Journal articles on the topic 'Resettlement Impacts of Hydroelectric Projects'
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Abdulai, Abdul-Rahim, and Lois Araba Fynn. "Induced Resettlement and Livelihoods of Communities: A Case Study of the Bui Dam Jama Resettlement Community, Ghana." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 2 (2018): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/36.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. Study aimed to examine the impacts of the Bui-Dam Hydroelectric Power (BHP) project resettlement on communities’ livelihoods. The purpose was to understand how the resettlement affected livelihood assets, activities, and capabilities of communities and households. Background................................................................................................................................................................................................. Induced displacements and livelihoods of households and communities have received enormous scholarly attention in many academic disciplines. In this paper, we add to the contributions in this issue area, employing a case study, to examine the livelihood effects to communities involved in the Phase A of the Bui Resettlement Program in Jama, Ghana. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were used to closely understand, from the perspective of stakeholders, including affected households, community leaders, and resettlement authorities, the impact of the project on livelihood capabilities, assets and activities. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................. The study has shown that resettlement presents communities with both challenges and opportunities. This conclusion is important in planning future projects, because, it will allow practitioners to carefully plan with both dimensions at sight. Findings ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... The study revealed that livelihood assets, including agricultural lands and fishing lake, were affected. However, farmlands were replaced while the lake remained accessible to households, posing little change in general livelihood activities. The quality and adequacy of the new resources were however in question, and some households were forced to change activities. Capabilities of resettled people were not affected; however, some were rendered useless in the new location while social ties and sense of belongingness were negatively affected. Recommendations for Practitioners........................................................................................................................................................... Considering the findings of this research, for future induced resettlement, we recommend that proactive measure be taken to understand the potential impacts of projects to be incorporated into planning. In addition, livelihood supports should be planned on long-term basis, to ensure that all potential impacts are predetermined. Broadly, context-specific safeguard policies should be pursued at the local level. Recommendation for Researchers............................................................................................................................................................ It is important to consider both the positive and negative impacts of induced resettlement to provide a holistic picture of how it affects households and communities. Researchers studying resettlement must therefore expand their scope of consideration to inform holistic policy actions. Impact on Society........................................................................................................................................................................................ The study provides findings that can enhance the sustainability of community livelihoods in the face of infrastructural development activities in pursuit of economic growth. Future Research........................................................................................................................................................................................... From the research perspective, future studies could well focus on understanding both dimensions of the impacts of various projects. Such an approach will provide valuable inputs to development planners and practitioners on how to effectively optimize project outcomes. The findings will also serve as a benchmark for people studying the same project long after all the phases are completed.
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Thanju, Rajendra P. "Kali Gandaki ‘A’ Hydroelectric Project in Environmental Perspectives." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 1 (February 14, 2008): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v1i0.880.
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Hydropower is one of the cleanest, renewable and environmentally benign sources of energy. Nepal is blessed with immense source of water resources and huge hydropower potential. The Kali Gandaki ‘A’ (KGA) Hydroelectric Project is the largest hydropower project constructed so far in Nepal. The project is a daily pondage type scheme with an installed capacity of 144 MW.
The KGA is one of the first largest hydropower projects that has been well studied environmentally and socially in the pre-project, construction and operation stages. A full team of multi-disciplinary professionals was involved during the construction phase to monitor environmental impacts and compliance with contract clauses, and to implement the mitigation measures.
Implementation of KGA in what was once considered as a remote area, has resulted in multifold beneficial impacts to the local community. Improvement of public infrastructure, enhanced educational facilities and employment of local populations, including affected families during project construction and operation phase, have enhanced the quality of rural lives. The KGA operation has contributed significantly to Nepal’s power system and has boosted the economic development of the country.
Key words: Hydropower; environmental monitoring; impacts; mitigation; resettlement; Nepal
Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. I No. 1, 2007 pp. 15-21
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Rothman, Franklin D. "A Comparative Study of Dam-Resistance Campaigns and Environmental Policy in Brazil." Journal of Environment & Development 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 317–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965-0101004-02.
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This article examines the participation of Brazilian communities in the environmental impact assessment process of five hydroelectric dam projects in Minas Gerais State in the context of privatization of Brazil's electric sector. It focuses on how support of church, university, and environmental activists enabled dam-affected rural populations and their leaders to effectively contest dam plans. Popular rural mobilization and critiques of environmental impacts reports in public hearings by affected people and their allies, reinforced by support from urban political leaders, provided leverage needed by state environmental technocrats to vigorously enforce environmental regulations. Divergent project outcomes included private sponsor withdrawal of three projects and a relatively equitable resettlement agreement of another project. Findings suggest that under certain conditions, prior institutional reforms can facilitate the empowerment of affected people, enabling them to influence environmental decision making and energy policy.
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Ogwang, Tom, and Frank Vanclay. "Resource-Financed Infrastructure: Thoughts on Four Chinese-Financed Projects in Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063259.
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Increasingly common methods for financing public infrastructure in developing economies are Resources-for-Infrastructure (R4I) and Resource-Financed Infrastructure (RFI), usually involving Chinese financial institutions and Chinese construction companies. Although there are advantages to the borrowing country from these project financing arrangements, there are also various issues and governance challenges. In Uganda, expectations around future revenue from oil extraction have led to many infrastructure projects being commissioned, mostly funded by RFI arrangements. To consider the appropriateness of these arrangements and to reflect on whether they are likely to contribute to positive development outcomes or be examples of the resource curse, we examined four public infrastructure projects: Kampala–Entebbe Expressway; Karuma Hydroelectric Dam; Isimba Hydroelectric Dam; and the Malaba to Kampala section of the East Africa Standard Gauge Railway. Although R4I/RFI arrangements are viewed positively by some commentators, others (especially local companies) consider they lack transparency, create unsustainable debt, promote China’s interests over the borrowing country, increase unemployment, unfairly compete with local business, deal in corruption, have poor working conditions, and result in substandard construction. Nevertheless, we conclude that Uganda and other developing countries have generally benefited from Chinese-funded infrastructure, and there is more myth trap than debt trap. However, to ensure positive development outcomes, governments and construction companies should ensure compliance with international standards, especially relating to: environmental and social impact assessment; human rights; benefit-sharing arrangements; livelihood restoration; and project-induced displacement and resettlement.
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MADHVI SINGH and ANNA NATH GANGULY. "Hydropower Project Safety & its Impact on Environment & Culture of the Indigenous Civilization: - A Case of Lohari Village, Uttarakhand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.095.
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Background: - Lakhwar-Vyasi Project, a significant project initiated in 1992 and finally completed in 2022; witnessed the rights violation and impacted the livelihoods of Lohari village when they were vacated without resettlement. This study analysis the interconnectedness between mainstreaming and commercialization on one hand and the necessity of preserving indigenous group for sustainable environment.Methods: - The data pool comprised 156 publications from the years 1979 to 2022, spread across eight different document categories. This study is also based on a historical and descriptive analysis of the literature on ethnicity and indigenous populations, while also undertaking a scientific investigation into the empirical research on source material regarding the construction of hydroelectric power plants.Results: - The need to determine how many dams will displace indigenous communities in the near future and how much this will affect India's ecological balance has become urgent. This is because all such projects disrupt settlement by uprooting both the local culture and its ecological balance at the same time.Conclusion: - Locating and awakening the majority of the planet will get us closer to understanding why we should protect this system, which is why protecting Indigenous Communities is crucial for the environment.
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Moreira, Rodolfo Pragana, and José Antônio Herrera. "ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL E CRIAÇÃO DOS RUC: uma leitura geográfica a partir dos impactos no Baixão do Tufi em Altamira - Pará." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 12 (March 22, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n12p32-44.
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TERRITORIAL PLANNING AND CREATION OF RUC: geographic reading from the impacts from the Baixão do Tufi in Altamira – ParáORDENACIÓN TERRITORIAL Y CREACIÓN DE LOS RUC: una lectura geográfica a partir de los impactos en el Baixão del Tufi en Altamira – ParáNo trabalho, objetiva-se mostrar como materializam-se estratégias de ordenamento territorial como condição para a construção de grandes projetos hidroelétricos na Amazônia, com estratégias de reassentamento da população atingida em espaços de sociabilidade comum (Reassentamentos Urbanos Coletivos – RUC). O estudo de caso e análise documental, vinculados aos moradores do antigo espaço do Baixão do Tufi, zona urbana de Altamira/PA, ratificou que tais políticas desestruturam as redes territoriais locais, os nexos com o lugar, e imprimiram novas lógicas de desigualdade que consolidam a instrumentalização do território e a marginalização da população local. Por isso, problematizar os documentos oficiais (Plano Básico Ambiental e Estudo de Impacto Ambiental) que são base para desenvolvimento das condicionantes e construção da obra é fundamental para se propor uma geografia para o desenvolvimento socioespacial local (re)pensando o ordenamento territorial por causa das individualidades de cada lugar.Palavras-chave: Usina Hidroelétrica; Amazônia; Reassentamento Urbano.ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to show how territorial planning strategies materialize as a condition for the construction of large hydroelectric projects in the Amazon, with strategies for resettlement of the affected population in spaces of common sociability (Collective Urban Resettlements - RUC). The case study and documentary analysis, linked to the inhabitants of the former Baffin do Tufi area, urban area of Altamira / PA, ratified that such policies de-structured local territorial networks, the nexuses with the place, and printed new logics of inequality that consolidate the exploitation of the territory and the marginalization of the local population. Therefore, to problematize the official documents (Basic Environmental Plan and Environmental Impact Study) that are basis for the development of the conditions and construction of the work is fundamental to propose a geography for the local socio-spatial development (re) thinking the territorial order because of the Individualities of each place.Keywords: Hydroelectric Plant; Amazônia; Urban Resettlement.RESUMENEn el trabajo, se pretende mostrar cómo se materializan estrategias de ordenamiento territorial como condición para la construcción de grandes proyectos hidroeléctricos en la Amazonia, con estrategias de reasentamiento de la población afectada en espacios de sociabilidad común (Rebentamientos Urbanos Colectivos - RUC). El estudio de caso y análisis documental, vinculados a los habitantes del antiguo espacio del Baixo del Tufi, zona urbana de Altamira / PA, ratificó que tales políticas desestructuran las redes territoriales locales, los nexos con el lugar, e imprimieron nuevas lógicas de desigualdad que consolidan La instrumentalización del territorio y la marginación de la población local. Por eso, problematizar los documentos oficiales (Plan Básico Ambiental y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental) que son base para el desarrollo de las condicionantes y construcción de la obra es fundamental para proponer una geografía para el desarrollo socioespacial local (re) pensando el ordenamiento territorial a causa de las condiciones Individualidades de cada lugar.Palabras clave: Usina Hidroeléctrica; Amazônia; Reasentamiento Urbano.
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PASE, HEMERSON LUIZ, HUMBERTO JOSÉ DA ROCHA, EVERTON RODRIGO DOS SANTOS, and ANA PAULA DUPUY PATELLA. "THE SOCIOPOLITICAL CONFLICT IN HYDROELECTRIC ENTERPRISES." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc135480v1922016.
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Abstract Electrical energy is the basis of the lifestyle of contemporary society, whose main source in Brazil, is the dam, requiring the construction of major infrastructure projects. These projects drive contradictory social and political processes. In these processes, we glimpse the conflict between the Specific Purpose Entities (SPE), proponents of hydropower, and the Touched, representative parts of local populations forcibly displaced as a result of these works Movement of Affected by Dams. Having locus as the basin of Uruguay, southern Brazil, this article discusses the conflict through a "loop analysis" consists of hydropower and resettlement. We sought to understand the frequency and the motivations of those affected to participate politically in later demonstrations against their relocation hydropower. Therefore, we use a methodology that links qualitative and quantitative tools based on empirical research. The study enables us to understand that the primary motivator for participation of those affected in later for their resettlement mobilizations is human solidarity.
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Sun, Zhong Gen, Zhi Jiang Hu, and Xiao Han. "Study and Assessment of Migration Sustainability in Hydroelectric Power Project." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2943.
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The migration sustainability assessment of hydroelectric power projects is core means to assay resettlement effects. It’s also the important basis of development and support for hydroelectric power projects. This paper is based on sustainability, and the contents of sustainable migrant assessment include sustainable development of population, sustainable development of economic, sustainable development of resources, sustainable development of environment and sustainable development of society. The migrant sustainable assessment is an combined type which includes individual index assessment and comprehensive assessment of index system.
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Wali, Alaka. "When Planning Fails." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.3.m183t5417233v178.
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Documented accounts of forced resettlement associated with economic development projects often relate the disastrous social consequences for the affected population. Often, the blame is laid to the lack of well-developed plans and policies during the early stages of the project. The implication is that if resettlement is considered early on as a fully integrated component of the project, problems for the local residents can be avoided. The experience with forced resettlement associated with the construction of the Bayano Hydroelectric Complex in Eastern Panama proves otherwise. In this instance, planning for resettlement was fairly extensive and involved local anthropologists who had regional expertise. Yet, today, the people of the Bayano region face an uncertain future and certainly cannot be said to have benefitted from the dam's construction. The case reported here is based on research conducted in Panama in 1979-1980, and in 1988. It is detailed more fully in my book Kilowatts and Crisis; Hydroelectric Power and Social Dislocation in Eastern Panama (Westview Press, 1989).
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Abdullah, Jamalunlaili, Razmi Chik, Ahmad Shazrin Mohamed Azmi, and Noraziah Abu Bakar. "Towards a More Sustainable and Inclusive Compensation Plan for Orang Asli: Telom HEP, Pahang, Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.195.
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A hydroelectric project proposed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad in Telom, Pahang, Malaysia will inundate six Orang Asli villagers whose residents have relocated to a new resettlement. However, TNB still needs their agreements and provide fair and agreeable compensation. This paper analyzes the process associated with the exercise. It is a descriptive analysis of activities conducted in preparing the plans as well as principles and values considered in calculating the proposed compensation and resettlement. It is hoped that the more sensitive and inclusive approach can be emulated in future projects affecting Orang Asli and others affected by developments© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Orang Asli; compensation plan; resettlement plan; Telom Hydroelectric Project
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Tohid, Zainon, and Asiah Abd. Rahim. "Sustainable Masjid Architecture and Public Buildings." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.200.
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A hydroelectric project proposed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad in Telom, Pahang, Malaysia will inundate six Orang Asli villagers whose residents have relocated to a new resettlement. However, TNB still needs their agreements and provide fair and agreeable compensation. This paper analyzes the process associated with the exercise. It is a descriptive analysis of activities conducted in preparing the plans as well as principles and values considered in calculating the proposed compensation and resettlement. It is hoped that the more sensitive and inclusive approach can be emulated in future projects affecting Orang Asli and others affected by developments© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Orang Asli; compensation plan; resettlement plan; Telom Hydroelectric Project
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Sikka, Gaurav, and Vinita Mathur. "Gender Analysis of Post Resettlement Transformation in Livelihood Opportunities at Sardar Sarovar Project Resettlement Sites, India." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 6, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024917731839.
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A gender perspective on displacement and associated resettlement is less common, since the traditional discourse has categorised the development refugees to be a homogenous undifferentiated people—without gender, age or other defining characteristics except ethnicity. Many studies are being done to analyse the impacts of displacement caused by development projects on the resettled communities. But the differential impacts of displacement on men and women have only been considered very recently. Gender has been missing in the impact assessments of large development projects like dams. This article, based on an ongoing research work, is an attempt in this direction to analyse some post resettlement impacts of the Sardar Sarovar Project on tribal communities from a gender lens. The first part of the article dwells upon the post resettlement changes in livelihood opportunities. The second part of the manuscript is a gender analysis showing the impacts of post resettlement transformations upon men and women at the new sites. We ultimately attempt to highlight the transformations in gender roles and gender relations due to displacement and resettlement by providing empirical evidence from the resettlement sites. The research has adopted qualitative methods in data collection. Data have been collected through household surveys, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key informants.
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Lauer, Hannes, Mario Delos Reyes, and Joern Birkmann. "Managed Retreat as Adaptation Option: Investigating Different Resettlement Approaches and Their Impacts—Lessons from Metro Manila." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020829.
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Managed retreat has become a recommended adaptation strategy for hazard-prone coastal cities. The study aimed to improve considerations for the contextual factors that influence the success of managed retreat and resettlement projects in Metro Manila. Data were collected through a mixed-method approach consisting of a screening of relevant literature, a qualitative case analysis of resettlement projects, and a workshop series with Philippine stakeholders. It turned out that the resettlement of informal settlers is a central element of urban development. Though in-city resettlement is preferred, the majority of existing and planned projects are developed in off-city locations. The findings present a nuanced view of different retreat approaches. Not all in-city resettlements are successful, and the unpopular off-city projects have a potentially important role for urban and regional development. A strategic planning thread to develop concepts for qualitative off-city settlements that counteract uncontrolled urban sprawl with monofunctional residential areas for urban poor people was deduced. The other thread asks for pathways for inner-city development with innovative, vertical, in-city projects. A final observation was that climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are worsening the situation in informal settlements, thus strengthening the argument for the planned decentralization of Metro Manila’s congested urban areas.
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Lemos, Ediberto Barbosa, Mariluce Paes de Souza, Dercio Bernardes Souza, and Fabiana Rodrigues Riva. "Review on Governance in Hydroelectric Projects and Impacts on Natural Resources." International Journal of Business Administration 12, no. 6 (November 8, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v12n6p25.
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This article reviewed the literature to highlight how governance in hydroelectric enterprises is configured and the impacts on natural resources resulting from this type of energy production. The methodological procedures were based on the PRISMA recommendation (Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) and indexed articles were used from the SCOPUS database. It was evidenced that more than 1/3 of the studies were conducted in Brazil, highlighting the potential of the Amazon region of the country for the construction of hydroelectric dams. Four essential subjects were identified as to be observed by the governance of these enterprises: stakeholder participation, habitat fragmentation, social impacts, and impacts on fish species. These subjects constitute three categories that synthesize governance in hydroelectric projects and the impacts on natural resources: energy policies – which generate benefits for the private sector and contemplate very little the local communities and the environment; water resources and fish - the impacts are related to the type of enterprise to be built, which can compromise the migration and reproduction of fish, in addition to the increasing concentration of nutrients in reservoirs and changes of the water quality; and biodiversity and ecosystem – which are affected by the fragmentation and alteration of natural habitats caused by dam floods.
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Huang, Youliang, Wensheng Lin, Shan Li, and Yan Ning. "Social Impacts of Dam-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Comparative Case Study in China." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114018.
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Dam projects are inevitably accompanied by massive displacement and resettlement, which imposes intricate social impacts on the host community. This study aims to investigate the social impacts of dam-induced displacement and resettlement in China through a comparative case study where both the control and experimental groups were investigated. Data were collected through a mix of questionnaire-survey, archival files, and face-to-face interviews. The results show that dam-induced displacement and resettlement was conducive to improving residence conditions and facilitating the acceptance of rural cooperative medical insurance. But it had negative impacts on employment, income level and income resource, and overall well-being. Implications for theory and for practice are provided in the end.
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Rosenberg, D. M., F. Berkes, R. A. Bodaly, R. E. Hecky, C. A. Kelly, and J. WM Rudd. "Large-scale impacts of hydroelectric development." Environmental Reviews 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a97-001.
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The substantial size of some hydroelectric projects and the extensive total surface area covered by reservoirs globally require that research determining the impacts of these developments be done at ever-increasing spatial and temporal scales. As a consequence of this research, new views are emerging about the spatial extent and longevity of the environmental and social impacts of such developments. New findings challenge the notion of hydroelectric development as a benign alternative to other forms of power generation. This review examines the intertwined environmental and social effects of methylmercury bioaccumulation in the food web, emission of greenhouse gases from reservoirs, downstream effects of altered flows, and impacts on biodiversity, each of which operates at its own unique spatial and temporal scales. Methylmercury bioaccumulation occurs at the smallest spatial and temporal scales of the four impacts reviewed, whereas downstream effects usually occur at the largest scales. Greenhouse gas emissions, the newest surprise connected with large-scale hydroelectric development, are relatively short term but eventually may have important global-scale consequences. Limitation of biodiversity by hydroelectric development usually occurs at intermediate spatial and temporal scales. Knowledge developed from working at expanded spatial and temporal scales should be an important part of future decision making for large-scale hydroelectric development.
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Zhong, Yiguang, and Geoff Power. "SOME ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS ON FISH IN CANADA." Impact Assessment 14, no. 3 (September 1996): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349165.1996.9725905.
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Zhong, Yiguang, and Geoff Power. "Environmental impacts of hydroelectric projects on fish resources in China." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 12, no. 1 (January 1996): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1646(199601)12:1<81::aid-rrr378>3.0.co;2-9.
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Sikka, Gaurav. "Moving Beyond Economic Analysis: Assessing The Socio-Cultural Impacts Of Displacement And Resettlement By Sardar Sarovar Project, India." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-165.
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The large scale development projects like dams have been justified for a greater economic benefit of the nation. However, the development projects have become synonymous with land acquisition leading to dispossession and forced migration of a large number of people and their involuntary resettlement. Unfortunately, too much focus on the economic benefits of such large scale projects has omitted many relevant tangible and intangible socio-cultural aspects and ignored the impacts of development policies that shape forced migrations. The present paper asserts to move beyond the ‘limited’ economic analysis of large projects and includes the critical social and cultural implications of forced migration and displacement. The paper presents views of respondents displaced from the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra and were resettled inGujarat. Perhaps, it is the most unique aspect of this paper to understand the socio-cultural adjustment in context of the spatial origin. The resettlement caused by the Sardar Sarovar Project has led to a change in dress patterns and marriage customs, loss of tribal folk art, destroyed the existing social networks and hindered access to new ones. Increased violence against women, problem of drunkenness and bootlegging at the resettlement sites are also highlighted. The insights in the work are based upon the fieldwork in select resettlement sites inGujarat. The author adopted participant observation, focus group discussions and key informant interviews as a means for data collection and better comprehension of the study area.
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LETURCQ, GUILLAUME. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0254r1v1922016.
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Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.
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Dachaga, Walter, and Uchendu Eugene Chigbu. "Understanding tenure security dynamics in resettlement towns: Evidence from the Bui Resettlement Project in Ghana." Journal of Planning and Land Management 1, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36005/jplm.v1i2.21.
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Many researchers have investigated the impacts of resettlement schemes in Ghana. However, not many have explored the tenure dynamics in resettlement and how it either improves or worsens tenure security. This study contributes to filling this gap by assessing tenure security in the Bui Resettlement Town B in Ghana and proposes measures for undertaking resettlement projects in a tenure responsive manner. The study adopted a qualitative and descriptive statistical approach based on data collected using interviews on tenure experiences and resettlement processes concerning the Bui resettlement project (Resettlement Town B) in Ghana. Findings show that tenure insecurity is associated with the resettlement project due to the transformation of tenure from communal holding to individual holding, changes in traditional land governance structures from local chiefs to Bui Power Authority and a general lack of access to land. The study concludes with some measures for improving tenure security in resettlement towns.
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Naranjo-Silva, Sebastian, and Javier Álvarez del Castillo. "Hydropower: Projections in a changing climate and impacts by this "clean" source." CienciAmérica 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v10i2.363.
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INTRODUCTION: Hydropower is an extensively used renewable source; in 2016, 159 countries reported benefiting; currently, there are around 9,000 projects in operation due to the competitive cost of generating a similar cost such as thermal energy such as coal, oil, or gas in the range of USD 4 - 5 cents US dollars per kilowatt-hour. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the results of hydroelectric development in the face of the changing climate and the generated impacts, making hydropower a subsector of special attention to discussing the global projection. METHOD: Bibliographic review to reflect on the global context of hydroelectricity based on scientific studies. RESULTS: Hydropower projects a 6% decrease for Europe by 2070, from 20% to 50% throughout the Mediterranean, and a reduction in usable capacity in most hydroelectric plants between 61% for the 2040 scenario– 2069 globally. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Globally, hydropower presents a broad vision of the advantages, and little said about the disadvantages and problems, and only there are specific studies that shown various project studied in a general way. It is shown that hydroelectric production has several implications in the face of the changing climate and impacts generated in ecosystems by the deployment of large infrastructures.
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Dávalos, Nelson Bernal, Saulo Rodrigues-Filho, and Gabriela Litre. "The impacts of the construction of hydroelectrics on indigenous communities. Displacement, division and pilgrimage among The Tuxá peoples of Bahia state, Brazil." Sustentabilidade em Debate 12, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v12n1.2021.36587.
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Due to the construction of the Itaparica Hydroelectric Plant in 1988, the Tuxás were displaced from their lands and resettled, generating internal conflicts and various socio-environmental impacts. Historically dedicated to agriculture and fishing, the resettlement of Tuxás changed their livelihoods, affecting nutrition and their relationship with their livelihoods. For those who still have access to fishing on the São Francisco River, the availability of fish has been reduced as a result of water polluting eutrophication, due to the disposal of sewage and fertilizers. The results include new elements, often disregarded, to reexplore the socio-environmental trade-offs of the installation of hydroelectric plants in Brazil. He concludes by proposing alternative perspectives (mainly from the bottom up), to rethink the delicate balance between economic progress driven by energy generation in Brazil and also the negative impact on the livelihood of the country's most vulnerable communities.
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Araújo, Claryana C., and John Y. Wang. "The dammed river dolphins of Brazil: impacts and conservation." Oryx 49, no. 1 (July 24, 2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000362.
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AbstractA major threat to river dolphins in Brazil is habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of the construction of hydroelectric dams. We examine the degree of overlap between the distributions of two river dolphin species (boto Inia geoffrensis and tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis) and hydroelectric projects and provide an initial quantification of impacts. The locations of dams were overlaid onto a map of the known distributions of the dolphins. Two types of impacts were evaluated: population fragmentation and effects on prey. For each of these a binary score (for absence or presence) was assigned for each dam. The sum of all impact scores for each dam, in each of the three watersheds in which dolphins are found, including realized and potential impacts, was calculated as the impact index. Thirteen dams affect the distribution of I. geoffrensis (as could a further three dams under construction and seven planned), and three dams affect S. fluviatilis (as could three under construction and two planned). Overall, the impact index was higher for I. geoffrensis than for S. fluviatilis. The Araguaia–Tocantins and North Atlantic watersheds have higher impact index values than the Amazon watershed. Although some impacts of damming could not be considered in this study, our approach was a rapid initial risk assessment that provided an overall understanding of how river dolphins are and may be affected by hydroelectric projects in Brazil. Our method may be applicable to other freshwater cetaceans and species facing similar threats when information about impacts is incomplete.
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Messerschmidt, Don. "An Opportunities-Based Approach to Mitigating Risks Associated with Infrastructure Development Projects." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 3 (May 26, 2009): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v3i0.1912.
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‘Risk' is a major point of focus in the literature on resettlement and reconstruction associated with the impacts of major infrastructure development on project affected individuals and families. Previous approaches to risk appear to emphasize the negative consequences of development, and it is no wonder then that project affected people often emphatically resist development and change. This paper proposes that a more pro-active, positive opportunities and benefits approach be taken in dealing with resettlement and reconstruction associated with large scale infrastructure projects. The discussion is focused on the eight ‘risk factors' (or ‘opportunity factors'?) listed in the well known ‘Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction' (IRR) Model. Three more such factors are added to the list based on field experience in South Asia. The point is that by emphasizing the potential opportunities and benefits, project affected people are more likely to be supportive of projects that may disrupt their lives. Key words: Resettlement, opportunities, risk, IRR model, South Asia, infrastructure development doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1912 Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 9-15
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Kumar, K. Anil, and Nagaraju Chikkala. "Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy and its Implementation: A Case Study of Indira Sagar Project in Andhra Pradesh, India." Applied Science and Innovative Research 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v6n1p21.
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After Independence to achieve rapid economic growth India has invested in various development projects to create new infrastructure. This has been made possible through massive acquisition of land for various development projects in the country. Development projects, such as hydropower, irrigation dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement. Number of people who have been displaced due to development projects are between 60-65 million. Of these displaced, over 50% are tribals. The High Level Tribal Committee Report 2014 reveals that tribal people are the worst sufferers by development projects, when compared to others. It is largely this group that is paying for the development of India. A majority of the displaced people have not been properly resettled or given adequate compensation. Improper implementation of rehabilitation and resettlement policy fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. With the above backdrop, the present paper discusses the issues related to implementation of rehabilitation and resettlement policy in India and united Andhra Pradesh. The paper also makes an attempt to assess and evaluate the implementation of the rehabilitation and resettlement policy of Indira Sagar project. It is an empirical study of Indira Sagar Project in Andhra Pradesh. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions tools were used to collect data from displaced community and with government officials. Research findings revealed various impacts experienced by households economically and socially.
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Cernea, Michael M. "IRR: An Operational Risks Reduction Model for Population Resettlement." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 1 (February 20, 2008): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v1i0.883.
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Abstract. The construction of hydropower dams and of other types of projects must plan also for the relocation of populations living in the project area, a process fraught with risks and difficulties. This paper describes an analytical, diagnostic, predictive, and planning tool for such projects, developed by the author, named the Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model. Derived from knowledge and lessons of many previous projects, this model can serve as predictor of risks and problems that will be encountered in forthcoming projects, and be used as guide in applying strategies to counter, overcome or mitigate these risks. Among these are the eight basic risks of impoverishment faced during displacement and resettlement, such as: 1) Landlessness; 2) Joblessness; 3) Homelessness; 4) Marginalization; 5) Food insecurity; 6) Increased morbidity and mortality; 7) Loss of access to common property resources; and 8) Community Disarticulation. Further, the counter-risks strategies and measures are ‘modeled’, to help early risk-elimination or risk-reduction actions.
The IRR Model is being used internationally. It was applied also in studies for Nepal’s Kali Gandaki project to monitor implementation and impacts, to explore what measures and management strategies can be employed against the common risks in resettlement, and to assist those affected in overcoming land or house loss and in deriving benefits from the project.
Key words: Risk model, resettlement, displacement, impoverishment, reconstruction
Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. I, Issue No. 1 (2007) pp. 35-39
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hai. "Business and Human Rights in Viet Nam." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01701004.
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This article explores how business activities have impacted on human rights in the energy industry by looking at the implications of the involuntary resettlements in hydro power dam projects in the affected communities in Viet Nam. It argues that despite the government’s consideration of hydropower as a main avenue to meet the need for energy demands with huge potential benefit for the national economy, the development of hydroelectric projects in Viet Nam has had certain human rights concerns. The risk for human rights violation may occur at any stage before, during and after the implementing of dam development projects. However, the most affected group is the displaced people as the result of the involuntary resettlement process. While the government has issued some policies, strategies and programmes to affected communities, these responses, however, were insufficient to adress concerns and lacked a human rights based approach. This article finds that the people and community being displaced due to the construction of the dam have been facing a number of human rights concerns, including the violation of particular rights such as the right to livelihood/food security, right to land, and the right to culture.
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Shannon, Murtah, Kei Otsuki, Annelies Zoomers, and Mayke Kaag. "Sustainable Urbanization on Occupied Land? The Politics of Infrastructure Development and Resettlement in Beira City, Mozambique." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093123.
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With this article we contribute to debates on urban land governance and sustainable urban development in Africa by providing an empirical analysis of forced displacement and resettlement associated with infrastructure development in Beira city, Mozambique. In recent years Beira has become the recipient of numerous investment flows targeting the built environment by a range of international investors. By analyzing the micropolitical engagements associated with three different infrastructure projects, based on extensive qualitative interviews, observations, and document analysis, we demonstrate how each intervention has been associated with highly informal and divergent processes of forced displacement and resettlement. We argue that these land related impacts have been annexed from debates on sustainable infrastructure development, and that they exhibit some fundamental differences from established resettlement research. We conclude by arguing that forced displacement and resettlement should be understood as a deliberate and systematic feature of urban infrastructure development, through which new social-spatial arrangements are created. This ultimately points to the emergence of a novel mode of fragmented urbanism within the context of urban development in Africa which poses new challenges to urban sustainability.
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MORAN, EMILIO F. "ROADS AND DAMS: INFRASTRUCTURE-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc256v1922016.
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Abstract From the construction of the Trans-Amazon Highway in the 1970's to the current construction of the third largest hydroelectric dam in the world at Belo Monte, the Brazilian Amazon has experienced the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects. When announced, all these projects purported to be the means to achieve progress, national integration, and economic development. The outcomes after several decades are less clear: national indebtedness, significant social and environmental impacts, and regional development taking second place to other goals such as energy production and national GDP. Solutions are suggested to reduce the negative impacts and achieve the goal of improved livelihoods and sustainable development without giving up on national development goals.
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Romero, Jose Andres Gomez, Martin Gerardo Martínez Rangel, Jose Alberto Hernández Aguilar, Adriana Valencia Valencia, José Carlos Alberto Ortíz Acle, Leonardo de Jesús Ramos Gutiérrez, and Hugo Armando Fragoso Cano. "Relationship between the main economic, environmental and social impacts of hydroelectric dams." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 66322–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-100.
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Hydroelectric power plants have been a growth tool to supply communities with water resources and electricity. In the last seven decades, large dams increased their environmental and social impacts, which caused the fragmentation and transformation of rivers. It is estimated that around 80 million people are displaced by its construction and operation; and its greatest impact comes from reservoirs by flooding large tracts of land permanently. In this sense, this study seeks to determine the relationship between the main economic, environmental and social impacts of the construction of hydroelectric power plants.It addresses the different non-participatory methods, such as secondary data, documents, records and databases were reviewed. From this information, principal component analysis, simple regression, correlations, multivariate and 3D dispersion graphs were performed. Once the different methods were applied, a significant correlation was identified between the variables of installed capacity and number of displaced people. The study concludes that natural resources are a source of attraction for people to settle around them, the water resource is of special interest, therefore, it is not strange that when establishing a hydroelectric project, there is invariably displacement of people in order to benefit a greater number of them through the generation of energy, prevent floods and droughts among other benefits, depending on the category that the dam have, as there are single purpose and multiple purpose. It is undeniable that there is a very strong correlation between the construction of dams and the economic development of a region, however, the correlation that exists between the construction of dams and the displacement of people is also undeniable, hence the importance of this study that is presented, since it allows having clearer economic, environmental and social perspectives that allow identify whether large hydroelectric project construction projects succeed or fail in their purpose of sustainable regional development.The results indicate that by increasing the installed capacity, there is a social impact as it will increase the displacement of people due to the construction or operation of hydroelectric power plants.
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Fujikura, Ryo. "Mitigating the impact of resettlement caused by infrastructure developments." Impact 2021, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.67.
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In developing countries, mass relocation caused by infrastructure projects such as the construction of large dams wreaks untold havoc on peoples' lives. Although such projects can be beneficial for economies in the long run, they naturally require large areas of land. This means that people are forced to move and these people are entitled to compensation. In order to mitigate the impact of resettlement and enable those who have been displaced to resume their lives, and even thrive, it is important to establish an understanding of the factors and outcomes present in relocations. This is particularly pressing given that as the need for more hydropower and water resources is on the rise due to a growing need for solutions to mitigate climate change and to meet growing food demend, more and more land is required to support this and more and more people are therefore being displaced. Professor Ryo Fujikura, Faculty of Sustainability Studies, Hosei University, Japan, is working to help develop policies and systems for resettling displaced people. For 13 years, he worked with people who have been displaced, recording their experiences and the outcomes from resettlements and he is now using this experience to provide guidance for future infrastructure projects. His research tends to target people who have been resettled for more than 20 years, as the process of resettlement has long-term impacts. Ultimately, he is keen to contribute to the concept of 'migration with dignity' of displaced people by sea level rising due to climate change, enabling them to successfully reconstruct their lives and, more than this, to flourish.
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Jiang, Tianhe, Mark Wang, Yingnan Zhang, Guoqing Shi, and Dengcai Yan. "What about the “Stayers”? Examining China’s Resettlement Induced by Large Reservoir Projects." Land 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020166.
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Large reservoir projects typically occupy vast lots of rural land and trigger resettlement on a massive scale. In China’s reservoir context, increasing concerns have arisen regarding distant-resettlees (those who are resettled outside the reservoir area), while fewer studies have examined the nearby-resettlees (those who are resettled near the original area) and the non-movers (those who do not resettle). The significance of these two groups has been downplayed and their populations are in the millions (or more) in China. How and why they are impacted is under-researched and their relative position and intergroup nexus with the distant-resettlees remains unclear in the existing literature. To address this research gap, this paper incorporates the differences between nearby-resettlees and non-movers and collectively refers to them as the “stayers” as they are left behind in reservoir areas. Based on the background of reservoir-induced resettlement in present-day China, and a review of the project-induced impacts, we use Danjiangkou Reservoir as a case study. The findings indicate that the stayers are largely disadvantaged in terms of land assets, housing conditions, finance, infrastructure, industrialisation, livelihood strategies, and emotional impact, while many distant-resettlees are less affected or positively impacted in these aspects. Through the lens of the political nature of reservoir-induced resettlements, we interpret the gaps between the distant-resettlees and stayers. Finally, domestic and global policy implications and further comments are presented.
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Tsuji, Stephen R. J., Dan D. P. McCarthy, and Stephen Quilley. "Green Energy—Green for Whom? A Case Study of the Kabinakagami River Waterpower Project in Northern Canada." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 9445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169445.
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Green energy has become a term that heralds efforts of environmental conservation and protection worldwide; however, much of it is marred with questions of what it means to be green. More precisely, it has become a question of Green for whom? While many of the impacts of supposed green energy projects are local in their reach, some may be more regional in their scope, such as hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power generation negatively impacts the environment and people who rely on the environment for sustenance, such as, Indigenous peoples of northern Canada. Taking into account their position with respect to the areas impacted by these green projects, many Indigenous peoples have voiced their concerns and doubts concerning green energy, which is purported to be a mode of energy production that champions the environment. The Kabinakagami River Waterpower Project serves as a case study for both the potential effects of the project and the different views associated with these endeavors. If nothing else, the accounts and testimonies found within shall stand as a testament to the hubris of calling an energy project green without properly assessing and considering the impacts. While these statements relate to the case presented, they also carry significance in the wider world due to the numerous Indigenous communities around the world that are having their spaces slowly being encroached upon in the name of sustainable growth, or green energy. This will especially be true in the post-COVID-19 period where green energy and a green economy are being touted as a way towards state and worldwide recovery.
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An, Hui, Wenjing Yang, Jin Huang, Ai Huang, Zhongchi Wan, and Min An. "Identify and Assess Hydropower Project’s Multidimensional Social Impacts with Rough Set and Projection Pursuit Model." Complexity 2020 (November 10, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9394639.
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To realize the coordinated and sustainable development of hydropower projects and regional society, comprehensively evaluating hydropower projects’ influence is critical. Usually, hydropower project development has an impact on environmental geology and social and regional cultural development. Based on comprehensive consideration of complicated geological conditions, fragile ecological environment, resettlement of reservoir area, and other factors of future hydropower development in each country, we have constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of hydropower projects, including 4 first-level indicators of social economy, environment, safety, and fairness, which contain 26 second-level indicators. To solve the problem that existing models cannot evaluate dynamic nonlinear optimization, a projection pursuit model is constructed by using rough set reduction theory to simplify the index. Then, an accelerated genetic algorithm based on real number coding is used to solve the model and empirical study is carried out with the Y hydropower station as a sample. The evaluation results show that the evaluation index system and assessment model constructed in our paper effectively reduce the subjectivity of index weight. Applying our model to the social impact assessment (SIA) of related international hydropower projects can not only comprehensively analyze the social impact of hydropower projects but also identify important social influencing factors and effectively analyze the social impact level of each dimension. Furthermore, SIA assessment can be conducive to project decision-making, avoiding social risks and social stability.
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Demarco, Carolina Faccio, Thays França Afonso, Patricia Damasceno Ribeiro, Cassia Brocca Caballero, Robson Andreazza, and Tirzah Moreira Siqueira. "Attributes and Magnitude of the Socio-Environmental Impacts in Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) of two small Hydroelectric Power Plants." Ciência e Natura 42 (May 11, 2020): e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40368.
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Both SHPs selected for this study SHP Cabuí (southeast of Minas Gerais state) and SHP Caiçara (northern Minas Gerais state) are located in low-income regions. This study aimed to evaluate the approach used to describe the socio-environmental impacts - through the analysis of attributes and magnitude of impacts - of these two projects and for this, consultations were carried out on the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) presented by these SHPs, as well as the technical opinions available on the website of the agency responsible for environmental licensing (IBAMA). It was verified that the socio-environmental approaches of the SHPs differed in some aspects. PCH Cabuí, whose previous license was deferred, used more attributes to describe the socioeconomic impacts and the explanation of the impact assessment was more detailed and easy to understand, while the EIS of the Caiçara SHP (previous license rejected) was more succinct in its attributes for the description of the socioeconomic impacts, not adequately presenting the valuation and meaning of its impacts. There is also evidence of the need to improve public participation in both projects.
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Fauziah, Annisa Nur, Ahmad Zaki Arifin, and Dwi Susanto. "How to Manage Residual Impacts of Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries." Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Management 5, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35166/jipm.501.0021.
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Infrastructure projects in developing countries are crucial to improve the interconnectivity and equality of national economic development. However, infrastructure projects may lead to social impacts. For example, land acquisition may cause involuntary resettlement that may impact the livelihoods of Project-Affected People (PAP).The land is a critical resource for infrastructure development and the government has established regulations to stipulate land acquisition mechanisms and mitigate the social impacts. However, in practice, social impacts on PAP are usually insufficiently mitigated. Based on applicable regulation, the cost for land acquisition must be calculated with fair compensation, considering both physical and economic losses. It is common that residual impacts remain as some aspects are not fully counted such as: post-land acquisition life management and sustainability of life for squatters without legal ownership assets and are usually left behind. On the other hand, investors have concern with this risk as it can affect investment value and project sustainability. Here, we propose thoughts of improvements for a better practice of land acquisition mechanism and Institutional arrangement with a case study in Indonesia. The proposed improvement is expected to achieve a win-win solution for Project Proponent and PAP by minimizing the economic losses and increasing the benefits shared between land users and the affected communities. This paper also highlights the importance of Stakeholders 'engagement on effective management of the residual impact of land for infrastructure development in Indonesia. In this case, Stakeholders include Regulators, Project Proponent, Financiers, Local Government, NGOs, and other relevant stakeholders).
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Kamakia, Antony, Shi Guoqing, and Mohammad Zaman. "Development Projects and the Economic Displacement of Urban Micro-Enterprises in Nairobi City, Kenya." International Journal of Global Sustainability 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v2i1.12446.
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The 21st century has been much associated with globalization and infrastructure booms. These factors have led to accelerated urban renewal projects, tailored to accommodate urban growth in many Countries. For Kenya, numerous urban renewal projects are in the pipeline, under the auspices of blueprints such as the Nairobi Urban Transport Master Plan (2014-2030). Recently, Kenya has also upgraded its land acquisition and displacement framework to manage development projects with enormous land acquisition, among other reasons. The framework apportions different entitlements to both formal and informal PAPs displaced by development projects. The question, however, is the effectiveness of the framework, as concerns economic displacement of vulnerable informal micro-enterprises. This paper is a culmination of research undertaken on the displaced informal micro-enterprises during the expansion of outer ring road in Nairobi, Kenya. A sample of 210 of the 615 displaced micro-enterprises was selected using systematic random sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative research techniques are utilized. Results indicate that even though the project had adequate income and livelihood restoration components, they were non-prioritized hence negative impacts and outcomes to the dislocated micro-enterprises. The major recommendation is that Kenya should adopt resettlement with development where resettlement is carried out as a separate development project lasting more than ten years. Also, the micro-enterprise and DIDR frameworks can be strategically linked to deliver synergetic outputs. The international finance Institutions such as World Bank can also assist in the highlighted aspects, during this period when they are fortifying Country systems for DIDR across the World.
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Koval-Fuchylo, Iryna. "Protesting Retrospectively: Oral Memories and Social Practices of Migrants from the Areas of Artificial Water Reservoirs in Soviet Ukraine." FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 25, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v25i1.18332.
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Between the 1920s and the 1980s, Soviet Ukraine saw six large hydroelectric power plants constructed on the Dnipro River and one on the Dnister River. (1) The projects necessitated the creation of artificial water reservoirs, resulting in the destruction of a large number of old villages. The residents of these places were forcibly resettled. In the 1960s and 1970s, a time period that constitutes the main focus of this paper, the only form of protest to forcible resettlement was defiance: according to the state plan, while people were required to demolish their houses and build new ones in a specially designated place, many did not. Any other form of protest was dangerous in a totalitarian state. The weakening and further collapse of the Soviet regime altered the political climate, and Ukraine has since witnessed numerous expressions of discontent in the forms of strikes, rallies, collective statements, etc. These experiences led to a rethinking of the Soviet past and a search for protest where it previously had not existed. The present article focuses on narratives and social events that serve as creative responses to the forcible resettlement. It shows that these forms of protest have emerged as a result of changing perceptions of the feasibility of hydropower and an understanding of the losses caused by the flooding of forests, pastures, and farmlands. The present case study illustrates that protests, typically associated with immediate response to political events, can sometimes form retrospectively, and can be directly shaped by the processes of the formation and traditionalization of memory.
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Paisley, Richard, Riley Denoon, Theressa Etmanski, and Patrick Weiler. "Transboundary Waters, Infrastructure Development and Public Private Partnership." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 2, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 1–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340008.
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AbstractGovernments increasingly look to the private sector for the financing, design, construction, and operation of infrastructure projects, and as a result, public-private partnerships (ppps) have emerged as a valuable source for investment funds and expertise. ppps involving new uses of transboundary waters require giving particular attention to the huge potential for environmental and social impacts. This monograph examines what ppps are and how they, and environmental and social ‘safeguards,’ function in a transboundary waters context and with each other. This examination is undertaken through the prism of the Nam Theun 2 and Xayaburi hydroelectric power projects in Lao pdr. This monograph discusses and draws some important lessons from these ppps contractual arrangements, costs, financing, and risk mitigation, for ppps to be contemplated in other transboundary waters contexts.
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Gibeau, P., B. M. Connors, and W. J. Palen. "Run-of-River hydropower and salmonids: potential effects and perspective on future research." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 7 (July 2017): 1135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0253.
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The spatial footprint of individual run-of-river (RoR) hydropower facilities is smaller than reservoir-storage hydroelectric projects and their impacts to aquatic ecosystems are often assumed to be negligible. However, these effects are poorly understood, especially for salmonids whose freshwater habitat often overlaps with RoR hydropower potential. Flow regulation for RoR hydropower is unique in how it influences the seasonality and magnitude of flow diversion and because low-head dams can be overtopped at high flows. Based on a review of the primary literature, we identified three pathways of effects by which RoR hydropower may influence salmonids: reduction of flow, presence of low-head dams impounding rivers, and anthropogenic flow fluctuations. We synthesized empirical evidence of effects of RoR hydropower on river ecosystems from 31 papers, of which only 10 explicitly considered salmonids. We identified key research gaps including impacts of extended low-flow periods, anthropogenic flow fluctuations, and cumulative effects of multiple RoR projects. Filling these gaps is necessary to help manage and conserve salmonid populations in the face of the growing global demand for small-scale hydropower.
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Rodrigues, Marcos Mascarenhas Barbosa, and Maria Madalena de Aguiar Cavalcante. "Impacts of the Belo Monte Dam on the artisanal fishermen of Colony Z-57, in Altamira, PA, Brazil." Terr Plural 16 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.16.2219495.015.
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The trauma that resulted from the construction of large hydroelectric dams in the Amazon is marked by major social and environmental restructuring, plunder, and impacts, on Indigenous Lands, Conservation Units, and residents on the outskirts of cities or through the country roads. In general, the effects caused by the Belo Monte HPP gain prominence and production, in which one of them composes the objective of this article: to analyze the impacts on the fishing territory. Having as methodological path the bibliographic review, field, and relative work with the fishermen of the Fishing Colony Z-57. It appears that the installation of the plant ended up deleteriously altering the systemic and cultural relations, under which the fishing territory is expressed. Compromising it, translating into low fishing stocks in the communities; a decrease of up to 70% in fisheries production and, consequently, an increase in pain and economic costs for carrying out the activity. It was evident that the legal frameworks and the licensing instruments, all the judicialization resulting from these infrastructure projects, and the struggle imposed on their installation, were not capable of safeguarding the interests of society - fishermen, specifically - in the face of the despoliation effect of the construction of the hydroelectric dam on the fishing territory.
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Souza-Cruz-Buenaga, F. V. A., S. A. Espig, T. L. C. Castro, and M. A. Santos. "Environmental impacts of a reduced flow stretch on hydropower plants." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 3 (September 2019): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.183883.
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Abstract In Brazil, given its privileged hydrology, the unexplored economic use of water resources has many dimensions, such as hydroelectric power. This energy will face increasingly rigorous social and environmental impact assessments (40% of potential is located in the Amazon region). Hydropower inventory studies conducted over decades, with solutions such as ecological river flows, that flood smaller areas and reduce natural river flows modifications, are being reviewed. The river extension from dam to the point where the waters are returned after the powerhouse is known as the Reduced Flow Stretch (RFS). Even mega-projects, such as the 11.3 GW Belo Monte dam, are designed with deviating flows reaching an astounding 13,000 m 3/s (excavated material higher than Panama Canal). RFS requires to be carefully studied to achieve appropriate ecological flows, since RFS flows increased reduces the plant's electricity production to the same installed capacity. Balancing RFS requirements and hydroelectric power remains a challenge and, clearly, there is no consensus. Here, we performed an analysis of the main environmental impacts caused by RFS requirements, considering the multiple water use specific for each dam site. The natural variability of river flows provides diversity of habitats and maintains the richness and complexity of biological communities. Therefore, the present study has great ecological, social and economic relevance, since proper evaluation of the RFS requirements avoids potential destabilization of biological communities and even loss of biodiversity. This type of arrangement was more common in dams located in headwaters of rivers, as in the slopes of the Andes mountain range, and in regions like the Alps. There are many hydroelectric plants in South America and Europe that have this type of arrangement of engineering works. But the times are different and the environmental impacts have to be better evaluated. A final aspect also involves the maintenance of ecological flows downstream of dams. Regularization reservoirs need to keep downstream, even if they do not have a TVR, adequate flows that represent minimally the seasonality of the river, with floods and droughts, that propitiate the maintenance of the ecosystems downstream. There are cases such as the Sobradinho Plant in the São Francisco River that has been much questioned in this regard, especially when the climate is changing in the basin, with long periods of drought, and with increasing water use. So this is a very important and increasingly current issue.
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Sambhoo, Kalyani P., Sanjay S. KAdam, and Ashok W. Deshpande. "Rule Based Fuzzy Indexing for Grading of proposed Industrial Sites for Power Plant Installation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 7 (August 30, 2013): 1836–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i7.3215.
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The problem of site selection in an indefinite environment has gained overriding importance in recent years. In case of selection of a site for the construction of new hazardous power plants have attained significance due to a variety of reasons. The authors believe that the issue of site selection for an upcoming, say, a power plant installation based only on Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study could be inadequate. Therefore, there is a need to look beyond EIA process, and suggest poilcy makers a set of useful mathematical techniues with an objective to rank the sites for such installtions. EIA is aimed at identifying the possible impacts of Industrial development activities on the existing Environment. This method begins with initial screening to check if it may result in negative impacts on the Environment. Scoping determines which components to include in the initial screening phase. Many components considered in the process cannot be measured precisely (e.g., response to public involvement programs, willingness for resettlement, possible effects on economy, social acceptance etc.,). In order to process this vague and subjective information, we have applied Fuzzy Indexing with a Rule base to check the suitability of a site for Thermal, Hydroelectric, Nuclear and Gas based Power Plant installations and classify them as v. Good, ˜Good, ˜Fair and Poor and finally grade them.
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Arriagada, Pedro, Bastien Dieppois, Moussa Sidibe, and Oscar Link. "Impacts of Climate Change and Climate Variability on Hydropower Potential in Data-Scarce Regions Subjected to Multi-Decadal Variability." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142747.
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To achieve sustainable development of hydroelectric resources, it is necessary to understand their availability, variability, and the expected impacts of climate change. Current research has mainly focused on estimating hydropower potential or determining the optimal locations for hydropower projects without considering the variability and historical trends of the resources. Herein, the hydropower potential variability from reconstructed streamflow series estimated with a non-parametric gap-filling method and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques are analyzed. The relationships between hydropower and large-scale climate variability, expressed by sea surface temperature, are explored. Finally, we project hydropower potential through 2050 using 15 global circulation models with representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5. We used four watersheds in central Chile as a case study. The results show significant interannual and inter-basin hydropower potential variability, with decreasing trends over time modulated by alternating positive and negative decadal trends; these modulations exhibit greater intensities than the general trends and are attributable to climatic oscillations such as El Niño. Future scenarios indicate high hydropower availability and a possible over-investment in hydroelectric plants in two of the four studied watersheds. Results show the need to improve the current policies that promote hydropower development including hydropower resource variability in order to achieve optimal, sustainable hydropower development worldwide.
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BIRRO, SHEYLA OLIVIA GROFF, JURANDYR LUCIANO SANCHES ROSS, and JOÃO BATISTA PEREIRA CABRAL. "ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY IN THE AREA OF DIRECT INFLUENCE OF THE ESPORA HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT IN CORRENTE RIVER, GOIÁS, BRAZIL." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, no. 22 (December 30, 2021): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2021.22.006.
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In recent decades, the construction of reservoirs (Small Hydroelectric Centrals and Hydroelectric Power Plants) in hydrographic basins has caused several changes in the landscape, making it necessary to evaluate the synergistic and cumulative effects resulting from the environmental impacts caused by the set of hydroelectric projects. Changes in natural components can result in a loss of system functionality and disruption of its state of balance, which can be assessed through environmental fragility. In this sense, the present work aimed to identify and evaluate the areas with the highest and lowest degree of Potential Fragility and Emerging Fragility, in a delimitation of the influence area of the Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) located on the border of the municipalities of Serranópolis and Aporé/GO, Brazil . The methodological procedure adopted is that of environmental fragility through the relationship between soil factors, declivity, geology/geomorphology, precipitation and land use. As a result, the predominance of Laterite, sandy and medium texture soils was detected in lands that went from flat to wavy, occupied by extensive pastures and monoculture. The study area was classified for potential fragility in 3.1% - very low, 46.8% - low, 49.5% - average and 0.6 as high potential fragility based on the relationship of soil, slope and climate factors. However, the emerging fragility showed that the use of land had a significant impact on the rates, mainly in agricultural areas, increasing the fragility, characterized in 19.9 - low, 42.4% - average, 17.6 - high fragility. It was noted also that very low emergent fragility increased due to the presence of vegetation cover highlighted in the land use map.
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Kamakia, Antony, Shi Guoqing, Mohammad Zaman, and Zhou Junbi. "Financing for Development and Socio-Ecological Transitions: A Review of Chinese Investments in Kenya." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v7i2.12561.
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Kenya has adopted a comprehensive development path to accelerate and create suitable conditions for sustainable development as outlined in the “Vision 2030.” A key strategy is the catalytic role of bilateral loans and finances which have increased in manifolds over the years. However, a growing and critical discourse has emerged about the social-ecological sustainability in the Chinese-financed development projects, within the context of China-Africa engagement policy. China is playing significant role in the economic growth of developing countries and in particular, critical investments in productive sectors. This paper examines the development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) framework and explores the social-ecological impacts and outcomes of some selected Chinese-financed projects in Kenya. The paper also examines the various social-ecological guidelines and standards issued by Chinese authorities over-time, for their overseas investments and operations. It concludes that contemporary Chinese-financed development and investments in Kenya are resulting in increasing, improving and sustainable social-ecological outcomes.
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Singto, Chakaphon, Martijn de Vries, Gert Jan Hofstede, and Luuk Fleskens. "Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Reservoir Construction Projects for Different Stakeholders Using Agent-Based Modeling." Water Resources Management 35, no. 3 (February 2021): 1047–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02771-0.
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AbstractReservoir construction projects are frequently met with fierce opposition. Consequently, to mitigate any potential negative impacts, environmental and social impact assessments are usually mandatory. Stakeholder perspectives are often only implicit in such assessments, and the medium-term effects of mitigating actions are assessed at the aggregate level, which fails to take into account unequal disaggregated impacts. In this paper, we design and apply an agent-based model (ABM) built on stakeholder information to conduct an ex ante assessment of the impact of a reservoir construction project in southern Thailand over a 30-year period for individual agents. We incorporate stakeholders’ knowledge into the ABM on the basis of primary data collected during the 2016–2018 period, including workshops with affected farmers to assess their interests and concerns, in-depth interviews with farmers in nearby districts to assess farming behaviors, and the expert opinions of policymakers to assess the relevant regulations and processes. In a case study for which the model was established, the results predict that, overall, farmers will have more farm income if the dam is built. We find that affected people require a standard of living similar to that provided by their previous livelihood as soon as possible after resettlement. By simulating the impacts on individual agents, we conclude that the compensation for relocation offered to affected farmers is not sufficient for sustainable resettlements. Facilitating compensation may increase the speed of project implementation and lead to better outcomes for everyone, including affected communities, whereas failure to reshape the current compensation policy leaves everyone more disadvantaged.
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Sendra, Juraj, and Julio Rodolfo González Gutiérrez. "La imposición de un modelo energético neoliberal: los complejos Oxec y Renace en territorio maya q’eqchi’." Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional, no. 60 (December 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr09.
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This article discusses the socio-ecological impacts of the privatization and extractivist development model that has been imposed in Guatemala since the 1990s, in the regional context of the Puebla-Panama Plan. Specifically, it analyses the case of the Oxec and Renace hydroelectric complexes in Alta Verapaz. Built on the rivers Cahabón and Ox-eek’, sacred to the Mayan Q’eqchi’ peoples these projects directly undermine the economic and cultural life of communities. By the way they are imposed, they violate the right to consultation of indigenous peoples, destroy the community social fabric, and lead to great conflict materialized in aggression, criminalization and the deepening of sexist relations. Finally, the article raises awareness of the work of indigenous organizations and resistances in defending their rights and territory.
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Castro, Marcia C., Gary R. Krieger, Marci Z. Balge, Marcel Tanner, Jürg Utzinger, Maxine Whittaker, and Burton H. Singer. "Examples of coupled human and environmental systems from the extractive industry and hydropower sector interfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (October 24, 2016): 14528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605678113.
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Large-scale corporate projects, particularly those in extractive industries or hydropower development, have a history from early in the twentieth century of creating negative environmental, social, and health impacts on communities proximal to their operations. In many instances, especially for hydropower projects, the forced resettlement of entire communities was a feature in which local cultures and core human rights were severely impacted. These projects triggered an activist opposition that progressively expanded and became influential at both the host community level and with multilateral financial institutions. In parallel to, and spurred by, this activism, a shift occurred in 1969 with the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act in the United States, which required Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for certain types of industrial and infrastructure projects. Over the last four decades, there has been a global movement to develop a formal legal/regulatory EIA process for large industrial and infrastructure projects. In addition, social, health, and human rights impact assessments, with associated mitigation plans, were sequentially initiated and have increasingly influenced project design and relations among companies, host governments, and locally impacted communities. Often, beneficial community-level social, economic, and health programs have voluntarily been put in place by companies. These flagship programs can serve as benchmarks for community–corporate–government partnerships in the future. Here, we present examples of such positive phenomena and also focus attention on a myriad of challenges that still lie ahead.