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Academic literature on the topic 'Réseaux électriques faible inertie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Réseaux électriques faible inertie"
Nguimfack-Ndongmo, J., A. Muluh Fombu, L. Sonfack, R. Kuaté-Fochie, G. Kenné, and F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue. "Challenges of mastering the energy sector and sustainable solutions for development in Africa." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 30 - 2019 - MADEV... (June 8, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.4269.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Réseaux électriques faible inertie"
Kelada, Fadi Sameh Aziz. "Étude des dynamiques et de la stabilité des réseaux électriques faible inertie avec une forte pénétration de ressources renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT065.
Full textPower systems are evolving significantly due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental factors, notably the increasing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) interfaced through power electronic converters, known as Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). This shift from synchronous machine (SM)-dominated systems to IBR-dominated systems introduces challenges such as reduced inertia, intermittency, and stability issues. Traditional stability analysis and modeling techniques, which assume slower dynamics inherent in SMs, are inadequate for the fast dynamics of IBRs. The emerging dominance of IBRs necessitates the development of detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models, which are computationally intensive but essential for capturing the fast dynamics of modern power systems. Existing stability classification frameworks, historically based on SM-dominated systems, are being revised to incorporate IBR influences, introducing new stability categories like Converter-Driven Stability (CDS). This work investigates novel insights into the interactions between SMs, IBR unit dynamics, and network dynamics that have been overlooked in the literature. It provides a comprehensive framework that is open-source and adaptable for generic power system topologies, allowing for scalable results and analyses. Furthermore, the proposed framework is utilized to determine optimal allocations of virtual inertia and damping in low inertia power systems to enhance frequency stability metrics
Mnassri, Mohamed. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un moteur à très faible inertie." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066354.
Full textPoulain, David. "Dimensionnement des réseaux métropolitains transparents à faible consommation d'énergie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0012.
Full textIn this thesis we address the problem of dimensionning metropolitan all-optical rings with low energy consumption. A new architecture for all-optical nodes, called Packet Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (POADM), improves the performance of metropolitan networks while reducing their energy consumption and therefore their operating costs. A POADM is composed of advanced optical receivers whose unit cost is elevated. The number of these equipments is variable in each node and it determines the performance but also the capital expenditure of the network. We offer design solutions to both ensure network performance while minimizing the cost of deploying it
Canard, Jean-François. "Impact de la génération d'énergie dispersée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0137.
Full textPower systems are undergoing profound changes due to the deregulation of the power industry. One of the consequences of this deregulation is the emergence of dispersed generation in distribution networks. The introduction of this generation within the existing distribution networks cao have important effects that should he carefully assessed. This thesis deals with the identification and assessment of these impacts on distribution networks (voltage, short-circuit currents, stability, critical clearing time. . . ). These impacts are highlighted by using dynamic simulations and by using small signaIs theory tools (eigenvalues and participation factors). Furthennore, several optimisation algorithms are used in order to insert this dispersed generation in the existing distribution networks in an optimum way (security, enhanced performances. . . ). Optimisation algorithms (algorithm of Minimax, genetics, simplex and simulated annealing) are also implemented to irnprove the voltage profile of distribution networks with dispersed generation. In addition, sorne of these algorithms are used to coordinate the gains contained in the controllers of the dispersed generations in order to improve the stability of the networks. Influence indices are also defined in arder to identify the influence areas ofthe dispersed generation on the distribution networks
Jupin, Samuel. "Advanced Control of Multilevel Power Converters for Weak Grid Applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0210.
Full textWith the progressive rise of the micro-grids incorporating renewable energy sources, a new electricity distribution paradigm is emerging. These new architectures interface uncontrolled consumers with intermittent energy sources, therefore imposing more stress on the conversion, storage and management of the energy.Power converters are adapting accordingly, in particular, with the development of multi-level converters, which allow higher power rates and better power quality than their predecessors with similar components, but whose control is becoming increasingly complex.Due to their hybrid nature, the control of power converters is traditionally split into two parts: on the one side, the continuous objectives related to the main interfacing function of the power converters, and, on the other side, the driving of their quantized power switches, known as the modulation strategy.In this context, the growing demands in efficiency, reliability, versatility and performance require a high level of intelligence of the complete control structure. To meet these requirements, the objectives of this research work are to address both the interfacing objectives and the inner driving of the converter into a single controller. This decision implies incorporating the non-linearity of power converters into the controller, equivalent to suppressing the traditional modulation block. Modulation is the traditional solution to linearize the inner operation of the converters. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach was chosen to handle the non-linearity and the diversity of control objectives that accompany power converters.The developed control algorithm combines graph theory, with Dijkstra, A* and other algorithms, with a special state-space model designed for switching systems to form a powerful universal tool capable of simultaneously manipulating the discrete and continuous nature of the converter and its environment. Switched state-space models are studied, leading to interesting results on stability and controllability concerning their application on power converters.The obtained controller is then tested in simulation, with various case studies: grid-connected and standalone inverter, rectifier and bidirectional operation. These situations are studied for three common multi-level topologies: Neutral Point-Clamped, Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H-Bridge. The exact same MPC structure is used for each and every one of the case studies, with adaptations of its internal behavior. This behavior is agglomerated in two functions: the prediction, containing the model of the converter, and the cost function, which translates the control requirements into the optimal problem solved by the algorithm. Changing the topology implies adjusting the model, without impacting the cost function, while modifying this function is sufficient to adapt to the different applications.The results show that the controller manages to directly drive the power switches according to the application, demonstrating a large variety of considerations and objectives. The overall performance of this unique structure is comparable to that of the multiple structures used for each of the studied cases, with the notable exception of rectifier operation mode, where the speed and range of possibilities are particularly interesting.In conclusion, the developed controller manages miscellaneous applications, topologies, objectives and constraints. While the traditional linear control structures have to change, often deeply, for different operation modes and control requirements, such modifications do not affect the control architecture of the designed MPC controller. This shows the versatility of the proposed solution and its universality, further demonstrated by its ability to adapt to different power converters without modifications. Finally, the complexity of the modulation is fully included in the structure, offering simplicity and flexibility to the control design
Salazar, Gutierrez Camilo Andrés. "Récepteurs de réveil très faible consommation utilisant des techniques de filtrage de type N-Path." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10031/document.
Full textThe continuous development of performant systems intended for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) sets an exciting motivation to bring “intelligence” to our environment. Multiple researches have been addressed to the development of advanced methodologies enabling the possibility of providing objects with individual wireless sensing devices. Set as sensor networks, these emerging WSN enables autonomous monitoring of diverse environments for applications such as medical care, environmental monitoring, system security and smart structures. To guaranty dense node deployment and long lifetime, each sensor node must be small, low-cost and low-power. In order to fulfill the WSN low-energy requirements, asynchronous rendez-vous schemes based on Wake-Up Receivers (WuRx) may be implemented. This thesis research focuses on the development of a compact and low-cost ultra-low power wake-up receiver providing high sensitivity and strong interference rejection. The proposed architecture overcomes the need of high-Q time-base references by combining a low-Q resonator-referred local oscillator and distributed multi-stage signal-path high-Q filtering obtained by means of integrated ULP electronic means. Based on a Dual-IF architecture, this WuRx takes creative advantage of the N-path passive-mixers (N-PPM) impedance frequency translation principle to enhance the sensitivity and provide strong interferer immunity. Implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics, this thesis work pushes the state-of-the-art boundary, proposing a 2.4GHz On-Off Keying (OOK) dual-IF WuRx with -97dBm sensitivity and -27dB carrier-to-interferer ratio at 5MHz carrier frequency offset, while consuming 99μW
Abdel, Nour Christine. "Modélisation d’une installation photovoltaïque avec réflecteurs en vue de l’intégration dans un réseau intelligent." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS146.
Full textIn order to improve the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) installation, a complementary approach to improving the efficiency of PV modules is to increase the collection of photons using low concentration of the solar flux on the modules. Flat reflectors are a simple and economical solution for that purpose. They allow increasing electrical production without significant additional cost. However, the estimation of this gain requires careful consideration of the non-uniform illumination provided by these reflectors. The objective of this thesis work is to test the potential of a PV-reflector system with the possibility of periodic adjustment of the tilt angles of the plane of the reflectors and the plane of the PV modules. To this end, it was necessary to set up a PV-reflector demonstrator with industrial modules, as well as to develop a simple modeling tool and validate it experimentally. First, an estimation model of the plane of array, POA, based on Cartesian optics and hypotheses of isotropic radiation of the atmosphere and Lambertian reflection of surfaces is developed. It is based on ground measurements or satellite images inputs. This model experimentally validated allowed to optimize the geometry of a PV-reflector installation by considering a fixed installation or variable geometry, with different periodic adjustments (monthly, seasonal) of the tilt angles of the PV modules and the reflectors, as well as different lengths of reflectors. This strategy for geometrical optimization of POA irradiation has been applied in six locations around the world with very different weather conditions. An analytical estimation photoelectric model is then developed to move from POA irradiance to PV power estimation. Adding flat reflectors introduces a non-uniform distribution of the irradiance on the PV modules which can cause the activation of bypass diodes. This photoelectric model has been tested experimentally for a PV module with non-uniform illumination. Finally, a PV demonstrator is built at the GeePs laboratory (with 6 crystalline Silicon modules connected in series) and equipped with planar reflectors, POA irradiance sensors and temperature sensors. An analysis of power production of this installation was carried out over a year in the absence and presence of reflectors. The analytical model developed previously made it possible to choose the suitable fixed architecture of this demonstrator as well as to conduct performance studies. The results highlight the importance of optimizing the architecture of a PV-reflector system according to the geographic area and the season or the month of the year. They also show that an irradiation study makes it possible to optimize a local potential of such system independently of the technology of the modules, but in no case, it is sufficient to optimize the geometry of an installation. Finally, the theoretical model is simplified: not taking into account the very near horizon, assumption of infinite rows, assumption of a uniform and isotropic atmosphere, constant coefficient of mirrors reflection, pessimistic approach concerning the activation of the bypass diodes… and limited local measurements presenting uncertainties. The installation of demonstrators has made it effectively possible to provide answers and elements of discussion around these aspects
Wang, Ye. "Evaluation de la Performance des Réglages de Fréquence des Eoliennes à l’Echelle du Système Electrique : Application à un Cas Insulaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0027/document.
Full textThe increasing development of wind power that does not participate in frequency control leads to new challenges in the management of electrical power systems. The problems are more significant in weak power grids. The present thesis aims to evaluate the performance and the reliability of frequency response from wind turbines on a system-wide scale. Studies are applied onto an isolated power grid.First of all, the impact of high levels of wind penetration on primary reserve allocation and on grid dynamic behaviour is characterized. It is shown that the participation of wind turbines in frequency regulation is technically required for maintaining power system security from a certain wind penetration rate.Two solutions allowing wind turbines to contribute to frequency control are then studied through dynamic simulations. The performance of emulated inertia is characterized by taking into account the impact of initial wind operating point and controller parameters. The contribution of wind power reserve to system dynamic performance improvement is also identified.In order to assess the potential and the reliability of wind primary reserve, the last part of this research work is devoted to statistical analyses considering the variability and the prediction uncertainty of wind generation. Two strategies for reserve allocation are proposed and compared. The impact of forecast errors on the potential of wind power reserve is also highlighted. Finally the power frequency characteristic of a wind farm as well as the droop adjustment range is characterized
Perez, Filipe. "Control of AC/DC Microgrids with Renewables in the Context of Smart Grids : Including Ancillary Services and Electric Mobility." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG011.
Full textMicrogrids are a very good solution for current problems raised by the constant growth of load demand and high penetration of renewable energy sources, that results in grid modernization through “Smart-Grids” concept. The impact of distributed energy sources based on power electronics is an important concern for power systems, where natural frequency regulation for the system is hindered because of inertia reduction. In this context, Direct Current (DC) grids are considered a relevant solution, since the DC nature of power electronic devices bring technological and economical advantages compared to Alternative Current (AC). The thesis proposes the design and control of a hybrid AC/DC Microgrid to integrate different renewable sources, including solar power and braking energy recovery from trains, to energy storage systems as batteries and supercapacitors and to loads like electric vehicles or another grids (either AC or DC), for reliable operation and stability. The stabilization of the Microgrid buses’ voltages and the provision of ancillary services is assured by the proposed control strategy, where a rigorous stability study is made. A low-level distributed nonlinear controller, based on “System-of-Systems” approach is developed for proper operation of the whole Microgrid. A supercapacitor is applied to deal with transients, balancing the DC bus of the Microgrid and absorbing the energy injected by intermittent and possibly strong energy sources as energy recovery from the braking of trains and subways, while the battery realizes the power flow in long term. Dynamical feedback control based on singular perturbation analysis is developed for supercapacitor and train. A Lyapunov function is built considering the interconnected devices of the Microgrid to ensure the stability of the whole system. Simulations highlight the performance of the proposed control with parametric robustness tests and a comparison with traditional linear controller. The Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) approach is implemented in the Microgrid for power sharing and frequency stability improvement. An adaptive virtual inertia is proposed, then the inertia constant becomes a system’s state variable that can be designed to improve frequency stability and inertial support, where stability analysis is carried out. Therefore, the VSM is the link between DC and AC side of the Microgrid, regarding the available power in DC grid, applied for ancillary services in the AC Microgrid. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive inertia, where a comparison with droop and standard control techniques is conducted