Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réservoir de gaz'
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Curtelin, Raphaël. "Décompression d'un réservoir de propane liquéfié." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0168.
Full textViguier, Françoise. "Ecoulements diphasiques lors de la vidange d'un réservoir de gaz liquéfiés sous pression. Comparaison Eau - CFC11-CFC113." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844457.
Full textJeandel, Elodie. "Monitoring géochimique par couplage entre les gaz rares et les isotopes du carbone : étude d'un réservoir naturel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399871.
Full textLe développement d'outils de surveillance fiables pour s'assurer de la pérennité et de la sécurité des stockages est un préalable à la mise en œuvre des tels sites.
Dans ce cadre, une méthodologie de monitoring géochimique combinant la géochimie des gaz rares et des isotopes du carbone a été testée sur des analogues naturels et industriels.
Sur les analogues naturels de contextes géologiques variés, des comportements systématiques des paramètres géochimiques en fonction du confinement des sites ont pu être révélés, attestant de l'efficacité de ces outils en termes de détection des fuites et en tant que traceurs du comportement du CO2 dans les futurs sites de stockage.
De plus, une expérience de traçage géochimique sur un stockage de gaz naturel a démontré qu'il est possible d'identifier les processus physico-chimiques se déroulant dans le réservoir à l'échelle humaine, renforçant l'intérêt pour l'outil proposé et apportant des informations méthodologiques sur son utilisation.
Viguier, Françoise. "Écoulements diphasiques lors de la vidange d'un réservoir de gaz liquéfiés sous pression. Comparaison Eau - CFC11-CFC113." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844457.
Full textJeandel, Elodie. "Monitoring géochimique par couplage entre les gaz rares et les isotopes du carbon : étude d'un réservoir naturel." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112318.
Full textTo limit emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, CO2 geological sequestration appears as a solution in the fight against climate change. The development of reliable monitoring tools to ensure the sustainability and the safety of geological storage is a prerequisite for the implementation of such sites. In this framework, a geochemical method using noble gas and carbon isotopes geochemistry has been tested on natural and industrial analogues. The study of natural analogues from different geological settings showed systematic behaviours of the geochemical parameters, depending on the containment sites, and proving the effectiveness of these tools in terms of leak detection and as tracers of the behaviour of CO2. Moreover, an experience of geochemical tracing on a natural gas storage has demonstrated that it is possible to identify the physical-chemical processes taking place in the reservoir to a human time scale, increasing interest in the proposed tool and providing general informations on its use
Oladyshkin, Sergey. "Découplage de la thermodynamique et hydrodynamique et solutions asymptotiques des problèmes d'écoulement compositionnel gaz-liquide en milieux poreux." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL059N/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the problem of the compositional gas-liquid flow for the well representation in reservoir simulations. The objective is to develop analytical relationships which would be able to link the wellbore pressure, saturation and component concentrations to their mean values within each zone of the well influence. It is shown that N-2 equations describing the transport of phase concentrations can be transformed into the space- and time-independent ordinary differential equations (differentiation with respect to pressure) when examined along flow streamlines. These transformed equations represent additional thermodynamic relations reducing the thermodynamic degree of freedom. Due to this the thermodynamic variance of the limit compositional model is shown to be equal to 1 for any number of chemical components. This transformation ensure a total splitting of the limit compositional model into the new thermodynamic model and a hydrodynamic model, which may be resoved inedpendently of one another. The split thermodynamic model is totally independent on the hydrodynamic one, and describes the equilibrium behaviour of an open gas-liquid system. This model contains the classic equilibrium equations and EOS, as well as N-2 new differential equations called the "delta-law" which determine the composition variation in an open system, in which the mass of each component is not conserved. The split hydrodynamic model consists of two equations for pressure and saturation. The split hydrodynamic model was used to develop asymptotic solutions of gas-condensate flow problems. The problem was shown to be singularly perturbed with formation of a boundary layer in the vicinity of the well. In this layer the basic contrast property of gas and liquid mobilities is perturbed. A special technique is developed which enables to construct asymptotic expansions in the form of two various series, one of them is valid far from the well (the exterior expansion), while the second one in valid in the vicinity of the well (the boundary-layer or interior expansion). By applying the suggested asymptotic method, we have developed the asymptotic solutions for the problem of multi-component gas-condensate flow to a well in a bounded domain at a variable flow rate. In several cases the solution may be obtained in the analytical form, while in general case of flow the method leads to a semi-analytical solution presented as an initial problem for a differential equation. This solution, even being presented in non-analytical form, is much simpler than the original compositional model, as the equation for saturation does not depend on the local pressure, but on the boundary pressure only. In the last chapter we extended this approach to the case when the capillary pressure is not neglected. We assumed however that the capillary forces are lower than the pressure difference between the wellbore and reservoir boundary, due to which we applied the perturbation method over the small inverse capillary number. The improved asymptotic solutions are obtained which take into account the capillary effect. Numerical simulations shown that these effects are maximal in the vicinity of the well. For the practice, the obtained asymptotic solutions may be used in the following way to resolve the problem of gas-condensate well representation. The case of a long-term exploitation of the reservoir}. First of all, the traditional simulation of the reservoir behaviour can be performed with ECLIPSE by adding the Peaceman method of well representation, which is an analytical relation for the wellbore pressure via the production rate. This relation includes a condensate saturation which can be evaluated as a mean reservoir saturation. Such a simulation provides a good result for the wellbore pressure (or the production rate), and a good result for the boundary saturation, but poor data for the wellbore saturation. This value can be calculated next by using the asymptotic solutions suggested in the presented project. The case of a short-term well production (a well test). It is sufficient to simulate the reservoir behaviour in the domain of the well influence, by assuming that the boundary state remains invariable (and known a priori). In this case the asymptotic solutions suggested in the presnet work can be directly used to simulate the problem (without using ECLIPSE)
Lemembre, Alain. "Evolution par convection naturelle d'une stratification formée de deux couches liquides dans un réservoir cylindrique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0618.
Full textVidal, Sandrine. "Méthodologie d'interprétation des paramètres réservoir à partir des mesures du monitoring sismique, intégrant l'aspect géomécanique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066369.
Full textFournier, François. "Evolution de l'édifice carbonaté du champ de gaz de Malampaya, Tertiaire, offshore Palawan, Philippines : implications pour la caractérisation du réservoir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11025.
Full textThe Malampaya carbonate reservoir (Late Eocene to Early Miocene) is located offshore North-Palawan Island , Philippines. The integration of sedimentological, diagenetical, geochemical, micropalaeontological and stratigraphical analyses from subsurface data (cores, well-logs and high-resolution 3D seismic) allowed the reconstruction of the Malampaya carbonate build-up evolution at various time and space scales (parasequence and seismic sequence scales) and the identification of its controlling factors (carbonate producers, eustacy, tectonics, climate and oceanography). The reservoir subdivision into metre-scale intervals is related to the development of high-frequency subaerially exposed cycles in the inner-shelf (time scale: 10-100ka). Decametre-scale diagenetic bodies developed in relation with low-frequency evolution of the carbonate system (time scale ~1-10Ma), mainly controlled by tectonic deformation
Veneau, Barros-Carvalho Tania. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la décompression d'un réservoir de stockage de propane." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0082.
Full textWazir, Ibtihal. "Contrôles sédimentaires et diagénétiques sur les propriétés pétrophysiques des réservoirs gréseux à gaz des bassins de Sbaa, Algérie, et des Palmyrides-Sud, Syrie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018496.
Full textLavest, Pascal. "Modélisation de la structure interne des réservoirs de type fluviatile : application sur un site de stockage de gaz en aquifère." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_LAVEST_P.pdf.
Full textBonnaud, Estelle. "Hétérogénéités compositionnelles dans les réservoirs de gaz acides : compréhension et modélisation du rôle d'un aquifère actif." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00752403.
Full textFu, Xiaojian. "Coupure Hydraulique et Potentiel de Production en Gaz de Réservoirs de Grès « Tight » : Etude Expérimentale." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0021/document.
Full textSo-called tight gas reservoirs are constituted of low permeability sandstones, which petro-physical properties may interfere with proper gas recovery. They have a low absolute permeability (below 0.1 mD under ambient conditions), a porosity lower than 10%, and a strong sensitivity to in situ stresses as compared to conventional reservoirs. Moreover, an important transition zone is observed in situ, where partial water saturation is present, and which may extend over several hundred meters over the free water table. In such zone, where water saturation is on the order of 40-50%, neither gas nor water seems sufficiently mobile for industrial extraction: this is the permeability jail. Our aim is to assess their actual petro-physical properties, namely porosity, gas permeability under varying hydrostatic stress and water saturation level, in relation with sandstone microstructure. Accessible water porosity measured is between 2 to 12%. The intrinsic permeability to gas did not appeared related to the porosity of samples. A high sensitivity of gas permeability to confinement was observed. Two families of samples were identified. The more permeable samples (permeability between 100-1000 μD), are relatively insensitive to confinement and their relative permeability decrease for water saturation higher than 50%. Less permeable samples appear much more sensitive to mechanical loading and saturation.Methods classically used in oil and gas industry based on the interpretation of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests have also been used to evaluate relative permeability and compared with experimental measurements
Sin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058/document.
Full textHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Sin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058.
Full textHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Blassiau, Sébastien. "Modélisation des phénomènes microstructuraux au sein d'un composite unidirectionnel carbone/epoxy et prédiction de durée de vie : contrôle et qualification de réservoirs bobinés." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159405.
Full textBonnaud, Estelle. "Hétérogénéités compositionnelles dans les réservoirs de gaz acides : compréhension et modélisation du rôle d'un aquifère actif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0032.
Full textThe H2S occurrence in gas reservoirs is an important factor of economic depreciation. Thus, the knowledge of its content and distribution is a critical parameter when planning field development. Under typical reservoirs conditions of pressure and temperature, H2S is far more soluble than hydrocarbons and other gases. The preferential leaching of H2S by an active aquifer over time could explain the creation of compositional heterogeneities. The thesis aims at illustrating and quantifying this process based on numerical simulations performed with the two-phase transport and geochemical software Hytec, developed by Mines ParisTech (France). This mechanism may be controlled by: Differential solubility of gases, which changes the relative amounts of each gas near the gas-watercontact; Contact with an active aquifer, which can export the dissolved gases thus enhancing dissolution on the long-term; Diffusional transport in the gas phase, which transfers the compositional anomalies farther from the gas-water contact; Geological parameters (type of aquifer, permeability heterogeneities) which can modify the transport scenario
Gadois, Carole. "Traitement de surface sur le titane et caractérisation physico-chimique des interfaces adhésif-titane pour la réalisation d'un réservoir de gaz haute pression destiné à l'aérospatiale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066084.
Full textThis thesis has been conducted in the frame of the FRESCORT project in partnership with EADS Astrium and ATMOSTAT. The objective is the design and fabrication of a high-pressure helium tank for aerospace applications. The tank is made of a 0. 3mm thick T35 titanium liner coated by a composite material filament. The adhesion between the titanium surface and the composite, crucial for the assembly, is provided by an industrial epoxy-amine thermally cured adhesive. Bonding strength is strongly dependent on the surface treatment of titanium. Mechanical brushing currently performed on TA6V is less suitable for T35 liners which are easily deformable. The main objective of this PhD thesis was then to propose an alternative surface treatment to brushing. Chemical, electrochemical, thermal and plasma treatments have been performed on the T35 surface. These treatments significantly alter the morphology, the surface composition, the degree of hydroxylation and the surface free energy. One part of the thesis was focused on the characterization of the non treated and treated T35, TA6V alloys and pure titanium surfaces. The next part thesis presents the fundamental approach to study the adsorption of primary amines and industrial epoxy-amine on the surface of titanium and/or titanium oxide surfaces subjected to different treatments by means of XPS. Primary amines are adsorbed on the surface of titanium oxide by Brønsted and Lewis acid-base interactions. Lewis interactions are predominant compared to Brønsted interactions, regardless of the amine and the extent of hydroxylation of the surface, but the proportion of Lewis interactions decreases as the level of hydroxylation increases. The ToF-SIMS and profilometry studies conducted on TiO2 deposited on Si wafers show a significant influence of the amines on the thickness and the porosity of the titanium oxide layer. Finally, this thesis presents the shear tests on specimens bonded with the industrial adhesive. These tests show that the plasma treatment is a good alternative to brushing. Thick and porous layers of titanium oxide are shown to be inappropriate for adhesive bonding
Blassiau, Sébastien. "Modélisation des phénomènes microstructuraux a sein d’un composite unidirectionnel carbone/epoxy et prédiction de durée de vie : contrôle et qualification de réservoirs bobinés." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1304.
Full textThomas, Cédric. "Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement des composites fibres de carbone / matrice polyamide : application à la réalisation de réservoirs de stockage de gaz sous haute pression de type IV." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00656807.
Full textKazantsev, Alexandre. "Perturbations d'amplitude du bruit ambiant au droit des hétérogéneités : étude de faisabilité pour l'exploration et la surveillance de réservoirs multi-fluide." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM075/document.
Full textThis PhD work investigates the possible elastic mechanisms behind the ambient noise amplification above multi-phase fluid reservoirs. Three datasets are analysed above different reservoirs. The observed spectral signature is different in the gas storage and geothermal contexts. A non-supervised algorithm for amplitude spectrum classification is developed, allowing to extract and map the relevant attributes of a multi-phase fluid presence. As a first modelling step, a wavefield characterisation methodology is applied to determine the composition of the ambient noise. It reveals the presence of strong Rayleigh overtones. Numerical 2D elastic modelling is used to simulate the propagation of overtones across a reservoir within a realistic geological structure. The modelled reservoir response is too small compared to the real data. However, the small amplitude perturbations arising in the numerical simulations are successfully inverted for the position of the reservoir, in simple background models. The developed method could in theory be used for imaging small time-lapse amplitude variations (monitoring), despite the obstacles remaining to be overcome before a real-data application. Neither visco-elastic nor 3D effects are adressed. Thus this work does not exclude the possibility of strong reservoir-specific spectral anomalies
Kazantsev, Alexandre. "Perturbations d'amplitude du bruit ambiant au droit des hétérogéneités : étude de faisabilité pour l'exploration et la surveillance de réservoirs multi-fluide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM075.
Full textThis PhD work investigates the possible elastic mechanisms behind the ambient noise amplification above multi-phase fluid reservoirs. Three datasets are analysed above different reservoirs. The observed spectral signature is different in the gas storage and geothermal contexts. A non-supervised algorithm for amplitude spectrum classification is developed, allowing to extract and map the relevant attributes of a multi-phase fluid presence. As a first modelling step, a wavefield characterisation methodology is applied to determine the composition of the ambient noise. It reveals the presence of strong Rayleigh overtones. Numerical 2D elastic modelling is used to simulate the propagation of overtones across a reservoir within a realistic geological structure. The modelled reservoir response is too small compared to the real data. However, the small amplitude perturbations arising in the numerical simulations are successfully inverted for the position of the reservoir, in simple background models. The developed method could in theory be used for imaging small time-lapse amplitude variations (monitoring), despite the obstacles remaining to be overcome before a real-data application. Neither visco-elastic nor 3D effects are adressed. Thus this work does not exclude the possibility of strong reservoir-specific spectral anomalies
Nikoosokhan, Saeid. "Stockage géologique du dioxyde de carbone dans les veines de charbon : du matériau au réservoir." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787962.
Full textHenrion, Eric. "Suivi géodésique des réservoirs souterrains." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Henrion_Eric_2019_ED413.pdf.
Full textThis study focuses on underground reservoirs, used for gas storage in salt caverns, and geothermal energy production. The objective is to develop a methodology using spatial geodesy (InSAR and GNSS) to extract a maximum of information from the surface deformation resulting from underground processes (pressure and volume variations). The vegetated areas overhanging the studied reservoirs are subject to significant temporal decorrelation, which is unfavourable for an efficient application of InSAR. The results show that it is possible to extract multi-millimeter displacements by combining these two techniques. This work also shows that InSAR can be used as a warning tool via fast processing, a compromise between speed and accuracy. The availability of Sentinel-1 data (free) offers unrivalled monitoring prospects in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, logistics and economics
El, khoury Christine. "Seismic ambient noise amplitude anomalies induced by an anticline structure : application to the context of gas reservoirs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLM100.
Full textSpectral anomalies in the seismic ambient noise, defined as strong spectral amplification of the vertical component at frequencies of 1 to 5 Hertz, are commonly observed above gas reservoirs. If properly understood, these anomalies could have a potential for fluid reservoir exploration or monitoring. The nature of these anomalies was mainly explained by the geological structure more than the fluid reservoir itself, for purely elastic waves. Analysis on real datasets of ambient noise measurements shows that surface waves, mainly fundamental mode, are the main contributors to the anomaly. This work further explores how Rayleigh waves interact with an anticline structure, a typical geological trap for a hydrocarbon reservoir. Analysis of the spectral signature of an anticline structure is performed for different source configurations, to finally provide a relationship linking the anticline geometrical and elastic parameters to the induced anomaly for the case of the fundamental mode Rayleigh waves
Kracha, Nihed. "Relations entre sédimentologie, fracturation naturelle, et diagenèse d'un réservoir à faible perméabilité : application aux réservoirs de l'Ordovicien du bassin de l'Ahnet, Sahara central, Algérie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10188/document.
Full textThis PHD subject is related to the "Characterization of nonconventional reservoirs". It’s purpose is to understand the interactions between sedimentary facies, fracturation and digenesis in a tight gas reservoir, in order to predict its hydraulic properties. This approach was applied to the "Quarzites de Hamra" formation, which is one of the most prolific reservoirs in the Algerian Paleozoic basins. This formation was deposited during Arenig time, in a shallow marine setting, and underwent during its burial history an important quartz cementation which modified its mechanical properties and porosity. Natural fractures are present at all levels and mitigate low matrix porosities, but their geometric attributes still poorly understood and difficult to predict. The thesis was focused on two field cases, located on the Panafrican suture zone, and a tight gas field located in the central part of Ahnet basin. The multi-disciplinary approach we used integrates satellite imagery, field and well data, and laboratory techniques. The results obtained show that the "Quarzites de Hamra" formation was deposited in a tidal clastic ramp. The fracture system is mainly controlled by the presence of faults. The quartz cementation was favored by the mineralogical maturity of the facies and their high mococristalline quartz content. The source of silica is internal, and related to pressure-solution phenomena. The digenetic history is succeeded by a complex history of deformation, during which a system of veins with crack-seal texture was created, followed by hydrothermal circulations resulting mainly in precipitation of phosphates and iron hydroxides
Rubert, Yolaine. "Contribution à la connaissance des migrations de CO2 naturel dans le Bassin du Sud-Est de la France : enseignements pour le stockage géologique du CO2 dans les réservoirs sédimentaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452660.
Full textMaurer, Olivier. "Étude de la distribution des espèces soufrées et de la formation de l'hydrogène sulfuré dans les stockages de gaz naturel en aquifère." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569430.
Full textPupier, Olivier. "Equilibres de co-adsorption de mélanges gazeux : application au stockage du gaz naturel." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0571.
Full textThe knowledge and the comprehension of the co-adsorption's phenomena present in many industrial processes, guided the realization of this memory. In a first part, and framework of NGV's topic with ANG technology, the importance of these phenomena of co-adsorption is highlighted. A series of 730 cycles of loading - unloading of a storage tank with NG was carried out. This one made it possible to quantify a total loss in the storage capacity of the tank of about 50 %. Moreover, by chromatographic analysis, the specific influence of each component of the GN was given. In a second part, a dynamic volumetry device, developed at the laboratory for the acquisition of co-adsorption isotherms of binary mixtures, was presented. From measurements carried out on a commercial activated carbon for the binary CH4 - CO2, this apparatus has been validated to 273 and 298 K, and for pressures going up to 1 MPa. The co-adsorption model IAST (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory), while using experimental isotherms of pure gases, was confronted with the results of the binary CH4 - CO2 : a lower deviation than 5 % was observed between computed values and experimental. The model MPD (Myers-Prausnitz-Dubinin), integrating the modeling of the isotherms of adsorption of pure gases according to the formalism of DA (Dubinin - Asthakov) in model IAST, was also tested and gives a good adequacy between computed values and experimental. This model MPD constitutes a particularly interesting and reliable working tool which could be easily integrated in simulation's models of industrial processes
Hagemann, Birger. "Numerical and Analytical Modeling of Gas Mixing and Bio-Reactive Transport during Underground Hydrogen Storage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0328/document.
Full textIn the context of energy revolution large quantities of storage capacity are required for the integration of strongly fluctuating energy production from wind and solar power plants. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen is one of the technical possibilities. The technology of underground hydrogen storage (UHS), where hydrogen is stored in subsurface formations similar to the storage of natural gas, is currently in the exploratory focus of several European countries. Compared to the storage of natural gas in subsurface formations, which is established since many years, hydrogen shown some significant differences in its hydrodynamic and bio-chemical behavior. These aspects were investigated in the present thesis by different analytical and numerical approaches
Matskova, Natalia. "Approche multi-échelle pour la caractérisation de l'espace poreux des réservoirs pétroliers argileux non conventionnels." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2276.
Full textGas shale reservoirs are characterized by pore systems, associated with a heterogeneous spatial distribution of mineral and organic phases at multiple scales. This high heterogeneity requires a multi-scale & multi-tool approach to characterize the pore network. Such an approach has been developed on 7 cores from the Vaca Muerta formation (Argentina), which belong to areas with various hydrocarbon maturities, but with comparable mineral compositions. 3D µtomography and quantitative 2D mapping of the connected porosity by autoradiography have been applied at the core scale, in aim to localize and analyze the spatial heterogeneities, and to identify similar homogenous areas for localizing comparable sub-samples.The correlative coupling of various techniques was applied to achieve quantitative balance of porosity and pore size distribution, from mm to nm scales on representative sub-samples and for the first time, on preserved blocks rather than crushed powders, even for nitrogen gas adsorption experiments. Results of autoradiography are in very good agreement with other total bulk porosities, indicating that all pores are connected and accessed by the 14C-MMA used for impregnation. Decreased total porosity and pore throat/body sizes were also observed as organic matter maturity increased. An innovative approach for electron microscopy images acquisition and treatment provided large mosaics, with the distribution of mineral and organic phases at the cm scale. The correlative coupling with the autoradiography porosity map of the same zone, revealed the spatial correlations between mineralogical variations and porosity
Renard, Stéphane. "Rôle des gaz annexes sur l'évolution géochimique d'un site de stockage de dioxyde de carbone : application à des réservoirs carbonatés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL025N/document.
Full textCapture and geological storage of CO2 are an main option to limit GHEG emissions of industrial poles and power plants. The captured gases are not constituted by pure CO2 but contain a fraction (until 10 %) of other gases : Ar, N2, SOx and NOx. Most of these gases are highly reactive and could have a strong influence on physical and chemical conditions of the milieu and on the environmement if contamination of neighbour aquifers occurs by leakages. Several laboratory experiments investigated the reactivity of carbonated reservoir and cap rocks from the Aquitaine Basin as well as the reactivity of synthetic mineralogical blends in geologically relevant P-T conditions. The rocks, associated to brine, were altered in presence of various gaseous components at 100 bar and 150°C during one month : pure CO2, pure SO2, pure NO and a CO2 mixture containing fractions of Ar, N2, SO2 and O2. Each experiment was compared with a blank in which the initial gas was replaced with pure N2. Pure CO2 show a limited reactivity on the rocks. NO and SO2 show a intrinsic reactivity by disproportionations in aqueous or vapour phases implying a high alteration of rocks by compled acid – base and oxidation mechanisms. The gas mixture show also a double reactivity : SO2 is oxidized in sulphuric acid dissolving carbonates and clay minerals and O2 oxidizes all reduced mineralogical phases. These gases even in limited fractions control the reactivity of rocks. Their presence could change the behaviour of the rock toward gas and induce positive as well as negative transformations. Their implication must be checked for each geological storage as a function of gas composition, mineralogy and petrophysical
Farah, Nicolas. "Flow Modelling in Low Permeability Unconventional Reservoirs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066503.
Full textUnconventional low permeability reservoirs present a multi-scale fractured media, including stimulated fractures and natural fractures of various sizes, increasing the heterogeneity and the complexity of the reservoir simulation. This work proposes a methodology to address this challenge, taking into account reservoir key parameters such as fractures locations, orientation, anisotropy and low permeability matrix in a unique model as simple as possible. Using standard Discrete Fracture Models (DFMs), the matrix-fracture interaction is not properly handled due to the large grid cells and very low matrix permeability. In this work, we extended the MINC (Multiple INteracting Continua) method to the DFM in order to improve the matrix-fracture flow exchange. Our DFM based on a MINC proximity function is computed by taking into account all discrete fractures, within a triple-porosity model where the propped fractures are explicitly discretized and other fractures are homogenized. In order to improve the flow exchange between the matrix and fracture media, the matrix grid cell is subdivided according to the MINC proximity function based on the distance to all discrete fractures, by using randomly sampled points. Our approach is particularly useful for multi-phase flow simulations in matrix-fracture interaction with phase change, which cannot be handled by a standard approach. Finally, we applied our technique to synthetic DFM case in a retrograde gas and a tight-oil reservoirs. A good agreement is observed by comparing our results to a reference solution where very fine grid cells were used
Kannengieser, Olivier. "Étude de l'ébullition sur plaque plane en microgravité, application aux réservoirs cryogéniques des fusées Ariane V." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT068H/document.
Full textBetween the different propulsion phases, the Ariane V rocket passes through microgravity periods and solar radiation can induce boiling in its cryogenics tanks. Experiments were performed during 6 parabolic flights and in a sounding rocket to study pool boiling in microgravity. In the parabolic flight experiments, the influence of pressure, subcooling and surface roughness was studied. It is showed that subcooling has a weak effect on microgravity boiling heat transfer, and that roughness is an important factor also in microgravity. Detailed results on the behavior of bubbles and on the superheated liquid layer show that the heat transfer mechanisms can be divided in two groups : the primary mechanisms which directly take energy from the wall and the secondary mechanisms which transport the energy stored in the fluid by the primary mechanisms, from the vicinity of the wall to the bulk liquid. The secondary mechanisms appear not to limit primary mechanism heat transfer which explains the weak influence of gravity on heat transfer. From the study of equations governing primary mechanisms and the definition of new scales, a correlation is built to predict heat transfer in microgravity for a wide variety of fluids. In the sounding rocket experiment, the influence of non-condensable gases was studied. The existence of two regimes of boiling heat transfer with non-condensable gas is established. The temperature in the primary bubble is directly measured and the influences of both Marangoni convection and non-condensable gas on both heat transfer and bubble growth are also considered
Farah, Nicolas. "Flow Modelling in Low Permeability Unconventional Reservoirs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066503/document.
Full textUnconventional low permeability reservoirs present a multi-scale fractured media, including stimulated fractures and natural fractures of various sizes, increasing the heterogeneity and the complexity of the reservoir simulation. This work proposes a methodology to address this challenge, taking into account reservoir key parameters such as fractures locations, orientation, anisotropy and low permeability matrix in a unique model as simple as possible. Using standard Discrete Fracture Models (DFMs), the matrix-fracture interaction is not properly handled due to the large grid cells and very low matrix permeability. In this work, we extended the MINC (Multiple INteracting Continua) method to the DFM in order to improve the matrix-fracture flow exchange. Our DFM based on a MINC proximity function is computed by taking into account all discrete fractures, within a triple-porosity model where the propped fractures are explicitly discretized and other fractures are homogenized. In order to improve the flow exchange between the matrix and fracture media, the matrix grid cell is subdivided according to the MINC proximity function based on the distance to all discrete fractures, by using randomly sampled points. Our approach is particularly useful for multi-phase flow simulations in matrix-fracture interaction with phase change, which cannot be handled by a standard approach. Finally, we applied our technique to synthetic DFM case in a retrograde gas and a tight-oil reservoirs. A good agreement is observed by comparing our results to a reference solution where very fine grid cells were used
Enciso, Cárdenas Juan José. "Estudio de las propiedades de adsorción – desorción de gases en los sistemas petroleros no convencionales en México y su aplicacion al modelo cinético de generación de hidrocarburos." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0220/document.
Full textThe main objective of this research was to conduct a study of the gas adsorption/desorption properties in unconventional reservoirs located in the north-eastern Mexico. For this, previously was carried a literature review concerning gas exploration retaking existing research works in Sabinas Basin and Chihuahua Basin (Camacho Ortegón 2009, De la O Burrola, 2013), in order to understand their behavior from the viewpoint of unconventional reservoirs. The works of these authors include models that describe the thermomechanical history of the Sabinas Basin, geological events that define the behavior of the petroleum system, its evolution and its relationship with hydrocarbon generation. To continue with the development of this project, in 2012 a sampling campaign was performed in charge of the Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM), providing a total of 50 samples divided between the Sabinas Basin and the Chihuahua Basin, for their characterization. The general characterization included: (1) immediate or primary moisture and ash analysis (2) elemental analysis (C, H, O, N, and S) for determining, (3) petrographic analysis to determine the organic matter type (4) Rock-Eval®6 Pyrolysis, to know its oil potential generation. Together, these analyzes allowed us to evaluate and select 10 samples divided between the study basins, to develop adsorption/desorption tests and interpretation of parameters affecting the adsorption process. For the Sabinas Basin, there were observed storage capacities of methane gas of 202.11 scf/ton (7.07m3/ton) to 364.76 scf/ton (10.47m3/ton), whereas for the Chihuahua basin there were presented lower capacities of sorption, with a rank from 0.84 scf/ton (0.023m3/ton) to 3.48 scf/ton (0.084m3/ton). The tests results of adsorption/desorption let us carry out an interpretation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples, that influencing in the storage capacity of gas in the kerogen. Anticipating as a general conclusion that, the gas adsorption increases with the rank/maturity. Also, it was studied the influence of the maceral composition in the process of sorption and, it was verified that the capacity of gas storage is closely related to the vitrinite content. Which led us to return to the statements of some authors (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012) who verified that the capacity of adsorption on base to COT increases in the next order: type I < type II < type III. This was attributed to the greater capacity of adsorption of the vitrinite in comparison with other macerals types. In this regard, and carrying out a thorough observation to the kinetic models, and mainly in the adsorption factors (W) proposed by the most recent version of the Software PetroMod (Type I, W=0.80), (Type II W=0.75) and (Type III W=0.68), it was found a discrepancy regarded to the bibliography reported by (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012). In this context, the results of adsorption/desorption gas of this research were retaken to make the calculation of the adsorption factor (W) to build and propose a new kinetic model applicable to the simulation process of the Software PetroMod for the hydrocarbons generation, taking into account the adsorption of the hydrocarbons produced. The new kinetic model allowed us propose a readjust to the geochemical modeling for the Sabinas basin, comparing at the same time the effect and the influence of the adsorption factors at the moment of the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons. This kinetic model through the Factor (W) results important, since it takes the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbons into the source rock, this factor evidently induces a control on the behavior of unconventional character for the source rock, thus producing a change into the expulsion balance of the hydrocarbons from the kerogen. The results obtained from the methodology, [...]
El objetivo principal de esta investigación, fue realizar un estudio de las propiedades de adsorción/desorción de gas en los reservorios no convencionales ubicados en la porción noreste de México. Para ello, se realizó previamente una revisión bibliográfica sobre la prospección del gas, retomando trabajos de investigación ya existentes para la Cuenca de Sabinas y la Cuenca de Chihuahua (Camacho Ortegón 2009, De la O Burrola, 2013), con el fin de comprender su comportamiento desde el punto de vista de los yacimientos no convencionales.Los trabajos de estos autores incluyen modelos que describen la historia termomecánica de la Cuenca de Sabinas, los eventos geológicos que definen el comportamiento del sistema petrolero, su evolución y su relación con la generación de hidrocarburos. Para continuar con el desarrollo de este proyecto, se llevó a cabo una campaña de muestreo a cargo del Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM), el cual nos proporcionó un total de 50 muestras divididas entre las cuencas de Sabinas y Chihuahua, para su caracterización. La caracterización general incluyó: (1) Análisis inmediatos o primarios de humedad y ceniza, (2) Análisis elemental para la determinación de (C, H, O, N, y S), (3) Análisis petrográfico para determinar el tipo de materia orgánica, (4) Pirolisis Rock-Eval®6 para conocer su potencial petrolífero. El conjunto de estos análisis nos permitieron evaluar y seleccionar 10 muestras divididas entre las cuencas de estudio, para desarrollar los ensayos de adsorción/desorción y la interpretación de los parámetros que influyen en el proceso de adsorción. Para la Cuenca de Sabinas, se observaron capacidades de almacenamiento de gas metano de 202.11 scf/ton (7.07m3/ton) a 364.76 scf/ton (10.47m3/ton), mientras que en la Cuenca de Chihuahua se presentaron capacidades de sorción más bajas, con un rango de 0.84 scf/ton (0.023m3/ton) a 3.48 scf/ton (0.084m3/ton). Estos resultados nos permitieron interpretar las características físicas y químicas que influyen en la capacidad de almacenamiento del gas en el kerógeno. Anticipando como conclusión general que: la adsorción del gas aumenta con el rango/madurez. También se estudio la influencia de la composición maceral en el proceso de sorción y se verificó que la capacidad de almacenamiento de gas está íntimamente relacionada al contenido de vitrinita. Esto nos condujó a retomar las declaraciones de algunos autores (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012) quienes verificaron que la capacidad de adsorción en base al COT aumenta en el siguiente orden: tipo I < tipo II < tipo III. Esto se atribuyó a que la vitrinita tiene una mayor capacidad de adsorción, en comparación con otros tipos de macerales. En este sentido se llevó a cabo una minuciosa observación a los modelos cinéticos y principalmente en los factores de adsorción (W) propuestos por la versión más reciente del Software PetroMod®12 (Tipo I, W=0.80), (Tipo II W=0.75) y (Tipo III W=0.68).Se encontró una discrepancia respecto a la bibliografía reportada por (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012). Por lo que se retomaron los resultados de adsorción/desorción de gas de esta investigación para realizar el cálculo del factor (W), para construir y proponer un nuevo modelo cinético aplicable al proceso simulación del Software PetroMod®, tomando en cuenta la adsorción. El nuevo modelo cinético nos permitió proponer un reajuste al modelado geoquímico de la Cuenca de Sabinas, realizando al mismo tiempo una comparación del efecto de los factores de adsorción en el momento de la generación y expulsión de hidrocarburos. Este modelo cinético por medio del Factor (W), toma en cuenta la cantidad de hidrocarburos adsorbidos en la roca generadora, induciendo un comportamiento de carácter no convencional para la roca generadora, produciendo así un cambio en el balance de expulsión de hidrocarburos del kerógeno. [...]
Ben, Baccar Mohamed Ennaceur. "Modélisation géochimique de la diagénèse minérale et de ses conséquences sur la porosité des réservoirs." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1A004.
Full textDang, Hong Lam. "Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des réservoirs fracturés à double porosité et double perméabilité." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2001/document.
Full textFractured rock masses modeling is a challenge issue in many field of industry including but not limited to oiland gas exploitation. In the literature, fractured rock masse are in many cases recognized as double permeability medium in which fracture network provides the primary permeability and rock matrix plays asthe second one. The idea of dissociation of flow inside the fracture network and the matrix, the double permeability, is still challenged for fractured reservoirs. Numerous contributions on this issue have been presented in the past could be cast in two main approaches: continuum media approach and discontinuous approach. Each approach has its advantages and limitations. To overcome the limitation and to take advantage of these two approaches, the Embedded Fractured Continuum Approach (EFCA) which borrows the concept of continuum models and also incorporates the effect of explicit fractures is considered in this thesis. The principal idea of this approach lies on the concept of fracture cell representing a porous medium that has their own properties calculated from the properties of porous matrix and fractures intersecting it.The development in this work was conducted by using the library source code DEAL.II. The accuracy of EFCA was investigated through different verifications. Through some applications: determination of effective hydro-mechanical properties of an actual site, estimation of well production in which necessary fractures are modeled explicitly, we demonstrate the performance of the EFCA in the modeling fracture drock masses as well as the effect of double porosity and double permeability on behaviours of fractured reservoirs
Ringuette, Tommy. "Conception et réalisation d'un spectromètre d'absorption par diode laser accordable pour la mesure des concentrations et des flux de CO₂ et de CH₄ au-dessus des réservoirs hydroélectriques et de divers types de sols." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20151.
Full textO, Burrola Francisco de la. "Étude pétrographique et géochimique intégrée du charbon et de shale à gaz du bassin Sabinas et de Chihuahua au Nord du Mexique : estimation des ressources en gaz méthane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0233/document.
Full textThis comprehensive characterization study was performed using organic petrology and geochemistry conducted in the Sabinas basin and Chihuahua in northern Mexico. This information allowed a numerical modeling of gas formation, considering the thermal subsidence of coal and carbonaceous shales.The objectives of this thesis are: establish a characterization methodology for the studied rocks ; estimate potential gas generator and its regional distribution ; estimate the methane gas resources. For the development of this project, we conducted an intensive campaign representative sampling of coal, carbonaceous shales and coal gas "in situ". For the Sabinas basin were studied 97 samples and 114 samples in the basin of Chihuahua. The analyses carried out that were used on the samples analyzed allowed to characterize the kerogen and gas. The methodology used to cross petrographic and geochemical information to analyze the petroleum system by numerical modeling. Analyses were: Petrographic, reflectance %Ro, elemental analysis and immediate, Rock Eval6 ® (Bulk rock), isotopic analysis, [delta]13C, [delta]D, (coal gas), scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and analysis of macerals fluid inclusions. The analyzes that were used on the samples allowed to characterize the sample, the kerogen and gas. The methodology used to cross petrographic and geochemical information for analyze the oil system by numerical modeling. Analyses were: Petrographic, reflectance% Ro, elemental analysis and immediate, Rock Eval6 ® (Bulk rock), isotopic analysis, d13C, dD, (coal gas), scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and analysis of macerals fluid inclusions. A computer program was constructed to cross the information with the analysis of samples of artificial maturation experiments in the laboratory. This approach allowed estimation of methane gas resources generated by coal and carbonaceous shales. [...] In conclusion, between the two basins studied, the Sabinas basin, generates more gas for industrial exploitation. However, the rocks of the basin of Chihuahua unconventional types (shale gas) show good potential for hydrocarbon generation. The methodology used for the study of kerogen and gas in the two basins is in our opinion the most appropriate to meet the objectives proposed in this thesis. This allows to characterize the thermal evolution of coal, carbonaceous shale (shale gas), coal gas and hydrocarbon source rocks
Casenave, Viviane. "Architecture et dynamique des migrations d'hydrocarbures dans une couverture sédimentaire à hydrates de gaz : implications sur le système pétrolier (bassin du Bas Congo)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT143/document.
Full textEvidence of fluid flow features and their mechanisms of migration through the sedimentary pile are a known phenomenon on continental margins. It has been widely studied over the past twenty years, notably due to the improved resolution of seismic data and the abundance of data in these areas due to oil and gas exploration.The Lower Congo basin, offshore West Africa, is a prolific petroleum province that has been extensively studied, and has been in operation for over 30 years. The area of interest is located above a producing oil field (the Moho license), in which hydrocarbons are trapped in turbidite channels. The work is primarily based on the analysis of geophysical data including 3D and 2D-THR seismic, multibeam bathymetry and corresponding backscatter, as well as background data (samples taken from ROV photos, geochemical analyses).The analysis of this important seismic dataset revealed abundant evidence of fluid migration in the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary pile. They mainly correspond to indications of vertically focused migration, including current fluid expulsion structures on the seafloor, and buried structures, interpreted as fossile and indicating former activity of the fluid expulsion system. The studied fluid migration features mainly consist of pockmarks (depressions) and carbonate cementations. These two types of indicators can build vertical stacks, over several hundred meters, highlighting the durability of the fluid escapes and suggesting the development of real pipes.A new type of pockmarks has been discovered, the spider structures, which are located above a turbiditic reservoir, and which result from a focused migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons. They are related to gas hydrates, in the context of a sloping BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector), due to the presence of the hydrate wedge. A dynamic model of their functioning is proposed, showing that these structures develop upslope, due to the gas migration under the sloping BSR. A study of the BSR, in the particular context of the hydrates wedge, allows to propose a model of gas escapes, linked to the dissociation of the hydrates, during a sea level fall. This model presents a dissociation of gas hydrates of regional scale (associated with biogenic gas), localized at the gas hydrate wedge zone of the last lowstand. Finally, the network of fluid escape structures of the Mio-Pliocene interval was investigated in order to understand its architecture and the mechanisms of fluid migration in the study area. Hydrocarbons appear to migrate mainly along certain portions of faults and vertically crosscutting the sedimentary pile through pipes or chimneys. The base of the Pliocene, associated with a sea level fall, marks the formation of the first paleo-spiders, as well as a level containing numerous evidence of gas. A model of this network of fluid migrations is proposed, integrating the indicators of hydrocarbon migrations through the sedimentary pile, and the major event of the Pliocene base. This study seems to indicate that a the sea level fall constitute a trigger for the fluids migrations, in the basin.This work thus marks the starting point of a larger-scale investigation which consists in, on the one hand, searching for similar structures (spiders and bands of pockmarks) in other basins ; and, on the other hand, by comparing fluid flow events with the eustatic curve
Corvisier, Jérôme. "Implémentation des phénomènes de germination/mûrissement/croissance des phases solides secondaires dans un modèle de transport-réactif en milieu poreux géologique. Développement du code de calcul ARCHIMEDE." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102898.
Full textDans le code ARCHIMEDE (développé à l'E.N.S.M-S.E, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, en collaboration avec l'I.F.P, Institut Français du Pétrole), seule la partie géochimie est concernée. Outre quelques difficultés qui empêchaient de traiter les variations de volume occasionnées par les réactions et que nous nous sommes efforcés de résoudre en reprenant l'ensemble du programme, l'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été la conception et l'implémentation d'un modèle de germination/mûrissement/croissance pour les minéraux secondaires.
Notre démarche a consisté à analyser précisément l'apparition de nouveaux minéraux dans des assemblages naturels d'où ils sont absents initialement. Quelques simulations numériques ont permis de montrer les limites inhérentes à la représentation, inadaptée, de la précipitation de ce genre de minéraux par croissance cristalline. La mise en avant de ces faiblesses a défini alors le cadre pour un nouveau modèle de précipitation propre aux minéraux secondaires. Une étude détaillée de la phase de germination, à savoir l'apparition des premiers cristaux d'un minéral, a conduit à la construction d'un modèle pour sa cinétique. Par suite, la mise en compétition du processus de germination avec celui de croissance, destiné à prendre plus tard le relais de la production de volume du nouveau solide, a nécessité la prise en charge de cristaux de tailles variées et le recours au mûrissement d'Ostwald, via un calcul parallèle. Il en a résulté un algorithme élaboré pour gérer, pour chaque minéral secondaire, la phase initiale de germination/mûrissement et ensuite le passage à la phase de croissance cristalline. La sensibilité de ce nouveau modèle complet de germination/mûrissement/croissance vis-à-vis des différents paramètres qui le composent a pu être analysée moyennant de nouvelles simulations numériques. Son comportement, en terme d'acuité des prédictions, a également pu être mis à l'épreuve et finalement jugé satisfaisant.
Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar. "Greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) emissions from a newly flooded hydroelectric reservoir in subtropical South Asia : case of Nam Theun 2 reservoir, Lao PDR." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2014/.
Full textThe identification and accurate quantification of sinks or sources of GHG has become a key challenge for scientists and policy makers groups working on climate change or global warming. The creation of a hydro-reservoir while damming a river for power generation converts the terrestrial ecosystems into aquatic ecosystem and subsequently decomposition of flooded terrestrial soil organic matter stimulates GHG productions and thereby emissions to atmosphere. Tropical or subtropical hydroelectric reservoirs are more significant sources of GHG than boreal or temperate one. The number of hydroelectric reservoirs continues to increase at fast pace specially in the tropical or sub-tropical regions which still hold significant amount of hydropower resources to be exploited. In this context, we study the subtropical hydroelectric Nam Theun 2 (NT2) Reservoir, a complex-structuraldesigned, created on the Nam Theun River in Laos PDR. The main aims of our study are to: (1) Study the GHG dynamics (CH4, N2O and CO2) in the reservoir and in the whole area of influence (downstream and drawdown areas), (2) explore the effectiveness of different methodology (eddy covariance, floating chamber, submerged funnel and thin boundary layer) to assess of GHG emission from a hydroelectric reservoir, (3) determine the environmental controls on the different emission terms; (4) attempt to determine the first net GHG budget of a subtropical hydroelectric reservoir
Yan, Xingcheng. "Greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient retentions in reservoirs of the Seine Basin : budget and modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS152.
Full textThe impacts of reservoirs on greenhouse gas (GHG, including CH4: methane, CO2: carbon dioxide, and N2O: nitrous oxide) emissions and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (including C: carbon, N: nitrogen, P: phosphorus, and Si: silica) have received widespread attention. This work first estimates GHG emissions from global reservoirs and examines their long-term evolution, and then focuses on the main reservoirs in the Seine Basin to elucidate their contribution to GHG emissions and their impact on downstream nutrient and CO2 concentrations. Finally, the updated process-based Barman model was applied to these reservoirs to unravel the nutrient fates and CO2 dynamics in these reservoirs. At the global scale, the average fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O were 125.7 ± 21.2 mg C m-2 d-1, 415.7 ± 36.0 mg C m-2 d-1, and 0.28 ± 0.11 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Combing with the GranD database (global reservoir and dam database, v 1.3), we estimated that the annual GHG emission from global reservoirs amounted to 12.9 Tg CH4-C yr-1, 50.8 Tg CO2-C yr-1, and 0.04 Tg N2O-N yr-1. A high increase rate of GHG emissions occurred from 1950 to 1980, due to the rapid increases of the numbers and surface areas of global reservoirs at the same period. Focusing on the three main reservoirs of the Seine Basin, obvious seasonal patterns of CH4 and CO2 were observed, CH4 concentrations in these reservoirs were high in summer and autumn and low in winter and spring, and were significantly and positively correlated with water temperate and SDO (saturation of dissolved oxygen), which is in contrast to CO2. The three reservoirs were slight sources of GHG, with the average values of 6.6 mg CH4–C m–2 d–1, 132.7 mg CO2–C m–2 d–1, and 0.03 mg N2O–N m–2 d–1, which were lower than the average values of global reservoirs. Based on the long-term (1998-2018) water quality data and our field measurements (2019-2020), we found that the reservoirs significantly change their downstream water quality. They increase DOC (dissolved organic matter) and BDOC (biodegradable DOC) concentrations, while decrease the concentrations of DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen), PO43- (orthophosphate), DSi (dissolved silica), and CO2 during their emptying periods. The mass-balance calculation revealed that these reservoirs retained 16-53%, 26-48%, 22-40%, and 36-76% of the inputs of DIN, PO43-, DSi, and SM, respectively. Qualitative analysis suggested that the mixing effect of entering water (quantity and quality) and biogeochemical processes in these reservoirs are the two dominant factors affecting reservoir water quality changes, and thus resulting in the changes in downstream water quality. The application of the Barman model satisfactorily simulates the changes of water quality variables (nutrients and CO2) and explicitly unravels nutrient (C, N, P, and Si) fates in these reservoirs. The phytoplankton assimilation (for NO3-, PO43-, and DSi) and benthic denitrification (for NO3-) are the dominant processes in removing nutrients. The precipitation of CaCO3 and CO2 emission are responsible for the DIC removal in these reservoirs. The results of scenario analysis suggested that reservoir trophic states (P concentrations) and morphological characteristics (mean depth) would significantly affect the retention efficiencies of NO3- and DSi, and thus its biogeochemical functions to downstream reservoirs
Ari, Julien. "Développement de verres spéciaux adaptés à la photonique moyen infrarouge pour des applications détection et mesure de gaz." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S151/document.
Full textGlobal warming due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main current challenges. In this context, the CO2 storage in geological reservoirs appears as a likely way to limit the consequences of these emissions on the environment. For safety reasons, this management method requires continuous monitoring of the storage tanks by using IR sensors who can go down into the wells. The application of this technology also requires to know the CO2 behavior during various storage steps, in particular when it is in its supercritical state. This is why microfluidics is currently used to simulate and understand the phenomena related to the injection and storage of CO2 in supercritical form. The implementation of such approach requires: (i) the development of novel compact solutions for in situ continuous gas monitoring to secure the storage site and; (ii) a better understanding of the CO2 behavior during the different storage steps.The first research axis of this thesis has consisted in developing vitreous active materials to increase the efficiency of optical CO2 sensor (and eventually other gas like CH4 or CO) for their continuous monitoring in saline aquifer storage sites. This sensor must be able to be deployed in depth and be sensitive to CO2 concentrations below 1000 ppmv to quickly identify any leak. Chalcogenide glasses doped with specific rare earth ions may provide broadband luminescence that can be used to detect infrared signatures of all molecules whose absorption bands are located in the 3-5 µm spectral region. Glass compositions Ga5Ge20Sb10(Se,S)65 (mol.%) doped Pr3+ and Dy3+ have been developed in order to be integrated into a functional environmental CO2 sensor. The multi-sensing gas (CO2, CH4 and CO) potential of these materials has also been investigated.Current HP/HT microfluidic systems do not allow coupling FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. This problem is due to the using of Pyrex glass for the manufacture of these microreactors. That is why the second research axis developed during this thesis has consisted in exploring various vitreous systems to propose an alternative to the Pyrex glass. The target glass had to demonstrate the best compromise between the desired optical, thermomechanical and electrical properties. In this way, glasses based on GeO2 have been developed to meet these specifications, such as the anodic bonding process used to attach the glass on the silicon wafer. The glass composition selected after the completed studies is 70GeO2-15Al2O3-10La2O3-5Na2O (mol.%)
Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.
Full textIn the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset
Egreteau, Alexandre. "Etude des variations de l'amplitude de la réflectivité du sous-sol après imagerie sismique en profondeur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001811.
Full textBéland, Otis Catherine. "Géochimie des gaz rares des saumures et gaz naturel du réservoir de Bécancour, Québec, Canada." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2445/1/M11099.pdf.
Full textBrothers, Soren. "Greenhouse gas flux sources in a young boreal reservoir." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3398/1/M11492.pdf.
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