Academic literature on the topic 'Residential building costs'

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Journal articles on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Sun, Chen-Yi, Yin-Guang Chen, Rong-Jing Wang, Shih-Chi Lo, Jyh-Tyng Yau, and Ya-Wen Wu. "Construction Cost of Green Building Certified Residence: A Case Study in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082195.

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The green building certification system of Taiwan, EEWH (Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction and Health), has been in operation for more than 20 years (since 1999). In order to understand the relationship between green building certification and the construction costs of residential buildings, this study obtained 37 green building-certified residential cases and 36 general residential cases available from public information and conducted a comparative analysis. The results of this study showed that the average construction cost of a green building certification residential building was only 1.58% higher than a general residential building, indicating that green building certification does not require a large increase in costs. However, for residential buildings, achieving a high-grade (gold-grade or diamond-grade) green building certification means an increase of 6.7% to 9.3% in construction costs. This shows that the pursuit of higher levels of green building certification does require higher construction costs. In addition, the results of this study can not only provide important references for the government in making green building policies, but also offer a practical strategy for developers for decision-making.
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Zhao, Linlin, Zhansheng Liu, and Jasper Mbachu. "Energy Management through Cost Forecasting for Residential Buildings in New Zealand." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152888.

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Over the last two decades, the residential building sector has been one of the largest energy consumption sectors in New Zealand. The relationship between that sector and household energy consumption should be carefully studied in order to optimize the energy consumption structure and satisfy energy demands. Researchers have made efforts in this field; however, few have concentrated on the association between household energy use and the cost of residential buildings. This study examined the correlation between household energy use and residential building cost. Analysis of the data indicates that they are significantly correlated. Hence, this study proposes time series methods, including the exponential smoothing method and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for forecasting residential building costs of five categories of residential buildings (one-storey house, two-storey house, townhouse, residential apartment and retirement village building) in New Zealand. Moreover, the artificial neutral networks (ANNs) model was used to forecast the future usage of three types of household energy (electricity, gas and petrol) using the residential building costs. The t-test was used to validate the effectiveness of the obtained ANN models. The results indicate that the ANN models can generate acceptable forecasts. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold: (1) Identify the close correlation between household energy use and residential building costs; (2) provide a new clue for optimizing energy management.
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Bucoń, Robert, and Michał Tomczak. "SUPPORTING BUILDING ADMINISTRATOR’S DECISIONS IN DETERMINING MAINTENANCE COSTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 8, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2016.1170641.

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Maintenance of multi-family buildings is a difficult and complex task, which requires a proper (multi-criteria) assessment of a building’s condition as well as determining and planning maintenance costs. It requires from a building administrator to be well experienced and have skills in making decisions, which include a proper investment of limited funds allocated for maintenance. This task is usually preceded by the analysis of cost-effectiveness and validity to perform certain repairs. Taking into account the above the authors proposed a model supporting an administrator in making decisions while determining a scope of building renovation. The system algorithm proposed comprises a few stages including: building condition and its proposed repair evaluation and the choice of renovation variant. It is based on tools such as multicriteria methods to support decisions and linear programming. Calculations conducted using the suggested model allow an administrator to obtain key information for appropriate maintenance of a building, i.e. to determine a renovation variant and its cost as well as a monthly renovation contribution (at assumed number of years) to achieve assumed condition of a building.
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Doseva, Nadezhda Ognjanova, and Daniela Chakyrova. "Life cycle costs optimization of residential buildings." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol2.iss2.94.

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This paper considers the questions of techno-economic optimization in order to determine the thermal transmittance coefficient of the external walls of an existing residential building.The optimization procedure is conducted for the climatic and economic conditions in Bulgaria and taking into account the existing legal framework. The minimum of the building life cycle costs is determined by using genetic algorithm
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Franzitta, V., Alessia Viola, and Marco Trapanese. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Different Buildings Constructed with Environmentally Sustainable and Traditional Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.109.

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The use of bioclimatic principles can reduce energy demands and CO2emissions in the building sector. Costs are one of the most important barriers to a widespread adoption of the green architecture e.[ The aim of this study is to compare the energy and economic performances of two buildings: a real residential bioclimatic building located in Cinisi (a small town near Palermo, Sicily) and an imaginary residential building supposed having the same geographical location, cubature, shape and orientation as the bioclimatic building but built by conventional building materials. The tools used for this study were TRNSYS and HOMER[
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Franzitta, V., D. Milone, M. Trapanese, A. Viola, V. Di Dio, and S. Pitruzzella. "Energy and Economic Comparison of Different Conditioning System among Traditional and Eco-Sustainable Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.289.

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The use of bioclimatic principles can reduce energy demands and CO2 emissions in the building sector [1-. Costs are one of the most important barriers to a widespread adoption of the green architecture technologies [4-. The aim of this study is to compare the energy and economic performances of two buildings: a real residential bioclimatic building located in Cinisi (a small town near Palermo, Sicily) and an imaginary residential building supposed having the same geographical location, cubature, shape and orientation as the bioclimatic building but built by conventional building materials. The tools used for this study were TRNSYS and HOMER
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Sojkova, Katerina, Martin Volf, Antonin Lupisek, Roman Bolliger, and Tomas Vachal. "Selection of Favourable Concept of Energy Retrofitting Solution for Social Housing in the Czech Republic Based on Economic Parameters, Greenhouse Gases, and Primary Energy Consumption." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 6482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226482.

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Energy retrofitting of existing building stock has significant potential for the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Roughly half of the CO2 emissions from Czech building stock are estimated to be allocated to residential buildings. Approximately one-third of the Czech residential building stock have already been retrofitted, but retrofitting mostly takes place in large cities due to greater income. A favourable concept for the mass retrofitting of residential building stock, affordable even in low-income regions, was of interest. For a reference building, multi-criteria assessment of numerous retrofitting measures was performed. The calculation involved different building elements, materials, solutions, and energy-efficiency levels in combination with various heating systems. The assessment comprised environmental impact, represented by operational and embodied primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and investment and operational costs using the annuity method. Analysis resulted in the identification of favourable retrofitting measures and showed that complex building retrofitting is advantageous from both a cost and an environmental point of view. The environmental burden could be decreased by approximately 10–30% even without photovoltaic installation, and costs per year could be decreased by around 40%.
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Bartošová Kmeťková, Jana, and Dušan Petráš. "Energy and economical evaluation of residential buildings in Slovakia." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103011.

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The main objective of the research is to make evaluation of energy and economic by the retrofitting of the residential buildings. If this methodology can be an appropriate tool to guide decisions related with the building energy performances and to identify the most cost-effective variants of the renovation, that could be applied to the building stock in Slovakia by the analysis of the life-cycle costs of the representative apartment buildings. The specific objectives of this study were the following: • Theoretical analysis of the residential buildings stock in Slovakia • Analysis of the studied residential buildings and their energy parameters before and after renovation • Simulation of the energy performance of the apartment buildings • Mathematical modeling of the technical and economic parameters
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İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim, and Mehmet Emin Tuna. "Effects of Height and Plan Geometry on the Costs of Tunnel Form Residential Buildings." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.12384.

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Tunnel form systems, which are industrialised construction systems developed in the last century, are widely used in reinforced concrete projects. Accurate determination of the costs of the building properties in the design phases of construction with the tunnel form system can lead to lower construction costs. The purpose of this study is to examine the cost variations resulting from changes in geometrical characteristics of buildings in the architectural design phase. The research was carried out on residential projects, which have the biggest share in the construction sector. Six housing projects with different plan geometries were designed, and these projects were examined for nine different numbers of floors. The study aims to reveal the extent to which both the plan shape and the number of floors influence the building costs. During the design phase, recommendations are given for reducing the building costs and finding the optimal form. It has been shown that tunnel form projects are not cost-effective in low-rise buildings and after a certain height. Furthermore, when different geometries are examined, the most economical cost is obtained in square form, and the cost increases as the two dimensions in plan plane move away from each other. As a result, the data obtained from this study will provide a better assessment of the relationship between building properties and unit cost in buildings constructed with tunnel form systems.
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Nowogońska, Beata, and Jacek Korentz. "Value of Technical Wear and Costs of Restoring Performance Characteristics to Residential Buildings." Buildings 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10010009.

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Each building, over the course of subsequent years of use, undergoes wear, with a deterioration of its technical condition. As a result of this, the performance characteristics of a building decrease with the passing of time, with their complete or partial restoration requiring repair and renovation works to be carried out. It is the task of real estate managers or owners to maintain the building in a non-deteriorating technical and functional condition. In order to preserve the technical and functional condition of a building at an adequate level, methodological support of decision-making processes pertaining to the conducting of rational maintenance management is necessary. The present article presents a proposal of a model allowing for the accurate assessment of the costs of renovation and repair works on a building at a given stage of its use, and their relationship with the value of the technical wear of the building in the same time period. Residential buildings constructed using traditional technology were subjected to analysis. In the carried out analysis, temporal methods applied for calculating the level of technical wear were applied, with the PRRD (prediction of reliability according to Rayleigh distribution) model of changes in the performance characteristics applied to determine the costs of renovation works necessary for restoring performance characteristics to the building.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Laestander, Malin. "An economic sustainability comparison between the natural building technique; cob and the conventional technique; concrete for residential buildings in Matagalpa, Nicaragua." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22507.

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Cob can serve as an alternative building material to concrete in Nicaragua. Cob is an unbaked earth-based building technique with low global warming potential that suits the humid climate in Nicaragua. It can be constructed by hand by inexperienced people using materials such as; clay, straw, sand and water. The cob technique is relatively little studied and the exact cost of cob is unclear. The purpose of this thesis was thus to provide new information that will help assessing the economic sustainability and the environmental impact of the natural building technique cob in comparison to the conventional technique concrete. The thesis was carried out by a case study of two houses in Matagalpa, Nicaragua. The results are showing that the cob technique has cheap materials that support the Nicaraguan economy of Nicaragua but takes a lot of labour force and time in comparison to concrete. The cob technique also allows the builder to make the house personal adapted, with furniture and details, fitted to the owners need. The cob has also a great potential of a long lifespan with low needs of maintenance in comparison with concrete. Concrete also has a higher local environmental impact, more CO2-emissions and higher external costs. The conclusion is thus that cob is a more sustainable technique for building residential houses in Matagalpa.
Den naturliga byggtekniken cob kan vara ett alternativ till den mer konventionella tekniken betong i Nicaragua. Cob är en jordbaserad byggnadsteknik med låg globaluppvärmningspotential som lämpar sig i det fuktiga klimatet i Nicaragua. Cob består mestadels av; lera, halm, sand och vatten, och kan byggas för hand av oerfaren arbetskraft. Cob-tekniken är relativt lite studerad och den exakta kostnaden är osäker. Syftet med denna studie var därför att tillhandahålla ny information som ska underlätta bedömningen av den ekonomiska hållbarheten och miljöpåverkan hos den naturliga byggtekniken cob i jämförelse med den konventionella tekniken betong. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en fallstudie av två hus i Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Resultatet visar att cob-tekniken har billiga material som stöder den lokala ekonomin, men kräver mycket arbetskraft och tid jämfört med betongtekniken. Cob-tekniken låter även byggaren att göra huset personligt anpassat, med möbler och finesser efter ägarnas behov. Den potentiella livstiden hos cob är lång, med ett lågt underhållsbehov i jämförelse med betong. Betong har också en större lokal miljöpåverkan, mer CO2-utsläpp och högre externa kostnader. Slutsatsen är således att cob är en mer hållbar teknik att använda för att bygga bostadshus i Matagalpa.
Cob puede servir como un material de construcción alternativo al concreto en Nicaragua. Cob es una técnica de construcción a base de tierra sin quemar con bajo potencial de calentamiento global que se adapta al clima húmedo en Nicaragua. Puede ser construido a mano por personas sin experiencia utilizando materiales tales como; arcilla, paja, arena y agua. La técnica de cob es relativamente poco estudiada y el coste exacto no está claro. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido por lo tanto proporcionar nueva información que ayudará a evaluar la sostenibilidad económica y el impacto ambiental de los recursos naturales de la técnica de construcción cob en comparación con la técnica convencional de concreto. La tesis fue realizada por un estudio de caso de dos casas en Matagalpa, Nicaragua.  Los resultados muestran que la técnica de cob tiene materiales baratos que apoyan la economía local de Nicaragua, pero requiere de mucha fuerza y ​​tiempo de trabajo en comparación con el concreto. La técnica de cob también permite al constructor hacer la casa de manera más personal adaptándola con muebles y detalles, ajustada a las necesidades de los propietarios. El cob tiene también un gran potencial de larga vida con pocas necesidades de mantenimiento en comparación con el concreto. Concreto también tiene un mayor impacto ambiental local, más emisiones de CO2 y el aumento de los costos externos. La conclusión es de este estudio es que la técnica de cob es más sostenible para la construcción de viviendas residenciales en Matagalpa.
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Hoxha, Elda. "Sustainability of Building Structures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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The aim of this research is to explore the sustainability of the existing residential buildings and to analyse how sustainability can be assessed if sustainable materials and technologies would be used. The main objectives are concentrated in providing a general knowledge of sustainability and to examine how much sustainable the residential buildings are. To analyze the various technologies and materials that can be used in order to reduce the climate-altering emissions, to improve energy efficiency, to reduce costs and to improve the living conditions. Providing knowledge and tools for the sustainable re-design of existing buildings, which will be addressed to environmental, technical, economic and social feasibility of proposed measures, and to energy control. For the analysis, different case studies in different countries will be studied and then a life-cycle approach will be applied to a theoretical residential building, and all the relevant impact categories for the selected type of buildings will be taken into account. In order to analyze the sustainability of the building, a qualitative research will be done using literature sources, international database, journal articles, technical and official reports from the government or group researchers patented and SimaPro software. Materials and dimensions will be defined and will be studied the integrated energy performance, CO2 emissions, global warming, acoustic comfort, thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality for existing residential building structures. All these steps will be taken in order to allow an LCA analysis of the materials of the residential buildings and to define when can be considered that the system has actually been sustained.
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Júnior, Hamilton de França Leite. "Sustentabilidade em empreendimentos imobiliários residenciais: avaliação dos custos adicionais para o atendimento dos requisitos de certificação ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-22092014-113531/.

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Dentre diversas razões para que apenas um empreendimento imobiliário residencial concluído até maio de 2013, tenha conquistado uma certificação ambiental no Brasil, o fato de que empreendimentos sustentáveis contabilizam aumento de custos com a obra, com o processo de certificação e com consultores, em relação a empreendimentos convencionais é a dificuldade mais relevante na opinião dos empreendedores. O custo adicional da obra sustentável é uma dificuldade para construir de forma sustentável citada por 82% dos incorporadores imobiliários que responderam a enquete apresentada neste trabalho. Esse fato pode estar inibindo o desenvolvimento de empreendimentos sustentáveis por parte das empresas incorporadoras do país. Uma possível solução para reduzir esta barreira econômica é a identificação de aspectos que agreguem sustentabilidade a empreendimentos residenciais e apresentem custos de implantação menores ou iguais à seus equivalentes convencionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação dos requisitos do Processo Aqua para Edifícios Habitacionais (2013, versão 2), que não agregaram custos adicionais ao empreendimento residencial referencial Reserva Anauá, destinado às famílias com renda entre 6 e 10 salários mínimos e podem ser replicados em outros empreendimentos com tipologia similar. Assim, os empreendedores podem incorporar até 193 exigências dessa certificação a seus projetos residenciais, para torná-los mais sustentáveis, sem agregar custos adicionais em relação empreendimentos convencionais.
Among several reasons why only one residential real estate development completed by May 2013, has achieved an environmental certification in Brazil, the fact that there are additional costs with the green construction, the certification process and the consultants are the most relevant difficulties for the entrepreneurs to develop sustainable projects. The green premium is a difficulty to build green cited by 82% of the developers who responded to the survey presented in this dissertation. This may be inhibiting the development of sustainable residential real estate projects by the developers of the country. One possible solution to reduce this economic barrier is the identification of aspects that add sustainability to the residential projects and cost the same or less than similar conventional real estate. The objective of this work is to identify the requirements of Aqua certification process (2013, version 2), which did not add additional costs to the referential residential development Reserva Anauá, being built for families with income between 6 and 10 minimum wages, and can be replicated in other projects with similar typology. Thus, entrepreneurs can incorporate up to 193 requirements of this certification to their residential projects, to make them more sustainable, without adding additional costs over conventional developments.
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Shi, Xin, and 施歆. "A fuzzy reasoning cost estimation model of sustainable building refurbishment solutions for residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208599.

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The global climate has been affected adversely due to the emissions of large amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and there is an urgent need for emissions reduction. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas and the reduction of its emissions is indispensable to the achievement of sustainable development. The building sector is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions and one way to reduce the emissions is uplifting the energy efficiency of existing buildings by conducting sustainable building refurbishment. As cost would affect the decisions on sustainable building refurbishment strategies, it is necessary to examine the cost of various sustainable refurbishment solutions for existing buildings. Unfortunately, most of the previous studies focused on the technical side with little effort being directed to cost side. Therefore, cost analysis of sustainable building refurbishment solutions should be conducted to fill the research gap. The aim of the research is to develop a cost estimation model to facilitate decision makers to evaluate the cost of sustainable building refurbishment solutions for residential buildings in Hong Kong by considering various factors affecting the cost. The major research methods include literature review, interview and questionnaire survey. Through literature review, the current practice of sustainable building refurbishment is investigated. A variety of refurbishment solutions including improvement on building envelope, renovation of building services system and the use of renewable energy are reviewed. Cost evaluation techniques commonly used in the construction industry including qualitative techniques, quantitative techniques and intelligent methods are also identified and discussed. Due to the limitations of cost data and previous experience, it is suggested that fuzzy logic theory be adopted to develop the cost estimation model. To facilitate the development of the model, the factors affecting the cost of sustainable building refurbishment solutions are examined through literature review and interview. It is found that market price, complexity, efficiency, economy of scale and disturbance are the dominant factors affecting the fluctuation of cost. Finally, a fuzzy reasoning cost estimation model of sustainable building refurbishment solutions is developed. The model is built based on fuzzy reasoning system. Users can input the information of the project and the model is able to evaluate the cost fluctuation based on the information provided by the users. The model is then validated. The cost estimation model developed in this research provides a new way for the construction industry practitioners to estimate the cost of sustainable building refurbishment projects effectively and efficiently.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Wang, Qian. "Toward Industrialized Retrofitting : Accelerating the Transformation of the Residential Building Stock in Sweden." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Installationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133994.

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Energy utilization issues are becoming increasingly important around the world. Existing residential and building service sectors represent a large part of total energy utilization, and the corresponding operational costs and environmental impacts are high. Retrofitting is considered an effective way to accelerate the sustainable transformation of the existing building stock. In Sweden, 1945–1975 was a boom period for the construction of residential buildings. After 40–70 years of use, large contingents of buildings need to be systematically retrofitted. In the past, most Swedish buildings were retrofitted individually, and occasionally in small clusters. Cost-effective retrofitting for large-scale implementation has not yet been substantially attained. Standardizing and industrializing the retrofitting process is expected to produce the following benefits: availability of standardized toolkits based on building typologies; simplified and more efficient decision-making process; lower retrofitting costs; shorter project durations; greater resource-efficiency; lower environmental impact; and higher profitability.The overall aim of the present study is to contribute to the knowledge regarding industrialized retrofitting toolkits in Swedish residential buildings and evaluate the various toolkits. More specifically, the study aims to analyze the energy demand saving potential of different retrofitting measures and long-term profits based on the typology of residential buildings. Based on a systematic set of building properties and classification of existing residential types in Sweden, four slab houses (lamellhus) were selected as the major sub-types of building stock for the demonstration cases. The case buildings were constructed between 1945 and 1975 and are currently used as single-family houses, multi-family houses, or apartment blocks. The main approaches applied to model the retrofitting profits were Consolis Energy +, parametric-based sensitivity analysis, and life-cycle-based economic assessment.Based on the theoretical modeling and analytical results from the case studies, it was found that the energy-saving potential is strongly dominated by the building type, which affects the design of retrofitting toolkits and defines life cycle costs. The results show that improving the efficiency of heat recovery in exhaust ventilation systems is an effective retrofitting measure for energy demand savings in the studied building types. However, the efficiency of other measures is highly dependent on the typology of the buildings. From an economic perspective, toolkits that include all of the possible retrofitting measures may not lead to larger expected reduction in LCC compared to standard retrofits that only include the most sensitive parameters. In addition, the impacts of energy price changes to the LCC in the future are highly diverse in different types of residential buildings. Developing systematic retrofitting guidelines for Swedish residential buildings requires both further research and a close collaboration between all stakeholders involved in the retrofitting process.

QC 20131118

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Determan, Kelley Victoria. "Sustainability and residential development : a guide to cost-efficient green building technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90013.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41).
Given the upward trend of global energy consumption in recent decades, it has become imperative that countries reduce the amount of energy used on an annual basis. In America, the residential sector is one of the primary energy consumers, but many homeowners lack reliable information about how to build sustainable homes. This lack comes from the difficulty found in trying to quantify energy savings and costs of different sustainable technologies. Focusing on the commonwealth of Massachusetts, this thesis has compiled costs and energy savings for four different sustainable technologies- geothermal heating, heat recovery ventilation, triple-pane windows and a range of insulation materials. Considering all of these options, an interactive computer code was designed to take in inputs from the user about their home, calculate the energy needs of the home, and optimize the technologies and materials chosen based on a budget given by the user. The final result is a list of insulation choices for the walls, roof and floor of a home, the heating and ventilation systems, and window types for the highest energy savings within the users budget.
by Kelley Victoria Determan.
M. Eng.
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Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka. "In the Business of Building Green : The value of low-energy residential buildings from customer and developer perspectives." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131375.

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An overarching aim of this research was to investigate the comprehensive value of green residential buildings as seen from two perspectives: that of the developer and that of the occupant (the customer). The dissertation consists of studies presented in seven papers.  The studies conducted to investigate the developer’s perspective focused on construction cost and potential profit (papers I and VII). The customer’s perspective was examined with three approaches: the impact that energy and environment have on the decision to purchase (or rent) an apartment (paper V), willingness to pay for a green apartment (paper VI) and finally, the occupants’ satisfaction with the dwelling and indoor environment (papers II, III and IV).  The first paper examines whether increased investment costs are profitable, taking into account the reduction in operating costs. The investment viability is approached by comparing investment in conventional and green residential building, particularly passive houses, using real construction and post-occupancy conditions. The increased investment costs in energy-efficient building were also the focus of paper VII. In this paper, the aim was to study how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts on the profitability of the investment. Potential losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings were assessed using a modelled building and analysed with the help of the average construction cost. Papers II and IV present results from a study of occupants’ satisfaction and indoor environmental qualities. Both papers aim at comparing and analysing responses from occupants living in green and conventional buildings. Paper III focuses on a similar subject, but investigates occupants’ satisfaction among all adults living in multi-family buildings in Sweden, providing a national context for the results presented in papers II and IV. The results indicate that occupants are generally satisfied with their dwellings, but indoor environment proved to have a statistically significant effect on overall satisfaction. The results in paper V indicate that energy and environmental factors have a minor impact on customers’ decision to purchase or rent an apartment. However, availability of information on building energy and environmental performance may have an effect on the likelihood of the buyers’ being interested in environmental qualities and consequently an impact on their decision. The study presented in paper VI shows that customer interest in energy and environmental factors has a significant impact on stated willingness to pay for green dwellings. The paper discusses the stated willingness to pay for low-energy buildings and buildings with an environmental certificate and attempts to assess the rationale of the stated willingness to pay for low-energy dwellings given potential energy savings.
Fokus i detta forskningsprojekt har legat på att undersöka värdet av gröna bostäder ur ett brett perspektiv, dvs både genom att studera byggherrens och de boendes (kundens) synpunkter. I avhandlingen ingår sju uppsatser. Undersökningen av byggherrens synpunkter fokuserades på kostnader och potentiella inkomster (uppsats I och VII). Kundernas åsikter undersöktes på tre olika sätt: vilken effekt energi och miljö faktorer hade på beslut att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet (uppsats V), betalningsvilja för gröna bostäder (uppsats VI) och slutligen de boendes trivsel samt nöjdhet med inomhusmiljön (uppsats II,III och IV). Den första uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om ökningen av investeringskostnader vid byggande av gröna byggnader kan täckas av framtida energibesparingar och minskning av driftkostnad. Investeringens lönsamhet undersöktes genom att jämföra skillnader i byggkostnader mellan konventionella och gröna bostäder med skillnader i driftskostnader givet olika antaganden om energipriser och räntekrav. Huvudfokus i uppsats VII var också byggkostnader, men denna gång undersöktes hur nya tekniska lösningar påverkar boarea och lönsamhet av energieffektiva bostäder.  Genom att konstruera en modell av ett typhus analyserades potentiella ökningar i boarea med nya lösningar och hur detta påverkade lönsamheten i olika geografiska lägen (prisnivåer). Uppsatserna II och IV presenterar resultat från boendeundersökningar. Båda uppsatserna syftar till att undersöka boendes trivsel och nöjdhet med inomhusmiljö samt att testa skillnaden i svar från boende i gröna och konventionella bostäder.  Uppsats III fokuserar också på inomhusmiljön, men analysen gjordes på svaren som samlades in under Boverkets projekt BETSI och resultaten är därmed representativa för alla vuxna som bor i flerfamiljshus i Sverige. Uppsats III ger därmed en national kontext för uppsatserna II och IV. Resultaten visar att boende trivs i sina bostäder, men inomhusmiljön har en statistiks signifikanta effekt på allmän nöjdhet faktor.. Resultaten i uppsats V tyder på att energi- och miljöaspekter spelar mindre roll i beslutet att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet. Den synliga informationens tillgänglighet angående byggnadens energi- och miljöprestanda, påverkar kundens intresse för dessa faktorer och därmed indirekt hushållets beslut. Resultaten i uppsats VI pekar på att kunderna, som är intresserade av byggnaders energi och miljö prestanda, är villiga att betala mer för gröna bostäder. I uppsats 6 diskuteras betalningsvilja för låg-energi byggnader och för byggnader med miljöcertifikat samt utvärderas om den angivna betalningsviljan är rationell beslut när man tar hänsyn till nuvärdet av framtida energibesparingar.

QC 20131014

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Erdurmus, Salih Bugra. "Benefit-cost Analysis For Retrofitting Of Selected Residential Buildings In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606817/index.pdf.

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During the evaluation of the seismic retrofitting option for risk reduction/mitigation measures to be applied over buildings, Benefit Cost Analysis is an often-used method. During this study of Benefit Cost Analysis, the condition that the earthquake can happen just after or sometime after retrofitting will be taken into consideration rather than some approaches that focus on the benefits and costs regarding the annual probability of the occurrence for possible earthquakes. The analysis will use conditional probability such that the earthquake will be assumed to occur at different periods of time (5, 10, 20 years etc.) after the mitigation measures are taken so that benefit-cost ratios and net social benefits can be observed over time using the results at these periods. Also during this study the indirect effects of earthquake such as business disruption, social disturbance will also be taken into consideration. As a final step, it is aimed to conclude with convincing financial results regarding the direct and indirect effects of the earthquake in terms of benefits and costs to encourage people and the public officials to reduce the potential vulnerability of the housing units people live by taking the necessary precautions against the earthquake.
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Xuan, Yang. "Evaluation of energy performance and cost of different energy saving solutions in residential buildings of China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32805.

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This report reviewed Chinese building energy and related codes, directives and guidelines and compared them with Swedish ones. It also provides general information on residential buildings in China (area, height, layout, etc.) and describes building envelope insulation status and market there (window, exterior walls and roof) and energy related characteristics (heating, heating fee system, cooling and ventilation). This report is targeted towards governmental organizations in Wuhai city in Inner Mongolia of China since this thesis is project (Sino-Swe project) based research and Wuhai city is the place where the project is being carried out. A one week trip to Wuhai city was done during the research time and information concerning aspects such as market, energy saving status and residents’ attitudes were collected through interviews, organized meetings and on-site investigation. Data collected from national level and Wuhai city are combined to support simulation of energyperformance of a model building in Wuhai. Two tools are employed to calculate energyconsumption. One is Dest, developed by Institute of Building Environment and Building Services,Tsinghua University, Beijing, China and has been used in various prestige large structures such as State Grand Theatre. The second one is Standardized Method, proposed by Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design code. It is a traditional and simple energy calculation method and can be realized by Excel. Nowadays, instead of directly using it, its calculation concepts and steps are integrated into different commercial calculation softwares but in a more complex way. Different envelope types, heating methods, ventilation systems are evaluated and building energy consumption for heating and corresponding initial investment and operation cost are calculated. Then life cycle cost methodology is applied to compare different alternatives and those alternatives, according to their payback time, are located into different categories. From the calculation the following figure is obtained and suggestions are made.
www.ima.kth.se
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Jonsson, Leo. "Energy Audit of the multi- residential buildings at “Sicklaön 124:2” : Calculation of energy- and cost saving measures." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17378.

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Books on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Estimating building costs for the residential & light commercial construction professional. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: RSMeans, 2012.

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American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Energy cost allocation for multiple-occupancy residential buildings. Atlanta, GA (1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta 30329): ASHRAE, 1994.

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RSMeans residential repair & remodeling costs: Contractor's price guide 2012. Kingston, MA: RSMeans, 2011.

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Means residential repair & remodeling costs: Contractor's pricing guide, 2009. Kingston, MA: R.S. Means Co., 2008.

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A, Gorges Julie, ed. Residential steel design and construction: Energy efficiecy, cost savings, code compliance. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Chris, Dorsi, ed. Residential energy: Cost savings and comfort for existing buildings. 5th ed. Helena, Mont: Saturn Resource Management, 2009.

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Krigger, John. Residential energy: Cost savings and comfort for existing buildings. [United States]: J. Krigger, 1994.

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Beever, Paula. Research into cost-effective fire safety measures for residential buildings. Melbourne: Centre for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering, Victoria University of Technology, 1999.

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Hirst, Eric. Three years after participation: Electricity savings due to the BPA residential weatherization pilot program. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1985.

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Byers, Richard W. Cost-effectiveness of residential building energy codes: Results of the University of Washington component test and the residential standards demonstration program. [Olympia]: Washington State Energy Office, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Di Ludovico, M., G. De Martino, A. Prota, G. Manfredi, and M. Dolce. "Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 65–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_4.

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AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.
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Antoniucci, Valentina, Adriano Bisello, and Giuliano Marella. "Urban Density and Household-Electricity Consumption: An Analysis of the Italian Residential Building Stock." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 129–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_9.

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AbstractThe influence of urban density on household electricity consumption is still scarcely investigated, despite the growing attention to building energy performance and the electrification of heating systems advocated at the European level. While the positive correlation between urban sprawl developments and the increasing of marginal costs of public infrastructures, services, amenities, public, and private transports are known, there has been little research on the relationship between urban form and electricity consumption in residential building stock. The present work aims to contribute to filling the gap in the existing literature, presenting the early results of ongoing research on the role of urban form in the household electricity consumption in Italy and, consequently, the related energy costs. The building typology and, in general, the structure of urban dwellings, is crucial to forecasting the electricity requirements, taking into account single housing units and their spatial composition in multi-family homes and neighborhoods. After a brief literature review on the topic, the contribution presents empirical research on the electricity consumption at the municipal level in 140 Italian cities, analyzing the diverse consumption patterns under different conditions of urban density to verify whether there exists a significant statistical correlation between them. The analysis confirms that there is a statistically negative correlation between urban density and the log of electricity consumption, even if its incidence is very limited. Further investigation may highlight whether there exists a threshold for which this relationship would be reversed, explaining the higher electricity consumption in dense metropolitan areas.
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Akkar, S. "Earthquake Physical Risk/Loss Assessment Models and Applications: A Case Study on Content Loss Modeling Conditioned on Building Damage." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 223–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_10.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to develop content fragility conditioned on building damage for contents used in residential buildings in Turkey. The approach combines the building damage state probabilities with the content damage probabilities conditioned on building damage states to develop the content fragilities. The paper first presents the procedure and then addresses the epistemic uncertainty in building and content fragilities to show their effects on the content vulnerability. The approach also accounts for the expert opinion differences in the content replacement cost ratios (consequence functions) as part of the epistemic uncertainty. Monte Carlo sampling is used to consider the epistemic uncertainty in each model component contributing to the content vulnerability. A sample case study is presented at the end of the paper to show the implementation of the developed content fragilities by calculating the average annual loss ratio (AALR) distribution of residential content loss over the mainland Turkey.
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Ozarisoy, Bertug, and Hasim Altan. "Building Performance Evaluation: Policy Design and Life-Cycle Cost Impact Analysis of Retrofit Strategies." In Handbook of Retrofitting High Density Residential Buildings, 507–616. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11854-8_9.

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Varghese, Riya Ann, Reshma Kassim, and Sinu Philip Varghese. "Value Engineering in Controlling Cost Overrun in Residential Building Projects." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 353–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12011-4_27.

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Molina-Huelva, M., P. Fernández-Ans, and J. M. Rincón-Calderón. "Assessment of an Energy Rehabilitation Cost on a Residential Block proposal. Analysis and Guidelines for Profitability Improvements." In Construction and Building Research, 281–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7790-3_35.

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Rasul, Mohamed J. M. A., Naleen de Alwis, and Mohan Lal Kolhe. "Cost-Benefit and Short-Term Power Flow Analysis of Grid Integrated Residential Photovoltaic-Battery Energy System." In Control of Smart Buildings, 251–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0375-5_11.

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Sheina, Svetlana, and Natalya Tsopa. "Formation the Construction Cost for Residential Buildings at the Design Stages." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 224–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19868-8_23.

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Fitriani, Ratih, Yusuf Latief, and Rossy A. Machfudiyanto. "Cost Structure of Construction Safety on High Residential Buildings in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering, 659–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9348-9_58.

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Noraini, Muhammad Lutfil Hadi, Wan-Mohd-Sabki Wan Omar, and Radzi Ismail. "Sustainable Structural Design of Residential Tall Building Based on Embodied Energy and Cost Performance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 209–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7920-9_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Ortiz, Joana, Antoni Fonseca I Casas, Jaume Salom, Verdiana Russo, Nuria Garrido, and Pau Fonseca I Casas. "Optimization of Energy Renovation of Residential Sector in Catalonia Based on Comfort, Energy And Costs." In 2015 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2015.2908.

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Wei, Bing, Huayi Yang, and Wen Luo. "Economic Evaluation of Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90347.

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Nowadays the residential central air conditioning systems are being widely used in China, and there are several different system options in the actual applications. Different residential central air conditioning systems will have different initial costs and operating costs. It is quite important for the decision-makers to choose an economical air conditioning system. In this paper six residential central air conditioning systems are introduced, which are the air-source heat pump system, household gas-fired air conditioning system, air-cooled chiller unit/gas-fired boiler system, water loop heat pump system, ground-source heat pump system and solar heat pump system. By using the method of dynamic total annual cost with an example of residential building in Beijing, the total annual costs of chosen six air conditioning systems are calculated and compared, and the sensitivity of total annual cost are analyzed with the rates of electricity and natural gas being used as the sensitive factors. The results show that the total annual cost of water loop heat pump system is the minimum among the six systems, which is the optimal option under the given conditions. The rates of electricity and natural gas will influence the raking of systems.
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Siaka, Ghalib, and Ning Zhang. "CFD Simulation of Hurricane Force Wind and Its Impacts on Residential Buildings." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87027.

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Abstract The landfall of hurricane Laura and Delta during the 2020 hurricane season cost the Southwest Louisiana Area (SWLA) $19 billion and $2.9 billion in damage respectively. Since then, the need to use computational fluid dynamics to study hurricane effects on buildings to reduce damage costs is more alarming. In this research, common residential building designs will be put under different levels of hurricane size winds and barometric pressure conditions from different directions through CFD simulations. The effect of the roof shape, size, and placement on the pressure, shear stress, and eddies acting on the roof will be studied since they are the major causes of roof damage on a building during a hurricane. The objective of this research is to identify the areas of a building’s roof most vulnerable to damage during a hurricane, to ensure reinforcements to prevent future damage. Higher category hurricanes are more likely to cause roof damage due to the lower barometric pressure and higher Reynold’s number characteristics the possess. In the CFD simulation, a Steady and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model will be used. Also, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model will be used to study the flow structure in the domain.
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Kajavathani, P., and T. Ramachandra. "An assessment of maintenance cost of residential apartments in Sri Lanka." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.8.

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Buildings require maintenance for their continuous operation at a higher level through their extended life. Early prediction of maintenance costs (MC) would enable efficient maintenance and smooth operations of the buildings and thereby ensure achieving value for the investment. The effects of factors on MC provide a chance to refine the design to ensure the optimisation of MC during early design development. Thus, this study aims to analyse the MC of high-rise residential apartments along with the effects of factors influencing MC in Sri Lanka. Initially, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the factors’ impact on the MC elements based on a 1-5 Likert scale. Then, a case study approach was employed using three high-rise residential apartments with above 30 floors located in Colombo to analyse the costs of MC elements. The data collected from semi-structured interviews and document review were analysed manually as a percentage of MC. The findings revealed that MC accounts for 30% of running costs (RC). According to Pareto analysis, 11 out of 29 sub-elements including lifts and escalators, maintenance management, repairs and replacement, and electric power and lighting contribute to 80% of MC. Further, most of the building design factors and technical factors highly affect the MC. The annual MC per GFA is about Rs. 350.00. It is expected that these findings would enable the designers to forecast the MC and focus on the relevant design and technical factors to optimise the maintenance costs of highrise residential buildings at the early design stages.
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Wassmer, Michael R., Michael J. Brandemuehl, and Adam Jackaway. "The Simulation of a Zero-Energy Residential Building for the Solar Decathlon Competition." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44038.

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In 2002, the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored the world’s first university competition to design and build a completely solar powered house. One requirement of the competition was to perform simulations of the house’s photovoltaic, solar thermal, and space conditioning systems. By instituting this requirement, DOE is encouraging the building industry to apply the “whole-building design” approach to residences as a method of reducing financial and environmental operation costs of the building over its lifetime. This paper describes the simulation approach taken by the University of Colorado Solar Decathlon Team. In addition to describing the process of simulating a zero-energy residential building, the specific results of the simulations and related parametric studies are also presented. The design and analysis process provides a case study in the application of six different simulation tools for zero-energy building design. Energy-10 provided an environment for parametric analysis of building design options during the critical early design phase. However, it lacks the flexibility to model solar electric, solar thermal, and specialized HVAC systems. FChart gave valuable guidance early in the project on the impact of solar system sizing and performance. TRNSYS is extremely flexible in that it can simulate various solar systems and the interactions of virtually any thermal system commonly found in buildings. This flexibility is accompanied by the burden of complexity and a generic user interface that limits its use as a routine building design tool. Radiance, AGI32, and ECOTECT provided specialized simulation tools for the integration of the daylight delivery system, external shading devices, and the electric lighting system. Additional development is required to better integrate these design needs into general building energy analysis tools.
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Almanza Huerta, L., Moncef Krarti, and A. Hernandez Guerrero. "Evaluation of Hybrid Distributed Generation Systems for Four Locations in Mexico." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91376.

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The present work provides a feasibility analysis of a hybrid distributed generation system to meet the energy needs for residential communities in four locations in Mexico. Tuxtla Gutierrez (Oaxaca), Puerto Escondido (Oaxaca), Guaymas (Sonora) and Mexicali (Baja California Norte) were the four locations selected to assess the potential available energy resources in meeting cost-effectively and sustainably the electricity and thermal loads of small communities in Mexico. Electricity and thermal loads are obtained for the four locations by using calibrated building energy models for residential buildings in Mexico. Based on the feasibility analysis, it is found that while hybrid systems can reduce significantly CO2 emissions, they are not cost-effective to implement in all locations due to the relatively cheap electricity costs from the only federal utility company in Mexico.
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Arthur, J. Howard, and Robert J. Ribando. "Use of Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) Construction for Energy Conservation in Residential Construction." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65022.

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As a nation the United States must reduce its dependence on imported energy resources. Net imports of foreign oil as a percentage of total U.S. oil demand have increased from 37% in 1980 to 55% in 2001 and are predicted to increase to 65% by the year 2016. Since heating and air conditioning account for 44% of the energy usage in a typical U.S. home, residential energy conservation techniques hold great promise for significant savings. Insulated concrete form (ICF) construction is a promising construction technique for both residential and commercial construction. Some advantages of ICF construction include: reduced construction time, compatibility with any inside or outside surface finish, insect resistance, strength, noise reduction, reduced infiltration, significant and continuing energy savings, lower HVAC capital costs for the building, and 12” (30 cm) wide window sills. Disadvantages of ICF construction include: resistance from builders and sub-contractors unfamiliar with the construction technique, higher material costs, the necessary custom window and door openings, and the difficulty and expense of making changes once the walls are in place. Even though the material costs are higher than typical (stick-frame) construction, labor savings might result in overall savings. In this paper actual energy usage for an ICF house constructed in 1998 is compared to the energy usage for a 1988 conventional stick-frame building. Comparison of these two buildings indicates a 75% reduction in energy usage per square foot per degree-day for the ICF building when compared to the stick-frame building. During this same time period, energy (gas) usage for heating and hot water decreased 85%. Computer simulations were made for both an ICF wall and for a conventional frame wall. These computer simulations indicate significant saving potential for the ICF wall when compared to a conventional frame wall section. In addition these simulations illustrate dramatically the effect of separating the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance inherent in this “sandwich” construction.
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McCurdy, Patrick J., Kaleb Pattawi, Chenli Wang, Thomas Roth, Cuong Nguyen, Yuhong Liu, and Hohyun Lee. "Validation Approach for Energy Optimization Models of Grid-Interactive Buildings Using Co-Simulation." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69679.

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Abstract The consumption and production of energy are more dynamic as distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are deployed within the electric distribution system. The existing techniques for bulk generation do not take full advantage of DERs and can lead to wasted energy and higher costs for both utility companies and consumers. Commercial and residential building energy management systems are usually on a fixed schedule and are not able to respond to changes in energy price instantaneously. There is a need for a real-time pricing structure that can accommodate the fluctuating cost of energy based on supply and demand, and for an energy management system that is able to respond to the dynamic utility rate. As such, there is a need for a robust energy management control strategy and methodology to validate new approaches. To address this gap, a strategy to control heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in a residential house was developed along with a validation methodology. A model of predictive control was implemented to optimize the thermostat setpoints and minimize energy cost for an individual residential house while maintaining thermal comfort of residents. This model was integrated with EnergyPlus simulation via an open source co-simulation platform previously developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Total energy consumption and cost for consumers were compared between a case with the proposed model and a baseline case that used fixed-temperature setpoint control. The simple dynamic pricing model used in simulations was proportional to the demand of energy at that time of day. This work will contribute to the development of dynamic utility pricing models and residential control strategies for grid-interactive buildings and homes. The outcome of this research can be expanded to different building models or locations in future work.
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Galimshina, Alina, Maliki Moustapha, Alexander Hollberg, Guy Wagner, Pierryves Padey, Sébastien Lasvaux, Bruno Sudret, and Guillaume Habert. "Earth Plastered Wall Heating as a Low-Emitting, Cost-Effective and Robust Energy System for Building Renovation." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.466.

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Renovation of the building stock in Europe is urgent to decrease the environmental impact from the building sector and meet the United Nations climate action goals. However, it is often hard to define a robust scenario for a renovation due to numerous uncertainties, which occur during the production, operation and end-of-life stage. One can cite the loss of performance of insulation and heating systems, the replacement time of installation or the future energy prices as well as the future climate. The replacement of oil boilers with heat pumps has shown a good performance regarding costs and greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the flow and return temperature differences, often the current heat distribution system needs to be replaced as well, which is normally done with conventional radiators or floor heating. In this paper, we analyse a new possibility of a heat distribution system with earth plastered wall. We develop a methodology on the integrated assessment of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for the renovation scenarios and adapt the analysis of the heat pump renovation solution with conventional radiators system and the earth plastered wall for two typical residential buildings located in Switzerland. Through rigorous statistical treatment, we then propagate the possible sources of uncertainty and perform the uncertainty quantification using polynomial chaos expansion to compare the distributions of two outcomes. The results show that the solution with the earth plaster has lower overall environmental impacts and costs. It has also been noticed that the solution with the earth plaster is more robust in investment cost and embodied emissions compared to the solution with the conventional radiators.
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Thompson, Jordan, and Moncef Krarti. "Resiliency Evaluation of Net-Zero Residential Communities." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63651.

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Abstract In this report, a resiliency analysis is carried out to assess the energy, economic, and power outage survivability benefits of efficient and Net-Zero communities. The analysis addresses the appropriate steps to designing an energy-efficient and Net-Zero community using Phoenix, Arizona as a primary location for weather and utility inputs. A baseline home is established using International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2018 code requirements. Three occupancy levels are evaluated in BEopt to provide diversity in the community’s building stock. The loads from the baseline, energy-efficient optimum, and Net-Zero optimum single-family homes are utilized to determine energy use profiles for various residential community types using occupancy statistics for Phoenix. Then, REopt is used to determine the photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system sizes necessary for the community to survive a 72-hour power outage. The baseline community requires a 544-kW PV system and 375-kW/1,564 kWh battery storage system to keep all electrical loads online during a 72-hour power outage. The energy-efficient community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 202-kW/820 kWh battery storage system while the Net-Zero community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 191-kW/880 kWh battery storage system. In this study, the economic analysis indicates that it is 43% more cost-effective to install a shared PV plus storage system than to install individual PV plus storage systems in an energy-efficient community. After analyzing the system sizes and costs required to survive various outage durations, it is found that only a 4% difference in net present cost exists between a system sized for a 24-hour outage and a 144-hour outage. In the event of a pandemic or an event that causes a community-wide lockdown, the energy-efficient community would only survive 6 hours out of a 72-hour power outage during a time where plug loads are increased by 50% due to added laptops, monitors, and other office electronics. Finally, a climate sensitivity analysis is conducted for efficient communities in Naperville, Illinois and Augusta, Maine. The analysis suggests that for a 72-hour power outage starting on the peak demand day and time of the year, the cost of resiliency is higher in climates with more heating and cooling needs as HVAC is consistently the largest load in a residential building.
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Reports on the topic "Residential building costs"

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Moncef, Krati, and Mohammad Aldubyan. Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp20.

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This paper describes an optimization-based approach to evaluate measures providing peak electricity demand reduction cost benefits for Saudi residential buildings. These measures can be categorized as energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) measures. Specifically, this paper models the existing Saudi building stock using 56 housing prototypes based on types, vintages and locations.
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Kneifel, Joshua D., and Eric G. O'Rear. Net-Zero Energy Residential Building Component Cost Estimates and Comparisons. National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1207.

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Kneifel, Joshua D., and Eric G. O'Rear. Benefits and Costs of Energy Standard Adoption in New Residential Buildings: National Summary. National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1194.

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4

Koomey, J. G., J. E. McMahon, and C. Wodley. Improving the thermal integrity of new single-family detached residential buildings: Documentation for a regional database of capital costs and space conditioning load savings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5885006.

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5

Koomey, J. G., J. E. McMahon, and C. Wodley. Improving the thermal integrity of new single-family detached residential buildings: Documentation for a regional database of capital costs and space conditioning load savings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10123176.

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6

Di Massa, F. V., D. L. Hadley, and M. A. Halverson. Construction cost impact analysis of the U.S. Department of Energy mandatory performance standards for new federal commercial and multi-family, high-rise residential buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110216.

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