Academic literature on the topic 'Reservoirs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Reservoirs"
1
Khaydarov, Aziz, Tursunoy Apakxujayeva, and Dinislam Atakulov. "Influence of geographical location on reservoir vegetation formation." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340101013.
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The paper provides information on the vegetation cover area on the reservoir bottom. In the growing shortage of water resources, one of the important tasks is to improve methods for estimating reservoir volume. The vegetation cover of reservoirs influences the quality of the water supply. While the bottom of some reservoirs is drained, this bottom is covered with vegetation, but this trend is not observed in all reservoirs. The Talimarjan and Charvak reservoirs were selected as study sites. As a method, spatial data were selected that were collected using GIS. The results have shown that when the Talimarjan Reservoir is impounded, a considerable part of the reservoir is covered by vegetation of different species, while the bottom of the Charvak Reservoir remains without vegetation. The intensity of eutrophication processes in the reservoir may cause excess nutrients and change the reservoir’s water quality in the near future. To prevent such a situation, reducing the number of plants in the reservoir and increasing water exchange is necessary.
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Iqbal, Khairul, Moh Abduh, and ,. Variadi. "Simulation of Multi Reservoir Operation Rules with Interconnected Tunnel and Water Transfer." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.12.2.32532.
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The multi-reservoir operation rules require accuracy in developing its technical parameters. This is done to prevent operational failure in one of the reservoirs. The water transfer concept is to manage the water resources distribution between the receiving watershed and the donor watershed. The availability of transferable water must be prioritized, meeting the water demand of the donor reservoir. Storage capacity in both reservoirs aims to meet water demand, especially in the recipient. The elevation of the interconnecting tunnel is the minimum limit for water use in simulation. The interconnected tunnels' location and capacity will determine the multi-reservoir's operation rule. The interconnected tunnel in the Rukoh Tiro reservoir transfers water in the operation of the two reservoirs. The simulation is carried out in three seasons, considering the inflow of each watershed, the reservoir's downstream water demand, and the reservoir's technical conditions. The simulation results of the Rukoh Tiro reservoir operated simultaneously in all three seasons show that the fulfillment of irrigation water demand can reach 100% as needed. The water transfer process through interconnected tunnels occurs throughout the year. The reservoir operating rule is expected to be a reference in the multi-reservoir operation to obtain an optimal reservoir operating rule.
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Fitriana, Indri Rahmandhani, Djoko Legono, and Heriantono Waluyadi. "Reservoir sedimentation regime analysis: case study of Kedungombo reservoir and Sermo reservoir." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.35978.
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The Kedungombo and the Sermo Reservoirs have problems in fulfilling basic services because of sedimentation. Sedimentation that occurs in each of the reservoirs would form a specific reservoir sedimentation pattern that is supposed to be similar because the hydrology and physiography conditions of the reservoir's catchment area are similar. This study aims to determine the dynamics of sedimentation patterns that occur in the dead storage for reviewing the characteristics/sedimentation regime of the two reservoirs. The analysis was carried out by processing bathymetrical data which were processed into a digital terrain model (DTM) using ArcGIS. Furthermore, the storage volume, sedimentation volume, storage percentage, and specific reservoir sedimentation rate are calculated. The results showed that the two reservoirs showed an increase in sedimentation volume each year so that the reservoir characteristic curve shifted from the plan graph. The dead storage capacity of Kedungombo Reservoir is 100% in 1989 to 43% in 2016 and 100% of Sermo Reservoir in 1997 to 58% in 2011. The specific reservoir sedimentation rate, i.e. 0.0031 and 0.0042 million m3/year/km2 for the Kedungombo Reservoir (between 1989 and 2016) and the Sermo Reservoir (between 1997 and 2011) respectively, indicating that the two reservoirs are in the same regime
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Li, Shuangshuang, Junli Li, Weibing Du, Shuaiqi Liu, Haoyu Wang, and Jingyu Jin. "Combining Satellite Images and the Hydraulic Engineering Archive to Map the Processes of Reservoir Construction in Xinjiang." Remote Sensing 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16020328.
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Reservoirs are essential hydraulic facilities for water resource allocation in Xinjiang. Since the 1950s, many reservoirs have been constructed for oasis water resource utilization in Xinjiang, enhancing the storage capacity of water resources. There are a few intact and open reservoir archives containing both geolocations and hydraulic attributes, such as the reservoir completion year, which can facilitate our understanding of the correlation between hydraulic engineering and oasis expansion. This paper mapped all the reservoirs of Xinjiang using Sentinel-2 MSI images from 2022. It associated their attributes with the reservoir’s extent, such as the capacity, area, complete year, altitude, etc., by consulting historical almanac data to establish a full elemental dataset with both geographic and attribute information. Furthermore, the spatial variability and historical process of the reservoirs were discussed against geomorphic information and oasis evolution. The results showed that 804 reservoirs were mapped cumulatively in Xinjiang up to 2022, and 1960–1980 and 2005–2010 are the rapidly developed periods. The construction history of the reservoirs indicates that reservoirs’ locations have the spatial tendency to shift from being in oasis plain areas to mountainous areas, and the newly built reservoirs showed a trend of miniaturization in area and maximization in volume.
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Valluri, Manoj Kumar, Jimin Zhou, Srikanta Mishra, and Kishore Mohanty. "CO2 Injection and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Ohio Oil Reservoirs—An Experimental Approach to Process Understanding." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236215.
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Process understanding of CO2 injection into a reservoir is a crucial step for planning a CO2 injection operation. CO2 injection was investigated for Ohio oil reservoirs which have access to abundant CO2 from local coal-fired power plants and industrial facilities. In a first of its kind study in Ohio, lab-scale core characterization and flooding experiments were conducted on two of Ohio’s most prolific oil and gas reservoirs—the Copper Ridge dolomite and Clinton sandstone. Reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure, and oil–water relative permeability were measured prior to injecting CO2 under and above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of the reservoir. These evaluations generated reservoir rock-fluid data that are essential for building reservoir models in addition to providing insights on injection below and above the MMP. Results suggested that the two Ohio reservoirs responded positively to CO2 injection and recovered additional oil. Copper Ridge reservoir’s incremental recovery ranged between 20% and 50% oil originally in place while that of Clinton sandstone ranged between 33% and 36% oil originally in place. It was also deduced that water-alternating-gas injection schemes can be detrimental to production from tight reservoirs such as the Clinton sandstone.
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Zhou, Tianqi, Hongqi Yuan, Fengming Xu, and Rigen Wu. "Tight Sandstone Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors: Outcrops of the Shanxi Formation, Liujiang River Basin, North China." Energies 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104127.
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Tight sandstone reservoirs are of interest due to their potentially favorable prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. A better understanding of tight sandstone outcrop reservoir characteristics and their influencing factors is thus needed. By laboratory observation, thin section analysis, and experimental analysis, the current work carried out a detailed investigation of densely sampled tight sandstone outcrops of the Shanxi Formation in the Liujiang River Basin, paving the way for further research on rock types, reservoir spatial distribution, physical properties, and their key controlling factors. The application of the Pressure Pulse Attenuation Method made it possible to determine the porosity and permeability, as well as the analysis of debris composition and filling content. The findings indicate that the main rock type of the tight sandstone outcrop reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation in the Liujiang River Basin is lithic quartz sandstone, some of which contains fine sand-bearing argillaceous siltstone, giving them very low porosity (average porosity of 4.34%) and low permeability (average permeability of 0.023 mD) reservoirs. Secondary pores—mostly dissolved pores among and in grains—are widely developed in the target region. In addition, diagenesis primarily includes mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. The main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the target region are sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonics, whereby sedimentation affects reservoir physical properties that become better as the clast size increases, reservoir properties are negatively impacted by compaction and cementation, and reservoir properties are somewhat improved due to dissolution and the impact of tectonism. In addition, the tilt of the crust will produce faults during the tectonic action, generating reservoir cracks that improve the reservoir’s physical properties. This study tends to be helpful in the prediction of high-quality reservoirs in the Permian Shanxi Formation in North China and can also be used for analogy of high-quality reservoirs in similar areas with complete outcrops.
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LIU, YANFENG, YUETIAN LIU, LU SUN, and JIAN LIU. "MULTISCALE FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIERARCHICAL HETEROGENEITY IN SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS." Fractals 24, no. 03 (August 30, 2016): 1650032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x16500328.
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Heterogeneities affecting reservoirs often develop at different scales. Previous studies have described these heterogeneities using different parameters depending on their size, and there is no one comprehensive method of reservoir evaluation that considers every scale. This paper introduces a multiscale fractal approach to quantify consistently the hierarchical heterogeneities of sandstone reservoirs. Materials taken from typical depositional pattern and aerial photography are used to represent three main types of sandstone reservoir: turbidite, braided, and meandering river system. Subsequent multiscale fractal dimension analysis using the Bouligand–Minkowski method characterizes well the hierarchical heterogeneity of the sandstone reservoirs. The multiscale fractal dimension provides a curve function that describes the heterogeneity at different scales. The heterogeneity of a reservoir’s internal structure decreases as the observational scale increases. The shape of a deposit’s facies is vital for quantitative determination of the sedimentation type, and thus enhanced oil recovery. Characterization of hierarchical heterogeneity by multiscale fractal dimension can assist reservoir evaluation, geological modeling, and even the design of well patterns.
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Jin, Jiaxu, Hongyue Zhang, Liang Xu, Kelin Zhou, and Xiangfeng Lv. "Stability Analysis of Downstream Dam Expansion Tailings Pond." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1809736.
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The buildup of tailings in China has expanded dramatically with economic development and industrial demand, and the safety of tailings reservoirs has become increasingly serious. Due to the difficulty in finding a new reservoir site, the expansion approach of building a new tailings dam downstream of the original reservoir area was investigated. The stability of the tailings reservoir after expansion was calculated using the traditional dynamic and static stability solution method and taking into account the unpredictability of dam construction materials and tailings material parameters in the reservoir area. The results reveal that throughout the tailings accumulation process in the new reservoir, the tailings will build a back pressure slope at the original reservoir’s initial dam, which can considerably improve the original reservoir’s dynamic and static stability. The Monte Carlo method clearly outperforms older methods for tailing pond stability analysis. The results of this paper’s calculations will give a theoretical foundation and practical reference for the later management and maintenance of such tailings reservoirs, as well as fresh ideas and insights for comparable projects due to limited site selection.
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Su, Chang, Gang Zhao, Yee-Chung Jin, and Wanju Yuan. "Semi-Analytical Modeling of Geological Features Based Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using the Boundary Element Method." Minerals 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060663.
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The objective of this work is to innovatively apply the boundary element method (BEM) as a general modeling strategy to deal with complicated reservoir modeling problems, especially those related to reservoir heterogeneity and fracture systems, which are common challenges encountered in the practice of reservoir engineering. The transient flow behaviors of reservoirs containing multi-scale heterogeneities enclosed by arbitrarily shaped boundaries are modeled by applying BEM. We demonstrate that a BEM-based simulation strategy is capable of modeling complex heterogeneous reservoirs with robust solutions. The technology is beneficial in making the best use of geological modeling information. The governing differential operator of fluid flow within any locally homogeneous domain is solved along its boundary. The discretization of a reservoir system is only made on the corresponding boundaries, which is advantageous in closely conforming to the reservoir’s geological description and in facilitating the numerical simulation and computational efforts because no gridding within the flow domain is needed. Theoretical solutions, in terms of pressure and flow rate responses, are validated and exemplified for various reservoir–well systems, including naturally fractured reservoirs with either non-crossing fractures or crossing fractures; fully compartmentalized reservoirs; and multi-stage, fractured, horizontal wells with locally stimulated reservoir volumes (SRVs) around each stage of the fracture, etc. A challenging case study for a complicated fracture network system is examined. This work demonstrates the significance of adapting the BEM strategy for reservoir simulation due to its flexibility in modeling reservoir heterogeneity, analytical solution accuracy, and high computing efficiency, in reducing the technical gap between reservoir engineering practice and simulation capacity.
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Chang, S. P., and S. M. Chuang. "Eutrophication study of twenty reservoirs in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0331.
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Taiwan is an island off the southeastern coast of China with total area of roughly 36,000 km2. The geographic position of Taiwan is between 21° 45′ 25″ to 25° 56′ 31″ north latitude and 119° 18′ 3″ to 124° 34′ 30″ east longitude and includes both tropical and subtropical areas. The study was carried out at twenty main reservoirs in Taiwan area from 1994 to 1998. The study revealed that the water quality of most reservoirs gradually deteriorated during the study period. Total phosphorus concentrations over 60 μg/L were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 22.2% of these reservoirs in 1998. Total nitrogen concentrations over 1.0 mg/L were observed in 37.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 94.4% of these reservoirs in 1998. Secchi disc transparency below 2 m was observed in 75% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 83.3% of these reservoirs in 1998. Chlorophyll a concentrations over 15 mg/m3 were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 27.8% of these reservoirs in 1998. The TN:TP mass ratios (wt/wt) of all the studied reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir are higher than 16. The study results on nutrient limitation indicated that phosphorus is the primary limiting nutrient in Taiwan reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reservoirs"
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AlBinHassan, Nasher M. "Reservoir properties prediction in carbonate reservoirs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5922.
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Prediction of fluid pressure before drilling, using geophysical methods helps the industry a lot in saving human life, drilling hazards, and equipments.There are several geophysical methods available to predict the fluid pressure before drilling but the most commonly used in the industry are those based on seismic velocities. However, seismic velocities methods are applied on clastic reservoirs with the assumptions that the pressure mechanism is due to mechanical compaction. A major exploration challenge is to successfully predict the presence of high pressure zones in the carbonate reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs have a more complicated internal structure than clastic reservoirs. The main objective of this study is to predict the carbonate reservoir properties such as porosity and fluid pressure. The new prediction methods that I used in this thesis are called the artificail intelligent algorithms. These algorithms are better than the conventional geophysical methods because of their ability to explore complex relationships between the input seismic attributes and the predicted properties. The algorithms include artificial neural networks and group methods of data handling. Empirical equations from seismic prediction methods were used to transform velocities to fluid pressure. High resolution velocites (wavefrom tomography) proved that better prediction can be achieved when using better input velocity. The velocity methods performed a nice prediction when used with clastic seismic data but proved to give unreliable results when used with the carbonate seismic data. This was because of the difficult internal structure of carbonate reservoirs. The neural network methods proved that they are robust in clustering and segmenting the input carbonate seismic data. The usage of more input seismic attributes made the neural network methods better than the conventional velocity methods. Also, this gave the neural network methods more information about the same physical reservoir property. Among the different seismic attributes used in the experiment, seismic inversion and coherence attributes showed good reaction to high pressure zones. Porosity results from the supervised neural network method were used as a guide to the unsupervised neural network method to predict fluid pressure. The group method of data handling algorithm is performed here for the first time with seismic data to predict the reservoir properties. The new method showed faster and easier prediction than the neural network methods. The automation of the new method yields to better porosity and pore pressure prediction.
2
Whaballa, Ala. "Reservoir simulation and well testing of compartmentalized reservoirs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1493.
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Dickey, Richard Jason Bayne David Roberge. "Oligotrophication effects following diversion of waste effluent from an embayment of Lake Martin, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/DICKEY_RICHARD_7.pdf.
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Seth, Siddhartha. "Increase in surface energy by drainage of sandstone and carbonate." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1221730011&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Duruewuru, Anthony U. "Thermodynamic analysis of transient two-phase flow in oil and gas reservoirs /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1985.
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PETER, COSTANZO. "Capturing reservoir production uncertainty for channelized reservoirs using channel amalgamation indexes." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2644036.
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One of the main concerns in reservoir studies is to accurately define the internal architecture and the geological characteristics of the reservoir so as to estimate the amount of hydrocarbons that could be recovered for a given development strategy. This can represent a major challenge especially during the appraisal stage of a reservoir, because the information available is still very limited, or in the presence of geological heterogeneities, which increase the architectural complexity and the uncertainty associated to the internal description, such as in channelized depositional settings. At the appraisal stage of a reservoir study, all the uncertainties affecting the quantity and distribution of hydrocarbons in the reservoir should be captured and accounted for in the evaluation of the final hydrocarbon recovery to properly assess the viability of any development plan.
A typical modeling workflow accounting for geological uncertainties consists in creating a large set of 3-D stochastic geological (static) models from a set of geological input parameters. Subsequently, a few representative reservoir realizations are selected out of this set based on the calculated hydrocarbons originally in place and simulated to estimate future production so as to propagate the uncertainty onto the final recovery factors. However, even in homogeneous reservoirs, the estimation of the hydrocarbon stored in the reservoir can be affected by uncertainties because it is calculated mostly from local petrophysical parameters, which might not be representative of the rock properties at the reservoir scale. This especially applies to channelized reservoirs characterized by depositional elements with high geological heterogeneity, both in the lateral and in the vertical directions. Thus for these depositional settings a more attractive criterion for the model selection is offered by the study of the connectivity layout of the reservoir elements.
In the technical literature, connectivity is defined through numerical indexes that account for geological connectivity between reservoir elements, which might not be indicative of reservoir production performance. In fact, the latter is influenced by the degree of connectivity among sand bodies and only deep merging of the channels guarantees that the reservoir can be efficiently drained by just a few wells. Therefore, in the first place, the present study was aimed at thoroughly investigating the validity of the indexes previously proposed in the technical literature by evaluating the reservoir production uncertainty associated to sets of synthetic equi-probable models of channelized oil reservoirs. Secondly, the goal of the research was to develop new indexes to express the channel connectivity, capable of incorporating information on the quality of the connectivity through the evaluation of channel amalgamation. When applied to the same set of reservoir equi-probable realizations, these indexes proved that a more effective selection of the geological realizations can be made to capture the uncertainty affecting the forecasted reservoir production performance.
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Seetha, Ram Katakam V. "Conjunctive And Multipurpose Operation Of Reservoirs Using Genetic Algorithms." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/222.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal operation of reservoir systems is necessary for better utilizing the limited water resources and to justify the high capital investments associated with reservoir projects. However, finding optimal policies for real-life problems of reservoir systems operation (RSO) is a challenging task as the available analytical methods can not handle the arbitrary functions of the problem and almost all methods employed are numerical or iterative type that are computer dependent. Since the computer resources in terms of memory and CPU time are limited, a limit exists for the size of the problem, in terms of arithmetic and memory involved, that can be handled. This limit is approached quickly as the dimension and the nonlinearity of the problem increases.
In encountering the complex aspects of the problem all the traditionally employed methods have their own drawbacks. Linear programming (LP), though very efficient in dealing with linear functions, can not handle nonlinear functions which is the case mostly in real-life problems. Attempting to approximate nonlinear functions to linear ones results in the problem size growing enormously. Dynamic programming (DP), though suitable for most of the RSO problems, requires exponentially increasing computer resources as the dimension of the problem increases and at present many high dimensional real-life problems can not be solved using DP. Nonlinear programming (NLP) methods are not known to be efficient in RSO problems due to slow rate of convergence and inability to handle stochastic problems. Simulation methods can, practically, explore only a small portion of the search region. Many simplifications in formulations and adoption of approximate methods in literature still fall short in addressing the most critical aspects, namely multidimensionality, stochasticity, and additional complexity in conjunctive operation, of the problem. As the problem complexity increases and the possibility of arriving at the solution recedes, a near optimal solution with the best use of computational resources can be very valuable. In this context, genetic algorithms (GA) can be a promising technique which is believed to have an advantage in terms of efficient use of computer resources.
GA is a random search method which find, in general, near optimal solutions using evolutionary mechanism of natural selection and natural genetics. When a pool of feasible solutions, represented in a coded form, are given fitness according to a objective function and explored by genetic operators for obtaining new pools of solutions, then the ensuing trajectories of solutions come closer and closer to the optimal solution which has the greatest fitness associated with it. GA can be applied to arbitrary functions and is not excessively sensitive to the dimension of the problem. Though in general GA finds only the near optimal solutions trapping in local optima is not a serious problem due to global look and random search.
Since GA is not fully explored for RSO problems two such problems are selected here to study the usefulness and efficiency of GA in obtaining near optimal solutions. One problem is conjunctive operation of a system consisting of a surface reservoir and an aquifer, taken from the literature for which deterministic and stochastic models are solved. Another problem is real-time operation of a multipurpose reservoir, operated for irrigation (primary purpose) and hydropower production, which is in the form of a case study.
The conjunctive operation problem consists of determining optimal policy for a combined system of a surface reservoir and an aquifer. The surface reservoir releases water to an exclusive area for irrigation and to a recharge facility from which it reaches the aquifer in the following period. Another exclusive area is irrigated by water pumped from the aquifer. The objective is to maximize the total benefit from the two irrigated areas. The inflow to the surface reservoir is treated as constant in deterministic model and taken at 6 different classes in stochastic model. The hydrological interactions between aquifer and reservoir are described using a lumped parameter model in which the average aquifer water table is arrived at based on the quantity of water in the aquifer, and local drawdown in pumping well is neglected. In order to evaluate the GA solution both deterministic and stochastic models are solved using DP and stochastic DP (SDP) techniques respectively. In the deterministic model, steady state (SS) cyclic (repetitive) solution is identified in DP as well as in GA. It is shown that the benefit from GA solution converges to as near as 95% of the benefit from exact DP solution at a highly discounted CPU time.
In the stochastic model, the steady state solution obtained with SDP consists of converged first stage decisions, which took a 8-stage horizon, for any combination of components of the system state. The GA solution is obtained after simplifying the model to reduce the number of decision variables. Unlike SDP policy which gives decisions considering the state of the system in terms of storages, at reservoir, aquifer, and recharge facility, and previous inflow at the beginning of that period, GA gives decisions for each period of the horizon considering only the past inflow state of the period. In arriving at these decisions the effect of neglected state information is approximately reflected in the decisions by the process of refinement of the decisions, to conform to feasibility of storages in reservoir and aquifer, carried out in a simplified simulation process. Moreover, the validity of the solution is confirmed by simulating the operation with all possible inflow sequences for which the 8-stages benefit converged up to 90 % of the optimum. However, since 8 stages are required for convergence to SS, a 16-stage process is required for GA method in which the first 8 stages policy is valid. Results show that GA convergence to the optimum is satisfactory, justifying the approximations, with significant savings in CPU time.
For real-time operation of a multipurpose reservoir, a rule curve (RC) based monthly operation is formulated and applied on a real-life problem involving releases for irrigation as well as power production. The RC operation is based on the target storages that have to be maintained, at each season of the year, in the reservoir during normal hydrological conditions. Exceptions to target storages are allowed when the demands have to be met or for conserving water during the periods of high inflows. The reservoir in the case study supplies water to irrigation fields through two canals where a set of turbines each at the canal heads generate hydropower. A third set of turbines operate on the river bed with the water let out downstream from the dam. The problem consists of determining the the RC target storages that facilitate maximum power production while meeting the irrigation demands up to a given reliability level. The RC target storages are considered at three different levels, corresponding to dry, normal, and wet conditions, according to the system state in terms of actual (beginning of period) storage of the reservoir. That is, if the actual beginning storage of the reservoir is less than some coefficient, dry-coe, times the normal target storage the target for the end of the period storage is taken at the dry storage target (of the three sets of storages). Similarly the wet level is taken for the end of the period target if the actual beginning storage is greater than some coefficient, wet-coe, times the normal storage. For other conditions the target is the normal storage level.
The dry-coe and wet-coe parameters are obtained by trial and error analysis working on a small sequence of inflows. The three sets of targets are obtained from optimization over a 1000 year generated inflow sequence. With deterministic DP solutions, for small sequences of inflows, the optimization capability of GA-RC approach, in terms of objective function convergence, and generalization or robustness capability of GA-RC approach, for which the GA-RC benefit is obtained by simulating the reservoir operation using the previously obtained GA-RC solution, are evaluated. In both the cases GA-RC approach proves to be promising. Finally a 15 year real-time simulation of the reservoir is carried out using historical inflows and demands and the comparison with the historical operation shows significant improvement in benefit, i.e. power produced, without compromising irrigation demands throughout the simulation period.
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Seetha, Ram Katakam V. "Conjunctive And Multipurpose Operation Of Reservoirs Using Genetic Algorithms." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/222.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal operation of reservoir systems is necessary for better utilizing the limited water resources and to justify the high capital investments associated with reservoir projects. However, finding optimal policies for real-life problems of reservoir systems operation (RSO) is a challenging task as the available analytical methods can not handle the arbitrary functions of the problem and almost all methods employed are numerical or iterative type that are computer dependent. Since the computer resources in terms of memory and CPU time are limited, a limit exists for the size of the problem, in terms of arithmetic and memory involved, that can be handled. This limit is approached quickly as the dimension and the nonlinearity of the problem increases.
In encountering the complex aspects of the problem all the traditionally employed methods have their own drawbacks. Linear programming (LP), though very efficient in dealing with linear functions, can not handle nonlinear functions which is the case mostly in real-life problems. Attempting to approximate nonlinear functions to linear ones results in the problem size growing enormously. Dynamic programming (DP), though suitable for most of the RSO problems, requires exponentially increasing computer resources as the dimension of the problem increases and at present many high dimensional real-life problems can not be solved using DP. Nonlinear programming (NLP) methods are not known to be efficient in RSO problems due to slow rate of convergence and inability to handle stochastic problems. Simulation methods can, practically, explore only a small portion of the search region. Many simplifications in formulations and adoption of approximate methods in literature still fall short in addressing the most critical aspects, namely multidimensionality, stochasticity, and additional complexity in conjunctive operation, of the problem. As the problem complexity increases and the possibility of arriving at the solution recedes, a near optimal solution with the best use of computational resources can be very valuable. In this context, genetic algorithms (GA) can be a promising technique which is believed to have an advantage in terms of efficient use of computer resources.
GA is a random search method which find, in general, near optimal solutions using evolutionary mechanism of natural selection and natural genetics. When a pool of feasible solutions, represented in a coded form, are given fitness according to a objective function and explored by genetic operators for obtaining new pools of solutions, then the ensuing trajectories of solutions come closer and closer to the optimal solution which has the greatest fitness associated with it. GA can be applied to arbitrary functions and is not excessively sensitive to the dimension of the problem. Though in general GA finds only the near optimal solutions trapping in local optima is not a serious problem due to global look and random search.
Since GA is not fully explored for RSO problems two such problems are selected here to study the usefulness and efficiency of GA in obtaining near optimal solutions. One problem is conjunctive operation of a system consisting of a surface reservoir and an aquifer, taken from the literature for which deterministic and stochastic models are solved. Another problem is real-time operation of a multipurpose reservoir, operated for irrigation (primary purpose) and hydropower production, which is in the form of a case study.
The conjunctive operation problem consists of determining optimal policy for a combined system of a surface reservoir and an aquifer. The surface reservoir releases water to an exclusive area for irrigation and to a recharge facility from which it reaches the aquifer in the following period. Another exclusive area is irrigated by water pumped from the aquifer. The objective is to maximize the total benefit from the two irrigated areas. The inflow to the surface reservoir is treated as constant in deterministic model and taken at 6 different classes in stochastic model. The hydrological interactions between aquifer and reservoir are described using a lumped parameter model in which the average aquifer water table is arrived at based on the quantity of water in the aquifer, and local drawdown in pumping well is neglected. In order to evaluate the GA solution both deterministic and stochastic models are solved using DP and stochastic DP (SDP) techniques respectively. In the deterministic model, steady state (SS) cyclic (repetitive) solution is identified in DP as well as in GA. It is shown that the benefit from GA solution converges to as near as 95% of the benefit from exact DP solution at a highly discounted CPU time.
In the stochastic model, the steady state solution obtained with SDP consists of converged first stage decisions, which took a 8-stage horizon, for any combination of components of the system state. The GA solution is obtained after simplifying the model to reduce the number of decision variables. Unlike SDP policy which gives decisions considering the state of the system in terms of storages, at reservoir, aquifer, and recharge facility, and previous inflow at the beginning of that period, GA gives decisions for each period of the horizon considering only the past inflow state of the period. In arriving at these decisions the effect of neglected state information is approximately reflected in the decisions by the process of refinement of the decisions, to conform to feasibility of storages in reservoir and aquifer, carried out in a simplified simulation process. Moreover, the validity of the solution is confirmed by simulating the operation with all possible inflow sequences for which the 8-stages benefit converged up to 90 % of the optimum. However, since 8 stages are required for convergence to SS, a 16-stage process is required for GA method in which the first 8 stages policy is valid. Results show that GA convergence to the optimum is satisfactory, justifying the approximations, with significant savings in CPU time.
For real-time operation of a multipurpose reservoir, a rule curve (RC) based monthly operation is formulated and applied on a real-life problem involving releases for irrigation as well as power production. The RC operation is based on the target storages that have to be maintained, at each season of the year, in the reservoir during normal hydrological conditions. Exceptions to target storages are allowed when the demands have to be met or for conserving water during the periods of high inflows. The reservoir in the case study supplies water to irrigation fields through two canals where a set of turbines each at the canal heads generate hydropower. A third set of turbines operate on the river bed with the water let out downstream from the dam. The problem consists of determining the the RC target storages that facilitate maximum power production while meeting the irrigation demands up to a given reliability level. The RC target storages are considered at three different levels, corresponding to dry, normal, and wet conditions, according to the system state in terms of actual (beginning of period) storage of the reservoir. That is, if the actual beginning storage of the reservoir is less than some coefficient, dry-coe, times the normal target storage the target for the end of the period storage is taken at the dry storage target (of the three sets of storages). Similarly the wet level is taken for the end of the period target if the actual beginning storage is greater than some coefficient, wet-coe, times the normal storage. For other conditions the target is the normal storage level.
The dry-coe and wet-coe parameters are obtained by trial and error analysis working on a small sequence of inflows. The three sets of targets are obtained from optimization over a 1000 year generated inflow sequence. With deterministic DP solutions, for small sequences of inflows, the optimization capability of GA-RC approach, in terms of objective function convergence, and generalization or robustness capability of GA-RC approach, for which the GA-RC benefit is obtained by simulating the reservoir operation using the previously obtained GA-RC solution, are evaluated. In both the cases GA-RC approach proves to be promising. Finally a 15 year real-time simulation of the reservoir is carried out using historical inflows and demands and the comparison with the historical operation shows significant improvement in benefit, i.e. power produced, without compromising irrigation demands throughout the simulation period.
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Raza, Arshad. "Reservoir Characterization for CO2 Injectivity and Flooding in Petroleum Reservoirs, offshore Malaysia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57524.
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Reservoir characterization of the Malaysian gas reservoir for CO2 storage is carried out at preliminary and comprehensive level to provide insight into the storage capacity, injectivity, trapping mechanisms (structural, capillary, dissolution, and mineral), and containment. Screening tools are proposed in this study for the selections of reservoir, injection well, and injection zone along with CO2 residual trapping novel method, experimental assessment of compaction effect and numerical modeling scheme to improve the reservoir characterization.
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Cantero, Pérez Jon. "Papel de las células inmunes residentes en la mucosa cervicovaginal ante las infecciones de transmisión sexua." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669603.
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Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) tienen una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial y pueden causar graves consecuencias tanto a hombres como a mujeres, incluyendo infertilidad, abortos y malformaciones del recién nacido. La principal vía de entrada de estas infecciones es la mucosa genital, la cual está vigilada por las células inmunitarias que allí residen. En la presente tesis hemos caracterizado in situ el papel de estas células frente a dos ITS: clamidia y VIH, utilizando para ello el modelo de explante cervicovaginal, consistente en la manipulación y el cultivo de tejido cervical de donantes.
En el caso de la clamidia, hemos estudiado compuestos sintéticos derivados de la α-galactosilceramida (αGC, glicolípidos) con el objetivo de identificar aquellos más prometedores como adyuvantes en una futura vacuna contra este patógeno, centrándonos para ello en la generación de una respuesta inmunitaria tipo Th1, caracterizada por la secreción de interferón-γ. Estos glicolípidos activan las células iNKT, una pequeña población capaz de iniciar la respuesta inmune al interactuar con diferentes tipos celulares tanto innatos como adaptativos. Tras caracterizar el efecto de estos compuestos sobre diferentes poblaciones inmunitarias de la mucosa genital femenina, examinamos su papel protector frente a la infección por clamidia en células HeLa (línea celular originaria del epitelio cervical). Paralelamente, también analizamos su efecto durante la infección ex vivo del tejido con VIH. Pese a todos estos enfoques, no hemos identificado ningún compuesto que suponga una mejora con respecto a la αGC en el control de estas infecciones.
En el caso del VIH, hemos estudiado el papel de los linfocitos T CD4+ de memoria residentes (TRM) en el tejido cervical como reservorios del VIH. Tras fenotipar en detalle esta población, caracterizada por la expresión de CD69, hemos visto que se encuentra enriquecida en algunos marcadores asociados con una mayor susceptibilidad al virus (especialmente la fracción que también expresa CD32), por lo que podría ser una de sus primeras dianas. La infección ex vivo del tejido mostró que las células TRM presentaban mayores niveles de infección productiva (p24) y de ADN viral que las CD69-. Además, dentro de estas TRM, las CD32+ contenían todavía mayores cantidades de ADN viral. El análisis de tejido cervical de pacientes VIH+ en tratamiento antirretroviral reveló una disminución de la población CD4+ TRM en comparación al tejido de donantes sanas. Con respecto a la sangre, el tejido de estas pacientes presentó entre 4 y 200 veces más cantidad de ADN viral, confirmando que se trata de un importante reservorio del virus. Dicho ADN se encontró mayoritariamente en las células TRM (>93%), y en algunos casos contenía incluso genomas intactos del virus. Por último, detectamos ARN viral en el cérvix de pacientes VIH+ tanto virémicas como virológicamente suprimidas, que en algunos casos se localizaba en regiones enriquecidas en CD69 o en el epitelio (y, por tanto, TRM). Así, podemos concluir que las TRM suponen un importante reservorio viral en el tejido cervicovaginal, por lo que cabe esperar que suceda lo mismo en diferentes tejidos debido a su amplia distribución por el organismo. Por este motivo, las nuevas estrategias dirigidas a eliminar los reservorios del virus deberían prestar especial atención a esta población.Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have a high prevalence globally and affect both men and women, causing serious consequences like infertility, aborts or newborn malformations. These diseases are mainly acquired during sexual intercourses through the genital mucosal. For this reason, we analysed the role of mucosal resident immune cells against them, focusing in two of the most prevalent infections: chlamydia and HIV. To perform an in situ analysis, we established the cervicovaginal explant model, which consists in the manipulation and culture of cervical tissue and allows to perform several immunological readouts. Concerning chlamydia, we studied several synthetic derivatives from a glycolipid known as α-galactosylceramide (αGC) in order to identify the most promising ones according to their capacities as adjuvants in a future vaccine against this pathogen. To do so, we focused in the generation of a Th1 response as it is well described that this profile, characterized by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, is the most effective in controlling Chlamydia trachomatis infection. These glycolipids activate iNKT cells, a small subset that causes a general activation of the immune system by interacting with both innate and adaptive immune populations. After an extensive characterization of the effect of these compounds over different cervical immune subsets, we evaluated the protection that these compounds offer against chlamydial infection in HeLa cells (an epithelial cell line obtained from cervical tissue). Also, we studied their effect during the ex vivo HIV infection of the tissue. Despite all these approaches, we did not identify any compound better than the original αGC in controlling these infections. Concerning HIV, we analysed the role of resident memory T CD4+ lymphocytes (TRM) present at the cervicovaginal mucosa as HIV-1 reservoirs. After an extensive phenotyping analysis we concluded that this subset, characterized by the expression of CD69, is enriched in several markers associated with a higher susceptibility to HIV infection (especially the fraction that also expresses CD32), indicating that it could be a preferential target of the virus. Ex vivo infection of the tissue showed that TRM cells harboured higher levels of productive infection (measured in terms of p24 antigen) and viral DNA than the CD69- fraction. Indeed, CD32-expressing TRM displayed even higher DNA levels. CD4+ TRM cells were diminished in cervical tissue from HIV+ patients under antiretroviral treatment in comparison to healthy donors. This tissue exhibited 4- to 200-fold more viral DNA compared to contemporary blood, confirming that it represents an important HIV reservoir. Specifically, TRM cells accounted for more than 93% of the viral DNA and moreover, in some cases we were able to detect intact genomes. Finally, we were also able to detect viral ARN in cervical tissue from viremic and aviremic HIV+ patients, which occasionally was located in CD69-enriched regions or in the epithelium (corresponding to TRM phenotypes). In conclusion, we showed that TRM cells represent an important HIV reservoir in cervicovaginal tissue, so they should be taken into account when designing strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs as they are widely distributed through different tissues.
Books on the topic "Reservoirs"
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A, Beaumont E., Foster Norman H, and American Association of Petroleum Geologists., eds. Reservoirs. Tulsa, Okla., U.S.A: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1987.
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Morozova, O. G. Print︠s︡ipy optimizat︠s︡ii kachestva vody vodoema-okhladiteli︠a︡ Berezovskoĭ GRĖS-1 dli︠a︡ tekhnologicheskikh t︠s︡eleĭ i akvakulʹtury: Monografii︠a︡. Krasnoi︠a︡rsk: Sibirskiĭ federalʹnyĭ universitet, 2011.
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Ferrari, R. L. (Ronald L.) and United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, eds. Caballo Reservoir: 1999 sedimentation survey. Denver, Colo: Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Water Resources Services, Technical Service Center, 2000.
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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, ed. Shadehill Reservoir: 1993 sedimentation survey. Denver, Colo: Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Water Resources Services, Technical Service Center, 1995.
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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, ed. Caballo Reservoir 2007 sedimentation survey. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Water and Environmental Resources Division, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, 2008.
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V, Kirillov V., and Andri︠u︡k A. A, eds. Vodoem-okhladitelʹ Kharanorskoĭ GRĖS i ego zhiznʹ. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Sibirskogo otd-nii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoi ̆akademii nauk, 2005.
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Izbicki, John A. Water depth and thickness of sediment in reservoirs 1 and 2, Framingham and Ashland, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, ed. Folsom Lake, 2005 sedimentation survey. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, 2007.
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Geological Survey (U.S.) and Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority, eds. Sedimentation survey of Toa Vaca, Puerto Rico, June-July 2002. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004.
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Sharon, Nuanes, United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, and United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Water Supply, Use and Conservation Group, eds. Millerton Lake: 2004 survey. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Water Resources Services, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Water Supply, Use and Conservation Group, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Reservoirs"
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Archer, J. S., and C. G. Wall. "Reservoirs." In Petroleum Engineering, 7–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9601-0_2.
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Eslamian, Saeid, Ali Reza Gohari, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, and Negin Sadeghi. "Reservoirs." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_236-1.
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James, Laurence B., and George A. Kiersch. "Reservoirs." In Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation, 722–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0857-7_24.
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Eslamian, Saeid, Ali Reza Gohari, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, and Negin Sadeghi. "Reservoirs." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 746–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_236.
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Chapman, Deborah. "Reservoirs*." In Water Quality Assessments, 369–412. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003062103-8.
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Tate, Naoya. "Quantum-Dot-Based Photonic Reservoir Computing." In Photonic Neural Networks with Spatiotemporal Dynamics, 71–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5072-0_4.
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AbstractReservoir computing is a novel computational framework based on the characteristic behavior of recurrent neural networks. In particular, a recurrent neural network for reservoir computing is defined as a reservoir, which is implemented as a fixed and nonlinear system. Recently, to overcome the limitation of data throughput between processors and storage devices in conventional computer systems during processing, known as the Von Neumann bottleneck, physical implementations of reservoirs have been actively investigated in various research fields. The author’s group has been currently studying a quantum dot reservoir, which consists of coupled structures of randomly dispersed quantum dots, as a physical reservoir. The quantum dot reservoir is driven by sequential signal inputs using radiation with laser pulses, and the characteristic dynamics of the excited energy in the network are exhibited with the corresponding spatiotemporal fluorescence outputs. We have presented the fundamental physics of a quantum dot reservoir. Subsequently, experimental methods have been introduced to prepare a practical quantum dot reservoir. Next, we have presented the experimental input/output properties of our quantum dot reservoir. Here, we experimentally focused on the relaxation of fluorescence outputs, which indicates the characteristics of optical energy dynamics in the reservoir, and qualitatively discussed the usability of quantum dot reservoirs based on their properties. Finally, we have presented experimental reservoir computing based on spatiotemporal fluorescence outputs from a quantum dot reservoir. We consider that the achievements of quantum dot reservoirs can be effectively utilized for advanced reservoir computing.
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Zhang, Yu, Xiaodong Wang, Zhixiang Min, Shiqiang Wu, Xiufeng Wu, Jiangyu Dai, Fangfang Wang, and Ang Gao. "Adaptive Regulation of Cascade Reservoirs System Under Non-stationary Runoff." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 985–1000. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_88.
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AbstractUnder the influence of climate change and human activities, the spatial and temporal distribution of river runoff has changed. The statistical characteristics of runoff such as mean, variance and extreme values have changed significantly. Hydrological stationarity has been broken, deepening the uncertainty of water resources and their utilization. Hydrological stationarity is a fundamental assumption of traditional water resources planning and management. The occurrence of non-stationarity will undoubtedly have an impact on the operation and overall benefits of reservoirs, and may even threaten the safety of reservoirs and water resources. There is uncertainty as to whether reservoirs can operate safely and still achieve their design benefits under the new runoff conditions. Therefore, it is important to carry out adaptive regulation of reservoirs in response to non-stationary runoff. Based on the multi-objective theory of large system, a multi-objective joint scheduling model of the terrace reservoir group is constructed for adaptive regulation simulation. A set of combination schemes based on optimal scheduling, flood resource utilization, water saving is constructed. The adaptive regulation is validated using a real-world example of the Xiluodu cascade and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs system in Yangtze River, China. The adaptive regulation processes are analyzed by simulation and the adaptive regulation effects are evaluated. The results show that the non-stationary runoff in upper Yangtze River has had an impact on the comprehensive benefits of large hydropower projects. The use of non-engineering measures to improve flood resource utilization, adjust upstream water use behavior and optimize reservoir scheduling are effective means to reduce the negative impact of non-stationary runoff on cascade reservoirs system.
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Trimble, S. W., B. Wilson, Reginald Herschy, Bijan Dargahi, Hubert Chanson, Reginald W. Herschy, Reginald W. Herschy, et al. "Reservoirs, Multipurpose Use of Small Reservoirs." In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 662–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_234.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Animal Reservoirs." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_194-2.
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Michel, Friedel. "Cryogenic Reservoirs." In Green Energy and Technology, 311–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69925-5_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Reservoirs"
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Khan, Moin Uddin, and Jeffrey Guy Callard. "Reservoir Management in Unconventional Reservoirs." In SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/130146-ms.
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Cipolla, Craig L., Elyezer Lolon, James C. Erdle, and Barry Rubin. "Reservoir Modeling in Shale-Gas Reservoirs." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/125530-ms.
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Guehria, Fawzi M., Shareen Yawanarajah, and Mahieddine Touami. "Reservoir Characterization of Fractured Cambrian Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96955-ms.
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Baker, Richard O., and Frank Kuppe. "Reservoir Characterization for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/63286-ms.
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Alrassan, A. I., A. A. Al-Turki, and T. M. Al-Zahrani. "Data-Driven Approaches for Quick Performance Assessment of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23944-ms.
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Abstract Hydrocarbon reservoir's heterogeneity, production, injection and aquifer support play a unique role into how field strategies are developed knowing key reservoir properties (e.g. drainage volumes, reservoir energy, rock properties, decline analysis, etc.). Alanood et al. (2022) illustrated applications of Fast Marching Method (FMM) in assessing reservoir performance, identifying reservoir patterns and anomalies from production/injection data, and predicting the reservoir response when considering modeling uncertainty for model calibration. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous work to include more field development controls like voidage replacement, infinite acting reservoirs, and performance prediction of new proposed producers or injectors. The proposed approach in this work is to extend the physics-aware data-driven approach, that uses the diffusive time-of-flight (DTOF) to determine the pressure disturbance caused by production/injection wells to help in comprehending the impact on field development. The previous work by Alanood et al. (2022) is extended to account for voidage replacement, pressure maintenance and infinite acting reservoirs. In addition, this approach has been extended to predict the performance (e.g., rates, bottom-hole pressure and plateau) of proposed injection and production wells to give a quick insight about their performance prior to running the full-physics reservoir simulators. Thus, will give a better understanding in describing the transient flow. That is in addition to helping in inferring faults existence, fracture networks and inter-well connectivity. In this work, SPE10 and NORNE benchmark models were used to test and validate the approach. The results show that this date-driven approach was able to match historical and predicted performance of the reservoirs and wells. The data-driven algorithms were able to generate pressure maps resembling the ones obtained from the full-physics reservoir for infinite acting reservoir models for the first few years before it starts to deviate. They also were able to predict rates and flowing bottom-hole pressure of injectors and producers to up to 80% when compared to reservoir simulation. In addition, several blind tests of placing injectors and producers revealed that the algorithms are capable of capturing the reservoir's pressure changes and wells performance in finite and infinite acting reservoirs. The extended work of the physics-aware data-driven approach using the DTOF is a reliable approach to monitor reservoir pressure in the finite and infinite acting reservoirs (e.g., aquifer support and pressure maintenance injection). It also demonstrated the ability to predict the performance of existing and newly proposed wells to great accuracy. The approach provides a quick assessment of wells and reservoir performance given a certain field development strategy.
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Reeves, Scott, and Larry Pekot. "Advanced Reservoir Modeling In Desorption-Controlled Reservoirs." In SPE Rocky Mountain Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71090-ms.
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Shedid, S. A., and R. A. Almehaideb. "Enhanced Reservoir Description of Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2001-009.
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Markou, N., and P. Papanastasiou. "3D Geomechanical Reservoir Modelling in Faulted Reservoirs." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-167.
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Abstract In this study, we present a three-dimensional (3D) geomechanical reservoir model for a faulted and compartmentalized reservoir in the Eastern Mediterranean. A series of alternative production scenarios performed using a simulation model that accounts for consolidation and plasticity deformation of the rocks. Plastic yielding is mainly developed in fault slip zones of narrow extent whereas it appears that there is low risk of plastic behavior in the main reservoir. The slip conditions become complex in the fault contact surfaces where local areas close to fault connections are more pronounced to slip creating localized areas of smaller faulted zones. Displacement magnitudes, are controlled by the structural boundary conditions and the geometrical shape of each fault block. Overall, the higher displacements develop in the near fault region while in the remote from the fault area the vertical displacement is nearly constant as it is clearly governed by the reservoir depletion. Furthermore, changes of normalized permeability can be drawn in the 3D space providing additional insights of heterogeneous distribution. Introduction Petroleum geomechanics become important in reservoirs highly impacted by faults mechanics and overpressure zones. An operator has to well define the fault structural geometry of the field and assess early in the producing life of a reservoir whether production will be affected by the presence of naturally occurring fractures though some faults and fractures cannot be identified even at the early stages of a field production. Reservoir depletion increases the stress carried by the load-bearing grain frame of the reservoir rock. Stress analysis can be extended to identify rock failure conditions that can lead to the creation of new faulted systems in the subsurface formations. Geomechanics play an important role in identifying the stress conditions in a faulted reservoir system and the potential of slip activation of an existing fault. Extensive accounts on the importance of reservoir geomechanics can be found in the classical books of Fjaer et al., (2008) and Zoback, (2010). Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the tectonic movement to match borehole observations (Plumb et al., 1998).
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Akram, Agha Hassan, Lawrence A. P. Camilleri, and Aamir Badr. "Production Forecasting in Heterogeneous Reservoirs Without Reservoir Simulation." In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/139696-ms.
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Al-Alqum, Wael, Parvez Jamil Butt, Mohan Javalagi, Tareq Al-Zahrani, Umer Khan, Abdalla Laota, and Aklesh Jain. "Geosteering in Thin Reservoirs for Maximum Reservoir Contact." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/12372-abstract.
Full textReports on the topic "Reservoirs"
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Hall, Joshi, and Ding. GRl-93-0024 Critical Performance Parameters for Horizontal Well Applications in Gas Storage Reservoirs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011314.
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This report identifies, classifies, and illustrates the importance of a number of reservoir, operational, and well design parameters that are likely to strongly influence horizontal well performance in gas storage reservoirs. The objective of this project was to provide guidelines for the gas storage industry to identify and evaluate potential candidate reservoirs for horizontal drilling, and thereby increase the likelihood of success of implementing horizontal wells in gas storage reservoirs. The technical approach entailed investigating critical performance parameters to determine horizontal well suitability for different reservoir types, sensitivity analysis of reservoir parameters, reviewing historical drilling costs for different horizontal drilling methods, and evaluating alternative completion options. The two most critical reservoir performance parameters are the reservoir thickness and vertical to horizontal permeability ratio.
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Morris, Gregory, Travis Dahl, Marielys Ramos-Villanueva, James Leech, and Meg Jones. Sustainable sediment management at US Army Corps of Engineers reservoirs. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46470.
Full textAbstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) maintains and operates 419 reservoirs nationwide for diverse purposes. This infrastructure is essential to the nation’s continued economic progress and provides numerous benefits. Sedimentation in reservoirs causes the loss of storage capacity, leading to interference with operations, reduction of project benefits, and eventual rendering of project operation technically infeasible or uneconomical. All reservoirs trap sediment, and sustainable long-term operation can be achieved only if sedimentation is managed. With many of the USACE reservoirs now reaching 50 years of age, sedimentation is starting to encroach on the beneficial pools. Under the paradigm of sustainable use, it is important to identify and implement strategies to sustain reservoir operation in the long term, beyond the period contemplated in the original project design life. This report outlines the major types of sediment management strategies available for reservoirs. Because the rate of new reservoir construction by USACE is very low, this report focuses on remedial strategies at existing reservoirs and presents a general methodology for the preliminary analysis of such sites. This report examines four example USACE reservoirs with known sedimentation issues to highlight the types of problems encountered and the development of strategies that can lead to sustainable use.
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Kelkar, B. G. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/29382.
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Kelkar, B. G. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6031180.
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Martin, F. D., A. Ouenes, W. W. Weiss, and A. Chawathe. Reservoir management applications to oil reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/269032.
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Hernandez-Abram, Darixa D., Susan E. Bailey, and S. Kyle McKay. Environmental Effects of Sediment Release from Dams : Conceptual Model and Literature Review for the Kansas River Basin. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44880.
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Passing sediment from reservoirs to downstream channels is a potential solution to aging infrastructure and reservoir storage capacity loss, which is a pressing challenge nationwide. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) sediment management actions at reservoirs such as flushing may drive ecological changes that may be beneficial or detrimental to downstream ecosystems. However, these potential effects are currently not well understood or documented. An exploratory study of the potential ecological effects of releasing sediment downstream from reservoirs is presented in this technical note (TN). We focus on Tuttle Creek Reservoir in Kansas and use fish species as indicators of ecological change. A literature review of Kansas fishes was conducted and three conceptual models illustrating potential benefits or negative effects of releasing sediment downstream of Tuttle Creek Reservoir was developed. Some fish species may benefit from sediment releases, while others may be negatively affected. Further research and tools are needed to develop a greater understanding of these effects.
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Kelkar, M. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian Sandstone Reservoirs. Annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34258.
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Kelkar, M. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115871.
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Foh. GHHEN6P Risk Assessment and Decision Process for Delta-Pressuring of Natural Gas Storage Reservoirs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010935.
Full textAbstract:
Delta-pressuring of gas storage reservoirs is a means to economically increase storage capacity to meet increasing gas demand in a given locale. This process of increasing the operating pressure of a reservoir to levels not used before poses some risks. A risk-based decision tool is presented for helping technical and business managers in the overall decision process by estimating the relative risks associated with delta pressuring for specific reservoirs, and comparing the risk cost to the economic benefits of delta pressuring.
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Tavakoly, Ahmad, Joseph Gutenson, James Lewis, Michael Follum, Adnan Rajib, W. LaHatte, and Chase Hamilton. Daily RAPID streamflow and reservoir release flow in the Mississippi River Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40279.
Full textAbstract:
This dataset includes RAPID streamflow simulation correspond to the selected gages in the Mississippi River Basin. RAPID was run from 2005 to 2014 with and without reservoir releases. 175 USACE dams and reservoirs were considered in this study. The daily reservoir releases are included in this dataset.