Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de tuyaux'
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Fabié, Isabelle. "Le problème des fuites dans les réseaux d'eau potable." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P121.
Full textHaidar, Hatem. "Réhabilitation des réseaux d'eau potable : méthodologie d'analyse multicritère de spatrimoines et des programmes de réhabilitation." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0104/these.pdf.
Full textThis research provides some extensions of the studies realised within the European project CARE-W: Computer Aided REhabilitaion for Water networks. Within the CARE-W suite of software tools, CARE-W_ARP is a module dedicated to the definition of Annual Rehabilitation Programmes. Research works aim at assessing and improving the decision support provided by CARE-W_ARP (criteria and procedure). Another objective is to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation Programmes, by means of numerical experiments associated with the real data. A first part of the research is dedicated to the representation of the decision process leading to an annual rehabilitation programme. Two sets of criteria have been elaborated: The first set of criteria allows assessing and comparing water pipes, in taking account of both the impacts of the pipe condition and replacement cost. Each criterion is expressed as efficiency: avoided impacts per K€ dedicated to replacement. The second set of criteria allows assessing and comparing rehabilitation Programmes. The second part deals with the assessment of the benefits of using the suite of tools depending on the available data. The experiments also provide and illustrate methodological proposals relating to the parameterization of ELECTRE TRI. A multicriteria analysis procedure is proposed to support CARE-W_ARP users in generating a rehabilitation Programme in accordance with their preferences
Belloul, Malika. "Influence du confinement sur les mécanismes physiques régissant le trafic de gouttes au sein de réseaux micro et milli fluidiques." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S111.
Full textIn this work, we investigate repartionning of monodisperse droplets at a simple asymmetric bifurcation. We show that a trac of discrete uid in microuidic systems is regulated by two distincts mechanisms : collective hydrodynamic feedback and local colisions. The competition between these two mechanisms is controlled by the connement of the droplets. For each mechanism, we propose simple phenomenological models in terms of the various pertinent parameters of the problem. Furthermore, we develop a passive method to measure pressure drops in microuidics channels. We measure the excess hydrodynamic resistance of each droplet channel for channels having circular and rectangular cross-sections. We show that the geometry of a channel aects the mobility of droplets. Droplets travel faster (slmower) than the average ow speed for channels having circular (rectangular) cross sections
Asnaashari, Ahmad. "Modélisation de la défaillance des réseaux d'eau : approches statistique, réseau de neurones et survie." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Asnaashari.pdf.
Full textMaillet, Laëtitia. "Flaveurs et odeurs dans les réseaux intérieurs d’eau potable : impact des matériaux et des conditions d’utilisation." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S089.
Full textThis work studies the possible impact of the private distribution system on the appearance of flavours and odours in tap water. It consists in identifying the contributing factors inside the private distribution system to alter organoleptic water quality. A method was set up to investigate the interaction water/material in two ways: i) pipes’ material taking into account the design, the priming of the private distribution system and the behaviour of consumers, ii) the tap fittings and the water treatment devices at points-of-use. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the private distribution system alters the organoleptic water quality. The procedure of the PVC or the copper pipes connection is identified to impart off-flavours episodes. During dynamic experiments, only the PEX-c pipe material leads to the appearance of plastic, chemical flavour and odour or also mouthfeeling after a 63h and a 168h of stagnation. The panelists perceive the change of water quality in particular concerning the chlorine concentration. Moreover, tap-joint gaskets (31% EPDM) and tap tubings (21. 5% NR or IR; 38% EPDM) impart a bitter taste, a chemical/plastic flavour at tap water. The panel perceives a chemical odour. Then, the descriptors “smoke”, “burnt” or “woody” are specific to water samples in contact with tap tubings. Finally, chemical analyses of the water samples reveal that the organoleptic water degradation is provoked by the complex mix of several compounds and differents families of molecule
Haudidier-Bornert, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des biofilms des réseaux de distribution d'eau d'alimentation." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10499.
Full textMillet, Pierre. "Modélisation du transfert et du transport de composés organiques des matériaux dans l’eau potable : Applications aux réseaux d’eau intérieurs." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0039.
Full textThe French Public Health Code sets out the requirement on tap water quality and the materials used in the contact of drinking water are subject to the Attestation of Sanitary Conformity. However, organoleptic degradation can remain in tap water. A bibliographic study has shown that organoleptic degradation could be caused by the presence of chemicals migrating from materials and by complex hydrodynamic phenomenon. A compartmental model has been developed. It models the transfer and the transport of chemicals from materials to water. This approach allows to combine the study of transfer of chemical from the material and the study of hydrodynamics in private water installations. It provides the opportunity i)- to observe the impact of dynamic operating conditions on the concentration of chemicals in tap water ii)- to make diagnostics of the installation to avoid disagreements and iii)- to study the quantity of chemicals deliver in tap water in function of consumption habits of the users. The study of chemicals transfer phenomenon in dynamic conditions has shown the impact of water temperature, turbulent agitation and duration of the use of materials on migration kinetics of chemicals. However, the experiences made with compartmental model have indicated that the leaching of chemicals in dynamic conditions was negligible compared with the leaching of chemicals in static conditions. Indeed, the static contact time is far more important that the dynamic one. However, it has been shown that the hydrodynamics could have a significant impact on tap water quality, particularly due to exchanges between different parts of the networks. Finally, the complex scenario development based on consumption habits of the users have shown that the quantity of chemicals ingest by the consumers were strongly dependant of the consumption behaviour of the users. The approach could be a part of a process like the threshold of toxicological concern based on the prediction of the daily quantities of chemicals ingest
Large, Aurore. "Une meilleure gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'eau potable : le modèle de prévision du renouvellement à long terme OPTIMEAU." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0086/document.
Full textIn developed countries, drinking water is distributed to households. This comfort requires a long networkwith a high value. To optimize resources and performance, it is important to renew pipe sectionsat the best possible time. This thesis presents the short (1-3 years), medium and long term (> 30 years)models commonly employed. The short-term processes seem quite effective, but long term methods remainrough. The OPTIMEAU model proposes a long-term approach to get a prospective overview ofpipes and improve its management, while remaining connected to the technical practices at short-termlevel. This approach, based on survival statistical models, is tested using actual data of three Europeanwater services : SEDIF (Syndicat des Eaux d’Ile de France), Grand Lyon and eauservice Lausanne inSwitzerland. The originality of this model lies in the estimation of the past decommissioning age distribution,keystone in the construction of eleven indicators related to finance, achievements and futureperformance of water utilities
Chesneau, Olivier. "Un outil d'aide à la maîtrise des pertes dans les réseaux d'eau potable : La modélisation dynamique de différentes composantes du débit de fuite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CHESNEAU_Olivier_2006.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of the performance of water networks due to ageing has to be fought. The high financial stakes involved in keeping the quality of service at an acceptable level impose the need for a controlled and motivated management of assets. Leaks, whose effects are particularly detrimental for the resource, are one of the key indicators of the infrastructures deterioration. This study presents a tool to foresee the evolution of leaks, considering both the natural growth in time and the interventions of the operator to reduce them. Leak flows and repair records on District Metered Areas are used to elaborate this tool and calibrate a dynamic model, named the “three states model”. It is based on the double hypothesis that the leaks appear according to a Yule process and that they transform with time to pass through three successive states (background leaks, unreported leaks and manifest bursts). Considering the mean age of the DMAs, the model first restores the selected records by decomposing the leak flow into a part due to the background leaks and another part linked with the unreported leaks. Then, it allows the evolution of the leak flow at several time steps to be followed when various management scenarios are applied to the DMA. The simulation of the benefits of leak-finding or renewal operations is made possible by the model formulation and so can guide the choices and the programming of operator interventions
Jafar, Raed. "Modélisation de la dégradation des réseaux d'eau en vue d'une gestion prévisionnelle." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_132.pdf.
Full textCastillo, Montes Jaime. "Impacts des stratégies d'exploitation de réseaux intérieurs sur la durabilité de canalisations d'eau chaude." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730705.
Full textGuekie, Simo Aubin Thibaut. "Effets de la variation spatiale et temporelle des propriétés des terrains sur les défaillances des réseaux enterrés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14679/document.
Full textThe interactions between shallow groundwater and sewer network are generally complex. The aim of this research is to study the impact of the water table level variation on the damages of the buried pipes. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical groundwater flow model of the shallow multi-aquifer of the Bordeaux urban area, within a 83 km2 area (Mérignac, Pessac, Talence), is developed, calibrated and validated. In order to do this, in a first step, a conceptual model was built based on stratigraphic descriptions of the boreholes. A geostastistical study was carried out to build the limits of the geological layers and the piezometrical maps from the measurement campaigns of water table levels. Then, an original methodology to transform the description of lithological units to local hydraulic conductivity values is proposed and the reconstruction of hydraulic conductivity fields at the urban scale was performed based on geostatistical methods. In a second step, hydrogeological conditions were simulated using the finite-difference groundwater flow model MODFLOW-2005 (Visual Modflow ©). The hydrogeological parameters were then calibrated manually and automatically based on water table elevation data measured in July 2010, October 2010 and March 2010. The model validation covered 6890 days, from June 1993 to may 2012. The results showed that the simulated heads are quite accurate and reproduce the main dynamics of the system at 35 piezometers. The spatial and temporal distribution of the heads of the piezometers simulated permitted to identify the flooding zones of the sewer network by comparing the piezometric head with the altitude of the networks. The sectors where the pipes are damaged were localized in the zone wherein there is low probability of flooding. Additionally, the natural hydrologic environment, taken as a sole factor, cannot explain the pipe breakage phenomena
Bouaziz, Mohamed Ali. "Sécurité des réseaux d’adduction d’eau potable en présence de défaut superficiel sous l’effet du phénomène de coup de bélier." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0044/document.
Full textThe water crisis in the world and the shortage of water resources require good management of this precious resource. Good management requires, first and foremost, a reliable drinking water supply system with low leakage rate. Leakage caused by the rupture of pipes, fairly frequent phenomenon in urban areas, initiate from a pre-existing defect in the pipe wall. The initiation and propagation of the crack occur under environmental stress caused by passing vehicles, or it can happen brutally due to water hammer phenomenon. The severity of these phenomena depends on several parameters including the nature of the piping material. Polymeric materials such as HDPE, take a great part of the water transport market, thanks to their many qualities (reduced cost, ease of installation, flexibility), especially in secondary network distribution system. Currently, the use of this material in the supply networks (aqueducts) is booming but less studied in research works. The aim of the present work is to study the failure of high density polyethylene pipes for the supply of drinking water and their resistance to water hammer phenomenon. In order to address this issue, first we have characterized experimentally the mechanical fracture behavior of HDPE pipe. Then, we have developed a finite element calculation tool allowing the modeling of pipes subjected to internal pressure loads. As a result of this numerical study, we proposed a semi-empirical model linking the failure pressure to the size of pre-existing defects as well as the pipe dimensions. Finally, we applied the developed tools on an existing drinking water system. The behavior of HDPE pipe subjected to a water hammer phenomenon was analyzed
Cousin, Elissa. "Three Essays on Water Economics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN026/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the issue of water infrastructure renewal in potable water distribution networks. I investigate the reasons why water infrastructure in certain water utilities are not renewed. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is based on theoretical models that solve for the optimal water main network quality index. The second chapter studies the optimal timing of water mains replacement. And finally, the third chapter is based on an empirical study on the factors that influence the water main replacement rates in French utilities.In the first chapter I present a static cost minimisation model to solve for the cost-efficient water main quality index. This quality index is defined as the proportion of ``new" mains (which we denote as ''good quality mains'') to the total length of mains. The solution depends on the arbitrage between the cost of water loss and the cost of good quality mains. Where economies of network density are present such as urban utilities, water loss represents a cost burden to the water utility; hence water loss reduction (high network quality) is beneficial. Furthermore, we show that rural utilities face the largest difficulty in achieving both water loss reduction and cost recovery of network renewal.In the second chapter I present a two-stage optimal switching timing model that solves for the profit-maximising timing of water mains replacement. This model considers the option between rehabilitation and replacement. Water utilities may be inclined to rehabilitate old mains to extend their longevity since rehabilitation costs are much lower than replacement costs. We show that it is beneficial for the utilities to replace mains that are already obsolete than to rehabilitate since the generated benefit from temporary water loss reduction and the postponement of replacement is not worth the cost of rehabilitation. This is particularly noticeable in large urban utilities that face large costs of water loss.In the third chapter, I present an empirical study on the water mains replacement rates observed in French water utilities. The empirical results based on cross sectional data show that publicly operated utilities on average have higher replacement rates than outsourced utilities. This is because most of the public utilities have short total network length (very high replacement rates are associated with small network length). Moreover, small rural networks tend to conduct replacement of mains alongside other roadworks. However results also show that public utilities have higher replacement rates over outsourced ones in very large urban utilities. This result reflects the difference of priorities defined by in-house operated utilities and outsourced utilities. This difference does not imply that outsource utilities neglect network renewal; instead it reveals the nature of the structure of outsourced utilities. The responsibility of outsourced utilities are defined in the contract signed with the local authority. If network renewal is not specified, there is no incentive for replacing mains. Moreover, in practice, outsourced utilities often manifest higher prices which are accompanied by higher water quality. Furthermore, the results show that the size of the network has a large impact on replacement rates. The longer the length, the proportion of replaced mains are smaller; however, for very large utilities the negative effect disappears. The results show that replacement rates are indeed greater in very large urban utilities. This result is coherent with the theoretical models presented in the first chapter that shows the urgent need for high network quality in large urban utilities
Hoang, Huu Tinh. "Contrôle santé intégré passif par ondes élastiques guidées de tuyauteries pour applications nucléaires et pétrolières." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0023.
Full textStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors into a structure in order to monitor its health inreal time throughout its lifetime. The research works carried out in this thesis aimed at developing a new approachof SHM for the detection of corrosion/erosion in pipes. This manuscript presents a new quantitative imaging method,called passive elastic guided wave tomography, based on the use of an embedded network of piezoelectric sensors(PZT) listening and analyzing only the ambient elastic noise which is naturally generated by the fluid circulation inpipes. This passive method offers many advantages for a SHM system, such as reduction of energy consumption,simplified electronics and ability to perform an inspection while the structure is in operation. In addition, thispassive method makes SHM systems possible to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) which have several advantagesover traditional PZT sensors (low intrusivity, resistance to harsh environments, etc.) but which are not able to emitwaves. A first demonstration of the feasibility of corrosion/erosion imaging by FBG is illustrated experimentallythanks to a result obtained by hybrid tomography in which wave emission is performed by PZT and reception byFBG. All these works offer promising perspectives for the application of passive tomography on industrial structuresusing a pure FBG system. Among the various results presented in this thesis, we also show that corrosion/erosiondefects can be characterized by tomography on a straight pipe without the need for a baseline measurement in apristine state. It is feasible by using a new method of auto-calibration of the data used for tomography. The absenceof baseline measurement makes the method very reliable and avoid false alarms of the system. Finally, preliminarystudies on tomography for more complex structures such as a bended pipe have been realized and validated throughsimulations
Halfaya, Fatma Zohra. "Evaluation des courbes de vulnerabilité sismique d'un réseau de conduites enterrées." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0065.
Full textWithin this work, seismic vulnerability of buried pipelines is investigated. This is to provide reliable tools allowing the diagnosis and the targeting of interventions that can reduce the risk of loss in the water network in case of an earthquake. A case study focused on the city of Blida is analyzed in order to apply the developed concepts herein. Blida has a large economic infrastructure and its water network is a representative sample of the water supply systems of Algerian cities. This network was put under a Geographic Information System (GIS) to allow easy interpretation of the different results. Two approaches were used to study this vulnerability problem, a statistical method and a numerical method. Thestatistical approach uses the seismic feedback experiences as a basis to identify the parameters that have an influence on the seismic behavior of a pipe. Weighting factors are determined too, allowing the definition of a vulnerability index. This one enables the classification of buried pipelines according their vulnerability. Vulnerability curves are also proposed. The numerical approach uses the concept of macro element to model the behavior of a buried pipeline under seismic solicitation taking into account the soil structure interaction. Far field and near field are considered through the use of a maco element, another macoelement is developed for the joint between two pipes. A computational strategy is developed and tested on a sample. The results describe the behavior of pipes during an earthquake. They allow a refinement of the statistical approach coefficients and the methodology can be used to build vulnerability curves
Arango, Luisa. "Ethnographies de la gestion de l'eau à Tuti (Khartoum, Soudan) et Cano de Loro (Carthagène, Colombie) : histoire, localité et politique dans une perspective d'anthropologie urbaine comparée." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080043/document.
Full textAt the turn of the twentieth century, numerous cities such as Cartagena (Colombia) and Khartoum (Sudan), adopted a centralized technical and administrative model for the management of drinking water. Associated since its construction to planned urban development projects, the water network constitutes a political technology and becomes a landmark of urban spatiality, for politicians as well as for technicians and urban dwellers. The compared analysis of access strategies, daily usage, and the role of water in the imagination of two populations with an ambiguous urban status – Caño de Loro (Cartagena) and Tuti (Khartoum) – allows us to approach the social complexity of contemporary cities in the South. The comparison supposes a reflexive orientation that leads us, over and beyond the socio-political dynamics of each context, to critically consider our categories of analysis. In the first part the water network is contextualized in the history of each city, where its recent apparition and setting up rests upon the reinforcement or creation of dense power relations, as well as a new conception of nature, particularly of water. Such relational and political features lead to, in the second part, an understanding of how the materiality of water and its sharing produces particular localities within the urban space. Therefore, the analysis of relations between public and private spheres through everyday water exchanges lets us discuss the relevance of the notion of “collective management” of resources in Cartagena and Khartoum. The third part considers the mechanisms draw on by different actors within the particular context of urban planning to negotiate their margin of action on land and water. It highlights the political dimension of identity categories as well as the transformative power of individual and collective actions in situations where resource management is crossed with individual, local, national, and global logics at the same time