Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux vasculaires'
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Risser, Laurent. "Analyse quantitative de réseaux micro-vasculaires intra-corticaux." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30011.
Full textThis work is a quantitative investigation of intra-cortical micro-vascular networks using a new micro-tomography imaging protocol which permits a complete scan of the entire gray matter with a micron resolution. The first part of the PhD is devoted to the analysis of very large 3D images coming from healthy rats and marmosets primate cortex, as well as tumour implanted rats brains. Classical methods are used for binarisation and squeletonization of the images. The influence of the experimental protocol on the obtained images is evaluated. A fast and original method is proposed to fill the gaps of incompletely injected vessels the efficiency of which is tested and validated. The second part of the PhD is concerned by the statistical analysis of geometrical, local and topological properties of micro-vascular networks. Geometrical properties are related to the spatial distribution of vessels from studying the vascular density and the vessel/tissue distance map. We brought to the fore the multi-scale properties of those fields from fractal and spectral analysis up to a some cut-off which defines the typical length-scale of an elementary representative volume. We found that this length-scale significantly differ in normal and tumoral tissues. The local analysis of vessel's segment length systematically exhibits exponential distribution, which leads to some characteristic segments length. Those length significantly differ in adult and new-born primates tissues. This analysis is consistent with the result obtained on the vascular density and leads to the conclusion that developmental angiogenesis occurs mainly at the capillary scale. .
Villaret, Aurélie. "Caractérisation des réseaux vasculaires du tissu adipeux humain." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2780/.
Full textThe present PhD research was undertaken to characterize native human adipose tissue (AT) endothelial cells (ECs) and to analyze the impact of adiposity degree and AT location on their number, phenotype, and integrity. Vessel density as well as ECs number per AT volume were stable in obese subjects compared to lean, suggesting that extension of vascular network follows AT development during obesity. VSAT adipocytes from obese subjects show a hypoxic phenotype despite the presence of a dense vascular network. Native AT-ECs show a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic phenotype in obese patients compared to lean, more marked in VSAT than in SCAT. This phenotype is associated with an increased endothelial permeability shows by plasma proteins leakage. To determine the mechanisms causing phenotype differences in obesity and AT location, senescence markers were studied. AT-ECs show an increased expression of these markers with obesity and AT location (VS/SC). Adipocyte secretion stimulated AT-ECs to undergo senescence, an effect mimicked by leptin and VEGFA. Finally, adipocyte secretions induced senescence process into micro-vascular ECs from other vascular beds. To conclude, human obesity is associated with alterations in AT-ECs number and integrity but also with an increased activation state of the ECs. Promotion of premature ECs senescence by the AT-microenvironment might lead to a loss of endothelial integrity in human obesity, associated with a pro-inflammatory state, especially into VSAT. Endothelial dysfunction into whole body circulatory network could be promoted by adipocyte secretions stimulating ECs to undergo senescence
Tarabay, Ranine. "Simulations des écoulements sanguins dans des réseaux vasculaires complexes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD034/document.
Full textTowards a large scale 3D computational model of physiological hemodynamics, remarkable progress has been made in simulating blood flow in realistic anatomical models constructed from three-dimensional medical imaging data in the past few decades. When accurate anatomic models are of primary importance in simulating blood flow, realistic boundary conditions are equally important in computing velocity and pressure fields. Thus, the first target of this thesis was to investigate the convergence analysis of the unknown fields for various types of boundary conditions allowing for a flexible framework with respect to the type of input data (velocity, pressure, flow rate, ...). In order to deal with the associated large computational cost, requiring high performance computing, we were interested in comparing the performance of two block preconditioners; the least-squared commutator preconditioner and the pressure convection diffusion preconditioner. We implemented the latter, in the context of this thesis, in the Feel++ library. With the purpose of handling the fluid-structure interaction, we focused of the approximation of the force exerted by the fluid on the structure, a field that is essential while setting the continuity condition to ensure the coupling of the fluid model with the structure model. Finally, in order to assess our numerical choices, two benchmarks (the FDA benchmark and the Phantom benchmark) were carried out, and a comparison with respect to experimental and numerical data was established and validated
Kyriacos, Soula. "Réseaux vasculaires, analyse fractale et modélisation de la croissance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq35605.pdf.
Full textCohen, Emmanuel. "Cartographie, analyse et reconnaissance de réseaux vasculaires par Doppler ultrasensible 4D." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED046/document.
Full textUltrasensitive Doppler is a new ultrasound imaging technique allowing the observation of blood flows with a very fine resolution and no contrast agent. Applied to cerebral microvascular imaging in rodents, this method produces very fine vascular 3D maps of the brain at high spatial resolution. These vascular networks contain characteristic tubular structures that could be used as landmarks to localize the position of the ultrasonic probe and take advantage of the easy-to-use properties of ultrasound devices such as low cost and portability. Thus, we developed a first neuronavigation system in rodents based on automatic registration of brain images. Using minimal path extraction methods, we developed a new isotropic segmentation framework for 3D geometric analysis of vascular networks (extraction of centrelines, diameters, curvatures, bifurcations). This framework was applied to quantify brain and tumor vascular networks, and finally leads to the development of point cloud registration algorithms for temporal monitoring of tumors
BOŁDAK, Cezary. "Extraction et caractérisation 3D des réseaux vasculaires en imagerie scanner multibarette : application aux réseaux des membres inférieurs et des coronaires." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10092.
Full textPassat, Nicolas. "Contribution à la segmentation des réseaux vasculaires cérébraux obtenus en IRM : Intégration de connaissance anatomique pour le guidage d'outils de morphologie mathématique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/PASSAT_Nicolas_2005.pdf.
Full textAnalysing cerebral MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) is a hard task for radiologists, because of the large size of the data and the increasing number of exams being performed. Creation of cerebral vessel segmentation methods from such images then constitutes a research area of great importance in medical imaging. This thesis is devoted to the development of such methods. It is especially focused on their ability to adapt their behaviour to the processed images and their semantic value. This concept of adaptivity is developed by considering high level anatomical knowledge which can be used for guidance of image processing tools. The first part of the presented work consists in proposing preliminary solutions for knowledge modelling. The atlas notion, which has already been successfully used for non vascular structures, is then developed. Two kinds of atlas are proposed, each one taking advantage of multi-modality (angiographic and morphologic) properties of the considered images in order to model anatomical knowledge elements related to brain vessels. The second part of the work deals with the development of segmentation methods using this knowledge for guiding mathematical morphology tools. These methods, based on region-growing, watershed, grey-level hit-or-miss transform and homotopic thinning, use the proposed atlases to fit or constraint the behaviour of these image processing tools with respect to the image properties. This thesis can be considered as an introduction to a new methodology of vascular structure segmentation, which tends to fuse the potential of the existing image processing tools with learning and knowledge based strategies which are generally only used by human specialists
Khalid, Mohamed Nabil. "Synthèse, caractérisation, stérilisation et étude des propriétés de réseaux à base de chitosane : application à la libération contrôlée pour l'administration orale et comme enrobage pour des prothèses endovasculaires." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114812.
Full textBaronnet-Chauvet, Flore. "IRM fonctionnelle au repos après un accident ischémique : de la connectivité fonctionnelle au handicap." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066229/document.
Full textResting-state functional MRI is increasingly used to investigate brain networks in stroke patients. Most studies focused specifically on motor, attentional and language deficits. Here we have investigated the relationships between global post-stroke disability and functional connectivity of seven major cortical networks in subacute ischemic stroke patients. We have studied 50 patients with first-ever unilateral hemispheric stroke (29 men, 22 left strokes, 57 ± 14 years) with a median post-stroke delay of 4.5 weeks and 75 healthy volunteers (27 men, 55 ± 15 years). Seven cortical networks were characterized with a seed-based approach and for each network we distinguished inter-hemispheric, ipsi- and contra-lesional functional connectivity. The 22 patients without disability (modified Rankin’s scale 0-1) had normal functional connectivity in all networks whereas the 28 disabled patients had widespread and bilateral decreases in functional connectivity explaining 22 % of the variance. Secondary analyses showed that abnormalities mainly differentiate no disability from mild disability and may predominate in default-mode and top-down control networks. We have computed for each subject a functional connectivity index that summarizes all these abnormalities. This simple tool was strongly predictive of residual disability with a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86%. In conclusion, widespread and bilateral alterations in cortical connectivity occur in disabled subacute stroke patients, whereas normal indicate excellent global outcome
Verscheure, Leslie. "Description symbolique d’une arborescence vasculaire : application au réseau vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10090/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the methodology and the evaluation of a symbolic description method applied on vascular trees from multimodal 3D images. This work aims to supply a global methodological framework for the analysis of such structures and, more particularly, for the cerebral vascular tree. The clinical application field is neurosurgery and particularly neurosurgery planning. Our method is based on the application of the minimum cost-spanning tree using Dijkstra’s algorithm and seems well appropriate to tubular objects. We skeletonize the structure in two stages: first, we extract the main branch which corresponds to the longest branch of the Dijkstra’s tree, then, we detect iteratively every secondary branch by keeping the branches of the tree which length is superior to a fixed threshold. Since our skeletonization works in an iterative way, we possess local information for each branch. In this way, the symbolic description is facilitated and consists in a partitioning of the skeleton to collect the descriptive characteristics. Algorithms were implemented on the laboratory software platform (ArtiMED) developed in Borland C++ and estimated on digital and clinical data. The evaluation scheme adopts a specific experiment approach consisting in a comparison of the results of a series of 18 rotations of the initial volume
Guibert, Romain. "Analyse des écoulements micro-vasculaires cérébraux." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491347.
Full textGuibert, Romain. "Analyse des écoulements micro-vasculaires cérébraux." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1803/.
Full textThis work is concerned with the hydrodynamics of blood flow in micro-vascular cerebral networks. The micro-vascular networks are reconstructed from specimens using high resolution three-dimensional micro-tomography imaging and post-processing techniques. A numerical quasi-static approximation of blood flow is then developed. This approach allows to account for both the complex geometric structure of micro-vascular networks and the non-local hydrodynamic interactions of red blood cells flowing within them. The proposed method permits the evaluation of pressure, hematocrit and flow distributions over cortical brain volumes of about ten cubic millimeters containing tens of thousands of vascular segments. A systematic analysis of blood rheology models demonstrate the importance of the choice of viscosity model, in contrast to the low impact of the phase separation on the flow, a phenomenon for which we also offer alternative model. Moreover, we analyse the the cerebral blood perfusion and the general organisation of cortical blood flow. We quantify the vascular regions that are essentially micro-vascular functional units under normal physiological conditions and assess their evolution and robustness in pathological contexts such as for cerebral micro-strokes
Lauwers, Frédéric. "Etude quantitative tridimensionnelle du réseau micro-vasculaire du cortex cérébral humain." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/173/.
Full textDetailed information on microvascular network anatomy is a requirement for understanding several aspects of microcirculation, including interpretation of haemodynamically based functional imaging methods, but very few quantitative data on the human brain microcirculation are available. The main objective of this study is to propose a new method to analyze this microcirculation. From thick sections of India ink-injected human brain, using confocal laser microscopy, the author developed algorithms adapted to very large data sets to automatically extract and analyze centre lines together with diameters of thousands of brain microvessels within a large cortex area. From this database the global densities, the statistical distributions of diameters and lengths were analysed, separating the tree-like and the net-like parts of the microcirculation. The topological structure of the cerebral arterioles and venules is tree-like, while that of the capillaries is net-like. Because of this essential difference in nature, the topology of these branching or mesh structures must be analyzed separately. To extract a vascular tree from the skeleton, we identified its origin in the sulcus and traced automatically all the paths from this origin through vessels in which resistance to flow is lower than a prescribed value. The branching pattern of the arteriolar and venous trees extracted is best described by the diameter defined Strahler system. Furthermore, our analysis included variations in volume density along the cortical depth and along vectors parallel to the cortical surface. It appears that spatial specificity of fMRI signals at an intracortical level could profit from precise quantitative evaluation of the vascular network suggested by the present anatomic study
Fouard, Céline. "Extraction de paramètres morphométriques pour l'étude du réseau micro-vasculaire cérébral." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308884.
Full textLecornu, Laurent. "De la segmentation d'images en angiographie biplan à la reconstruction 3D d'un réseau vasculaire." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10083.
Full textDichamp, Jules. "De l'imagerie tissu entier à la modélisation in silico du réseau vasculaire du tissu adipeux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23606/1/Dichamp.pdf.
Full textMarmonier, Florence. "Contrôle hormonal de la thermogenèse sans frisson musculaire et balance énergétique : rôle du réseau vasculaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10108.
Full textCharnoz, Arnaud. "Recalage d'organes intra-patient à partir de l'étude de leur réseau vasculaire : Application au foie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CHARNOZ_Arnaud_2007.pdf.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new automated method to evaluate the deformation of a vascularized organ between two CT-scan images. This method analyses internal vascular networks in order to better register those images. This way, it provides support for the diagnosis by easing individual tumour follow-up as well as for the planning by creating more detailed vascular network models. The method is composed of three major steps. First, contrasted vascular networks in CT-scan images are modelled thanks to graphs. Then, an original graph matching algorithm associates common bifurcations. Finally, a transformation is computed from estimated matchings in order to compensate the overall organ deformation. The many experimentations carried out on our databases of synthetic and real patients validate the efficiency and robustness of this new method
Thiney, Grégory. "Relation pression débit dans les réseaux microcirculatoires : application à la mesure in vivo de la compliance." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077185.
Full textMolina, Julien. "Etude de l’intégration physiologique et environnementale d’un capteur de pression sans fil pour application vasculaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066223.
Full textFor several years, new technologies have been overrunning the medical field. New materials, electronics, robotics are integrated. Abdominal aortic aneurysms affect 2 to 6% of the population. Their bursting is fatal in more than 80% of cases. One of their treatments is to place a stent-graft to exclude the damaged artery blood pressure. After surgery, endoleak detection is required, but these controls are expensive and can be harmful to patients. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a wireless monitoring system. For the realization of this medical device, constraints analysis and standards are essential. The geometrical, mechanical characteristics (pseudo-static and dynamic) and the coating were quantified by comparison to reference elements. Specification tests were implemented to comply with regulation standards. Using a traction / compression testing system and a dynamic bench test designed by us, we have established the expected specifications. Different coatings were investigated by culture with endothelial cells to assess their biocompatibility and nonadhesive characteristics. This work has identified the expected specifications and allowed us to choose the components. The final size will depend on the ability to miniaturize the electronics. This integration structure for biosensors can be placed in other anatomical sites or associated with other sensors for other indications
Windyga, Zajalzkowski Piotr Stanislaw. "Évaluation et modélisation de connaissances pour la reconstruction tridimensionnelle du réseau vasculaire cardiaque en angiographie biplan." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10057.
Full textMekraldi, Samia. "Modifications de facteurs vasoactifs et du réseau vasculaire intra-médullaire dans les métaphyses tibiales de rates ovariectomisées." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4001.
Full textVessels and bone are both target tissues for estrogen. We hypothesized that estrogen deficiency induces changes in bone vascularisation which might be involved in the mechanisms of bone loss. We used the reference model of the ovariectomized rat. . . [etc]
Descamps, Betty. "Etude des propriétés angiogéniques du système Wnt/Frizzled : implication du récepteur Frizzled 4 dans la morphogénèse artérielle." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21670/document.
Full textGrowing evidences link Wnt/Frizzled (Wnt/Fzd) pathway to proper vascular formation. The first part of this manuscript shows besides that Wnt pathway, via its regulator sFRP1 and one of its ligands, Wnt4, potentiates mesenchymal stem cells angiogenic properties during angiogenesis. An other Frizzled receptor (Fzd), Fzd4, has been shown to be implicated in retinal vascular formation because inactivation of the fzd4 gene revealed a malformation of the secondary and tertiary retinal vascular network. Here, we investigated the involvement of Fzd4 in adult vascular morphogenesis regulation. Fzd4 present an arterial vascular pattern, and the deletion of fzd4 impairs a normal arterial network formation in peripheral organs. In vitro studies on primary vascular cells show several alterations on their angiogenic properties. This study reveals a central role of Fzd4 in vascular growth. Fzd4 regulate angiogenic vascular cell properties and vascular branching morphogenesis in vivo. To further understand molecular mechanisms induced by Fzd4, we started to study the Wnt/Fzd central protein, Dishevelled (Dvl), and its intracellular partners. First results suggest that Dvl 1 and 3 isoforms would participate with Fzd4 to activate Wnt canonical pathway implicated in cell proliferation. Moreover, some Dvl3 partners could be selected by a yeast two-hybrid method
Abou, Taam Salam. "Dispositifs de synthèse vasculaire : analyse, modélisation, applications au réseau artériel périphérique et aux fistules artérioveineuses pour abord d’hémodialyse : ouverture sur l’étude de nouveaux outils de réparation et modulation vasculaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS582.
Full textThis study presents the physiological and pathological aspects of the arterial blood flow and draws up various methods of vascular repair. It focuses on innovative suture solutions for circulatory system repair. Various blood flow restoration strategies, retrieved from the surgical practice, were examined on the basis of a new digital model of the vascular network simplified into 55 arteries, in both 0D and 1D. We thus studied several techniques of blood flow restoration to the lower limb during an iliac artery obliteration, those based on different types of anatomical and extra-anatomical bypasses, but also one based on a stent being inserted in the original network. At each attempt, we found the flow to be restored downstream and congruent to the clinical observations, thus confirming our digital network. We have also applied its 0D tools to an arteriovenous fistula. With the aim of providing our model as a tool to assist the surgeon’s decision making, we then have adjusted various parameters in order to anticipate the repercussions of surgical procedures to treat both stenosis and hypertension
Miraucourt, Olivia. "Génération de modèles vasculaires cérébraux : segmentation de vaisseaux et simulation d’écoulements sanguins." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS004/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to generate vascular models and simulate blood flows inside these models. A first step consists of segmenting/reconstructing the 3D volume of the vascular network. Once such volumes are segmented and meshed, it is then possible to simulate blood flows. For segmentation purposes, we use a variational approach. We first propose a model that embeds a vesselness prior in the denoising models ROF and TV-L1. Although these models can enhance vessels, they are not designed for segmentation. Then, we propose a second, improved model that includes both vesselness and direction priors in the Chan-Vese segmentation model. The results are presented on 2D synthetic images, as well as retinal images. In the second part, devoted to simulation, we first focus on the cerebral venous network, that has not been intensively studied. The equations governing blood flows inside our geometry are the Navier-Stokes equations. For their resolution, the classical method of characteristics is compared with a high-order scheme. Both schemes are validated on analytical solutions before their application on the realistic cases of the cerebral venous network, and the arterial polygon of Willis
Viti, Mario. "Automated prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG084.
Full textThis research project is expected to be financed by a CIFRE scholarship in collaboration between GE Healthcare and CentraleSupelec. We are seeking to predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). These are typically embolism and aneurisms in the aorta and the coronary arteries, that give rise respectively to interrupted blood flow to the heart and so a risk of infarctus, or major hemorrhage. Both are life-threatening. When a patient is brought to hospital for an alert (angina, etc), they will undergo an X-ray CAT scan, which can be more or less invasive. A major objective of this research is to utilize as well as possible the available information in the form of 3D images together with patient history and other data, in order to avoid needless, invasive, irradiating or dangerous exams, while simultaneously guaranteeing optimal care and the best possible clinical outcome. The proposed methodologies include image analysis, image processing, computer vision and medical imaging procedures and methods, that will be developed in partnership between GE Healthcare and the CVN lab of CENTRALE SUPELEC
Vansimaeys, Camille. "Mesure écologique et analyse en réseau des liens entre dépression, anxiété, coping et qualité de vie après un accident vasculaire cérébral mineur." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB218/document.
Full textAbout 150 000 individuals are hospitalized after a stroke every year in France. Half of stroke survivors are expected to have complete neurological recovery and thus they will not suffer from any motor or cognitive impairment. Those cases are called minor strokes. Patients with minor stroke frequently experience an early hospital discharge and fitful neurological follow-ups. To date, we have few information regarding minor stroke's effect on the evolution of those patients' quality of life. Even though scientific literature is still insufficient, recent studies showed that anxiety and depression symptoms frequently occur after a minor stroke despite there being no functional impairment. Anxiety and depressive symptoms could impact patients' quality of life. Two main concerns of public health emerge from this hypothesis: screening and caring the determinants of the deterioration of minor stroke patients' quality of life. The present dissertation aims to study the evolution of quality of life after a minor stroke and to explore the role of anxiety and depression symptoms and the role of coping strategies. For this purpose, we have measured the quality of life of 68 patients at three times after the stroke: during initial hospitalization, after discharge and at four-month. We also assessed their anxiety and depression symptoms and coping strategies by combining two methods: standard ponctual assessment using classical scales and questionnaires on the one hand; and ecological momentary assessment using a smartphone application, on the other hand. Our results show a deterioration of the quality of life in numerous participants during the study. On the one hand, this deterioration is associated with the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms after stroke. Network analysis suggests that somatic disturbance precedes the occurrence of psychological symptoms. Those results highlight the importance of paying attention and caring somatic symptoms despite the pronostic of neurophysiological recovery. On the other hand, our results suggest that coping could influence the evolution of quality of life after a minor stroke. Further studies are needed to confirm those results. Indeed, we have to understand the specificities of stress situations that individuals are facing after a minor stroke. According to this information, efficient coping could represent concrete therapeutic objectives which will be helpful to specify practice guidelines. Our work also contributes to a theoretical and methodological reflexion of psychopathology and health psychology science. On the theoretical hand, our study emphasizes the benefits of the network approach to psychopathology in somatic diseases. On the methodological hand, our study argues for the use of ecological momentary assessment methods in regard of the promising perspectives they could bring in psychological science
Ramaël, Bruno. "Caractérisation in situ des propriétés mécaniques des parois vasculaires par une technique non invasive." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2314/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on identifying the mechanical properties of facial arteries. It is part of FlowFace project, which focuses on the study of the facial arterial system by MRI imaging. It is based on a measurement campaign conducted on a sample of 30 people at the Hospital of Amiens, which allowed obtaining noninvasively the evolution of the blood vessel deformation and the measurement of the flow. Diastolic and systolic pressures were measured at the arm independently of the MRI measurements. The aim of the thesis was to model the deformation of blood vessels and to implement an optimization technique to determine their mechanical properties by inverse analysis using MRI measurements of deformation. Simulations of the behavior of the blood vessels were performed, using ANSYS Inc. software, modeling fluid-structure interactions both strong and weak coupling. The objective was to determine the parietal deformations induced by hemodynamic conditions and pressure drops in the vessels concerned. The simulations involved hyperelastic and large deflection models to simulate the behavior of the wall. They allow calculate the numerical displacements that we compared with experimental displacements measured by MRI, the aim is that the difference between numerical and experimental be as low as possible to deduce the adequate mechanical parameters for the artery. To identify the mechanical properties of the vessels, the optimization technique proposed in ANSYS based on genetic algorithms or gradient algorithms was used. The identification method was validated on cylindrical tubes (elastomer), for which deformation measurements were acquired by MRI imaging under pulsating flow. The values of mechanical properties determined were compared with those obtained by traction tests and dilatation tests. One of the crucial points of identification involves the determination of the non-stress state. If it is a known parameter for the elastic tube, it has to be determining for blood vessels. The challenge of this thesis is to determine from a "minimum" quantity of pressure and deformation information, the hyper-elastic properties of blood vessels. The method based on a patient-specific geometry deformation concluded that the tangent modulus in diastole is approximately 200kPa while that in systole is in a range of 300 kPa to 1 MPa
Halab, Abdellatif. "Modélisation d'écoulements instationnaires en conduites élastiques non uniformes : application au réseau "aorto-tibial" en présence de sténoses et prothèses artérielles." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30117.
Full textXiao, Zhiyong. "Incorporation de l'information spatiale en segmentation / classification d'images: application aux images médicales et hyperspectrales." Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDM0003.
Full textWang, Xiaofei. "1D modeling of blood flow in networks : numerical computing and applications." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066626/document.
Full textThe vascular network consists of a very large number of segments with various properties and thus the pulsatile blood flow inside is very complicated. With the time-domain-based nonlinear 1D model, this thesis studies the blood flow in networks, focusing on the numerical computing and several applications.With assumptions of long wave and axisymmetric velocity profile, the 1D governing equations of mass and momentum are derived by integrating the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations along the radius.A Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model is adopted for the constitutive equation of the tube.This leads to a nonlinear hyperbolic-parabolic system, which is then solved with four numerical schemes, namely: MacCormack, Taylor-Galerkin, Monotonic Upwind Scheme for Conservation Law (MUSCL) and local discontinuous Galerkin.The schemes are implemented in MATLAB and the numerical solutions are checked favorably against analytical, semi-analytical solutions and clinical observations.Among the numerical schemes, comparisons are made in four important aspects: accuracy, ability to capture shock-like phenomena, computational speed and implementation complexity. The suitable conditions for the application of each scheme are discussed.After this, a general purpose C++ code is developed and tested on several networks:a circle of arteries, a human systemic network with 55 arteries and a mouse kidney with more than one thousand segments. The time dependent distribution of pressure in the networks is visualized and the propagation patterns of the waves are well captured.Good speedup is achieved by parallelizations of the code.The developed code is applied in three studies.First, the coefficients of fluid friction and wall viscosity are determined with aides of a well defined experimental setup.Because both the two factors damp the pulse waves, they are difficult to evaluate separately.We estimate them in pairs by fitting the 1D viscoelastic model against pressure waves measured on the experimental setup. The fitted values of viscoelastic parameters are consistent with values estimated with other methods.The effect of wall viscosity on the pulse wave has been shown in the same order of that of fluid viscosity.Second, with time series of pressure and diameter measured in several locations of the sheep arterial network,the viscoelasticity parameters are estimated.With those values, the pulse waves in the sheep network are simulated and the effect of viscoelasticity is investigated.Numerical solutions show that the viscoelasticity damps significantly the high frequency components of the pulse waves.Third, we simulate the change of blood flow induced by the axillofemoral and femoral-femoral anastomoses with a severe iliac stenosis.The influence of the bypassing path is studied
Feugier, François Gabriel. "Models of vascular pattern formation in leaves." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066506.
Full textSauvage, Jack. "Imagerie ultrasonore ultrarapide 4D par adressage orthogonal du réseau de sonde matricielle : adressage Ligne-Colonne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS535.
Full textWith the advent of 4D ultrafast imaging at the Physics for Medicine Inserm 1273 laboratory, the ability to acquire in all three dimensions and with a high spatio-temporal resolution has been demonstrated. Several of the most effective 2D ultrafast imaging modalities have been extended to volume imaging (3D ultrasensitive power Doppler, 3D elastography ...). Their dissemination in clinic would greatly benefit to physicians. However the necessary means to implement ultrafast 4D are still too heavy and costly to hope for a transposition in the short or mid-term to the radiology departments. Developing smart strategies to reduce channel number has become a central issue. An original strategy based on the probe architecture consists of orthogonal row and column addressing of the Matrix Probe array, the Row and Column Adressing RCA. It offers a transducer solution perfectly adapted with ultra-fast plane waves imaging. With this approach, the probe can be driven by a single standard ultrasound unit, while maintaining a large aperture. The 2D matrix grid is organized according to N + N orthogonal channels, thus representing a reduction factor of N / 2. This strategy presents an important paradigm shift of imaging by dissociation of the focus pathways in transmission and reception and offers a new compromise in terms of spatio-temporal resolution. During this thesis work, the performances of the RCA associated with the ultra fast 4D imaging are studied for various cases. The principle of 4D ultrafast RCA imaging with orthogonal summation OPW are studied. 3D vector imagery for RCA is developed. A new high frequency RCA probe prototype (15MHz) is presented and tested on a 3D functional brain imaging protocol. Finally, a new modality of 3D imaging of the flux intensity is presented offering a new way of exploitation for the RCA probe
Bienaime, Diane. "Embolie dans les plantes : dynamique de l'invasion d'air dans des réseaux hydrauliques naturels et artificiels sous pression négative." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY056/document.
Full textTo assure the transport from the roots to the leaves, vascular plants create strong depressions in the sap, next to -200 bars. This depression pulls the water column contained by the tree vascular system. The water cohesion keeps the sap under liquid state. This metastable state can breaks: cavitation bubbles appear. They create an air plug inside the plant hydraulic network and impede sap flow. This phenomena called embolism could lead to the plant death by preventing the sap transport.This thesis is dedicated to the air invasion into hydraulics networks under negative pressure. First, we study the leaf embolism. We developed a new technique which allows us to record the spatial propagation of embolism in leaves hydraulic network. We show that the embolism propagates by steps from biggest veins to smallest veins.Next, in order to understand the underlying physical laws, we use two model systems. We build artificial networks in a hydrogel which mimics the sap flow characteristics. After the relaxation of the negative pressure in the network by the nucleation of a bubble, we observe surface oscillations and the slow growth of the bubble. This growth is linked to the water transport through the hydrogel and can reach a stationary regime.As we are not able to reproduce all the characteristics of the leaf network with the hydrogel, we create a computer modeling based on the Ohm analogy between hydraulics networks and electrical circuits. We reproduce the specific features of the xylem which transport the sap: the conduits are linked by pits, small valves which limit the progression of the embolism. We were able to recover the distinctiveness steps in embolism.Finally, we discuss the application of the preceding results to wood and we present some results on Pinus sylvestris
Serduc, Raphaël. "Effets de la radiothérapie par microfaisceaux synchrotron sur la microvascularisation cérébrale saine et tumorale chez la souris." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10279.
Full textMicrobeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a new form of radiosurgery of brain tumors which uses synchrotron generated X-rays. It is based on spatial fractionation of the incident dose into microbeams of few tenth of microns width. It allows very high dose deposition (few hundreds Gy) without inducing severe damages to normal brain tissue surrounding the lesion. Ln this work, we have shown that microbeam irradiation did not induce change in blood brain vessels parameters (capillary density, cerebral blood volume) during the 3 first months after irradiation delivered at 312 or 1000 Gy. The cerebral vascular network remained perfused at any time after exposition. A blood brain barrier breakdown has been observed between 12 h and 12 days after a 1000 Gy skin entrance dose. However, cerebral edema detected in the acute phase after irradiation and associated with an increase in cerebral water content, seemed to be rapidly resorbed. The absence of severe vascular damages may allow oxygen and nutriments supply to irradiated tissue and could explain the very high resistance of normal brain tissue to microbeam irradiation. One another hand, we have shown that MRT significantly increased the median survival time ofnude mice bearing 9L gliosarcomas in caudate. However, it appeared that MRT, used in our experimental conditions, did not present an important effect on tumor vessels. No change in tumoral blood volume and vessel size index (measured by MRI) could be detected after exposure. A significant increase in blood tumor vessels permeability, detected 24 h after irradiation, could be exploited to address specifically chemoagents to the tumor via the circula tory system. Irradiations parameters should be optimized to target tumor vascular network and to increase MRT therapeutic index
Giacinti, Anaïs. "Implication fonctionnelle des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux dans le processus de consolidation mnésique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0271/document.
Full textWhile there is consensus that cerebral blood flow is distributed according to themetabolic demand of neurons, the contribution of vascular networks to memoryconsolidation, the process by which memories acquire stability over time, remainsunknown. This process requires a transitory hippocampal-cortical interaction allowingthe progressive remodeling of cortical neuronal networks supporting the remotememory trace.By using a behavioral task requiring an associative olfactory memory coupled to cellularimaging techniques, we first reveal, in adult healthy rats, a functional dissociationbetween the reactivity and the architecture of cerebral vascular networks. We identifycalcium signaling changes that occur in specific cerebral arteries, pointing to theirability to adapt their dynamics upon retrieval to enable the successful expression ofeither recent or remote memories. Moreover, we show that vascular networks undergo atime-dependent densification via an angiogenesis mechanism as early as one day afterlearning, including in cortical regions which will only support memory storage andretrieval weeks later. By specifically stimulating this early cortical angiogenesis, we wereable to improve the performance of rats tested for remote memory.Taken together, our results highlight the importance of vascular plasticity inmodulating neuronal plasticity and cognitive functions. They also suggest that the earlystructural changes within vascular networks could constitute a permissive mechanismwhich regulates the development of cortical dendritic spines thought to support theprogressive formation and storage of enduring memories
Corre, Samuel. "Méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau pour la simulation numérique de certains systèmes d'advection-réactiondiffusion provenant de la physique et de la biologie, et analyse mathématique et numérique de problèmes issus du domaine biomédical cardio-vasculaire." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0022/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we develop and analyze numerical techniques based on the lattice Boltzmann method LBM) for solving systems of nonlinear advection-diffusion-reaction equations from physics and biology. Wi BM, problems relating to averaged quantities (density, potential, velocities, etc.) are expressed at the particle scale. We approach the solution of Boltzmann equation relating to the behavior of a particle field and then we recompose the averaged quantities solutions of treated systems. In the first part, we develop an appropriate general framework to deal with several types of non-linear systems (parabolic, elliptic, or coupled, with real or complex variables), with applications to models such as Burger-Fisher, fluid flow in a porous medium, Helmoltz, Patlar-Keller-Segel, or Schrodinger. For each problem, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the method, when the number of Knudsen tends to zero (by the development of Chapman-Enskog) and we perform the numerical analysis of convergence and stability of the method. In the second part, we have taken an interest in a realistic problem of cardio-vascular electrophysiology. We adapt the developed LBM method to approach e solutions of a bidomain type system for simulating the behavior of electrical potentials and ionic interactions in myocardial region. The study and modeling of this type of problem is a major health issue in the treatment of pathologies related, for example, to cardiac arrhythmia. Since our goal is to obtain realistic behaviors, we introduce time-delay operators into this coupled system in order to take into account delay in signal transmissions. Once the existence and uniqueness of solution have been demonstrated, we propose a series of simulations with realistic physical and biological parameters to validate the proposed method
Obando, Forero Catalina. "Statistical graph models of temporal brain networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS454.pdf.
Full textThe emerging area of complex networks has led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience. Connectomes estimated from neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results in an abstract representation of the brain as a graph, which has allowed a major breakthrough in the understanding of topological and physiological properties of healthy brains in a compact and objective way. However, state of the art approaches often ignore the uncertainty and temporal nature of functional connectivity data. Most of the available methods in the literature have been developed to characterize functional brain networks as static graphs composed of nodes (brain regions) and links (FC intensity) by network metrics. As a consequence, complex networks theory has been mainly applied to cross-sectional studies referring to a single point in time and the resulting characterization ultimately represents an average across spatiotemporal neural phenomena. Here, we implemented statistical methods to model and simulate temporal brain networks. We used graph models that allow to simultaneously study how different network properties influence the emergent topology observed in functional connectivity brain networks. We successfully identified fundamental local connectivity mechanisms that govern properties of brain networks. We proposed a temporal adaptation of such fundamental connectivity mechanisms to model and simulate physiological brain network dynamic changes. Specifically, we exploited the temporal metrics to build informative temporal models of recovery of patients after stroke
Boa, Olivier. "Analyse in vivo du remodelage à long terme de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée et de son réseau vasculaire et étude in vitro de la pseudo-vasculogénèse lors du développement tumoral au sein de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24705/24705.pdf.
Full textColombet-Madinier, Isabelle. "Aspects méthodologiques de la prédiction du risque cardiovasculaire : apports de l'apprentissage automatique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066083.
Full textPulga, Alice. "Dynamics of the cerebral microvasculature during the course of memory consolidation in the rat : physiological and altered conditions induced by hypertension and hypergravity." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0388/document.
Full textWhile the cerebral microvasculature is known to adapt its activity according to the metabolic demand of surrounding neurons, the functional contribution of vascular networks to memory consolidation, the process by which memory traces acquire stability over time, remains elusive. By using an associative olfactory memory task in rats coupled to biochemical and imaging techniques, we investigated the dynamics of vascular changes during memory consolidation which requires a transitory interaction between the hippocampus and distributed cortical regions that ultimately support storage of enduring memories. We found that remote memory formation was associated, upon encoding, with a hypoxic signal that triggered transitory angiogenesis in specific cortical regions which support memory storage and retrieval only weeks later. Manipulating early cortical angiogenesis (ECA) by selectively blocking or stimulating the angiopoietin-2 signaling pathway impaired or improved remote memory retrieval, respectively. Enhancing ECA in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which exhibit reduced angiopoietin- 2 expression when cognitively challenged and are unable to properly stabilize and/or retrieve remotely acquired information, was efficient in rescuing the observed memory deficit, thus confirming the functional importance of ECA as a prerequisite for the formation of remote memories. Hypergravity, known to impair vascular functions, failed to alter the organization of recent and remote memory. Altogether, our findings identify ECA as a crucial neurobiological process underlying the formation and stabilization of remote memory. They highlight the importance of vascular plasticity in modulating cognitive functions and suggest that the early structural changes within vascular networks constitute a permissive mechanism for the regulation of neuronal plasticity within cortical networks which support the formation and storage of enduring memories
Jaquet, Clara. "Vers la simulation de perfusion du myocarde à partir d'image tomographique scanner." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1117/document.
Full textRecent advances in medical image computing have allowed automatedsystems to closely assist physicians in patient therapy. Computationaland personalized patient models benefit diagnosis, prognosisand treatment planning, with a decreased risk for the patient,as well as potentially lower cost. HeartFlow Inc. is a successfull exampleof a company providing such a service in the cardiovascularcontext. Based on patient-specific vascular model extracted from XrayCT images, they identify functionally significant disease in largecoronary arteries. Their combined anatomical and functional analysisis nonetheless limited by the image resolution. At the downstreamscale, a functional exam called Myocardium Perfusion Imaging (MPI)highlights myocardium regions with blood flow deficit. However,MPI does not functionally relate perfusion to the upstream coronarydisease.The goal of our project is to build the functional bridge betweencoronary and myocardium, by extrapolating the functional analysisfrom large coronary toward the capillary bed. This objective requiresextension from the coronary model down to the microvasculaturecombined with a functional analysis leading to the myocardium compartment.We expand a tree generation method subjected to functional principles,named Constrained Constructive Optimization, to generate multiplecompeting vascular trees. The algorithm simulates angiogenesisunder vascular volume minimization with flow-related and geometricalconstraints, adapting the simultaneous tree growths to patientpriors. This method provides a hybrid image-based and synthetic geometricmodel, starting from segmented epicardium coronary downto synthetic arterioles, filling the left ventricle myocardium.We then build a multiscale functional analysis pipeline to allowblood flow simulation from the coronaries to the myocardium. Thisis achieved with a 1D coronary model compatible with the hybridvasculature, and a spatial blood flow distribution analysis of the terminalsegments. The latter is performed using a similar nomenclatureto MPI, to enable patient-specific comparison with functional groundtruthdata.We connected the vascular anatomy to blood flow distribution inthe myocardium on several patient datasets. This multiscale frameworkpoints out several leads to refine the vascular network generationand fluid simulation methods. This patient-specific anatomicaland functional extrapolation is a first gateway toward myocardiumperfusion from X-ray CT data. Building such personalized computational model of patient could potentially help investigating cardiovascularcomplex physio-pathology, and, finally, improve the patientcare
Jurczuk, Krzysztof. "Calcul parallèle pour la modélisation d'images de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S089.
Full textThis PhD thesis concerns computer modeling of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The main attention is centered on imaging of vascular structures. Such imaging is influenced not only by vascular geometries but also by blood flow which has to been taken into account in modeling. Next to the question about the quality of developed models, the challenge lies also in the demand for high performance computing. Thus, in order to manage computationally complex problems, parallel computing is in use. In the thesis three solutions are proposed. The first one concerns parallel algorithms of vascular network modeling. Algorithms for different architectures are proposed. The first algorithm is based on the message passing model and thus, it is suited for distributed memory architectures. It parallelizes the process of connecting new parts of tissue to existing vascular structures. The second algorithm is designed for shared memory machines. It also parallelizes the perfusion process, but individual processors perform calculations concerning different vascular trees. The third algorithm combines message passing and shared memory approaches providing solutions for hybrid parallel architectures. Developed algorithms are able to substantially speed up the time-demanded simulations of growth of complex vascular networks. As a result, more elaborate and precise vascular structures can be simulated in a reasonable period of time. It can also help to extend the vascular model and to test multiple sets of parameters. Secondly, a new approach in computational modeling of magnetic resonance (MR) flow imaging is proposed. The approach combines the flow computation by lattice Boltzmann method, MRI simulation by following discrete local magnetizations in time and a new magnetization transport algorithm together. Results demonstrate that such an approach is able to naturally incorporate the flow influence in MRI modeling. As a result, in the proposed model, no additional mechanism (unlike in prior works) is needed to consider flow artifacts, what implies its easy extensibility. In combination with its low computational complexity and efficient implementation, the solution is a user-friendly and manageable at different levels tool which facilitates running series of simulations with different physiological and imaging parameters. The goal of the third solution is to apply the proposed MR flow imaging model on complex vascular networks. To this aim, models of vascular networks, flow behavior and MRI are combined together. In all the model components, computations are adapted to be performed at various parallel architectures. The model potential and possibilities of simulations of flow and MRI in complex vascular structures are shown. The model aims at explaining and exploring MR image formation and appearance by the combined knowledge from many processes and systems, starting from vascular geometry, through flow patterns and ending on imaging technology
Bauer, Daniela. "Modélisation mécanique par approche continue et discrète des variations du flux sanguin dans la peau et validation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007943.
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