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1
Fitriana, Indri Rahmandhani, Djoko Legono, and Heriantono Waluyadi. "Reservoir sedimentation regime analysis: case study of Kedungombo reservoir and Sermo reservoir." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.35978.
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The Kedungombo and the Sermo Reservoirs have problems in fulfilling basic services because of sedimentation. Sedimentation that occurs in each of the reservoirs would form a specific reservoir sedimentation pattern that is supposed to be similar because the hydrology and physiography conditions of the reservoir's catchment area are similar. This study aims to determine the dynamics of sedimentation patterns that occur in the dead storage for reviewing the characteristics/sedimentation regime of the two reservoirs. The analysis was carried out by processing bathymetrical data which were processed into a digital terrain model (DTM) using ArcGIS. Furthermore, the storage volume, sedimentation volume, storage percentage, and specific reservoir sedimentation rate are calculated. The results showed that the two reservoirs showed an increase in sedimentation volume each year so that the reservoir characteristic curve shifted from the plan graph. The dead storage capacity of Kedungombo Reservoir is 100% in 1989 to 43% in 2016 and 100% of Sermo Reservoir in 1997 to 58% in 2011. The specific reservoir sedimentation rate, i.e. 0.0031 and 0.0042 million m3/year/km2 for the Kedungombo Reservoir (between 1989 and 2016) and the Sermo Reservoir (between 1997 and 2011) respectively, indicating that the two reservoirs are in the same regime
2
Iqbal, Khairul, Moh Abduh, and ,. Variadi. "Simulation of Multi Reservoir Operation Rules with Interconnected Tunnel and Water Transfer." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.12.2.32532.
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The multi-reservoir operation rules require accuracy in developing its technical parameters. This is done to prevent operational failure in one of the reservoirs. The water transfer concept is to manage the water resources distribution between the receiving watershed and the donor watershed. The availability of transferable water must be prioritized, meeting the water demand of the donor reservoir. Storage capacity in both reservoirs aims to meet water demand, especially in the recipient. The elevation of the interconnecting tunnel is the minimum limit for water use in simulation. The interconnected tunnels' location and capacity will determine the multi-reservoir's operation rule. The interconnected tunnel in the Rukoh Tiro reservoir transfers water in the operation of the two reservoirs. The simulation is carried out in three seasons, considering the inflow of each watershed, the reservoir's downstream water demand, and the reservoir's technical conditions. The simulation results of the Rukoh Tiro reservoir operated simultaneously in all three seasons show that the fulfillment of irrigation water demand can reach 100% as needed. The water transfer process through interconnected tunnels occurs throughout the year. The reservoir operating rule is expected to be a reference in the multi-reservoir operation to obtain an optimal reservoir operating rule.
3
Khaydarov, Aziz, Tursunoy Apakxujayeva, and Dinislam Atakulov. "Influence of geographical location on reservoir vegetation formation." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340101013.
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The paper provides information on the vegetation cover area on the reservoir bottom. In the growing shortage of water resources, one of the important tasks is to improve methods for estimating reservoir volume. The vegetation cover of reservoirs influences the quality of the water supply. While the bottom of some reservoirs is drained, this bottom is covered with vegetation, but this trend is not observed in all reservoirs. The Talimarjan and Charvak reservoirs were selected as study sites. As a method, spatial data were selected that were collected using GIS. The results have shown that when the Talimarjan Reservoir is impounded, a considerable part of the reservoir is covered by vegetation of different species, while the bottom of the Charvak Reservoir remains without vegetation. The intensity of eutrophication processes in the reservoir may cause excess nutrients and change the reservoir’s water quality in the near future. To prevent such a situation, reducing the number of plants in the reservoir and increasing water exchange is necessary.
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Jin, Jiaxu, Hongyue Zhang, Liang Xu, Kelin Zhou, and Xiangfeng Lv. "Stability Analysis of Downstream Dam Expansion Tailings Pond." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1809736.
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The buildup of tailings in China has expanded dramatically with economic development and industrial demand, and the safety of tailings reservoirs has become increasingly serious. Due to the difficulty in finding a new reservoir site, the expansion approach of building a new tailings dam downstream of the original reservoir area was investigated. The stability of the tailings reservoir after expansion was calculated using the traditional dynamic and static stability solution method and taking into account the unpredictability of dam construction materials and tailings material parameters in the reservoir area. The results reveal that throughout the tailings accumulation process in the new reservoir, the tailings will build a back pressure slope at the original reservoir’s initial dam, which can considerably improve the original reservoir’s dynamic and static stability. The Monte Carlo method clearly outperforms older methods for tailing pond stability analysis. The results of this paper’s calculations will give a theoretical foundation and practical reference for the later management and maintenance of such tailings reservoirs, as well as fresh ideas and insights for comparable projects due to limited site selection.
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Su, Chang, Gang Zhao, Yee-Chung Jin, and Wanju Yuan. "Semi-Analytical Modeling of Geological Features Based Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using the Boundary Element Method." Minerals 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060663.
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The objective of this work is to innovatively apply the boundary element method (BEM) as a general modeling strategy to deal with complicated reservoir modeling problems, especially those related to reservoir heterogeneity and fracture systems, which are common challenges encountered in the practice of reservoir engineering. The transient flow behaviors of reservoirs containing multi-scale heterogeneities enclosed by arbitrarily shaped boundaries are modeled by applying BEM. We demonstrate that a BEM-based simulation strategy is capable of modeling complex heterogeneous reservoirs with robust solutions. The technology is beneficial in making the best use of geological modeling information. The governing differential operator of fluid flow within any locally homogeneous domain is solved along its boundary. The discretization of a reservoir system is only made on the corresponding boundaries, which is advantageous in closely conforming to the reservoir’s geological description and in facilitating the numerical simulation and computational efforts because no gridding within the flow domain is needed. Theoretical solutions, in terms of pressure and flow rate responses, are validated and exemplified for various reservoir–well systems, including naturally fractured reservoirs with either non-crossing fractures or crossing fractures; fully compartmentalized reservoirs; and multi-stage, fractured, horizontal wells with locally stimulated reservoir volumes (SRVs) around each stage of the fracture, etc. A challenging case study for a complicated fracture network system is examined. This work demonstrates the significance of adapting the BEM strategy for reservoir simulation due to its flexibility in modeling reservoir heterogeneity, analytical solution accuracy, and high computing efficiency, in reducing the technical gap between reservoir engineering practice and simulation capacity.
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Van Den Hoek, Jamon, Augusto Getirana, Hahn Jung, Modurodoluwa Okeowo, and Hyongki Lee. "Monitoring Reservoir Drought Dynamics with Landsat and Radar/Lidar Altimetry Time Series in Persistently Cloudy Eastern Brazil." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070827.
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Tropical reservoirs are critical infrastructure for managing drinking and irrigation water and generating hydroelectric power. However, long-term spaceborne monitoring of reservoir storage is challenged by data scarcity from near-persistent cloud cover and drought, which may reduce volumes below those in the observational record. In evaluating our ability to accurately monitor long-term reservoir volume dynamics using spaceborne data and overcome such observational challenges, we integrated optical, lidar, and radar time series to estimate reservoir volume dynamics across 13 reservoirs in eastern Brazil over a 12-year (2003–2014) period affected by historic drought. We (i) used 1560 Landsat images to measure reservoir surface area; (ii) built reservoir-specific regression models relating surface area and elevation from ICESat GLAS and Envisat RA-2 data; (iii) modeled volume changes for each reservoir; and (iv) compared modeled and in situ reservoir volume changes. Regression models had high goodness-of-fit (median RMSE = 0.89 m and r = 0.88) across reservoirs. Even though 88% of an average reservoir’s volume time series was based on modeled area–elevation relationships, we found exceptional agreement (RMSE = 0.31 km3 and r = 0.95) with in situ volume time series, and accurately captured seasonal recharge/depletion dynamics and the drought’s prolonged drawdown. Disagreements in volume dynamics were neither driven by wet/dry season conditions nor reservoir capacity, indicating analytical efficacy across a range of monitoring scenarios.
7
Valluri, Manoj Kumar, Jimin Zhou, Srikanta Mishra, and Kishore Mohanty. "CO2 Injection and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Ohio Oil Reservoirs—An Experimental Approach to Process Understanding." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236215.
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Process understanding of CO2 injection into a reservoir is a crucial step for planning a CO2 injection operation. CO2 injection was investigated for Ohio oil reservoirs which have access to abundant CO2 from local coal-fired power plants and industrial facilities. In a first of its kind study in Ohio, lab-scale core characterization and flooding experiments were conducted on two of Ohio’s most prolific oil and gas reservoirs—the Copper Ridge dolomite and Clinton sandstone. Reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure, and oil–water relative permeability were measured prior to injecting CO2 under and above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of the reservoir. These evaluations generated reservoir rock-fluid data that are essential for building reservoir models in addition to providing insights on injection below and above the MMP. Results suggested that the two Ohio reservoirs responded positively to CO2 injection and recovered additional oil. Copper Ridge reservoir’s incremental recovery ranged between 20% and 50% oil originally in place while that of Clinton sandstone ranged between 33% and 36% oil originally in place. It was also deduced that water-alternating-gas injection schemes can be detrimental to production from tight reservoirs such as the Clinton sandstone.
8
Amer, Manar M., and Dahlia A. Al-Obaidi. "Methods Used to Estimate Reservoir Pressure Performance: A Review." Journal of Engineering 30, no. 06 (June 1, 2024): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.06.06.
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Reservoir pressure plays a significant role in all reservoir and production engineering studies. It is crucial to characterize petroleum reservoirs: by detecting fluid movement, computing oil in place, and calculating the recovery factor. Knowledge of reservoir pressure is essential for predicting future production rates, optimizing well performance, or planning enhanced oil recovery strategies. However, applying the methods to investigate reservoir pressure performance is challenging because reservoirs are large, complex systems with irregular geometries in subsurface formations with numerous uncertainties and limited information about the reservoir's structure and behavior. Furthermore, many computational techniques, both numerical and analytical, have been utilized to examine reservoir pressure performance. This paper summarizes the concepts and applications of traditional and novel ways to investigate reservoir pressure changes over time. It provides a comprehensive review that assists the reader in recognizing and distinguishing between various techniques for obtaining an accurate description of reservoir pressure behavior during production, such as the reservoir simulation method, material balance equation approach, time-lapse seismic data, and modern artificial intelligence methods. Thus, the central concept of these procedures and a list of the authors' research are discussed.
9
Baljyan, Pargev, Arestak Sarukhanyan, and Eleonora Avanesyan. "Study of sediment deposition processes and assessment of the change in the W-H characteristics of the madaghis reservoir." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002757.
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The accumulation of sediments in reservoir is always a problem. Over time, these accumulations occupy the volume meant for water management, dramatically reducing the reservoir's effectiveness. The environment of the river basin below the reservoir undergoes significant changes. In this regard, assessing changes in volumetric W-H characteristics, particularly in reservoirs built on high turbidity rivers, is critical. The Mataghis Reservoir on Tartar River was chosen as the object of study. The quantity of accumulated sediments was established by original measurements and was calculated in three hydrologic ways at distinct stages of operation. The actual graphs showing the reservoir's W-H volumetric characteristics were made two decades after commissioning and are still in use. According to the findings, over 70 per cent of the reservoir volume has been filled with sediments over the course of the reservoir's thirty-year operation. A theoretical model of the sediment buildup process in basins has been created. Separate parameters have been created for the deposition of bottom sediments entering the reservoir and suspended particles in the flow. Based on them, the patterns of distribution of accumulated sediments according to the length and height of the reservoir were drawn out. The vertical pulsation velocity and the results of studies for determining the minimum rate of soil particle flow were used. To solve sedimentation problems in operating and newly constructed reservoirs, a methodology for evaluating changes in the amount of collected water and changes in the volume of water control, as well as a theoretical method for projecting their future behavior, can be applied
10
Li, Zhenghe, Ling Kang, Liwei Zhou, and Jie Hu. "Joint flood control operation of Upper Yangtze River based on dynamic weight of system safety degree." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303056.
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At flood season, reservoir can guarantee the power generation and other benefit only under the premise of ensuring its own safety and the safety of middle and lower reaches of river basin. For maximizing the comprehensive benefits of each reservoir's function, it is necessary to study the scientific operation strategy of single reservoir and reservoir groups. Joint flood control operation of reservoir groups can achieve the task of flood control to maximum extent and balance the water demands of each reservoir's function. Aimed at five controlling reservoirs in the upper Yangtze river, this paper put forward the static and dynamic weight calculation methods of the system safety degree, and developed a joint flood control operation model of reservoir groups with the goal of minimizing downstream flood volume and maximizing system safety degree of reservoir groups. We studied the flood control effect of two operation strategies, the static weight piecewise linear strategy and the dynamic weight piecewise linear strategy, on downstream flood control station under 100-year design flood condition in 1998. The results showed that the dynamic weight piecewise linear strategy can give full play to the role of each controlling reservoir in flood control operation at flood season.
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Zhou, Tianqi, Hongqi Yuan, Fengming Xu, and Rigen Wu. "Tight Sandstone Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors: Outcrops of the Shanxi Formation, Liujiang River Basin, North China." Energies 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104127.
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Tight sandstone reservoirs are of interest due to their potentially favorable prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. A better understanding of tight sandstone outcrop reservoir characteristics and their influencing factors is thus needed. By laboratory observation, thin section analysis, and experimental analysis, the current work carried out a detailed investigation of densely sampled tight sandstone outcrops of the Shanxi Formation in the Liujiang River Basin, paving the way for further research on rock types, reservoir spatial distribution, physical properties, and their key controlling factors. The application of the Pressure Pulse Attenuation Method made it possible to determine the porosity and permeability, as well as the analysis of debris composition and filling content. The findings indicate that the main rock type of the tight sandstone outcrop reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation in the Liujiang River Basin is lithic quartz sandstone, some of which contains fine sand-bearing argillaceous siltstone, giving them very low porosity (average porosity of 4.34%) and low permeability (average permeability of 0.023 mD) reservoirs. Secondary pores—mostly dissolved pores among and in grains—are widely developed in the target region. In addition, diagenesis primarily includes mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. The main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the target region are sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonics, whereby sedimentation affects reservoir physical properties that become better as the clast size increases, reservoir properties are negatively impacted by compaction and cementation, and reservoir properties are somewhat improved due to dissolution and the impact of tectonism. In addition, the tilt of the crust will produce faults during the tectonic action, generating reservoir cracks that improve the reservoir’s physical properties. This study tends to be helpful in the prediction of high-quality reservoirs in the Permian Shanxi Formation in North China and can also be used for analogy of high-quality reservoirs in similar areas with complete outcrops.
12
Lubkov, M. V., and K. O. Mosiychuk. "Dynamics of the oil reservoir depletion." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 44, no. 5 (January 30, 2023): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i5.272333.
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In order to study the dynamics of depletion in heterogeneous oil reservoirs on the base of combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity we have carried out a numerical simulation of the pressure distribution in vicinity of the operating well. At that we have taken into account the heterogeneous distribution of filtration characteristics inside the reservoir and the oil infiltration parameters on the boundaries of the reservoir. The developed method for solving the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity in deformed oil formations allows us adequately to describe the distribution of pressure near production and injection well systems in real operating conditions. We have shown that depletion processes in vicinity of the active well mainly depend on the intensity of oil production and the degree of oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir’s area and to a lesser extent on the filtration parameters inside the reservoir. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper level of oil production in the reservoir’s area, it is necessary, for example, thanks to the use of modern technologies (system of injection wells), to ensure a sufficient inflow of the oil phase at the borders of the considered area. We have shown that in the cases of low oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir area, the value of depletion is directly proportional to the production power of the well. At the same time, a decreasing of the reservoir permeability leads to a slow downing of depletion processes. The limiting value of the oil boundary infiltration coefficient, which allows achieving industrial oil production, is m. At that, the time of reaching of the stationary productive regime is directly proportional to the value of the oil permeability coefficient inside the reservoir. Before installing a system of production and injection wells in heterogeneous oil reservoirs, it is necessary to carry out a systematic analysis of the degree of depletion of the working reservoir’s areas in order to place them in such a way that would ensure the effective dynamics of filtration processes around these areas.
13
Yin, Wei, Xiao Kang Xin, and Hai Yan Jia. "Preliminary Research on Hydrodynamic Dispatch Method of Algal Blooms in Three Gorges Reservoir Bays." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.811.
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Spring algal happened in the bays area frequently after Three Gorges Reservoir’s impoundment. Algal bloom is closely related with nutrients, light, temperature and flow velocity. This paper carried out preliminary research on algal blooms hydrodynamic control method by optimizing reservoirs dispatch on main and tributary channels. Making use of software MIKE 21, a Xiangxi River-Three Gorges Reservoir integrate hydrodynamic numerical model has been established, and a series of conditions have been simulated and studied. The result shows that if Three Gorges Reservoir operates alone, velocity at Xiangxi River mouth is less than 0.05m/s, and if Xiangxi Reservoir operates alone, velocity at Xiangxi River mouth is larger than 0.05m/s in wet year. It implies that Three Gorges Reservoir’s water level change has little to do with improvement of tributaries’ velocity, but reservoir in main and tributary channels dispatch together can improve the velocity obviously, which can control algal bloom in tributary bays.
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LIU, YANFENG, YUETIAN LIU, LU SUN, and JIAN LIU. "MULTISCALE FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIERARCHICAL HETEROGENEITY IN SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS." Fractals 24, no. 03 (August 30, 2016): 1650032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x16500328.
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Heterogeneities affecting reservoirs often develop at different scales. Previous studies have described these heterogeneities using different parameters depending on their size, and there is no one comprehensive method of reservoir evaluation that considers every scale. This paper introduces a multiscale fractal approach to quantify consistently the hierarchical heterogeneities of sandstone reservoirs. Materials taken from typical depositional pattern and aerial photography are used to represent three main types of sandstone reservoir: turbidite, braided, and meandering river system. Subsequent multiscale fractal dimension analysis using the Bouligand–Minkowski method characterizes well the hierarchical heterogeneity of the sandstone reservoirs. The multiscale fractal dimension provides a curve function that describes the heterogeneity at different scales. The heterogeneity of a reservoir’s internal structure decreases as the observational scale increases. The shape of a deposit’s facies is vital for quantitative determination of the sedimentation type, and thus enhanced oil recovery. Characterization of hierarchical heterogeneity by multiscale fractal dimension can assist reservoir evaluation, geological modeling, and even the design of well patterns.
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Юсупова, K. Yusupova, Корсак, M. Korsak, Мошаров, Sergey Mosharov, Кроленко, and M. Krolenko. "The Forecast of Phytoplankton Spring Blossoming in the Uchinsky Reservoir." Safety in Technosphere 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8226.
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Increase of water treatment efficiency in water supply systems during the spring period directly depends on the forecast
accuracy related to mass blossoming of phytoplankton in drinking reservoirs. Object of research is the Uchinsky reservoir – the
drinking reservoir having insignificant its own water collection area, and fed by water of Moscow Canal. The data on seasonal
phytoplankton dynamics received in Akulovsky Hydrosite Laboratory of the MCUE "Mosvodokanal" for two stations: Pestovo
(reservoir’s headwater) and Listvyanka (reservoir’s lower part), and also actinometric data of continuous supervision from 1998
to 2003 performed by Lomonosov Moscow State University’s Geographical faculty Meteorological Observatory (MOMGU) have
been used in this work. Results of mathematical modeling for dependence of start date and peak values of phytoplankton’s
spring blossoming in the Uchinsky reservoir depending on intensity of total solar radiation during the period preceding the
phytoplankton blossoming have been presented. It has been established that the more solar energy streams’ values in the
range of photosynthetic active radiation (PhAR) will be received by the reservoir surface in the middle of February, the later
peaks of phytoplankton’s spring blossoming will be observed. Research results represent undoubted interest for the analysis of
reservoir’s light factor influence on phytoplankton’s seasonal dynamics, and also for the exact forecast related to beginning of
phytoplankton’s spring blossoming in drinking reservoirs when planning water treatment actions.
16
Van der Sande, Guy, Daniel Brunner, and Miguel C. Soriano. "Advances in photonic reservoir computing." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (May 12, 2017): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0132.
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AbstractWe review a novel paradigm that has emerged in analogue neuromorphic optical computing. The goal is to implement a reservoir computer in optics, where information is encoded in the intensity and phase of the optical field. Reservoir computing is a bio-inspired approach especially suited for processing time-dependent information. The reservoir’s complex and high-dimensional transient response to the input signal is capable of universal computation. The reservoir does not need to be trained, which makes it very well suited for optics. As such, much of the promise of photonic reservoirs lies in their minimal hardware requirements, a tremendous advantage over other hardware-intensive neural network models. We review the two main approaches to optical reservoir computing: networks implemented with multiple discrete optical nodes and the continuous system of a single nonlinear device coupled to delayed feedback.
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Maju-Oyovwikowhe, E. G., and A. D. Osayande. "Hydrocarbon evaluation and distribution in Well-X and Well-Y in the Niger Delta Basin: Findings and validation through porosity comparison." Scientia Africana 22, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v22i1.22.
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The aim of this study is to integrate well logs and core data to identify reservoir characteristics and determine the reservoir's petrophysical properties in order to improve the understanding of the reservoir and provide valuable information for reservoir management. Wells X and Y of the ‘SCOJAS’ Field in the Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria were analyzed using Gamma ray logs, Resistivity logs, Sonic, Neutron and Density Logs. The obtained results were compared with core data from the wells to verify their accuracy. Porosity values for Wells X and Y fall within the range typically observed in sedimentary rocks, with Well Y having higher values. Hydrocarbons were detected in all reservoirs except reservoir zone 1b in both Well-X (12 reservoirs) and Well-Y (7 reservoirs). In Well- X, oil was identified in 5 reservoir zones while in Well-Y, oil was present in 2 reservoir zones. The remaining zones in both wells contained gas. To validate the results further, a comparison was made with the porosity of selected fields in the Niger Delta Basin and the general porosity of the Basin. Well X has a porosity range of 2.7% to 20.8%, which is generally lower than the reported porosity range Well Y has a porosity range of 19.90% to 24.38%, which falls at the upper end of the reported porosity range. Comparing previous works and data from other fields provides important validation for the findings of the study, which is crucial in the oil and gas industry for making informed decisions about exploration and production.
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Wei, Qin Lian, and Ling Xiao. "The Reservoir Plane Heterogeneity Characteristics of the Number 2 of the Shanxi Formation in Changbei Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.81.
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Reservoir plane heterogeneity means the geometry，the scale，the continuity and the plan variation of physical properties of reservoirs, which is one of the main factors influencing the injection-production in oil reservoirs. Therefore, the study of the reservoir plane heterogeneity play a great role in guiding development wells deployment，gas reservoir well nets adjustment and residual oil & gas development. The reservoir heterogeneity of the sandstone size of gas and the border, and unbalanced formation pressure because of the degree of the development of each well is uneven prevent ChangBei gas field to develoment. They cause difficulty of evaluating the gas field comprehensive，level development wells deployment and well trajectory adjustment，and lead to certain geology risk. It is necessary to study the reservoir heterogeneity of the number 2 of shanxi Formation in this block for concerning the unfavourable extraction condition. The composite index of reservoir plane heterogeneity of the number 2 of shanxi Formation in ChangBei gas field have calculated by adopting entropy method considering influcing reservoir plane heterogeneity which is porosity, tight sandstone, mutation coefficient and variation coefficient of permeability, range of permeability and interlayer frequency. The distributive maps of reservoir's plane heterogeneity under the restriction of sedimentary facies have also been drawed. The entropy method can full use of the reduction and strengthen of entropy method,which means the characteristic of removing the similarities and depositing differences. The study indicate that reservoir plane heterogeneity of the number 2 of shanxi Formation in study area presents the medium to slightly strong characteristics in general.
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Ghassemzadeh, Shahdad, Maria Gonzalez Perdomo, Manouchehr Haghighi, and Ehsan Abbasnejad. "Deep net simulator (DNS): a new insight into reservoir simulation." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19093.
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Reservoir simulation plays a vital role as a diagnostics tool to better understand and predict a reservoir’s behaviour. The primary purpose of running a reservoir simulation is to replicate reservoir performance under different production conditions; therefore, the development of a reliable and fast dynamic reservoir model is a priority for the industry. In each simulation, the reservoir is divided into millions of cells, with fluid and rock attributes assigned to each cell. Based on these attributes, flow equations are solved through numerical methods, resulting in an excessively long processing time. Given the recent progress in machine learning methods, this study aimed to further investigate the possibility of using deep learning in reservoir simulations. Throughout this paper, we used deep learning to build a data-driven simulator for both 1D oil and 2D gas reservoirs. In this approach, instead of solving fluid flow equations directly, a data-driven model instantly predicts the reservoir pressure using the same input data of a numerical simulator. Datasets were generated using a physics-based simulator. It was found that for the training and validation sets, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was less than 15.1% and the correlation coefficient, R2, was more than 0.84 for the 1D oil reservoirs, while for the 2D gas reservoir MAPE < 0.84% and R2 ≈1. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis results confirmed that the proposed approach has promising potential (MAPE < 5%, R2 > 0.9). The results agreed that the deep learning based, data-driven model is reasonably accurate and trustworthy when compared with physics-derived models.
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Miotti, Fabio, Andrea Zerilli, Paulo T. L. Menezes, João L. S. Crepaldi, and Adriano R. Viana. "A new petrophysical joint inversion workflow: Advancing on reservoir’s characterization challenges." Interpretation 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): SG33—SG39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0225.1.
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Reservoir characterization objectives are to understand the reservoir rocks and fluids through accurate measurements to help asset teams develop optimal production decisions. Within this framework, we develop a new workflow to perform petrophysical joint inversion (PJI) of seismic and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data to resolve for reservoirs properties. Our workflow uses the complementary information contained in seismic, CSEM, and well-log data to improve the reservoir’s description drastically. The advent of CSEM, measuring resistivity, brought the possibility of integrating multiphysics data within the characterization workflow, and it has the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy at which reservoir properties and saturation, in particular, can be determined. We determine the power of PJI in the retrieval of reservoir parameters through a case study, based on a deepwater oil field offshore Brazil in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, to augment the certainty with which reservoir lithology and fluid properties are constrained.
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Kosasaeng, Suwapat, Nirat Yamoat, Seyed Mohammad Ashrafi, and Anongrit Kangrang. "Extracting Optimal Operation Rule Curves of Multi-Reservoir System Using Atom Search Optimization, Genetic Programming and Wind Driven Optimization." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 16205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316205.
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This research aims to apply optimization techniques using atom search optimization (ASO), genetic programming (GP), and wind-driven optimization (WDO) with a reservoir simulation model for searching optimal rule curves of a multi-reservoir system, using the objective function with the minimum average quantity of release excess water. The multi-reservoir system consisted of five reservoirs managed by a single reservoir that caused severe problems in Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand, which was hit by floods in 2017. These included Huai Nam Bo Reservoir, the Upper Huai Sai-1 Reservoir, the Upper Huai Sai-2 Reservoir, the Upper Huai Sai-3 Reservoir, and the Huai Sai Khamin Reservoir. In this study, the monthly reservoir rule curves, the average monthly inflow to the reservoirs during 2005–2020, the water demand of the reservoirs, hydrological data, and physical data of the reservoirs were considered. In addition, the performance of the newly obtained rule curves was evaluated by comparing the operation with a single reservoir and the operation with a multi-reservoir network. The results showed situations of water shortage and water in terms of frequency, duration, average water, and maximum water. The newly obtained rule curves from the multi-reservoir system case showed an average water excess of 43.722 MCM/year, which was less than the optimal curves from the single reservoir case, where the average water excess was 45.562 MCM/year. An analysis of the downstream reservoir of the multi-reservoir system, which diverts water from the upstream reservoirs, was performed. The results showed that the new optimal rule curves of ASO, GP, and WDO operated as a multi-reservoir system performed better than when operated as a single reservoir. Therefore, this research is suitable for sustainable water management without construction.
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Ehinlaiye, M. D., O. W. Osisanya, F. C. Ighrakpata, A. S. Saleh, and T. A. Ibitoye. "Seismic Interpretation and Petrophysical Analysis for Evaluation of Ataga Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i5.20.
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The majority of geophysical survey in hydrocarbon exploration and production sector is driven by the ability to describe reservoirs. This research is aimed at describing the interpretation and petrophysical analysis of the reservoirs in Ataga field Niger Delta using a combination of seismic and well-log data. The Ataga Field in the Niger Delta was subjected to 3-D seismic interpretation and petrophysical study to perform comprehensive structural interpretation, prospect evaluation, and volumetric calculation. Two reservoir windows “1” and “2” were identified and correlated from four wells ATA 10, ATA 11, ATA 5 and ATA 7. Detailed evaluation was done on well ATA 11 since it is the only well that has sufficient data for both qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Structural interpretation for inline 5731 revealed fifteen faults on the seismic vertical section through ATA 11, most of which are antithetic faults while the rest are synthetic faults. Top and base of each reservoir window was delineated from the well. Result of the petrophysical assessment of reservoir A, B and C for ATA 11 revealed that the porosity values range from (24 -29) % which are indicative of very good to excellent porosity value according to Rider (1996). While the permeability values range from (1887-2582) mD were obtained from the three reservioir A, B and C of ATA 11 which depict very good to excellent reservoir units. Since, .all of the wells were discovered to have hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir formations (sandstones), the integration of structural interpretation and well logs have successfully revealed that the reservoirs are mostly oil-bearing zones.
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Rachmatullah, Indradjati, Dantje Kardana Natakusumah, Widyaningtias Widyaningtias, Arno Adi Kuntoro, Eka Oktariyanto Nugroho, Agung Permana, Herdy Setiawan, and Dyah Widyaningrum. "Prediksi Distribusi Sedimentasi Terhadap Usia Guna Waduk Ameroro, Sulawesi Tenggara." Journal on Education 6, no. 2 (January 16, 2024): 12526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.5104.
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The Ameroro River experiences significant sedimentation rates from year to year, along with rapid land cover changes. Due to the considerable benefits of the Ameroro River for the sustainability of life in Konawe Regency, it was decided to construct the Ameroro Reservoir as a means to fulfill irrigation needs and provide raw water for the community. Given the high sedimentation in reservoirs in Indonesia, it rapidly accelerates the aging of the Reservoir. One of the issues is the inadequate representation of sediment distribution in the reservoir, reducing the effectiveness of sediment control and management in the Reservoir. Predictions using HEC-RAS 2D reveal the sediment distribution in the Ameroro reservoir at locations STA 13872 in the upstream river and STA 4446 at the inlet, which is 7.7 km from the main river length from the Reservoir's axis and 4.5 km from the inlet river length. Sedimentation rates, based on riverbed material modeling and land cover, show an influx of sediment into the reservoir at 1,192,015 m3/year, comprising 662,275 m3/year from the upstream river and 529,739 m3/year from the inlet river. Calculations using the sedimentation deposition composition method and Brune's trap efficiency method indicate that the original Reservoir's lifespan of 107 years will be reduced to 85 years, deviating by 22 years from the plan. This implies that the Reservoir will reach the end of its useful life sooner than anticipated.
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Wilopo, Wahyu, Hendy Setiawan, and Doni Prakasa Eka Putra. "Evaluation of Artificial Reservoir Management in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.205-214.
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The Indonesian government has promoted reservoir (embung) development programs throughout Indonesia. This program is primarily designed at supporting agricultural irrigation, especially in the dry season. However, in its implementation, there are often many obstacles both in technical and management, causing the main purpose of the reservoir construction cannot be achieved optimally. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the condition of the reservoir located in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, in terms of physical, institutional, and management constraints. The study was conducted through a direct survey of 9 reservoirs and interviews with managers and residents around the reservoir. The results showed that two reservoirs have small damage in the reservoir building, three reservoirs do not yet have managers, and three reservoirs have not functioned following the purpose of reservoirs development. The obstacle often found in managing reservoirs is the unclear structure for the management of the reservoir, and the existing management is not effectively working. Therefore, the regulation of using reservoir water is not available. It is necessary to have a management organization involving the community and village government where the reservoir is located and also community beneficiaries of agricultural irrigation to guarantee its function and sustainability.
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Vamsi, Krishna Kudapa. "Study on stress-strain effect on gas production from shale formation." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 2 (2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.13.2.19038.
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The extent of gas production from shale reservoirs depends heavily on the stress-strain impact on the reservoir. The reservoir's developed stress allows the rocks to fracture naturally. The developed fractures across the reservoir blocks enhance the gas flow from the reservoir towards the wellbore. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the technologies and engineering of shale formation permeability behavior and the impact of induced stress and strain. The impacts of stress and strain on the permeability of shale are also studied. This paper presents the effect of stress-strain analysis on gas recovery due to various gas injections, the dependence of gas shale fracture permeability on effective stress and reservoir pressure, analyzing the consequences of various gas injection rates on stress and strain, and the result of stress-strain elongation or variation on hydrocarbon recovery.
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Dai, Yanyu, Siqi Wang, Hongpeng Zhu, and Yiran Xu. "Analysis on the potential of ecological water replenishment for Baiyangdian Lake by reservoirs in the mountainous area of Daqing River." E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127601013.
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Reservoirs in the Daqing River mountainous area have always been an important source of replenishment for Baiyangdian Lake. With the development of water source economy and society, the reservoir’s ecological water replenishment potential for Baiyangdian Lake will undergo great changes. This article first analyzes the current situation of ecological water replenishment in Baiyangdian Lake. On this basis, the ecological water supply potential of the upstream reservoir to Baiyangdian Lake in the future was calculated. The results of the study show that from 2001 to 2018, the amount of water entering the upper reaches of the reservoir showed an overall upward trend, and the upward trend of runoff from the Xidayang Reservoir was the most obvious. Under different incoming water conditions, the ecological water supply potential of the upstream reservoir to Baiyangdian varies greatly. It can reach 320 million m3 in a wet year and only 50 million m3 in a dry year. In the continuous dry years, the average multi-year water supply potential of the reservoirs to the river and Baiyangdian Lake is about 146 million m3. The results of this paper can be used as a reference for Baiyangdian Lake’s ecological water replenishment scheduling
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Liu, Xuan, Mingxiang Yang, Xianyong Meng, Fan Wen, and Guangdong Sun. "Assessing the Impact of Reservoir Parameters on Runoff in the Yalong River Basin using the SWAT Model." Water 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040643.
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The construction and operation of cascade reservoirs has changed the natural hydrological cycle in the Yalong River Basin, and reduced the accuracy of hydrological forecasting. The impact of cascade reservoir operation on the runoff of the Yalong River Basin is assessed, providing a theoretical reference for the construction and joint operation of reservoirs. In this paper, eight scenarios were set up, by changing the reservoir capacity, operating location, and relative location in the case of two reservoirs. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of the capacity and location of a single reservoir on runoff processes, and the effect of the relative location in the case of joint operation of reservoirs. The results show that: (1) the reservoir has a delay and reduction effect on the flood during the flood season, and has a replenishment effect on the runoff during the dry season; (2) the impact of the reservoir on runoff processes and changes in runoff distribution during the year increases with the reservoir capacity; (3) the mitigation of flooding is more obvious at the river basin outlet control station when the reservoir is further downstream; (4) an arrangement with the smaller reservoir located upstream and the larger reservoir located downstream can maximize the benefits of the reservoirs in flood control.
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Shahrian, Elahe, and Mohsen Masihi. "Analysis of well testing results for single phase flow in reservoirs with percolation structure." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020092.
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Constructing an accurate geological model of the reservoir is a preliminary to make any reliable prediction of a reservoir’s performance. Afterward, one needs to simulate the flow to predict the reservoir’s dynamic behaviour. This process usually is associated with high computational costs. Therefore, alternative methods such as the percolation approach for rapid estimation of reservoir efficiency are quite desirable. This study tries to address the Well Testing (WT) interpretation of heterogeneous reservoirs, constructed from two extreme permeabilities, 0 and K. In particular, we simulated a drawdown test on typical site percolation mediums, occupied to fraction “p” at a constant rate Q/h, to compute the well-known pressure derivative (dP/dlnt). This derivative provides us with “apparent” permeability values, a significant property to move forward with flow prediction. It is good to mention that the hypothetical wellbore locates in the middle of the reservoir with assumed conditions. Commercial software utilized to perform flow simulations and well test analysis. Next, the pressure recorded against time at different realizations and values of p. With that information provided, the permeability of the medium is obtained. Finally, the permeability change of this reservoir is compared to the permeability alteration of a homogeneous one and following that, its dependency on the model parameters has been analysed. The result shows a power-law relation between average permeability (considering all realizations) and the occupancy probability “p”. This conclusion helps to improve the analysis of well testing for heterogeneous reservoirs with percolation structures.
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Kjaran, Snorri Páll. "Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Experience in Iceland." Hydrology Research 17, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1986): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0033.
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Geothermal reservoir engineering studies have been carried out in Iceland for years concurrently with the utilization of the various geothermal fields. This has been essential in order to understand the responses of the reservoirs to exploitation. The importance of geothermal energy has grown steadily in the past decades relative to other primary energy resources, providing at present about 40% of the total energy consumed in Iceland. In this article the experience gained from exploiting Icelandic geothermal reservoirs is reviewed. The geological setting of the hydrothermal system is described as well as geophysical exploration methods. Several field examples are presented, demonstrating the effects that exploitation has on the geothermal reservoir's response.
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Zhao, Hui. "Quantitative reservoir classification and evaluation based on reservoir microscopic characteristics." E3S Web of Conferences 352 (2022): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235201042.
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In view of the remaining oil recovery situation and the needs of the development of tertiary oil recovery technology, using mercury intrusion data, through statistical analysis of the relationship between microscopic pore structure parameters and permeability, it is clear that there is a good correlation between permeability and various microscopic pore structure parameters. It is believed that the reservoir permeability can comprehensively and quantitatively characterize the complexity of the pore structure of the reservoir. The higher the permeability, the weaker the microscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir and the better the reservoir quality. And according to the microscopic characteristics of the reservoir, it is quantitatively divided into Type I reservoir, Type II reservoir, Type III reservoir, Type IV reservoir and Type V reservoir, which realizes the quantitative classification and evaluation of complex reservoirs, which is the best reservoir for reservoirs. The deepening understanding of strata has laid a foundation for the selection of tertiary oil recovery injectors.
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Almeida, Viviane L. S., Maria da Graça G. Melão, and Ariadne N. Moura. "Plankton diversity and limnological characterization in two shallow tropical urban reservoirs of Pernambuco State, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 2 (April 26, 2012): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012005000027.
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Plankton diversity, physical and chemical variables and chlorophyll a were analyzed in two shallow urban reservoirs with different trophic degrees on Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. High eutrophication levels were observed in Apipucos reservoir, while Prata reservoir was considered oligotrophic. Values reported for physical and chemical variables and chlorophyll a differed among the studied ecosystems. Richness and plankton diversity were higher in Apipucos reservoir especially for phytoplankton. The presence of potential toxic Cyanophyceae in both reservoirs reflects a problem mainly to Prata reservoir, which is used for public water supply. Differences were observed for some variables among sites of study in Apipucos reservoir, while the differences among strata were negligible in both reservoirs, reflecting the water column mixing by wind action. Rainfall regulated the temporal dynamics for the analyzed variables, with significant seasonal differences, mainly for the major of limnological variables in Apipucos reservoir. Plankton diversity was higher in Apipucos reservoir, especially to phytoplankton, showing that eutrophication and pollution can favor plankton diversity in tropical urban shallow reservoirs.
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Yue, Dianzuo, Yushuang Hou, Chunxia Hu, Cunru Zang, and Yingzhe Kou. "Handwritten Digits Recognition Based on a Parallel Optoelectronic Time-Delay Reservoir Computing System." Photonics 10, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030236.
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In this work, the performance of an optoelectronic time-delay reservoir computing system for performing a handwritten digit recognition task is numerically investigated, and a scheme to improve the recognition speed using multiple parallel reservoirs is proposed. By comparing four image injection methods based on a single time-delay reservoir, we find that when injecting the histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) features of the digit image, the accuracy rate (AR) is relatively high and is less affected by the offset phase. To improve the recognition speed, we construct a parallel time-delay reservoir system including multi-reservoirs, where each reservoir processes part of the HOG features of one image. Based on 6 parallel reservoirs with each reservoir possessing 100 virtual nodes, the AR can reach about 97.8%, and the reservoir processing speed can reach about 1 × 106 digits per second. Meanwhile, the parallel reservoir system shows strong robustness to the parameter mismatch between multi-reservoirs.
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Liu, Weifu. "Fuzzy Logic in Carbonate Reservoir Quality Assessment: A Case Study from Tarim Basin, China." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101710010195.
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Introduction: To address reservoir quality assessment in highly complex and heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, a methodology utilizing fuzzy logic is developed and presented in this paper. Based on carbonate reservoir characteristics, three parameters reflecting the macroscopic and microscopic of storage abundance, permeability, and median of pore throat radius were selected to establish the factor set and the evaluation criteria. After analysis of core and test data, a membership function is constructed by semi-drop trapezoid method and the weight formula is also determined by reservoir factor sub-index. The developed method then is used to evaluate a carbonate reservoir in the Tarim Basin in China. Based on the result of single well evaluation, the plane classification map of the carbonate reservoir quality is constructed. Results obtained from reservoir quality assessment in the K32 well show that I-level, II-level, and III-level reservoir qualities account for 58%, 37%, 5% of the reservoir, respectively. The results are consistent with the actual production data demonstrating reliability of the proposed method for reservoir quality assessment practices in usually very complex and heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Background: Carbonate reservoirs are complex and heterogeneous and this makes their evaluation a difficult task. Objective: To overcome the uncertainties associated with evaluation of complex carbonate reservoirs a reliable method to accurately evaluate carbonate reservoirs is presented. Methods: Fuzzy logic is used to evaluate a carbonate reservoir from Tarim Basin in China. Based on carbonate reservoir characteristics, three parameters reflecting the macroscopic and microscopic of storage abundance, permeability, and median of pore throat radius are selected to establish the factor set and to evaluate the criteria of carbonate reservoir. After the analysis of core and test data, a membership function is reasonably constructed by semi-drop trapezoid method and the weight formula is also determined by reservoir factor sub-index. Results: An effective methodology for the evaluation of reservoir quality in carbonate reservoirs is established by using fuzzy logic. In addition, an example reservoir from China is used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method. Conclusion: Based on the result of single well evaluation, the plane classification map of the carbonate reservoir is constructed. Favorable zones in the reservoir are also delineated. Evaluation results are consistent with the actual production data of gas and oil which proves that the proposed method is instrumental in reservoir quality assessment.
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Yang, Liguo, and Hao Wu. "Application of above & below the water 3D measurement technology in reservoir capacity curve calibration." E3S Web of Conferences 438 (2023): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343801017.
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The reservoir capacity curve is a key quantity for the safe operation of reservoirs, and the reservoir capacity may change during the operation of reservoirs due to various factors, so timely calibration is required. The topography of the reservoir area is measured in three dimensions using an unmanned aircraft and an unmanned boat, respectively. The data results establish a digital elevation model (DEM) of the reservoir area, and the DEM square grid method is used to calculate the reservoir capacity, thus realising the calibration of the reservoir capacity curve. The technical method was successfully applied in Lujiayao Reservoir with high accuracy of results.
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Zhou, Qi, and Yan Yi Yin. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Productivity of Chang 4+5 Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs in Jiyuan Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.419.
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Productivity prediction is a technology for comprehensive evaluation of reservoir's oil-producing capacity, having important significance for early evaluation of oilfield and formulation of oilfield development plan. The percolation mechanism for ultra low permeability reservoirs is extremely complex, making productivity prediction difficult. The factors affecting oil productivity including reservoir parameters, production pressure difference and fluid property have been analyzed according to Chang 4+5 reservoir and production test data in Jiyuan area. Reservoir parameters have complex impact on oil productivity in production test: thickness of oil-bearing interval, electric resistivity, porosity, permeability and other factors all affect productivity in production test. The productivity in production test increases along with increase of production pressure difference under various thicknesses. The productivity is reduced with increase of crude oil viscosity. Reservoir parameter combination through comprehensive analysis is well related to productivity in production test, enabling the building of a regional productivity prediction model.
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Chen, Guo Min, Li Sun, and Xiang Sheng Bao. "3D Stochastic Modeling for Reservoir Characterization and Application." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1353.
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The reservoir is the accumulation spaces and development targets of hydrocarbon, always draw attention of researchers who participated in hydrocarbon exploration and development. The goal of reservoir characterization is to delineate precisely and completely the geologic variations for reservoirs in 3D distribution by the application of all kinds of useful data channel, so that it can give a reliable reference for the further reservoirs development. However, stochastic modeling has become the dominant tool for reservoir characterization because it can both simulate the reservoir heterogeneity and quantitatively characterize reservoir. Aimed at reservoirs in well block X26-X27 of Xiazijie Oilfield, on basis of reservoir structure, sedimentary microfacies, logging interpretation and reservoir heterogeneity research, the geologic dataset is established, and the 3D models, such as reservoir structure, logging interpretation and reservoir attributes, were all worked out by the application of stochastic modeling technique and 3D visualized technique to this area, furthermore, the testing and modification for facies analysis and classification were conducted in order to unravel the consistent micro-facies and reservoir property distribution, so that it will serve well for the identification and fine description and reservoir dynamic simulation.
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Liu, Sheng, Hongtao Zhu, Qianghu Liu, Ziqiang Zhou, and Jiahao Chen. "Along-Strike Reservoir Development of Steep-Slope Depositional Systems: Case Study from Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020804.
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Seismic, core, drilling, logging, and thin-section data are considered to analyze the reservoir diversity in the east, middle, and west fan of the Liushagang Formation in the steep-slope zone of the Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan Basin. Three factors primarily affect the reservoir differences for steep-slope systems: (1) Sedimentary factors mostly control reservoir scales and characteristics and the drainage system and microfacies. Massive high-quality reservoirs have shallow burial depths. Channel development and sediment supply favor the formation of these reservoirs. The sedimentary microfacies suggest fan delta plain distributary channels. (2) Lithofacies factors primarily control reservoir types and evolution. The diagenesis of high-quality reservoirs is weak, and a weak compaction–cementation diagenetic facies and medium compaction–dissolution diagenetic facies were developed. (3) Sandstone thickness factors primarily control the oil-bearing properties of reservoirs. The average porosity and permeability of high-quality reservoirs are large, the critical sandstone thickness is small, the average sandstone thickness is large, and the oil-bearing capacity is high. Furthermore, the reservoir prediction models are summarized as fan delta and nearshore subaqueous fan models. The high-quality reservoir of the fan delta model is in the fan delta plain, and the lithology is medium–coarse sandstone. The organic acid + meteoric freshwater two-stage dissolution is developed, various dissolved pores are formed, and a Type I reservoir is developed. The high-quality reservoir of the nearshore subaqueous fan model is in the middle fan, and the lithology is primarily medium–fine sandstone. Only organic acid dissolution, dissolution pores, and Type I–II reservoirs are developed. Regarding reservoir differences and models, the high-quality reservoir of the steep-slope system is shallow and large-scale, and the reservoir is a fan delta plain distributary channel microfacies. Weak diagenetic evolution, good physical properties, thick sandstone, and good oil-bearing properties developed a Type I reservoir. The study of reservoir control factors of the northern steep-slope zone was undertaken in order to guide high-quality reservoir predictions. Further, it provides a reference for high-quality reservoir distribution and a prediction model for the steep-slope system.
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Chang, S. P., and S. M. Chuang. "Eutrophication study of twenty reservoirs in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0331.
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Taiwan is an island off the southeastern coast of China with total area of roughly 36,000 km2. The geographic position of Taiwan is between 21° 45′ 25″ to 25° 56′ 31″ north latitude and 119° 18′ 3″ to 124° 34′ 30″ east longitude and includes both tropical and subtropical areas. The study was carried out at twenty main reservoirs in Taiwan area from 1994 to 1998. The study revealed that the water quality of most reservoirs gradually deteriorated during the study period. Total phosphorus concentrations over 60 μg/L were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 22.2% of these reservoirs in 1998. Total nitrogen concentrations over 1.0 mg/L were observed in 37.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 94.4% of these reservoirs in 1998. Secchi disc transparency below 2 m was observed in 75% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 83.3% of these reservoirs in 1998. Chlorophyll a concentrations over 15 mg/m3 were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 27.8% of these reservoirs in 1998. The TN:TP mass ratios (wt/wt) of all the studied reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir are higher than 16. The study results on nutrient limitation indicated that phosphorus is the primary limiting nutrient in Taiwan reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir.
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Kim, Da Ye, Seung Jin Maeng, Seung Wook Lee, Eun Bi Hong, Hyeon Cheol Yoon, Ju Ha Hwang, and Won Beom Kim. "Prediction of Reservoir Storage in Ungauged Reservoirs by Grouping Reservoir Characteristics." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 17, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2021.17.5.77.
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Cheng, Hong. "The Enhanced Oil Recovery Effect of Nitrogen-Assisted Gravity Drainage in Karst Reservoirs with Different Genesis: A Case Study of the Tahe Oilfield." Processes 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2023): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082316.
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For the Tahe Oilfield, there are multiple sets of karst reservoirs with different genesis developed in carbonate fracture-vuggy reservoirs and the varying karst reservoir type has a considerable influence on the distribution of residual oil. The complex characteristics of different karst reservoirs and the difficulty in producing the remaining oil in the middle and lower part of the reservoir greatly restrict the recovery effects. This work managed to comprehensively investigate the action mechanism of nitrogen-assisted gravity drainage (NAGD) on remaining oil in reservoirs with different karst genesis through modeling and experiments. Based on geological characteristics and modeling results, a reservoir-profile model considering reservoir type, fracture distribution, and the fracture–cave combination was established, the displacement experiments of main reservoirs such as the epikarst zone, underground river, and fault karst were carried out, and the oil–gas–water multiphase flow was visually analyzed. The remaining oil state before and after NAGD was studied, and the difference in recovery enhancement in different genetic karst reservoirs was quantitatively compared. The results show that NAGD was helpful in enhancing oil recovery (EOR) for reservoirs with different karst genesis. NAGD technique has the greatest increasing effect on the sweep efficiency of the fault-karst reservoir, followed by the epikarst zone reservoir, and the smallest in the underground river reservoir. The results of this research will facilitate an understanding of the EOR effect of karst-reservoir types on NAGD and provide theory and technical support for the high-efficiency development in varying karst reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield.
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Hwang, Soonho, Sang-Min Jun, Jung-Hun Song, Kyeung Kim, Hakkwan Kim, and Moon-Seong Kang. "Application of the SWAT-EFDC Linkage Model for Assessing Water Quality Management in an Estuarine Reservoir Separated by Levees." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093911.
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Estuarine reservoirs are available for use in various water resource systems. In agriculture, supplying irrigation water that meets water quality standards is essential for food safety. This study focused on the Ganwol estuarine reservoir in the midwestern region of South Korea, which suffers from water quality deterioration problems. To explore the water quality improvement in an estuarine reservoir, it is essential to understand the characteristics of water quality changes in the reservoir following water pollution control management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of water quality management on the estuarine reservoir, which is separated by levees, using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)-environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) linkage model. In this study, soil remediation by dredging the reservoir’s bottom soil and effluent control from public sewage treatment works were considered as the water management plans. The results of this study indicate that reducing the internal load of the reservoir increases internal resilience and reducing the external inflow load decreases the impact on the system. Hence, comprehensive measures are effective in improving water quality.
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Wang, Dong, Jin Yun Deng, Yi Tian Li, and Juan Juan Fang. "Study on the Impounding Process Optimization of Cascade Reservoirs in Upper Changjiang River." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2520.
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Overlapping storage periods of the cascade reservoirs would lead to the unreasonable using of the water resources, and each reservoir in the cascade might not be filled, that would influence the comprehensive benefit of the cascade reservoirs. In this paper, the Runoff regulation model of the cascade reservoirs is established and verified, the flood regulating calculation of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs is done, and based on the flood regulating calculation, the earliest dates of the starting impounding of the cascade reservoirs are as below: Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs are both not earlier than Sep.11, and Three Gorges Reservoir is not earlier than Sep.1. Then by using the comparative analysis and based on an overall analysis of generating electricity and transport of the cascade reservoirs, the most reasonable impounding date are calculated as below: the Xiluodu reservoir starts impounding in Sep.1, the Xiangjiaba reservoir starts impounding in Oct.1, and the Three Gorges Reservoir starts impounding in Sep.1.
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Zhang, Lei, Lunwei Zhu, Jianian Shen, and Qifei Huang. "A Three-Fold Classification of Tight Gas Based Primarily on Dynamic Relationship Between Gas Charging History and Reservoir Tightening Process and its Application." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101508010051.
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Building upon the foundation of the prior investigations, a three-fold classification of tight gas reservoirs is proposed in this paper which is based primarily on dynamic relationship between gas charging history and reservoir tightening process, coupled with tectonic evolution, source-reservoir relationship, migration and charging pattern. The three categories of tight gas are: (1) “pre-existing” basin-centered gas reservoir, in which the reservoir sands experienced earlystage tightening processes, occurring before peak gas generation, expulsion from source rock, and charging of reservoir; (2) “pre-existing subsequent-improved” tight gas reservoir, in which the reservoir sands were also tightened before gas charging and then underwent reservoirs improvement mainly caused by the tectonic activities; and (3) “subsequentconventional” tight gas reservoir where reserved sands were tightened after the peak of gas generation, expulsion from source rock, and charging of reservoir. This type of tight gas initially formed conventional gas accumulation during gas charging of reservoir, and subsequently modified to tight gas reservoir. All the three categories of tight gas have different geological conditions of gas accumulation and gas accumulation patterns, which can be used as characteristics to classify these tight gas systems, and thus have distinctive control on regional gas distribution. The results of applying this tight gas classification for an actual basin show that correctly distinguishing these three kinds of tight gas reservoirs from each other could contribute greatly to the exploration and development of tight gas reservoirs.
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Nielsen, PF, JA Funder, MØ Jensen, and H. Nygaard. "Influence of venous reservoir level on microbubbles in cardiopulmonary bypass." Perfusion 23, no. 6 (November 2008): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109104954.
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Patients undergoing open-heart surgery may, post-operatively, suffer from neurological disorders due to microbubbles created during extracorporeal circulation. Venous air is not completely removed in open hard-shell venous reservoirs. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between venous reservoir blood level and the amount of microbubbles in different commercially available reservoirs for comparison and determination of safe level. An in vitro flow loop with a heart-lung machine was used to compare three different reservoirs (Maquet, Sorin and Medtronic) at different levels. Microbubbles were measured after the reservoir and after the arterial filter with a GAMPT BCC200 detector. Microbubble count and volume were significantly higher with decreasing reservoir level ( p = 0.014), but not as much as earlier studies have shown. Reducing the level from 1000 ml to 250 ml resulted in a 12.4% increase in bubble volume after the reservoir and 40.2% after the arterial filter. There was an almost linear trend towards more bubble volume with decreasing reservoir level (R2 = 0.98-0.83). There was a significant difference in microbubbles between the 3 tested reservoirs, up to 32.6%, p < 0.001 measured after the reservoir. Bubble volume from the Sorin reservoir was markedly lower after the arterial filter than from the Medtronic and Maquet reservoirs (up to 60 times p < 0.001). A lower reservoir level results in a moderate rise in microbubbles passing the reservoir. The minimum levels recommended by the manufacturers are safe. There was a significant difference in bubbles between the different reservoirs, especially after the arterial filter.
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Munadi, Suprajitno, Samsul Hidayat, Julikah Julikah, Oki Hendriana, and Eko Susanto. "UNDERSTANDING NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 31, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.31.2.1003.
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Naturally fractured reservoir differs from clastic reservoirs in the sense that the concepts of porous media which were usually applied for clastic reservoir analysis must be modified. This means that handling naturally fractured reservoir is also different compared to handling clastic reservoir. The porosity may be changed a bit bigger but the permeability is drastically changed. Also at a depth where rock layers are usually tight, naturally fractured reservoirs converts it to become a good reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs can be found in some part of the Indonesian basin which may contribute a considerable additional reserves in the near future.
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Liang, Zhiming, Gao Fengxian, Zhang Hairong, Ren Yufeng, and Xiao Yao. "Research on the impact of upstream reservoirs regulation on the operation of Xiluodu Reservoir." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601101.
Full textAbstract:
In order to explore the influence of reservoirs regulation in the upper basin of Xiluodu Reservoir, 11 key reservoirs in the upper reaches of Xiluodu Reservoir are studied. Based on the analysis of its overall regulation performance, the data of upstream reservoir group from 2006 to 2016 is used to analyze the impact of the upstream reservoir group. By dividing scheduling period of Xiluodu Reservoir into different stages, the impact of each stage and the proportion of impacts of each river basin is analyzed, the degree of impact of each basin is clarified. The results reveals that the upstream reservoir group storage accounts for about 20% of the inflow of Xiluodu Reservoir, which can contribute to the actual dispatching work of Xiluodu Reservoir.
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Wang, Haixia, Ying Zhao, and Wenyuan Fu. "Utilizing the Sobol’ Sensitivity Analysis Method to Address the Multi-Objective Operation Model of Reservoirs." Water 15, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 3795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213795.
Full textAbstract:
The operation of reservoirs has significantly influenced the river ecological system. Upholding the ecological integrity of rivers during reservoir operations has been the focus of research over the years. When the Dahuofang reservoir project started, focus moved to ecological goals to address the Biliuhe reservoir’s environmental issues. The water strategy limits usage for various purposes and outlines the diversion route, complicating Biliuhe operations. In this study, to comprehend the effects of individual water level guidelines and their combined influence on these goals, the Sobol’ sensitivity analysis was introduced as an initial measure to tackle the optimization challenge. The results show that removing the insensitive water levels during specific periods of reservoir scheduling lines and beginning with sensitive water levels for local optimization to identify viable solutions, and then moving to wider optimization, significantly enhances the search efficiency, solution quality, and operational speed compared with an exhaustive search without any preceding steps. This sensitivity analysis technique is crucial for fine-tuning multi-objective reservoir operations.
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Jiang, Yanjiao, Jian Zhou, Xiaofei Fu, Likai Cui, Chao Fang, and Jiangman Cui. "Analyzing the Origin of Low Resistivity in Gas-Bearing Tight Sandstone Reservoir." Geofluids 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4341804.
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Complex characteristics exist in the resistivity response of Gs reservoirs in the central inversion belt of the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin. Some drilling wells have confirmed the existence of abnormally low resistivity in gas reservoirs of the area; and the electrical logging response was unable to reflect fluid properties of the reservoir accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the origin of the low resistivity and determine its controlling factors. Based on experimental data of core analysis and numerical simulations of mud invasion, this study thoroughly explores the origin of low resistivity in the subject gas-bearing reservoir considering both internal and external factors. The results indicated that when there is no or a low degree of mud invasion, the fine lithology, complex pore structure, additional clay mineral conductivity, and high content of pyrite are the main internal factors driving the conditions present in the studied gas reservoir. When mud invasion occurs, the invasion of highly saline mud is the main external cause of low resistivity. The numerical simulation results indicated that a formation with good permeability and high overbalance pressure has a deep invasion depth. The resistivity around the well is obviously reduced after the invasion, and low resistivity would form easily. Combined with actual data of several wells, the main influencing factors of the reservoir’s electrical characteristics were analyzed, and the main controlling factors of low resistivity in the gas reservoirs are given. This study provides valuable support for studying the low-contrast complex reservoir conductivity mechanism. The study also offers novel ideas for accurate calculation of saturation and the meticulous evaluation of reservoir for subsequent studies.
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Yuguda, Taitiya Kenneth, Yi Li, Bobby Shekarau Luka, and Goziya William Dzarma. "Incorporating Reservoir Greenhouse Gas Emissions into Carbon Footprint of Sugar Produced from Irrigated Sugarcane in Northeastern Nigeria." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 10380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410380.
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from reservoirs are responsible for at most 2% of the overall warming effects of human activities. This study aimed at incorporating the GHG emissions of a reservoir (with irrigation/sugar production as its primary purpose), into the carbon footprint of sugar produced from irrigated sugarcane. This study adopts a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach and encompasses the cradle-to-gate aspect of the international organization of standardization ISO 14040 guidelines. Results show that total carbon footprint of refined sugar could be as high as 5.71 kg CO2-eq/kg sugar, over its entire life cycle, depending on the priority of purposes allocated to a reservoir and sugarcane productivity. Findings also reveal that the dammed river contributes the most to GHG emissions 5.04 kg CO2-eq/kg sugar, followed by the agricultural stage 0.430 kg CO2-eq/kg sugar, the sugar factory 0.227 kg CO2-eq/kg sugar, and lastly the transportation stage 0.065 kg CO2-eq/kg sugar. The sensitivity analysis shows that carbon footprint CF of sugar production is largely influenced by the rate of biomass decomposition in the impounded reservoir over time, followed by the reservoir drawdown due to seasonal climatic fluctuations. Significant amounts of GHG emissions are correlated with the impoundment of reservoirs for water resource development projects, which may account for up to 80% of total GHG emissions to the reservoir’s primary purpose. Sugar production expansion, coupled with allocating more functions to a reservoir, significantly influences the CF of sugar per service purpose. This study is an indicator for policymakers to comprehend and make plans for the growing tradeoffs amongst key functions of reservoirs.
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Hoffman, Monty, and James Crafton. "Multiphase flow in oil and gas reservoirs." Mountain Geologist 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.54.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
The porous rocks that make up oil and gas reservoirs are composed of complex combinations of pores, pore throats, and fractures. Pore networks are groups of these void spaces that are connected by pathways that have the same fluid entry pressures. Any fluid movement in pore networks will be along the pathways that require the minimum energy expenditure. After emplacement of hydrocarbons in a reservoir, fluid saturations, capillary pressure, and energy are in equilibrium, a significant amount of the reservoir energy is stored at the interface between the fluids. Any mechanism that changes the pressure, volume, chemistry, or temperature of the fluids in the reservoir results in a state of energy non-equilibrium. Existing reservoir engineering equations do not address this non-equilibrium condition, but rather assume that all reservoirs are in equilibrium. The assumption of equilibrium results in incorrect descriptions of fluid flow in energy non-equilibrium reservoirs. This, coupled with the fact that drilling-induced permeability damage is common in these reservoirs, often results in incorrect conclusions regarding the potential producibility of the well. Relative permeability damage, damage that can change which fluids are produced from a hydrocarbon reservoir, can occur even in very permeable reservoirs. Use of dependent variables in reservoir analysis does not correctly describe the physics of fluid flow in the reservoir and will lead to potentially incorrect answers regarding producibility of the reservoir.