of death and injury. The general trend is toward a slow decline, especially among middle-income and high-income countries. The decline may be due to successful fire safety efforts, but also to other conditions affecting it indirectly. Both risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors determine fire safety. Risk increasing factors include an ageing population, an increasing diversity of possible ignition sources, and a change in the composition and amount of combustible materials present in our homes. The risk-reducing factors include generally favorable socioeconomic and technological developments, including concrete societal actions directed against fire risks such as the promotion of smoke detectors and sprinkler systems.Fire safety is one of the oldest documented examples of societal risk management. City planning and construction were early influenced by fire safety considerations, while in contrast, the legal responsibility for residential fire safety has largely remained a private and individual matter. The situation is similar to the one that for long prevailed in the traffic sector, that is, the primary responsibility rests with the system’s users, not with its designers.The launch of the Vision Zero on fire safety in 2010 represented a clear boost in ambition. Along with the vision, a strategy intended to guide the work toward the visionary goal was also presented. The strategy included four items: information, technical solutions, local collaboration, and evaluation/research. Several actions were taken in line with the strategy, including a significant research effort and the development of a set of indicators to monitor progress.Ten years later, the research effort has brought new knowledge that puts previous perceptions into partly new light. The notion that survival depends on the individual’s personal capacities is strengthened. Adverse outcomes such as death and serious injury appear mainly linked to specific vulnerabilities of certain groups for medical and social reasons. Most fires are handled by the residents themselves without injuries and without assistance from Rescue Services; on the other hand, even minor fires can be fatal for vulnerable residents. This turns the problem framing toward social aspects rather than technical, since broad groups of residents lack the capacities needed, conflicting with the prevailing view that the individual should bear the primary responsibility.Other findings relate to the proven inefficiency of certain measures for groups at elevated risk and the need for re-thinking and innovations to meet the challenges ahead. This includes extended inter-sectoral collaboration on a broader spectrum of residential risks besides fire, threatening the same groups for similar social and medical reasons.This updated state of knowledge is now being used as a basis for renewing current national fire safety strategies. With reference to general principles of systems control, this chapter will discuss obstacles and challenges to establish a more robust and systematic national control of the fire problem in line with the Vision Zero policy. The appropriateness of launching Vision Zero policies in fields that are not yet ripe for systematic governance is also discussed. It is concluded that a Vision Zero initiative can still be meaningful and successfully pursued, provided that limitations in the ability to influence crucial elements in the system are openly identified and systematically addressed in a process in which strategical and policy developments interact with research and innovation.
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Tulonen, Lassi, Markku Karjalainen, and Hüseyin Emre Ilgın. "Tall Wooden Residential Buildings in Finland: What Are the Key Factors for Design and Implementation?" In Engineered Wood Products for Construction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98781.
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This chapter examines tall residential buildings using engineered wood products (EWPs) in Finland. As specified in the National Building Code of Finland, ‘tall wooden building’ is defined as a structure with more than 8-story. Currently, there are two wooden residential buildings, 14-story Lighthouse Joensuu (2019) with laminated veneer lumber (LVL) structure and 13-story HOAS Tuuliniitty (under construction) with cross laminated timber (CLT) structure, that fit the definition above. This study analyses the phenomena associated with the design and implementation processes of these remarkable buildings, the starting points for the projects as well as the prospects of tall wooden housing in Finland through the case study method and interviews with the key actors in the projects. These cases are mapped with extremely detailed information, comprising a valuable source both for designers, engineers as well as developers. As a result, the current state-of-the-art and the critical factors influencing the design and implementation of these challenging sustainable projects in Finland have been identified. It is believed that this chapter will aid and direct key stakeholders in the construction industry in the sound planning and development of tall wooden residential projects in Finland.
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Mrozińska, Agnieszka. "Równoważenie funkcji mieszkaniowej w obszarach dużych miast." In Tendencje rozwoju współczesnego rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych, 34–52. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-124-8/2.
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Balancing the housing function in large cities. Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess spatial cohesion of suburban areas in terms of balancing the volume of housing functions and accompanying functions in the gminas (communes) of the Poznań agglomeration in the years 2012–2016, based on the analysis of the functions of buildings under construction. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted the following tasks: reviewing the literature on suburbanisation processes, in particular in the Poznań agglomeration; performing a statistical analysis on the basis of data from Statistics Poland (GUS); assessing the volume of construction activity performing various functions in the area of the Poznań agglomeration; indicating the main function of newly constructed buildings and analysing measurable characteristics depicting the scale of construction activity, including the number and usable floor area of buildings or the number of dwellings (in the case of the residential function); assessing the relativised characteristics relating to the area and population numbers. Findings: The processes of suburbanisation and the implementation of the residential function are spatially diversified in the Poznań agglomeration. The balance of the housing and supplementary functions differs in individual gminas of the area under analysis. The relation between the usable area of newly completed buildings intended for non-residential purposes (supplementary functions) to the usable area of newly completed buildings intended for residential purposes in the Poznań agglomeration reflected the situation that took place all around Poland. The balance of the residential and supplementary functions depends on the following factors: the state of spatial development in the past (e.g. the presence of land that could be transformed for the needs of a new function), the existence of environmental or administrative development barriers (e.g. marshy ground, military training ground), the current scale of the occurrence of individual functions (e.g. the degree of market saturation with commercial space) or their location on important transport routes. Originality and value: In the face of the inevitability of the development processes, changing the spatial structure of areas surrounding large cities is a challenge for present and future generations, and in particular for local authorities. Even today, we may observe spatial changes affecting rural and rural-urban gminas neighbouring large cities. Under the pressure of the suburbanisation process, the developed residential function in such gminas forces them to take care of other functions that rural areas (so far unprepared to provide most of the functions characteristic of cities) perform or will perform in the future.
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Enegbuma, Wallace Imoudu, Jibril Adewale Bamgbade, Cosmas Pang Han Ming, Chukwuka Christian Ohueri, Bruno Lot Tanko, Edo Oga Ojoko, Yakubu Aminu Dodo, and Sa'id Kori. "Real-Time Construction Waste Reduction Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 610–25. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch025.
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The paradigm shift towards waste reduction in the construction industry has produced revolutionary techniques in assessing and mitigating waste during the construction lifecycle. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology presents potentials in real-time construction waste management for informed decision-making processes for site managers. Due to the dynamic and complex construction work environment, material and equipment, labour and management policies are subjected to latent and identified hazards. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the real time impact of construction waste. UAV technology was adopted. UAV flight mission and deployment time were designed to meet target requirements and snapshot checklist. Data images were captured from an 11-storey residential building and analysed for conformity to construction waste and safety requirements. The prevalence of exposed material and equipment, low labour awareness, and need for policy shift to circular economy was predominant. Further studies can explore multiple construction monitoring and other category of construction works.
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Sovhyra, Tetiana. "THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM OF MEGARON IN THE COURSE OF AESTHETIZATION, ETHIZATION AND SACRALIZATION: CULTURAL ANALYSIS." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-43.
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The aim of the article is to investigate the historical development of the architectural form of the megaron and identify the factors that contributed to the rethinking of its functional features: from a purely utilitarian to a cult purpose. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach and relies on the analytical (when analyzing art history and cultural literature on the subject of research), historical (when clarifying the stages of the formation of the megaron as a form of cult architecture) and conceptual (when analyzing the influence of the processes of aestheticization, ethization and sacralization on the formation of the megaron). The scientific novelty of the article is to identify the factors that contributed to the rethinking of its functional features: from a purely utilitarian to a cult purpose. The results. The evolution of the architectural form of the megaron – from adobe houses with a place for a fire and an overnight stay in the stone building itself, certifying the fact of aestheticization (I invoke this form in the historical development of mankind). In particular, the example of the Temple of Hera in Olympia shows the imitation of wooden structures in stone architecture. This fact historically testifies to the peculiarities of the formation of the Dorian architectural order in Greek culture. Reconsideration of the megaron as a residential building, and as a result of a monumental temple, an altar, is a process of etization and sacralization. This also applies to the columns, in particular, which are first erected out of technological necessity, and over time serve as a necessary aesthetic attribute of the architectural form of the megaron. If clay and wooden buildings were erected mainly for the life of people, then the stone megaron, according to the technology of processing raw materials and the principles of construction, were many times more complicated – they became a kind of monuments and temples, often of a purely religious purpose. The reason for this is not only an understanding of the strength and endurance of raw materials, because if people created structures of stone only so that the latter would withstand as long as possible, then these amazing artifacts would not be so exquisitely and filigree decorated. The practical significance. Key points and the research results can be useful for studies of the processes of cultural development of mankind, in particular, consideration of the history of architecture and sculpture, the processes of aesthetization, ethization and sacralization. Moreover, the article can be used for educational disciplines of culturological and art history in Ukraine and abroad.
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Imrie, Rob. "Speculation and Building Booms." In Concrete Cities, 62–85. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529220513.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 explores the most significant dynamic of building and construction, that is, the speculation in land and real estate. It is particularly evident with the emergence of super-rich enclaves in cities, and the construction of buildings only affordable to wealthy investors. In major cities, like London and New York, the construction of, primarily, residential buildings is part of a broader process of creating investment portfolios. Such properties are less to be lived in and regarded more as economic assets that enable global investors to accumulate wealth. This phenomenon is part of a casino capitalism in which the built environment is regarded as comprising tradable objects, to be exchanged as part of a system of technocratic asset management. In the chapter, the significance of ‘building as assets’ and the impacts on the socio-spatial development of cities is discussed, including pricing people out of local housing markets and rendering neighbourhoods as ‘dead zones’. Buildings are built but rarely inhabited, or are part of a daytime economy that, at best, includes partial human presence and, at worst, perpetuates ‘ghost places’.
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Hay, Nguyen, Le Quang Huy, and Pham Van Kien. "Building New Rural Areas in Vietnam." In Sustainable Rural Development [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101663.
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The study focused on the orientations of building sustainable new rural areas associated with urbanization. This was very necessary, in order to develop a concentrated, commodity agriculture and to form residential areas and infrastructure, which were suitable to the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The agricultural sector was restructured, and the living conditions of rural people were improved close to those in urban areas. The project of the National Target Program on building new rural areas in Vietnam was analyzed. The program has achieved many expected results. In which, the construction of new rural areas has achieved great achievements. The basic socioeconomic infrastructure in the rural areas was strengthened in a synchronous direction. The sustainable development of the rural economy was in the direction of increasing added values and raised people’s incomes and gradually narrowed the gap between rural and urban areas. The work of landscape construction, implementation of environmental sanitation had a remarkable change.
Conference papers on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Pérez, Cristina Toca, and Dayana Bastos Costa. "Evaluation of 4D BIM use to reduce transportation waste in construction production processes." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.35.
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The use of 4D Building Information Models (BIM) for planning construction site logistics has increased in recent years. However, most 4D BIM studies have focused on transformation tasks, neglecting flow activities. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the use of 4D models for flow simulation at operational level, aiming to reduce transportation waste. A field study was conducted on a residential housing project in Brazil. The study included three stages: data collection; 4D BIM simulation; and outcome analysis. Data collection during the site visits aimed to map the physical flows involved in the construction processes studied. Transportation waste were identified, constructive details were collected and time studies were conducted. This information was used for the 4D model development. During the outcome analysis the 4D BIM was presented and discussed in a seminar to the managers and in a workshop to the workers. After that, the model was implemented in the field and the contributions of the 4D BIM for transportation waste reduction were identified. The results highlighted the need to plan transportation activities in constructions site. The use of the simulation developed contributes to the reduction of transportation waste consequences, such as: unsafe working conditions, new transportation activities, and longer distances.
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Grisoni, Michela Marisa. "The struggle for Stone-dry walling: the ambition to protect both processes and products." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15264.
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Quoting from the inscription into the Intangible Cultural Heritage List (2018), the art of dry-stone walling concerns “the know-how” related to making stone constructions that explains the interest towards the product process as well as the product itself. The protection of the ability in stones selection and their placement, without mortar or dry soil at most, has moved the attention from walls to walling too. As a result, the idea of authenticity should be rediscussed to preserve not only some existing monuments and amazing landscape, but a living heritage and a sustainable land use. A risk occurs in some coastal areas, both maritime or front lake, and in the valleys, of the Alps or the Apennines. These places are the most sensitive to residential and receptive exploitation; as a result, an aesthetic landscape perception is taking advantage against its structural conception and the authentic art construction for dwelling (buildings), farming (terraced arrangements) or husbandry (cow-walls). The awareness of the role of dry building for the consolidation of the slopes, the protection of the mountain and the harmonious relationship between environments and species the inscription would preserve, is misunderstood. In Italy some evident ambiguities are occurring into practice and local behaviours. Although the inscription has invited preservation program, the governance of the art of terraced arrangement seems often reduced to a picturesque disposal; misunderstood if not betrayed in its authenticity both as a product and as a process. Some case studies are proposed to point out this slipped issue, considering the Lake of Como as an elective observation area. By the presentation of some real examples, both virtuous and critical, a discussion and comparison with other contexts, both national and international, should eventually be favoured.
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Rodríguez, Jainer S., Duván C. Villegas, Marley C. Vanegas, and Guillermo E. Valencia. "Experimental Study of a Parabolic Trough Collector for Low Enthalpy Processes in the City of Barranquilla." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71245.
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Solar thermal energy is an alternative to provide heat for low-enthalpy processes at commercial and residential sectors in communities with energy sources scarcity. The present work is focused in the experimental performance analysis of a parabolic trough collector (PTC) designed and manufactured to minimize construction costs by setting the best parabolic profile and rim angle to improve thermal efficiency through enhancing light reflection in its parabolic surface, compound by conventional flat mirrors. The design considers an uncovered copper alloy receiver aligned with the focus of the reflective surface supported on a light metal structure. Sunlight collection area was defined at 1.2 m2 to allow installation of serial or parallel modular arrangements at reduced spaces like a building rooftop, the concentration ratio for this PTC is close to 33. This device was designed to use water as heat transfer fluid (HTF) and to be operated under environmental conditions of the city of Barranquilla, Efficiency curves were obtained based on experimental tests conducted with multiple HTF flow rate and varying reflecting surface slope for one PTC, obtaining a peak efficiency of 48 % and a without a tracking system. This device can be manufactured with a cost close to 80 USD/m2.
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Oliveira, Natália Castro de, and Cristine do Nascimento Mutti. "Controle da programação de um empreendimento: estudo de caso." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.10.
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In the current scenario of crisis in the country, construction companies need to invest in management and in process control. The PPC is one of the most complex processes in companies. This is due to the large number of variables that influence the system and the interdependence between them and external factors. This research was a case study conducted during the execution of a residential building, which had its planning in development and being applied daily. In order to carry out the control in the building site the PPC tool was applied weekly, with daily control. The main problems identified were: unfinished prior task, low productivity, lack of sub contractor´s labor, lack of labor and lack of building materials. Refining the PPC can identify more easily those responsible for delays and take corrective action on site.
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Muller, Hyago Maurício Bremm, Priscila Mirapalhete Rodegheri, and José Carlos Paliari. "Produtividade da mão de obra na execução de alvenaria estrutural em edifício residencial." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.47.
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The search for improvements in the construction industry has made companies better know their production processes in order to reduce consumption of material and activity that do not add value to the product, as well as ensure better productivity of their teams. For these reasons, this research sought to measure, through a case study, indicators of labor productivity in the execution of the structural masonry of a residential building located in the city of São Carlos, SP, run by a small company. The results showed that the studied team has a higher productivity when compared to the indicators provided by the Sinapi and TCPO tables. In the analysis of time distribution, we observed significantly low unproductive activity and values of good and productive activity and compatible with values presented in the literature. Although it has occurred in a short period of time, this study enlightened that small businesses have optimized their processes in order to remain competitive in the marketplace, demonstrating the efficiency of their team.
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Álvarez, Mario Fernando Restrepo, and Alejandro Vásquez Hernández. "HEPO- system of feedback of buildings from real conditions of use." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.51.
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The evaluation of buildings in real conditions of use or post-occupancy evaluation, is the systematic study of buildings with the objective of decide their performance once they are inhabited; is a process of review and identification of successes and failures, in order to improve the conditions of existing buildings and to feed future designs, in search of residential satisfaction. Nowdays, the construction industry in Colombia does not have feedback processes regarding the operation of a building; Therefore, the research presented below proposes a tool for post-occupational evaluation - HEPO-, which is oriented to the analysis of buildings in use phase, in terms of meeting needs and preserving quality in the time of the materials, providing as a result the variables of study for the Colombian sector, in order to understand the performance dynamics, and proposes the mechanisms of collection and processing the information for the correct presentation of results, also presents the barriers at the time of HEPO application. In order to verify the effectiveness of the tool, it is validated in five housing projects in the city of Medellín, Colombia.
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Roumyeh, Mohamad Louay, and Vladimir Lvovich Badenko. "Integrating BIM and GIS to Move Towards CIM." In IV Международная научно-практическая конференция «BIM-моделирование в задачах строительства и архитектуры». СПбГАСУ, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/bimac.2021.002.
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The building and construction industry has witnessed many developments over the past few years. The most important of these developments is the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM technologies have contributed to the development of this industry significantly. So far, they have been used at the level of individual buildings and projects. Nowadays, the continuous need for development is forcing the transition to BIM on a wider level to include cities, through integration with other systems, mainly Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The integration between BIM and GIS will contribute to obtaining digital models for cities, or so-called City Information Modeling (CIM). CIM will contribute significantly to supporting the decision-making process, in addition to developing urban planning processes for cities. Furthermore, the CIM models will form the base for creating digital twins in order to conduct smart cities projects. In this research paper, we will explain how to take advantage of the overlap and integration between BIM and GIS in order to create a CIM model for a small region, as exemplified by Nizhny Novgorod in the Russian Federation. The area studied includes four main properties (a school, a garage, and two residential properties).
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Benshak, Alice Bernard. "An Assessment of the Approaches of Construction and Demolition Waste in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sebh6010.
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The continuous rise in population, urbanization and expansion of cities has triggered a corresponding increase in construction and demolition activity. The frequent collapse of buildings attributed to poor structural design, building decay, and/or use of substandard materials has generated a substantial increase in construction refuse, also referred to as Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste. This waste stream originates from residential, commercial, agricultural, institutional and industrial building projects for new builds, reconstruction, expansion, and refurbishments/rehabilitation. Most studies in Nigeria have generally focused on solid waste management without considering the uniqueness of C&D and giving it the attention needed, in order to achieve sustainable urban spaces that are highly functional, safe, convenient, and livable. This study seeks to investigate the different approaches and processes of C&D waste management in the City of Jos, in the Plateau State of Nigeria. The mix method was adopted for this research whereby quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire for construction enterprises, as well as face-to-face interviews with the agencies responsible for waste management in the city. A total of 21 construction companies (representing about 10%) were randomly selected for questionnaire administration while interviews were conducted with the Plateau Environmental Protection and Sanitation Agency (PEPSA) and the Jos Metropolitan Development Board (JMDB) who are responsible for waste management. Investigations revealed that C&D waste consists of heavy and non-degradable materials such as: sheet metal roofing, sand, gravel, concrete, masonry, metal, and wood to mention only a few. The construction companies are solely responsible for: the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes generated from their activities. Approximately 60-70% of the C&D waste materials are either reused, recycled or resold, while the remaining residual waste is indiscriminately disposed. Although the PEPSA and JMDB are responsible for waste management, their focus has been on establishing solid non-hazardous waste infrastructure systems, policies and plans. The absence of records of the quantity of C&D waste generated, the lack of financial data, and the omission of policies and plans for the C&D waste stream has resulted in a missed opportunity for a comprehensive and sustainable waste management strategy for the City and the state. To protect public health, valuable resources, and natural ecosystems, it is recommended that the C&D waste stream be included as part of the state’s waste management program, in consideration of the growing construction and demolition activity, by including C&D policies and guidelines.
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Beary, Thanveer M., and Tariq S. Abdelhamid. "Production Planning Process in Residential Construction Using Lean Construction and Six Sigma Principles." In Construction Research Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40754(183)16.
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Ebun Rotimi, Funmilayo, John Tookey, and James Olabode Rotimi. "The UK Snagging Process – A Benchmark for Residential Construction." In Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_q-4-0330.
Full textReports on the topic "Residential construction processes"
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Kerber, Steve. Impact of Ventilation on Fire Behavior in Legacy and Contemporary Residential Construction. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/gieq2593.
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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service ventilation practices as well as the impact of changes in modern house geometries. There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, more open floor plans and volumes and increased synthetic fuel loads. This series of experiments examine this change in fire behavior and the impact on firefighter ventilation tactics. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the fire behavior associated with these scenarios and result in immediately developing the necessary firefighting ventilation practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. Two houses were constructed in the large fire facility of Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL. The first of two houses constructed was a one-story, 1200 ft, 3 bedroom, bathroom house with 8 total rooms. The second house was a two-story 3200 ft, 4 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom house with 12 total rooms. The second house featured a modern open floor plan, two- story great room and open foyer. Fifteen experiments were conducted varying the ventilation locations and the number of ventilation openings. Ventilation scenarios included ventilating the front door only, opening the front door and a window near and remote from the seat of the fire, opening a window only and ventilating a higher opening in the two-story house. One scenario in each house was conducted in triplicate to examine repeatability. The results of these experiments provide knowledge for the fire service for them to examine their thought processes, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of changes that can be adopted based on a departments current strategies and tactics.
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Reine, Kevin. A literature review of beach nourishment impacts on marine turtles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43829.
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This Technical Report was developed by the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Environmental Laboratory (ERDC-EL), to summarize the known impacts to nesting sea turtles along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts resulting from beach nourishment. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for maintaining the nation’s infrastructure to include ports and harbors through dredging of Federal navigation channels as well as shoreline stabilization. Shoreline stabilization through beach nourishment activities can provide opportunities for reductions in storm surge, flood control, and provide opportunities for residential growth, recreational activities, and coastal habitat restoration (Guilfoyle et al. 2019). Beach nourishment is an effective method for protection and enhancement of coastal development projects but may have detrimental impacts on marine life (e.g., nesting sea turtles and shorebirds). The objective of this Technical Report is to examine all elements of the beach nourishment process to include, active beach construction, entrainment of marine turtles in hopper dredges, beach protection and hard structures, beach profile features, compaction and shear resistance, artificial lighting, marine turtle nest relocation, and nesting habitat factors. Recommendations for mitigating and minimizing these impacts are provided.