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Dalal, Rakesh, Kamal Bansal, and Sapan Thapar. "Bridging the energy gap of India’s residential buildings by using rooftop solar PV systems for higher energy stars." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab017.
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Abstract The residential-building sector in India consumes >25% of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity; consumption increased by 26% between 2014 and 2017. India has introduced a star-labelling programme for residential buildings that is applicable for all single- and multiple-dwelling units in the country for residential purposes. The Energy Performance Index (EPI) of a building (annual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per square metre of the building) is taken as an indicator for awarding the star label for residential buildings. For gauging the EPI status of existing buildings, the electricity consumption of residential buildings (in kWh/m2/year) is established through a case study of the residential society. Two years of electricity bills are collected for an Indian residential society located in Palam, Delhi, analysed and benchmarked with the Indian residential star-labelling programme. A wide EPI gap is observed for existing buildings for five-star energy labels. Based on existing electricity tariffs, the energy consumption of residential consumers and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)’s proposed building ENERGY STAR labelling, a grid-integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system is considered for achieving a higher star label. This research study establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings in Indian cities through a case study of Delhi. Techno-economic analysis of a grid-integrated 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant is analysed by using RETScreen software. The study establishes that an additional two stars can be achieved by existing buildings by using a grid-integrated rooftop solar PV plant. Payback for retrofit of a 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant for Indian cites varies from 3 to 7 years. A case study in Delhi, India establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings. Techno-economic analysis of grid integrated, 3 kWp rooftop solar systems estimates a payback period from 3 to 7 years.
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Brar, Tejwant Singh, and Navneet Munoth. "Solar and Green Building Guidelines for Hot Arid Climate in India." Building Research Journal 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/brj-2014-0005.
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Abstract There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and ‘‘green’’ buildings, while the other emphasizes energy use and energy efficient buildings. The promoters of ‘‘green’’ buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy and solar buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these buildings. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to of lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate. The results also show that there should be little difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought. The best buildings will generally be those that are both low energy, and ‘‘green’’. This paper also gives policy guidelines to integrate them in the building bye-laws for hot arid climate
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Saha, S., R. Hiremath, and P. Sanjay. "Barriers to adoption of green buildings – a review." CARDIOMETRY, no. 22 (May 25, 2022): 377–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.377385.
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The global construction sector accounts for 13.2% of the world GDP. It contributes to the world’s economic growth engine and climate changes due to its high energy footprint. Sustainable buildings can reduce the adverse impacts of the construction industry, but their adoption is slow due to hindrances. The purpose of this paper is to extensively review the literature on barriers to green building adoption to date. Also, to highlight the overlapping and unique barriers specific to India compared to few prominent countries, provide solutions and recommendations for future research. The barriers were classified under Economic, Governmental, Organizational, and Social perception, Information, Technology, and material categories. Barriers unique to India and few others developing countries are an extension of project schedules, lack of research and developmental works, lack of public motivation, poor building code enforcement, high payback period, uncertain supply of green materials, improper implementation of policy framework, and performance of GBTs. The green building construction sector is fragmented around the world. Even green building definition is not the same globally, although the environmental aspect is the same. Similarly, there are unique and overlapping challenges in green building adoption globally. Buildings in usage perspectives can be classified into Residential and Non-residential. This study looks only at non-residential buildings due to their homogenous nature. There is a dearth of specific studies related to the adoption of green buildings in India. This study aims to fulfill India’s standing in the barriers to green building adoption concerning the developed and developing countries.
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Kumar, Ashok, Pardeep Singh, Nishant Raj Kapoor, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Kshitij Jain, Kishor S. Kulkarni, and Raffaello Cozzolino. "Ecological Footprint of Residential Buildings in Composite Climate of India—A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111949.
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Buildings are accountable for waste generation, utilization of natural resources, and ecological contamination. The construction sector is one of the biggest consumers of resources available naturally and is responsible for significant CO2 emissions on the planet. The effects of the buildings on the environment are commonly determined using Life Cycle Assessments (LCA). The investigation and comparison of the Life Cycle Ecological Footprint (LCEF) and Life Cycle Energy (LCE) of five residential buildings situated in the composite climatic zone of India is presented in this study. The utilization of resources (building materials) along with developing a mobile application and a generic model to choose low emission material is the uniqueness of this study. The utilization of eco-friendly building materials and how these are more efficient than conventional building materials are also discussed. In this investigation, the two approaches, (a) Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) and (b) Life Cycle Ecological Footprint (LCEF), are discussed to evaluate the impacts of building materials on the environment. The energy embedded due to the materials used in a building is calculated to demonstrate the prevalence of innovative construction techniques over traditional materials. The generic model developed to assess the LCEA of residential buildings in the composite climate of India and the other results show that the utilization of low-energy building materials brings about a significant decrease in the LCEF and the LCE of the buildings. The results are suitable for a similar typology of buildings elsewhere in different climatic zone as well. The MATLAB model presented will help researchers globally to follow-up or replicate the study in their country. The developed user-friendly mobile application will enhance the awareness related to energy, environment, ecology, and sustainable development in the general public. This study can help in understanding and thus reducing the ecological burden of building materials, eventually leading towards sustainable development.
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Sivakumar, C., R. Malathy, and P. Sivaprakash. "A Study on Fire Safety on Residential and Commercial Construction Sites." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0022.
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AbstractThe construction industry in India is the country’s second largest industrial sector, after agriculture. The construction industry makes a remarkable contribution to the Indian economy and provides employment to a large number of people of India. Fire is a chemical reaction of a combustible substance with oxygen, involving heat and is usually accompanied by a visual flame or incandescence. Ensuring fire safety has always been a challenge to the stakeholders, i.e. building owners, construction companies, contractors and sub-contractors, and government employees due to the multiplicity of the factors involved and their complexity. There are various legal standards and requirements for ensuring fire safety on construction sites. The buildings are normally provided with firewalls during construction and these firewalls separate two structures or divide a structure into smaller portions to prevent the spread of fire. The lightweight construction and trusses are designed to support only their own weight. During a fire, if one fails, a domino effect happens and all fail rapidly within 5 to 10 minutes. Prolonged exposure to fire may result in structural collapse and injury or death of the occupants of the building under construction. Fire safety on construction sites is still in its primitive stages in India. There is a great necessity to improve fire safety on construction sites to protect construction workers and other occupants of the buildings. This study aims to design and implement fire safety systems for construction sites, thereby enhancing the standards to meet the system requirements at par with global standards.
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Ramanan, P., K. Kalidasa Murugavel, A. Karthick, and K. Sudhakar. "Performance evaluation of building-integrated photovoltaic systems for residential buildings in southern India." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419881740.
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The integration of photovoltaic modules into the building structure is a challenging task with respect to power generation of PV module and the effect of incident solar radiation. The performance of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules varies depending upon the orientation and azimuth angle of the building. In this work, the year-round performance and economic feasibility analysis of grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaic (GBIPV) modules is reported for the hot and humid climatic regional condition at Kovilpatti (9°10′0′′N, 77°52′0′′E), Tamil Nadu, India. The appropriate mounting structures are provided, to experimentally simulate the performance of GBIPV modules at various orientations and inclination angles (0° to 90°). The result indicated that the optimum orientation for installation of BIPV modules in the façade and walls is found to be east while that for a pitched roof south orientation is recommended. The overall average annual performance ratio, capacity utilisation factor, array capture loss and system losses are found to be 0.83, 23%, 0.07 (h/day), and 0.17 (h/day), respectively. In addition, the economic feasibility of grid connected PV system for residential buildings in Tamil Nadu, India is analysed using HOMER by incorporating both a net metering process and electricity tariff. Practical application: Grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaic system has many benefits and barriers by being installed and integrated into the building structure. The application of GBIPV in building structures and its orientation of installation needs to be optimised before installing into buildings. This study will assist architects and wider community to design buildings facades and roofs with GBIPV system which are more aesthetic and account for noise protection and thermal insulation in the region of equatorial climate zones. By adding as shading devices, they can reduce the need for artificial lighting, and moderate heating or cooling load of the buildings.
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Gujarathi, Anshul P. "Cost Parameters of Green Residential Buildings in Pune, India." MATEC Web of Conferences 68 (2016): 13010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166813010.
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Saha, Sayani, Rahul B. Hiremath, Sanjay Prasad, and Bimlesh Kumar. "Barriers to Adoption of Commercial Green Buildings in India: A Review." Journal of Infrastructure Development 13, no. 2 (December 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749306211058499.
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The global construction sector accounts for 13.2% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). It not only contributes to the economic growth engine of the world but also climate changes due to its high energy footprint. Sustainable buildings have the potential to reduce the adverse impacts of the construction industry, but their adoption is slow due to hindrances. The aim of this paper is to study literature on barriers to green building adoption to date and highlight the overlapping and unique barriers specific to India in comparison to a few prominent countries, and provide solutions and recommendations for future research. The methodology has been an extensive literature review of the barriers to green building (GB) adoption. The key findings, namely barriers, were classified under economic, governmental, organizational and social perception, information, technology and material categories. Barriers unique to India and a few other developing countries are an extension of project schedules, lack of research and developmental works, lack of public motivation, poor building code enforcement, high payback period, uncertain supply of green materials, improper implementation of policy framework and performance of green building technologies (GBT’s). The GB construction sector is fragmented around the world. Even the GB definition is not the same across the globe although the environmental aspect is the same. Similarly, there are unique and overlapping challenges in GB adoption globally. Buildings in usage perspectives can be classified into residential and non-residential. This study looks only at non-residential GBs due to their homogenous nature. There is a dearth of specific studies related to the adoption of GBs in India. This study aims to fulfil the gap of India’s standing in the barriers to GB adoption with respect to the developed and developing countries. JEL Classification: I18
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Brar, Tejwant Singh, and M. Arif Kamal. "Low Energy Residential Building Design for Hot Arid Climate: A Green Approach." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.114.
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Large part of North–Western India has Hot Arid climate which is characterised by hot summers, humid monsoon, and extremely cold winters, and also there is a difference in daily maximum and mean temperatures of as much as 15 to 20°C and this results in high energy demand to achieve comfort conditions. Green buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate.
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Basu, Chaitali, M. G. Matt Syal, Virendra Kumar Paul, and Minakshi Priydarshini. "Energy Efficiency Renovation Financing Models for Homeowners and Net Present Value Analysis: Case Study from India." International Journal of Real Estate Studies 16, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/intrest.v16n1.42.
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In India, the lack of financing mechanisms has been identified as a major impediment in achieving energy efficiency (EE) and requires focused research to identify barriers and propose innovative financial models. This paper presents details of selected Government of India initiatives that highlight interlinking strategies of energy efficiency renovations, their financing models, and institutional policies needed for their implementation. These initiatives show that residential buildings have tremendous scope for retrofitting as they successfully attract finances through Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) and Renewable ESCO (RESCO) routes. This research highlights understanding of financial and technical barriers in energy efficiency retrofitting for existing residential buildings. Additionally, it discusses financial models and technical interventions being employed in energy efficiency residential retrofitting projects and demonstrates a retrofitting cost model for an actual case study project for composite climate using various physical and technological interventions. The work includes developing retrofitting scenarios through Government initiatives of technical interventions, then performing energy saving calculations, and finally developing cost model explaining the actual savings and payback periods for the potential intervention’s investments. These steps led to the development of a potential cost model which can assist both homeowners and energy professionals in identifying and implementing energy retrofitting measures in the residential building sector.
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Kirankumar, Gorantla, Shaik Saboor, Putta Ranga Talanki Setty, and Ashok Babu. "Effect of Various External Shading Devices on Windows for Minimum Heat Gain and Adequate Day lighting into Buildings of Hot and Dry Climatic Zone in India." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814404008.
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Glass is the major component of the building envelope to provide visual comfort to inside the buildings. In général clear and bronze glass was used as a main building envelope for both residential and commercial buildings to provide better day lighting into the buildings. If we use more glass area as a building envelope more radiation allows into the buildings. So that it is necessary to reduce more solar radiation and provide sufficient daylight factor inside the building's through glass windows with the help of external devices called shading devices. In this work four shading devices was tried on bronze glass window to find the heat gain and daylighting into buildings. This paper presents the experimental measurement of spectral characteristics of bronze glass which include transmission and reflection in entire solar spectrum region (300nm-2500nm) based on ASTM standards. A MATLAB code was developed to compute visible and solar optical properties as per the British standards. A building model was designed by design builder software tool. 40% window to wall ratio was considered for building models, thermal and day lighting analysis of buildings through windows was carried out in Energy plus software tool for hot and dry climatic zone of India.
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Praseeda, K. I., B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, and M. Mani. "Embodied and operational energy of urban residential buildings in India." Energy and Buildings 110 (January 2016): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.072.
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Qazi, Ahmad, and Ashish Kumar. "Dynamic Analysis of Confined Masonry Structures for Residential Buildings under Seismic Conditions." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40967.
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Abstract: In India, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced cement concrete are the go-to technologies when it comes to construction of modern residential buildings, with the design applications ranging from one-story nuclear family houses to multi-story apartment buildings housing several families. However, each major natural disaster in India has exposed several ‘chinks in the armour’ linked to both of these widely employed construction techniques. Enter confined masonry. Confined masonry offers a substitute to both, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced concrete framed residential buildings for applications in disaster prone areas of the world while keeping the cost under check and optimizing the structural performance. Confined masonry has evolved over the last century through an informal process based on its satisfactory performance in past, mostly in countries with high seismic activity like Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey. It is used for both non-engineered and engineered construction as its field applications range from one-story single-family dwellings to six-story apartment buildings. Some countries have even adopted design provisions and construction guidelines for confined masonry in their building codes. The success and implementation of building technologies is totally dependent on the local conditions like the availability and cost of building materials, the skill level of construction labour and the availability of construction tools and equipment. The fact that confined masonry construction looks similar to reinforced frame construction with masonry infill walls and that it uses the same components, i.e., masonry infills, tie-beams and tie-columns, helps in an easy transition to adopt confined masonry. Although confined masonry construction practice doesn’t require any advanced construction equipment or an extra skillset, it is necessary to lay emphasis on the quality of the construction for its satisfactory performance. Hence, to optimize the quality of confined masonry structures, this thesis employs the use of a modern easy-to-learn-and-use structural software known as ETABS. Keywords: Confined Masonry, RCC Frame, Unreinforced Brick Masonry, ETABS, Seismic Performance.
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Datta, Arindam, R. Suresh, Akansha Gupta, Damini Singh, and Priyanka Kulshrestha. "Indoor air quality of non-residential urban buildings in Delhi, India." International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 6, no. 2 (December 2017): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.07.005.
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Aggarwal, Vivek, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashok Kumar, Tabish Alam, Anuj Kumar, Arijit Ghosh, and Aritra Ghosh. "Potential and Future Prospects of Geothermal Energy in Space Conditioning of Buildings: India and Worldwide Review." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208428.
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This paper presents modern trends in geothermal energy utilization, mainly focusing on ground source heat (GSH) pumps for space conditioning in buildings. This paper focuses on India along with a general review of studies around the world. Space conditioning of a building contributes to about 40–50% of the total energy consumed in buildings and has an adverse impact on the environment and human health. The India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) estimates that the demand for electricity for heating and cooling of buildings will increase by over 700% in India at current levels by 2047 with an additional 800 GW of power generation capacity needed just to meet heating and cooling needs by 2050, of which about 70% is required for the residential sector only. It further intensifies as the demand for peak electric load sharply increases in summer because of the extensive use of building air conditioning systems. Researchers across the globe have tried different cooling systems and found that some systems can offer a certain amount of energy-efficient performance, and also occupant comfort. Therefore, this article examines the geothermal potential in buildings for space conditioning by critically reviewing experimental and numerical studies along with the future prospects of GSH pumps.
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Kochhar, Priyanka, Namrata Mahal, Sanjay Seth, and Mandeep Singh. "Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment—A green-building rating system for catalysing climate-change mitigation/adaptation in India." F1000Research 11 (February 7, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108826.1.
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Green-building rating systems (GBRSs) are critical for implementing climate change (CC) mitigation strategies because they can help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector. From the Indian policy perspective, the ClimateSMART Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) provides cities a roadmap toward mitigating CC while planning/implementing their actions and facilitates realising energy efficiency and green buildings through GBRS adoption and incentivisation. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is a comprehensive GBRS aligned with CSCAF and India’s climate goals, facilitating the implementation of Government of India’s relevant policies and climate-adaptation measures within a building project’s different phases. This paper examines existing institutional mechanisms for incentivising GRIHA-rated projects and provides recommendations for municipal bodies, regional developmental authorities, and state governments for strengthening resource efficiency in the built environment through GRIHA. Residential buildings are considered because their contribution to GHG emissions is the greatest among buildings. Data were collected through literature review, reviewing smart-city proposals and latest state annual action plans, Right to Information queries, and structured interviews of stakeholders. Feedback from green-building certification agencies, project proponents, and government officials revealed a need for local-level information dissemination and guidance on institutional mechanisms for incentivising green-rated projects. Further, to understand the implementation mechanisms for GRIHA-linked incentives, residential projects under some local-government agencies were documented as case studies, providing useful insights into prevalent mechanisms for availing incentives while facilitating GRIHA compliance. The information provided herein can be useful for local governments in other developing countries for guiding the building sector toward mitigating climate change.
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Sakhlecha, Manish, Samir Bajpai, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Residential Building During Planning Stage to Forecast Its Environmental Impact." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2021010110.
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India is a rapidly growing economy witnessing continuous growth in the housing sector and living standards. The main focus of construction practices still remains on the architectural aspects of the buildings, largely unconcerned with their environmental impacts. The current thrust of concern for building sector, especially in developing countries, is to assess the environmental impact of buildings in a quantifiable way for implementing sustainable measures and achieving sustainability. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive tool that is used worldwide to assess the environmental performance of any product or a process. This paper assesses the environmental impact of a residential house at planning stage on the basis of lifecycle assessment (LCA) considering various stages of building like construction, operation (for service life) and demolition, and identifies the hot-spots in the form of building components, materials, and stages.
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Gupta, Diksha, and Deepti Hazari. "COMPARISON OF MULTISTOREY BUILDING USING RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT SEISMIC ZONES BY USING STAAD.PRO SOFTWARE." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 8, 2022): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/31.
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A multi-storey building is just a building that has multiple storeys above the ground. A multi storied building is either residential or commercial. Migration of individuals from rural to urban centres where job opportunities are significant. The land available for building to accommodate this migration is becoming scarce which ends in rapid increase within the cost of land. And this leads to construction of multi-storeyed buildings as they supply an outsized floor area in an exceedingly relatively small area of land in urban cities. A comparison of highrise buildings by response spectrum analysis in different seismic zones of India. The main objective of this research paper is to compare regular and irregular buildings in seismic zone III & zone V by response spectrum analysis in STAAD. Pro. The soil type taken into consideration is medium soil type. The aim is to find base shear, storey drift and story displacement and eigen value and eigen vector by response spectrum analysis. Cost analysis has also been done. Analysis is done as per IS 456:2000 and IS 1893:2002. It focuses on dynamic analysis of buildings. Without increasing the area, we can extend only the building’s floor to design a multi-storied building as this will save overall building cost. Key Words: Seismic Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Drift, Story Displacement, STAAD.Pro
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Agarwal, Aditi, and Holly Samuelson. "Too Hot to Stay at Home: Residential Heat Vulnerability in Urban India." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012166.
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Abstract Rising temperatures may lead to deadly heat waves in India. Combined with a growing urban population and mass production of affordable housing, this can sharply accelerate the demand for space cooling. India’s voluntary Energy Conservation Building Code - Residential (ECBC-R) or Eco Niwas Samhita 2018 limits thermal transmittance of the envelope. This research considers and critiques this approach through building simulation and an analysis of indoor comfort and severity of overheating during the summer months (April-May-June), in hot-dry and warm-humid climate zones. Code requirements neither vary with climate zones, nor is it adapted to future climate conditions. Our building simulations and analysis show that soon (2030s) parts of the country are likely to suffer from overheating 74% of time in summer. A minimally code compliant building would need air conditioning 90% of summer while a highly efficient iteration could reduce this by a third, in the hot-dry climate zone. Further, commonly used envelope assemblies are uncomfortably hot 77% (in the hot-dry zone) and 23% (in the hot-humid zone) of time in summer, on average. This analysis illustrates the vulnerability of current construction techniques to extreme heat and aims to avoid a long-term lock-in of inefficient, high energy consuming residential buildings.
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Madhumathi, A., S. Radhakrishnan, and R. Shanthipriya. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roofs in Warm Humid Climates: A Case of Residential Buildings in Madurai, India." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.82.
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Green roof application on real residential buildings in Tamilnadu, India is very limited and mostly concentrated in major cities mainly for visual purposes. There is not enough research has been conducted to boost up the benefits of green roof system in Warm and Humid weather in India. Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing a building’s energy demand for space conditioning. To quantify the thermal performance and energy efficiency of green roofs an experimental investigation was done in residential buildings of Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. This paper refers to the analysis of the thermal properties and indoor thermal performance study of the green roof. The investigation were implemented in two phases: during the first phase, extended surface, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken at the indoor and outdoor environment of the buildings where the green roof had installed and during the second phase of the study, the thermal properties of the green roof, as well as, the cooling potential were examined. Results showed vegetative roofs reduced heat gain compared to the white reflective roofs and conventional reinforced cement concrete due to the thermal mass, extra insulation, and evapo-transpiration associated with the vegetative roofing systems. The results also proved that green roofs provide acceptable indoor thermal performance with respect to the other conventional roofs while re-establishing the relationship between human and environment, which have been destroyed due to the rapid urbanization.
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Ramakrishnan, Devraj, Leyanna Susan George, Arun Jacob, Harsha Lais, Midhun Rajeev, K. N. Panicker, and Vishal Marwaha. "Outbreak investigation of acid fly attack among residential students in a tertiary care centre in South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195498.
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Paederus dermatitis is the skin irritation resulting from contact with the haemolymph of certain rove beetles, a group that is comprised by the genus Paederus. In May 2018, there was an increase in the number of residential students reporting with burning skin lesions. In this context, an outbreak investigation was conducted. A team of public health specialists visited these residential buildings and premises. The inmates who were affected were interviewed and examined. Suspected insects were collected and entomologically evaluated by the Zoological Survey of India. On examination of the affected individuals, it was observed that the rashes were very much suggestive of acid fly toxin induced lesions. Inspection of the premises, revealed small heaps of dried leaves with moisture at two sites which could have served as a suitable environment for acid fly multiplication. Our study concluded that Paederus fuscipes as the causative agent. Top storeys of buildings, illuminated at night, facing potentially wet areas were considered to be the potential risk factor. Fly proofing of the building, cleaning the institution premises and chemical treatment was suggested as appropriate control measures.
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Pandey, Kamal, Bhaskar Basu, and Sandipan Karmakar. "An Efficient Decision-Making Approach for Short Term Indoor Room Temperature Forecasting in Smart Environment: Evidence from India." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 20, no. 02 (March 2021): 733–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622021500164.
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“Smart cities” start with “Smart Buildings” that improve the quality of urban services while ensuring sustainability. The current scenario in India reveals that the corporate and residential building structures are incorporating various self-sustainable techniques. Out of the multiple factors governing the comfort of smart buildings, indoor room temperature is an important one, since it drives the need of cooling or heating through controlling systems. Around one-third of total energy consumption of commercial buildings in India is attributed to Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Accurate prediction of indoor room temperature helps in creating an efficient equilibrium between energy consumption and comfort level of the building, thus providing opportunities for efficient decision making for energy optimization. Considering Indian climatic and geographical conditions, this paper proposes an efficient decision making approach using Bayesian Dynamic Models (BDM) for short-term indoor room temperature forecasting of a corporate building structure. The results obtained from Bayesian Dynamic linear model, using Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, have been compared to standard Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, and have been found to be more accurate. Forecasting of indoor room temperature is a highly nonlinear phenomenon, so to further improve the accuracy of the linear models, a hybrid modeling approach has been proposed. The inclusion of state-of-the-art nonlinear models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) improves the forecasting accuracy of the linear models significantly. Results show that the hybrid model obtained using BDM and ANN is the best fit model.
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Hedaoo, Namdeo, and Amey Pawar. "Risk Assessment Model Based on Fuzzy Logic for Residential Buildings." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2021-0026.
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Abstract Risk is involved in every construction project. Residential building construction projects comprise a variety of risks and are more likely to be affected due to their difficulty and many operations and threats. The study aims to identify the various risk elements and their effect on construction projects of residential buildings using a fuzzy approach with the help of MATLAB software. This study includes 60 risk factors recognised through an expert opinion and literature review. These factors are categorised into 7 major groups, i.e., construction, project manager, architect/consultant, contractor, owner, resources, and external environment-specific risk factors. A questionnaire was prepared and sent using emails based on the identified risk factors to be filled out by construction industry professionals in India and by conducting in-person interviews. Based on the risk severities obtained from the fuzzy model, the top 10 risk factors have been considered. As a result, for identified top severe risk factors, a significant risk response strategy was implemented.
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Purushothaman A., Purushothaman A., and Thirumaran K. Thirumaran K. "Evaluating the climate-responsive design strategies of vernacular buildings in Konearirajapuram village, Nagappattinam, India." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 39, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-08-2018-0069.
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PurposeVernacular architecture is an architectural style of buildings that were constructed by artisanal builders who lacked formal qualifications, used local materials and had a deep understanding of local climatic needs. This approach addressed climatic, energy, materials and construction issues in a low-cost way. Building interiors were often made comfortable by using passive internal climate regulation methods, which could be key to resolving some of the current issues of the modern world.Design/methodology/approachTamil Nadu is a land full of local architecture, with Konearirajapuram settlement a thriving specimen of its vernacular architecture, as one of the original Vathima villages (planned Brahmin villages). Here the authors present an appraisal of this settlement's native architecture with its various passive design elements. A questionnaire survey was also conducted among local residents, living in both vernacular and contemporary residential buildings, to understand the quality of indoor environmental comfort in the different building types (single courtyard, multiple courtyards and multiple story houses with courtyards).FindingsThe results of this study show that energy-efficient bioclimatic design strategies of traditional buildings can be analyzed with the help of climatic data and analysis tools such as Mahoney tables and Olgyay's bioclimatic chart. The study shows that vernacular design techniques and principles conserve more energy than modern buildings. The findings suggest that practical solutions for improving contemporary residential developments can be found in traditional architectural approaches and that these approaches should be incorporated in new developments to achieve energy efficiency and a sustainable future.Research limitations/implicationsA detailed survey and the user preferences are plotted in detail in this paper; similarly, Mahoney table and its requirements are analyzed with respect to context; and the results are elaborated and justified.Originality/valueThis study analyzes an entire settlement of Konearirajapuram with 300 units of vernacular residences high in comfort even at extreme climates. Assessment is carried in both qualitative case and quantitative case. Even though there are no previous studies analyzed to identify the effectiveness of the artisanal builders of bioclimatic architecture. Hence, this study brings out the solution for current energy problems from the traditional settings, because the traditional buildings requires no active systems for indoor comfort except a fan, which is negligible in terms of energy use.
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Chandel, S. S., Aniket Sharma, and Bhanu M. Marwaha. "Review of energy efficiency initiatives and regulations for residential buildings in India." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (February 2016): 1443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.060.
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Garg, Neeti, Ashwani Kumar, Satish Pipralia, and Praveen Garg. "Initiatives to achieve energy efficiency for residential buildings in India: A review." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 6 (September 13, 2018): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18797381.
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Song, Lih Yau, Meng Ting Tsai, and Rina Yadav. "Effect of Construction Material on Greenhouse Gases Emission and Energy Use for Residential Buildings." Key Engineering Materials 765 (March 2018): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.765.290.
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This research work shows how building construction material effects environment, it is based on the performance of ecofriendly (mud) and non-ecofriendly (concrete) materials on the similar residential buildings, located in the climate of Delhi, India. Comparative study of Mud and concrete has been performed. The analysis of each case study includes the calculation of annual carbon emission and energy use, was simulated by using Autodesk Revit software (version2015). As per result, it is clearly visible that by using ecofriendly material we are able to save 93% annual energy cost.
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Rawat, Sapana. "Examining Out-of-Plane Offset in Multistory Buildings: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53468.
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Abstract: India has a high population density, leading to a shortage of land for residential and commercial use. To address this issue, engineers are building taller structures with more land coverage and aesthetically pleasing designs. However, these architectural buildings can become unstable due to their unique designs. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of various research papers associated with the topic of increasing stability in architectural buildings. Through a thorough literature review and analysis of previous works in this field, our study has identified conclusive outcomes that form the basis of our research objectives for improving the stability of these structures. We aim to provide technical insights and recommendations for future research in this area.
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Trivedi, Mansi, Aayushi Doshi, KshemaSara Koshy, and S. C. Mohan. "Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Existing Building with and without Retrofitting Using Lateral Load Resisting Systems." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.587.
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Due to the lack of awareness and practice of implementing earthquake resistant structures in the past, a huge number of buildings today do not comply with the existing/updated seismic codes in India. This issue is predominant in existing residential buildings which involves a high probability of loss of lives. The increase in population and clustered city areas make code non-compliance dangerous and risky especially in the Northern and North Eastern regions which come under seismic zones IV and V. Retrofitting strategies are thus an important aspect of building and life safety. This study involved the seismic performance of an adapted existing residential building taken in the North-East region. The seismic response analysis of the RC building was studied in terms of peak responses (deflection). The performance of the building was based on response spectrum and time history analysis. The main objective of this study is to provide a comparison between the most commonly used retrofit strategies – shear wall, bracings and viscous dampers. The responses of the building with the mentioned strategies and their varied configurations were modelled and analysed through ETABS software. This study outlined the feasibility of each retrofit strategy based on the optimum configuration for deflection control and basic cost estimate.
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Ghosh, Satyajit, Karan Kochhar, Akash Sharma, Shreyaan Kaushal, Jatin Agrawal, Anshul Garg, Arnav Kumar, and Yash Dugar. "Investigating structure generated turbulence using an unmanned aerial vehicle." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-08-2016-0020.
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Purpose The Government of India is proposing the setting up of several new smart cities in the sub-continent. Being an over-populated country, space is at a premium. In congested areas high-rise buildings afford a solution. The purpose of this paper is to present new research involving architecture and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) must be done at the screening stage of design plans before new cities are laid out. This is achieved in the present study involving a university residential campus with a population of 29,000 comprising of an assortment of high-rise buildings in complex terrain. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a combination of instrument-fitted drone measurements – (equipped with a barometer, and sensors for obtaining temperature, relative humidity and altitude) along with a computational fluid dynamical analysis to yield deep insights into the ventilation patterns around an assortment of building forms. Findings This study was conducted in a residential complex in the campus of the Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) India. Based on the deciphered wind velocity pattern, a human thermal comfort study was also conducted. It was concluded that the orientation of the buildings play a pivotal role in enhancing the ventilation rates inside a building. It was observed that a dominant eddy spanning a radius of approximate 34 meters was responsible for much of the air changes within the rooms – the smaller eddies had an insignificant role. This method of ascertaining eddy structures within a study area comprising of an assortment of buildings is essential for accurate prescriptions of glazing ratios on building facades. Research limitations/implications The main research implications pertain to the use of smart ventilation methods in built up environments. The study shows how large eddies drive the momentum transfer and the air changes per hour with rooms in high-rise buildings in complex terrain. In monsoon-driven flows, there are well set preferred directions of wind flow and this enables the characterization of the fully eddy structure in the vicinity of tall buildings. Another research implication would be the development of new turbulence closure models for eddy structure resolution for flow around complex building forms. Practical implications This study introduces a novel protocol at the planning stage of the upcoming residential complexes in proposed smart cities in the sub-continent. The results may well inform architects and structural engineers and help position and orient buildings in confined spaces and also ascertain the optimal glazing ratio, which affects the ventilation pattern. Social implications The results from this study can be used by town planners and architects in urban conurbations in the developing world. The results may well help lower heating ventilation and airconditioning loads. Energy-efficient buildings in developing countries are necessary because most of these have rapidly growing GDPs with a concomitant increase in energy consumption. Originality/value This novel study combining instrument mounted drone and CFDs shows for the first time how architects and town planners with a limited budget position and orient a group of buildings in a complex terrain.
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Sendrayaperumal, Angalaeswari, Somyak Mahapatra, Sabuja Sanket Parida, Komal Surana, Parandhaman Balamurugan, L. Natrayan, and Prabhu Paramasivam. "Energy Auditing for Efficient Planning and Implementation in Commercial and Residential Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1908568.
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The ideology of ensuring energy-efficient design and construction of buildings by providing minimum requirements is the core objective of this work. Energy audit was conducted to improve the design of the building with incremental requirements to further enhance the energy efficiency. The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been modified extensively over the years, starting from its initial deployment in the year 2011 to its latest modifications in the year 2019. The energy conservation standards in ECBC apply to building envelope, heating ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, service water heating, and electric power distribution. It should also be ensured that all-electric systems, transformers, energy-efficient motors, and diesel generators must meet the regulated set of mandatory requirements. From among the various software types that have been approved for ECBC design and application, this study has employed Energy Plus software to simulate the design based on the given input and the selected location. The location that has been chosen for this study was Bhubaneshwar, India. All necessary details ranging from latitude, longitude, weather, time zone, elevation, building area, lighting, heating, cooling, and much more have been covered in the simulation. Utilizing ECBC regulated standards for an energy-efficient building design has resulted in an increase in the energy savings by 27.4%, and thus, the building qualifies to be regarded as an ECBC compliant building.
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SABU, THOMAS K., OTTÓ MERKL, and PRABHAKAR ABHITHA. "A new Luprops species from Western Ghats with redescriptions and identification key to the species of Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka (Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae: Lupropini)." Zootaxa 1636, no. 1 (November 12, 2007): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1636.1.3.
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Description of Luprops devagiriensis, sp. n. from montane evergreen forest (shola) in the southern region of Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hot spot in southwest India is given along with first report of L. rugosissimus Kaszab, 1980 outside Sri Lanka and redescriptions of L. tristis (Fabricius, 1801), L. curticollis Fairmaire, 1896 and L. gracilior Fairmaire, 1896. Notes on the habits of L. tristis Fabricius, a nuisance pest in residential buildings in the rubber belts of the south Indian state of Kerala and an identification key to the species from Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka are provided.
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Sakhlecha, Manish, Samir Bajpai, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019100101.
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Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.
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Debnath, Arabinda, S. V. Singh, and Y. P. Singh. "Comparative assessment of energy requirements for different types of residential buildings in India." Energy and Buildings 23, no. 2 (December 1995): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(95)00939-6.
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Bakos, Noemi, and Rosa Schiano-Phan. "Bioclimatic and Regenerative Design Guidelines for a Circular University Campus in India." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158238.
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To transform the negative impacts of buildings on the environment into a positive footprint, a radical shift from the current, linear ‘make-use-dispose’ practice to a closed-loop ‘make-use-return’ system, associated with a circular economy, is necessary. This research aims to demonstrate the possible shift to a circular construction industry by developing the first practical framework with tangible benchmarks for a ‘Circular University Campus’ based on an exemplary case study project, which is a real project development in India. As a first step, a thorough literature review was undertaken to demonstrate the social, environmental and economic benefits of a circular construction industry. As next step, the guideline for a ‘Circular University Campus’ was developed, and its applicability tested on the case study. As final step, the evolved principles were used to establish ‘Project Specific Circular Building Indicators’ for a student residential block and enhance the proposed design through bioclimatic and regenerative design strategies. The building’s performance was evaluated through computational simulations, whole-life carbon analysis and a circular building assessment tool. The results demonstrated the benefits and feasibility of bioclimatic, regenerative building and neighbourhood design and provided practical prototypical case study and guidelines which can be adapted by architects, planners and governmental institutions to other projects, thereby enabling the shift to a restorative, circular construction industry.
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Kumar, S., R. Sheeja, M. Ajin, P. Chandrasekar, S. Sekar, and G. S. Sai Krishnan. "Thermal performance analysis of PCM building for Moderate climatic region in Bangalore City, India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012003.
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Abstract A major percentage of the energy is utilised for the building sectors for cooling the building which is used for Airconditioning systems. One of the techniques for decreasing energy consumption in building systems is passive cooling. The PCM materials was integrated in the building which is isothermal temperature for storing and retrieving the energy during a phase change. The stored PCM is a constant temperature for phase change and also gives the large potential of energy during the storing and releasing energy. The integrated building wall to prevent the solar heat infiltration into buildings and controlling the indoor temperature swing. The selection and efficiency of PCMs are highly subjective to climatic conditions where they applied. In the present study, a real time PCM integrated residential building is studied through numerical simulation using Design Builder software in moderate climatic condition in Bangalore city, India. The result shows that throughout the year, the PCM room does not required any air-conditioning device for cooling application.
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Chukka, Naga Dheeraj Kumar Reddy, A. Arivumangai, Sanjeev Kumar, R. Subashchandrabose, Yeddula Bharath Simha Reddy, L. Natrayan, and Geleta Chala Debela. "Environmental Impact and Carbon Footprint Assessment of Sustainable Buildings: An Experimental Investigation." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8130180.
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Carbon emission has been considerably higher in India in the last few decades. The greenhouse gases increased to an imaginary volume, a major contributor to global warming. Chennai is one of India’s large cosmopolitan cities, contributing more Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and carbon to the atmosphere. The infrastructure sector is always a booming sector in and around Chennai, which requires more construction materials. In turn, the construction of new buildings expands the city with a large area of urban and suburban Chennai, where I.T. division, automobile division, and industrial estates are available. Hence, this study deals with the carbon emission of a residential building constructed with conventional materials in and around Chennai. So, one can estimate the emission of carbon by the conventional building, which leads to global warming and climate change.
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Shaker, Muhammad Rauf, Betret S. Eustace, Harish Kumar G. Erukala, Raj G. Patel, Mujtaba B. Mohammed, Mohammed A. Jabri, Kush Desai, Rajesh Goyal, and Byungik Chang. "Analysis of Survey on Barriers to the Implementation of Sustainable Projects." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416830.
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The present impediments to the implementation of sustainable practices in residential and commercial structures in the United States, India and Afghanistan will be evaluated and compared in this study. This study intends to identify the barriers to sustainable development within the residential and commercial buildings creating a basis for the methods to address these issues. The selection of these three countries was based on taking the United States as a developed country, India as developing country and Afghanistan as an undeveloped country. Understanding the barriers studied will establish a path to overcoming them and allow the market to open up to the widespread implementation of sustainable practices. According to the survey conducted, about 91% of respondents in Afghanistan, about 71% in India and 32% of respondents in the USA have moderate to low knowledge on sustainable construction. Other barriers mentioned in the study include the high cost of materials, insufficient training, government policy, and so on.
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Hazarika, Arshia Khajooria, and Virendra Kumar Paul. "Energy Performance Evaluation of Detached Residential buildings in a Tier II city in India." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 70, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v70i2p233.
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Sinha, Rajan Chandra, Satyaki Sarkar, and Nikhil Ranjan Mandal. "Development of quality indicators for multi-family residential buildings in India - a Delphi analysis." International Journal of Sustainable Society 10, no. 2 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2018.094500.
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Mandal, Nikhil Ranjan, Rajan Chandra Sinha, and Satyaki Sarkar. "Development of quality indicators for multi-family residential buildings in India - a Delphi analysis." International Journal of Sustainable Society 10, no. 2 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2018.10015691.
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Fatima, Samreen, Sayed Saad Ali, Syeda Sadia Zia, Ehtesham Hussain, Tayyab Raza Fraz, and Mehwish Shafi Khan. "Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss1.2019.219.
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Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.
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Fatima, Samreen, Sayed Saad Ali, Syeda Sadia Zia, Ehtesham Hussain, Tayyab Raza Fraz, and Mehwish Shafi Khan. "Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i1.219.
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Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.
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Chu, Yiyi, Peng Xu, Zhiwei Yang, and Weilin Li. "Retrofitting existing buildings to control indoor PM2.5 concentration on smog days: Initial experience of residential buildings in China." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 3 (September 12, 2017): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417728187.
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Severe smog days in many parts of developing countries, such as China and India, have drawn worldwide attention. This study aims at integrating various building retrofitting methods of existing buildings to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. Methods are such as airtightness improvement, room pressure control, recycling air filtration and combinations of the above. The study verifies the effectiveness of each control method to reduce the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration below 25 µg/m3 under certain outdoor conditions in building. Measurements and modelling are conducted for different outdoor particle concentration scenarios under different control strategies at an apartment in Shanghai, China. Overall, the retrofitting methods depend on outdoor smog circumstances and building structures. Therefore, it would be wise to choose appropriate control method depending on outdoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. This is the first time that various existing residential building retrofitting strategies are integrated jointly and the combination of different control methods are tested to ensure indoor air quality under different outdoor conditions. To validate the generality of these control strategies, a simulation model is developed and calibrated against experimental data under different scenarios. The variation of the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration in an extremely bad day is simulated and the influencing factors including infiltration air change rate, air volume and filter efficiency are all analyzed according to the model. The results and conclusions of this study can be used in many parts of the worlds, when building occupants have to choose proper equipment or retrofitting methods to control their indoor air quality. Practical application: The building retrofitting methods introduced in this article could be used in any residential building to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations continuously below 25 µg/m3 under different outdoor conditions.
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Shrestha, Jagan Nath, and Debendra Bahadur Raut. "Assessment of Urban Rooftop Grid Connected Solar Potential in Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32199.
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The power shortage problem faced by Nepal since last two decades is one of the major hurdles for its socio-economic development. At present load shedding is being managed by significant import of electricity from India thus increasing trade deficit of Nepal. The accelerated alternative methods of generation of electricity in Nepal need to be explored. This paper assesses the potential of rooftop solar Photovoltaic (PV) system in residential buildings in their major cities namely Kathmandu valley, Pokhara and Biratnagar of Nepal. The data indicated in this paper are collected from the predefined set of questionnaire and field survey in the randomly sampled households in 2016. Form the quantitative analysis of the data, it is found that the average roof top area available for PV installation in residential buildings are 14.5 sq.m, 12.45 sq.m and 19 sq.m for Kathmandu, Pokhara and Biratnagar cities respectively. Considering 557,027 residential buildings in Kathmandu; 77,523 in Pokhara and 33,075 in Biratnagar, total PV power potential is estimated to be 810 MWp, 96.5 MWp and 63.5 MWp in respective cities. To estimate the energy potential the annual average peaksun hours considered are 5.54, 5.58 and 5.13 for Kathmandu, Pokhara and Biratnagar city respectively, data taken from Solar and Wind Resource Assessment (SWERA) report. The total power potential in all three cities is found to be 970 MWp which could generate 1,310 GWh that comes out to be 24% of the electricity sold by Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) in fiscal year 2017/18. If shade free roof top space available of the 50% residential buildings are utilized for PV installation (333,762 numbers), about 12% of the Nepal’s utility electricity sold in the fiscal year 2017/18 could be saved annually. The technical barriers for the grid connection of roof top solar is not a major issue now as NEA has set the guidelines for it.
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Kumar, M. Kranti, and Natraj Kranthi. "Impact of Setbacks on Interior Daylighting in Residential Buildings: A Case Study of Vijayawada, India." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 42 (November 1, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i42/111587.
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Kumar, Anu, Sindhu M R, Vivek Mohan, Rekha Viswanathan, and Akhil V S. "An Adaptive Staggered Investment Strategy for promotion of residential rooftop solar PV installations in India." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 37 (April 1, 2023): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7477.
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Rooftop solar PV in India has seen good progress in the Commercial and industrial sectors, but the progress in the domestic sector is relatively slow due to the high initial installation cost. Thus, there arises the need for good market models for Rooftop Solar (RTS) implementation. This paper conducts a comparative study of workable RTS market models by employing the discounted cash flow method, as per the recent regulatory guidelines. Market models are formulated and tested for a typical residential high-rise apartment complex in India comprising 15 storied buildings with a combined maximum demand of 180kVA. The results suggest that the centralized community RTS model of 80kWp capacity with upfront financing is suitable when compared to the decentralized individual model, as it has the lowest levelized cost of 3.39 ₹/kWh and a payback period of 5.5 years. With the federal subsidy, the prosumer levelized cost reduces to 2.06 ₹/kWh with a payback period of 3.3 years. Thus grid parity is achieved for all tariff tier rates. With adaptive staggering strategy, this scheme is validated to be more attractive for the urban residential microgrids, as the solar installation of 80kWp and its cost can be staggered and even reduced over the planning period. Hence capital installation and operation costs can be distributed over the stipulated time interval. The study result gives RTS stakeholders insight into selecting the most cost-effective market model to suit their requirements. Financial analysis of the proposed models provides input to the customers, developers, and policymakers to assess the financial merit of adopting the suitable business model for RTS development. The proposed analysis can be replicated for high-rise residential buildings, especially in cities with high electricity tariffs. With time, a decrease in solar PV installation price and an increase in grid price are expected; hence, the overall investment cost gets reduced and staggered.
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Печенкина, Юлия Владимировна. "DR. STHAPATI V. GANAPATI - THEORIST OF ANCIENT INDIAN ARCHITECTURE." Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН, no. 1(48) (March 30, 2021): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25628/uniip.2021.48.1.016.
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Статья посвящена исследованию биографии известного во всем мире архитектора, скульптора и автора множества книг и научной литературы, подробно описывающих принципы древней индийской архитектуры, В. Ганапати Стхапати. Он сделал множество открытий в традиционном искусстве и архитектуре Индии, ставил цель распространить по всему миру древнее индийское знание о проектировании и строительстве различных гражданских и жилых зданий, приносящих человечеству счастье и благополучие на всех уровнях. The article is devoted to the research of the biography of the world-famous architect, sculptor and author of many books and scientific literature describing in detail the principles of ancient Indian architecture Dr. V. Ganapati Sthapati. He was making many discoveries in the traditional art and architecture of India. His goal was to spread the ancient Indian knowledge about the design and construction of various civil and residential buildings that bring happiness and well-being to humanity at all levels.
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Visakha, Ar Vishnubhotla Lakshmi, and Dr Tadepalli Srinivas. "EVALUATING THE CLIMATIC POTENTIAL OF PASSIVE STRATEGIES FOR RESIDENCES IN FOUR CITIES UNDER THE WARM-HUMID CLIMATE OF SOUTH INDIA." Journal of Green Building 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.1.147.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Design guidelines prescribed by climate analysis tools are broad and similar for various cities under the same climate zone overlooking the impact of altitude, latitude, and surrounding geographical features. Boundary conditions determined by International Standards underestimate the cooling potential of passive strategies in the free-running mode in warm-humid climates. Thus, a climate file-based study is conducted to determine city-specific requirements for the residential building program. Indices like Climatic Potential for Natural Ventilation and Climatic Cooling Potential are used in conjunction with the Indian Model for Adaptive Comfort to define boundary conditions for Natural Ventilation, Nocturnal Ventilation Potential, and Thermal Mass Potential in four inland and coastal cities in the warm-humid climate of South India. With the least Natural Ventilation Potential, mixed-mode operation of buildings is feasible in Nagercoil. Elevated airspeeds benefit Tiruchirappalli and Chennai during the day. With a Nocturnal Ventilation Potential of 10–20%, passive dehumidification is favorable in all cities. Results show that the climatic potential for each strategy varies with location and plays an important role in developing city specific design inputs for residences.
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Thapa, Samar. "Thermal comfort in high altitude Himalayan residential houses in Darjeeling, India – An adaptive approach." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19853877.
Full textAbstract:
The study of thermal comfort in buildings is required to maintain a stable and comfortable condition of the indoor environment. The climate chamber study used to determine thermal comfort is mathematically reproducible and robust, but exaggerative and hence is energy inefficient, whereas the adaptive model-based field survey method is exhaustive and bioclimatic specific. Although, several field survey-based thermal comfort studies have been reported from India, these studies were conducted mostly either in hot and humid or composite climatic condition, and very few research has been reported from cold climatic region, which lies mostly along the high altitudinal Himalayan region. In this paper, the results of field survey-based thermal comfort studies in residential houses of highly altitudinal Darjeeling Himalayan region in eastern India are presented. The study found that female subjects showed a lesser clothing cover but portrayed a higher discomfort with lower thermal sensation and higher comfort temperature. The comfort temperature as determined in this study did not comply with the ASHRAE standard 55 graphical method, and hence new comfort zone for regions with similar cold climate is proposed.