Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de neurones LSTM'
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Gelly, Grégory. "Réseaux de neurones récurrents pour le traitement automatique de la parole." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS295/document.
Full textAutomatic speech processing is an active field of research since the 1950s. Within this field the main area of research is automatic speech recognition but simpler tasks such as speech activity detection, language identification or speaker identification are also of great interest to the community. The most recent breakthrough in speech processing appeared around 2010 when speech recognition systems using deep neural networks drastically improved the state-of-the-art. Inspired by this gains and the work of Alex Graves on recurrent neural networks (RNN), we decided to explore the possibilities brought by these models on realistic data for two different tasks: speech activity detection and spoken language identification. In this work, we closely look at a specific model for the RNNs: the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) which mitigates a lot of the difficulties that can arise when training an RNN. We augment this model and introduce optimization methods that lead to significant performance gains for speech activity detection and language identification. More specifically, we introduce a WER-like loss function to train a speech activity detection system so as to minimize the word error rate of a downstream speech recognition system. We also introduce two different methods to successfully train a multiclass classifier based on neural networks for tasks such as LID. The first one is based on a divide-and-conquer approach and the second one is based on an angular proximity loss function. Both yield performance gains but also speed up the training process
Stuner, Bruno. "Cohorte de réseaux de neurones récurrents pour la reconnaissance de l'écriture." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR024.
Full textState-of-the-art methods for handwriting recognition are based on LSTM recurrent neural networks (RNN) which achieve high performance recognition. In this thesis, we propose the lexicon verification and the cohort generation as two new building blocs to tackle the problem of handwriting recognition which are : i) the large vocabulary problem and the use of lexicon driven methods ii) the combination of multiple optical models iii) the need for large labeled dataset for training RNN. The lexicon verification is an alternative to the lexicon driven decoding process and can deal with lexicons of 3 millions words. The cohort generation is a method to get easily and quickly a large number of complementary recurrent neural networks extracted from a single training. From these two new techniques we build and propose a new cascade scheme for isolated word recognition, a new line level combination LV-ROVER and a new self-training strategy to train LSTM RNN for isolated handwritten words recognition. The proposed cascade combines thousands of LSTM RNN with lexicon verification and achieves state-of-the art word recognition performance on the Rimes and IAM datasets. The Lexicon Verified ROVER : LV-ROVER, has a reduce complexity compare to the original ROVER algorithm and combine hundreds of recognizers without language models while achieving state of the art for handwritten line text on the RIMES dataset. Our self-training strategy use both labeled and unlabeled data with the unlabeled data being self-labeled by its own lexicon verified predictions. The strategy enables self-training with a single BLSTM and show excellent results on the Rimes and Iam datasets
Bouaziz, Mohamed. "Réseaux de neurones récurrents pour la classification de séquences dans des flux audiovisuels parallèles." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0224/document.
Full textIn the same way as TV channels, data streams are represented as a sequence of successive events that can exhibit chronological relations (e.g. a series of programs, scenes, etc.). For a targeted channel, broadcast programming follows the rules defined by the channel itself, but can also be affected by the programming of competing ones. In such conditions, event sequences of parallel streams could provide additional knowledge about the events of a particular stream. In the sphere of machine learning, various methods that are suited for processing sequential data have been proposed. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks have proven its worth in many applications dealing with this type of data. Nevertheless, these approaches are designed to handle only a single input sequence at a time. The main contribution of this thesis is about developing approaches that jointly process sequential data derived from multiple parallel streams. The application task of our work, carried out in collaboration with the computer science laboratory of Avignon (LIA) and the EDD company, seeks to predict the genre of a telecast. This prediction can be based on the histories of previous telecast genres in the same channel but also on those belonging to other parallel channels. We propose a telecast genre taxonomy adapted to such automatic processes as well as a dataset containing the parallel history sequences of 4 French TV channels. Two original methods are proposed in this work in order to take into account parallel stream sequences. The first one, namely the Parallel LSTM (PLSTM) architecture, is an extension of the LSTM model. PLSTM simultaneously processes each sequence in a separate recurrent layer and sums the outputs of each of these layers to produce the final output. The second approach, called MSE-SVM, takes advantage of both LSTM and Support Vector Machines (SVM) methods. Firstly, latent feature vectors are independently generated for each input stream, using the output event of the main one. These new representations are then merged and fed to an SVM algorithm. The PLSTM and MSE-SVM approaches proved their ability to integrate parallel sequences by outperforming, respectively, the LSTM and SVM models that only take into account the sequences of the main stream. The two proposed approaches take profit of the information contained in long sequences. However, they have difficulties to deal with short ones. Though MSE-SVM generally outperforms the PLSTM approach, the problem experienced with short sequences is more pronounced for MSE-SVM. Finally, we propose to extend this approach by feeding additional information related to each event in the input sequences (e.g. the weekday of a telecast). This extension, named AMSE-SVM, has a remarkably better behavior with short sequences without affecting the performance when processing long ones
Chraibi, Kaadoud Ikram. "apprentissage de séquences et extraction de règles de réseaux récurrents : application au traçage de schémas techniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0032/document.
Full textThere are two important aspects of the knowledge that an individual acquires through experience. One corresponds to the semantic memory (explicit knowledge, such as the learning of concepts and categories describing the objects of the world) and the other, the procedural or syntactic memory (knowledge relating to the learning of rules or syntax). This "syntactic memory" is built from experience and particularly from the observation of sequences of objects whose organization obeys syntactic rules.It must have the capability to aid recognizing as well as generating valid sequences in the future, i.e., sequences respecting the learnt rules. This production of valid sequences can be done either in an explicit way, that is, by evoking the underlying rules, or implicitly, when the learning phase has made it possible to capture the principle of organization of the sequences without explicit recourse to the rules. Although the latter is faster, more robust and less expensive in terms of cognitive load as compared to explicit reasoning, the implicit process has the disadvantage of not giving access to the rules and thus becoming less flexible and less explicable. These mnemonic mechanisms can also be applied to business expertise. The capitalization of information and knowledge in general, for any company is a major issue and concerns both the explicit and implicit knowledge. At first, the expert makes a choice to explicitly follow the rules of the trade. But then, by dint of repetition, the choice is made automatically, without explicit evocation of the underlying rules. This change in encoding rules in an individual in general and particularly in a business expert can be problematic when it is necessary to explain or transmit his or her knowledge. Indeed, if the business concepts can be formalized, it is usually in any other way for the expertise which is more difficult to extract and transmit.In our work, we endeavor to observe sequences of electrical components and in particular the problem of extracting rules hidden in these sequences, which are an important aspect of the extraction of business expertise from technical drawings. We place ourselves in the connectionist domain, and we have particularly considered neuronal models capable of processing sequences. We implemented two recurrent neural networks: the Elman model and a model with LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) units. We have evaluated these two models on different artificial grammars (Reber's grammar and its variations) in terms of learning, their generalization abilities and their management of sequential dependencies. Finally, we have also shown that it is possible to extract the encoded rules (from the sequences) in the recurrent network with LSTM units, in the form of an automaton. The electrical domain is particularly relevant for this problem. It is more constrained with a limited combinatorics than the planning of tasks in general cases like navigation for example, which could constitute a perspective of this work
Adam, Chloé. "Pattern Recognition in the Usage Sequences of Medical Apps." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC027/document.
Full textRadiologists use medical imaging solutions on a daily basis for diagnosis. Improving user experience is a major line of the continuous effort to enhance the global quality and usability of software products. Monitoring applications enable to record the evolution of various software and system parameters during their use and in particular the successive actions performed by the users in the software interface. These interactions may be represented as sequences of actions. Based on this data, this work deals with two industrial topics: software crashes and software usability. Both topics imply on one hand understanding the patterns of use, and on the other developing prediction tools either to anticipate crashes or to dynamically adapt software interface according to users' needs. First, we aim at identifying crash root causes. It is essential in order to fix the original defects. For this purpose, we propose to use a binomial test to determine which type of patterns is the most appropriate to represent crash signatures. The improvement of software usability through customization and adaptation of systems to each user's specific needs requires a very good knowledge of how users use the software. In order to highlight the trends of use, we propose to group similar sessions into clusters. We compare 3 session representations as inputs of different clustering algorithms. The second contribution of our thesis concerns the dynamical monitoring of software use. We propose two methods -- based on different representations of input actions -- to address two distinct industrial issues: next action prediction and software crash risk detection. Both methodologies take advantage of the recurrent structure of LSTM neural networks to capture dependencies among our sequential data as well as their capacity to potentially handle different types of input representations for the same data
Hambarek, Djamel Eddine. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'essais dynamiques appliquée à la mise au point moteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0035.
Full textThe work of this thesis responds to the context of the evolution of engine depollution norms together with the increase of the clientrequirements. It proposes a complete methodology of engine calibration considering dynamic effects with the aim of an efficient control in terms of emissions and performances. The method is divided into four steps: the dynamic design of experiments generating a set of RDE (Real Driving Emissions) cycles and dynamic variations of engine parameters using low discrepancy sequences: test results are used to train a dynamical model using LSTM neural network to predict output dynamic variations(CO, HC, NOx, Exhaust flow and temperature). The trained model is used in an optimization loop to calibrate the engine parameters using a genetic algorithm. The catalyst warm-up phase is the chosen phase for the development of the method. It is the phase occuring from engine start until the catalyst is the most efficient. It is indeed the phase with the most important emissions which is coherent with the aim of the engine calibration. The results showed noticeable improvements of CO, HC and Nox reduction compared to the steady state (baseline) method
Wenzek, Didier. "Construction de réseaux de neurones." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343569.
Full textTsopze, Norbert. "Treillis de Galois et réseaux de neurones : une approche constructive d'architecture des réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0407/document.
Full textThe artificial neural networks are successfully applied in many applications. But theusers are confronted with two problems : defining the architecture of the neural network able tosolve their problems and interpreting the network result. Many research works propose some solutionsabout these problems : to find out the architecture of the network, some authors proposeto use the problem domain theory and deduct the network architecture and some others proposeto dynamically add neurons in the existing networks until satisfaction. For the interpretabilityproblem, solutions consist to extract rules which describe the network behaviour after training.The contributions of this thesis concern these problems. The thesis are limited to the use of theartificial neural networks in solving the classification problem.In this thesis, we present a state of art of the existing methods of finding the neural networkarchitecture : we present a theoritical and experimental study of these methods. From this study,we observe some limits : difficulty to use some method when the knowledges are not available ;and the network is seem as ’black box’ when using other methods. We a new method calledCLANN (Concept Lattice-based Artificial Neural Network) which builds from the training dataa semi concepts lattice and translates this semi lattice into the network architecture. As CLANNis limited to the two classes problems, we propose MCLANN which extends CLANN to manyclasses problems.A new method of rules extraction called ’MaxSubsets Approach’ is also presented in thisthesis. Its particularity is the possibility of extracting the two kind of rules (If then and M-of-N)from an internal structure.We describe how to explain the MCLANN built network result aboutsome inputs
Voegtlin, Thomas. "Réseaux de neurones et auto-référence." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/voegtlin_t.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to present a class of unsupervised learning algorithms for recurrent networks. In the first part (chapters 1 to 4), I propose a new approach to this question, based on a simple principle: self-reference. A self-referent algorithm is not based on the minimization of an objective criterion, such as an error function, but on a subjective function, that depends on what the network has previously learned. An example of a supervised recurrent network where learning is self-referent is the Simple Recurrent Network (SRN) by Elman (1990). In the SRN, self-reference is applied to the supervised error back-propagation algorithm. In this aspect, the SRN differs from other generalizations of back-propagation to recurrent networks, that use an objective criterion, such as Back-Propagation Through Time, or Real-Time Recurrent Learning. In this thesis, I show that self-reference can be combined with several well-known unsupervised learning methods: the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Independent Components Analysis (ICA). These techniques are classically used to represent static data. Self-reference allows one to generalize these techniques to time series, and to define unsupervised learning algorithms for recurrent networks
Teytaud, Olivier. "Apprentissage, réseaux de neurones et applications." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/teytaud_o.
Full textCôté, Marc-Alexandre. "Réseaux de neurones génératifs avec structure." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10489.
Full textJodouin, Jean-François. "Réseaux de neurones et traitement du langage naturel : étude des réseaux de neurones récurrents et de leurs représentations." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112079.
Full textBrette, Romain. "Modèles Impulsionnels de Réseaux de Neurones Biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005340.
Full textTardif, Patrice. "Autostructuration des réseaux de neurones avec retards." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24240/24240.pdf.
Full textMaktoobi, Sheler. "Couplage diffractif pour réseaux de neurones optiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD019.
Full textPhotonic networks with high performance can be considered as substrates for future computing systems. In comparison with electronics, photonic systems have substantial privileges, for instance the possibility of a fully parallel implementation of networks. Recently, neural networks have moved into the center of attention of the photonic community. One of the most important requirements for parallel large-scale photonic networks is to realize the connectivities. Diffraction is considered as a method to process the connections between the nodes (coupling) in optical neural networks. In the current thesis, we evaluate the scalability of a diffractive coupling in more details as follow:First, we begin with a general introductions for artificial intelligence, machine learning, artificial neural network and photonic neural networks. To establish a working neural network, learning rules are an essential part to optimize a configuration for obtaining a low error from the system, hence learning rules are introduced (Chapter 1). We investigate the fundamental concepts of diffractive coupling in our spatio-temporal reservoir. In that case, theory of diffraction is explained. We use an analytical scheme to provide the limits for the size of diffractive networks which is a part of our photonic neural network (Chapter 2). The concepts of diffractive coupling are investigated experimentally by two different experiments to confirm the analytical limits and to obtain maximum number of nodes which can be coupled in the photonic network (Chapter 3). Numerical simulations for such an experimental setup is modeled in two different schemes to obtain the maximum size of network numerically, which approaches a surface of 100 mm2 (Chapter 4). Finally, the complete photonic neural network is demonstrated. We design a spatially extended reservoir for 900 nodes. Consequently, our system generalizes the prediction for the chaotic Mackey–Glass sequence (Chapter 5)
Ouali, Jamel. "Architecture intégrée flexible pour réseaux de neurones." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0035.
Full textBigot, Pascal. "Utilisation des réseaux de neurones pour la télégestion des réseaux techniques urbains." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10036.
Full textKoiran, Pascal. "Puissance de calcul des réseaux de neurones artificiels." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO19003.
Full textGraïne, Slimane. "Inférence grammaticale régulière par les réseaux de neurones." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132020.
Full textLe, Fablec Yann. "Prévision de trajectoires d'avions par réseaux de neurones." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT034H.
Full textCorne, Christophe. "Parallélisation de réseaux de neurones sur architecture distribuée." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0583.
Full textFernandez, Brillet Lucas. "Réseaux de neurones CNN pour la vision embarquée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM043.
Full textRecently, Convolutional Neural Networks have become the state-of-the-art soluion(SOA) to most computer vision problems. In order to achieve high accuracy rates, CNNs require a high parameter count, as well as a high number of operations. This greatly complicates the deployment of such solutions in embedded systems, which strive to reduce memory size. Indeed, while most embedded systems are typically in the range of a few KBytes of memory, CNN models from the SOA usually account for multiple MBytes, or even GBytes in model size. Throughout this thesis, multiple novel ideas allowing to ease this issue are proposed. This requires to jointly design the solution across three main axes: Application, Algorithm and Hardware.In this manuscript, the main levers allowing to tailor computational complexity of a generic CNN-based object detector are identified and studied. Since object detection requires scanning every possible location and scale across an image through a fixed-input CNN classifier, the number of operations quickly grows for high-resolution images. In order to perform object detection in an efficient way, the detection process is divided into two stages. The first stage involves a region proposal network which allows to trade-off recall for the number of operations required to perform the search, as well as the number of regions passed on to the next stage. Techniques such as bounding box regression also greatly help reduce the dimension of the search space. This in turn simplifies the second stage, since it allows to reduce the task’s complexity to the set of possible proposals. Therefore, parameter counts can greatly be reduced.Furthermore, CNNs also exhibit properties that confirm their over-dimensionment. This over-dimensionement is one of the key success factors of CNNs in practice, since it eases the optimization process by allowing a large set of equivalent solutions. However, this also greatly increases computational complexity, and therefore complicates deploying the inference stage of these algorithms on embedded systems. In order to ease this problem, we propose a CNN compression method which is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA allows to find, for each layer of the network independently, a new representation of the set of learned filters by expressing them in a more appropriate PCA basis. This PCA basis is hierarchical, meaning that basis terms are ordered by importance, and by removing the least important basis terms, it is possible to optimally trade-off approximation error for parameter count. Through this method, it is possible to compress, for example, a ResNet-32 network by a factor of ×2 both in the number of parameters and operations with a loss of accuracy <2%. It is also shown that the proposed method is compatible with other SOA methods which exploit other CNN properties in order to reduce computational complexity, mainly pruning, winograd and quantization. Through this method, we have been able to reduce the size of a ResNet-110 from 6.88Mbytes to 370kbytes, i.e. a x19 memory gain with a 3.9 % accuracy loss.All this knowledge, is applied in order to achieve an efficient CNN-based solution for a consumer face detection scenario. The proposed solution consists of just 29.3kBytes model size. This is x65 smaller than other SOA CNN face detectors, while providing equal detection performance and lower number of operations. Our face detector is also compared to a more traditional Viola-Jones face detector, exhibiting approximately an order of magnitude faster computation, as well as the ability to scale to higher detection rates by slightly increasing computational complexity.Both networks are finally implemented in a custom embedded multiprocessor, verifying that theorical and measured gains from PCA are consistent. Furthermore, parallelizing the PCA compressed network over 8 PEs achieves a x11.68 speed-up with respect to the original network running on a single PE
He, Bing. "Estimation paramétrique du signal par réseaux de neurones." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-75.pdf.
Full textPompougnac, Hugo. "Spécification et compilation de réseaux de neurones embarqués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS436.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose an approach for the joint specification and compilation of both High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Real-Time Embedded (RTE) aspects of a system. Our approach is based on a formal, algorithmic and tooled integration between two formalisms underlying a large part of works in HPC and RTE fields: the SSA formalism and the synchronous dataflow language Lustre. The SSA formalism is a key component of many HPC compilers, including those used by Machine Learning frameworks such as TensorFlow or PyTorch. The Lustre language is a key component of implementation processes of critical embedded systems in avionics or rail transportation
Bénédic, Yohann. "Approche analytique pour l'optimisation de réseaux de neurones artificiels." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605216.
Full textGatet, Laurent. "Intégration de Réseaux de Neurones pour la Télémétrie Laser." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7595/1/gatet.pdf.
Full textRobitaille, Benoît. "Contrôle adaptatif par entraînement spécialisé de réseaux de neurones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35778.pdf.
Full textDucom, Jean-Christophe. "Codage temporel et apprentissage dans les réseaux de neurones." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11041.
Full textBenaïm, Michel. "Dynamiques d'activation et dynamiques d'apprentissage des réseaux de neurones." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0001.
Full textAupetit, Michaël. "Approximation de variétés par réseaux de neurones auto-organisés." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0128.
Full textJiang, Fei. "Optimisation de la topologie de grands réseaux de neurones." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112211.
Full textIn this dissertation, we present our study regarding the influence of the topology on the learning performances of neural networks with complex topologies. Three different neural networks have been investigated: the classical Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) with complex graph topology, the Echo States Network (ESN) and the Standard Model Features(SMF). In each case, we begin by comparing the performances of different topologies for the same task. We then try to optimize the topology of some neural network in order to improve such performance. The first part deals with Self-Organizing Maps, and the task is the standard classification of handwritten digits from the MNIST database. We show that topology has a small impact on performance and robustness to neuron failures, at least at long learning times. Performance may however be increased by almost 10% by artificial evolution of the network topology. In our experimental conditions, the evolved networks are more random than their parents, but display a more heterogeneous degree distribution. In the second part, we propose to apply CMA-ES, the state-of-the-art method in evolutionary continuous parameter optimization, to the evolutionary learning of the parameters of an Echo State Network (the Readout weights, of course, but also, Spectral Radius, Slopes of the neurons active function). First, a standard supervised learning problem is used to validate the approach and compare it to the original one. But the flexibility of Evolutionary optimization allows us to optimize not only the outgoing weights but also, or alternatively, other ESN parameters, sometimes leading to improved results. The classical double pole balancing control problem is used to demonstrate the feasibility of evolutionary reinforcement learning of ESN. We show that the evolutionary ESN obtain results that are comparable with those of the best topology-learning neuro-evolution methods. Finally, the last part presents our initial research of the SMF - a visual object recognition model which is inspired by the visual cortex. Two version based on SMF are applied to the PASCAL Visual multi-Object recognition Challenge (VOC2008). The long terms goal is to find the optimal topology of the SMF model, but the computation cost is however too expensive to optimize the complete topology directly. So as a first step, we apply an Evolutionary Algorithm to auto-select the feature used by the systems. We show that, for the VOC2008 challenge, with only 20% selected feature, the system can perform as well as with all 1000 randomly selected feature
Alvado, Ludovic. "Neurones artificiels sur silicium : une évolution vers les réseaux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12674.
Full textThis thesis describes a new approach for modelling biological neuron networks. This approach uses analogue specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in which Hodgkin-Huxley formalism as been implemented to integrate medium density artificial neural network, modelled at a biological realistic level. This thesis also deals with the component mismatches problem and the pertinent choice of optimized structure dedicated to network applications
Biela, Philippe. "Classification automatique d'observations multidimensionnelles par réseaux de neurones compétitifs." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-469.pdf.
Full textElhor, Noureddine. "Suivi de fonctionnement d'une éolienne par réseaux de neurones." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-57.pdf.
Full textLa projection non lineaire offre une visualisation plane des donnees alors que les comparaisons entre les sorties estimees et reelles generent des residus permettant de verifier si le spectre courant a devie ou non du fonctionnement normal memorise par le reseau. Pour valider notre etude, nous avons teste les performances du reseau sur des donnees en fonctionnement normal acquis dans des situations differentes de celles de la base d'apprentissage et sur des situations correspondant a des defauts simules type balourd. Ce type de defauts se manifeste par l'apparition d'une frequence et ses harmoniques dans le spectre d'energie. Dans les deux situations, les resultats obtenus par le reseau ont ete quantifies et se sont reveles satisfaisants. Nous avons exploite, par ailleurs, un reseau modulaire a apprentissage supervise pour la discrimination entre deux situations : le fonctionnement normal et la presence d'un defaut type balourd d'une amplitude minimale fixee. Les performances du reseau ont ete testees sur des defauts d'amplitudes differentes. Souvent les methodes de diagnostic sont appliquees sur des bancs d'essais dans des conditions de laboratoire controlees. Notre demarche est d'autant plus importante que nous surveillons une machine reelle en pleine production
Chakik, Fadi El. "Maximum d'entropie et réseaux de neurones pour la classification." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0091.
Full textDemartines, Pierre. "Analyse de données par réseaux de neurones auto-organisés." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0129.
Full textOussar, Yacine. "Réseaux d'ondelettes et réseaux de neurones pour la modélisation statique et dynamique de processus." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000677.
Full textBissery, Christophe. "La détection centralisée des fuites sur les réseaux d'eau potable par réseaux de neurones." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0112.
Full textFor few years, under the influence of the urban environment, the perception of dysfunction risk in technical systems and in particular in water supply networks has changed. The lack of risk doesn't exist and it's necessary to learn how to manage it. It's in this way that appears the need of centralized leakage detection on water supply networks, leaks that represent an important part of the dysfunction risk of water supply. This study proposes a centralized leakage detection system using a computerized neural network approach. The building method of learning bases and the sensors localization method are pointed out and developed. This study has showed that on a realistic network model results obtained with the centralized leakage detection system using a computerized neural network approach allowed experimentations on real networks. The study ends on the presentation of the working priorities for these real experimentations (and in particular the need of hourly water consumption previsions)
Basterrech, Sebastián. "Apprentissage avec les réseaux de neurones aléatoires et les machines de calcul avec réservoir de neurones." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S178.
Full textSince the 1980s a new computational model merging concepts from neural networks and queuing theory was developed. The model was introduced under the name of Random Neural Networks (RNNs), inside the field of Neural Networks. In this thesis, a first contribution consists of an adaptation of quasi-Newton optimisation methods for training the RNN model. In the last decade, a new computational paradigm was introduced in the field of Machine Learning, under the name of Reservoir Computing (RC). One of the pioneers and most diffused RC methods is the Echo State Network (ESN) model. Here, we propose a method based on topographic maps to initialise the ESN procedure. Another contribution of the thesis is the introduction of a new RC model called the Echo State Queueing Network (ESQN), where we use ideas coming from RNNs for the design of the reservoir. An ESQN consists of an ESN where the reservoir has a new dynamics inspired by recurrent RNNs. In this thesis, we position the ESQN method in the global Machine Learning area, and provide examples of their use and performances. Finally, we propose a method for real–time estimation of Speech Quality using the learning tools above described. Audio quality in the Internet can be strongly affected by network conditions. As a consequence, many techniques to evaluate it have been developed. In particular, the ITU-T adopted in 2001 a technique called Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) to automatically measuring speech quality. PESQ is a well-known and widely used procedure, providing in general an accurate evaluation of perceptual quality by comparing the original and received voice sequences. The thesis provides a procedure for estimating PESQ output working only with measures taken on the network state and using some properties of the communication system, without any original signal. The experimental results obtained prove the capability of our approach to give good estimations of the speech quality in a real–time context
Krauth, Werner. "Physique statistique des réseaux de neurones et de l'optimisation combinatoire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011866.
Full textPersonnaz, Léon. "Etude des réseaux de neurones formels : conception, propriétés et applications." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066569.
Full textMercier, David. "Hétéro-association de signaux audio-vidéo par réseaux de neurones." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10009.
Full textPuechmorel, Stéphane. "Réseaux de neurones et optimisation globale en analyse temps-fréquence." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT105H.
Full textBoné, Romuald. "Réseaux de neurones récurrents pour la prévision de séries temporelles." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4003.
Full textStrock, Anthony. "Mémoire de travail dans les réseaux de neurones récurrents aléatoires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0195.
Full textWorking memory can be defined as the ability to temporarily store and manipulate information of any kind.For example, imagine that you are asked to mentally add a series of numbers.In order to accomplish this task, you need to keep track of the partial sum that needs to be updated every time a new number is given.The working memory is precisely what would make it possible to maintain (i.e. temporarily store) the partial sum and to update it (i.e. manipulate).In this thesis, we propose to explore the neuronal implementations of this working memory using a limited number of hypotheses.To do this, we place ourselves in the general context of recurrent neural networks and we propose to use in particular the reservoir computing paradigm.This type of very simple model nevertheless makes it possible to produce dynamics that learning can take advantage of to solve a given task.In this job, the task to be performed is a gated working memory task.The model receives as input a signal which controls the update of the memory.When the door is closed, the model should maintain its current memory state, while when open, it should update it based on an input.In our approach, this additional input is present at all times, even when there is no update to do.In other words, we require our model to be an open system, i.e. a system which is always disturbed by its inputs but which must nevertheless learn to keep a stable memory.In the first part of this work, we present the architecture of the model and its properties, then we show its robustness through a parameter sensitivity study.This shows that the model is extremely robust for a wide range of parameters.More or less, any random population of neurons can be used to perform gating.Furthermore, after learning, we highlight an interesting property of the model, namely that information can be maintained in a fully distributed manner, i.e. without being correlated to any of the neurons but only to the dynamics of the group.More precisely, working memory is not correlated with the sustained activity of neurons, which has nevertheless been observed for a long time in the literature and recently questioned experimentally.This model confirms these results at the theoretical level.In the second part of this work, we show how these models obtained by learning can be extended in order to manipulate the information which is in the latent space.We therefore propose to consider conceptors which can be conceptualized as a set of synaptic weights which constrain the dynamics of the reservoir and direct it towards particular subspaces; for example subspaces corresponding to the maintenance of a particular value.More generally, we show that these conceptors can not only maintain information, they can also maintain functions.In the case of mental arithmetic mentioned previously, these conceptors then make it possible to remember and apply the operation to be carried out on the various inputs given to the system.These conceptors therefore make it possible to instantiate a procedural working memory in addition to the declarative working memory.We conclude this work by putting this theoretical model into perspective with respect to biology and neurosciences
Chevallier, Julien. "Modélisation de grands réseaux de neurones par processus de Hawkes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4051/document.
Full textHow does the brain compute complex tasks? Is it possible to create en artificial brain? In order to answer these questions, a key step is to build mathematical models for information processing in the brain. Hence this manuscript focuses on biological neural networks and their modelling. This thesis lies in between three domains of mathematics - the study of partial differential equations (PDE), probabilities and statistics - and deals with their application to neuroscience. On the one hand, the bridges between two neural network models, involving two different scales, are highlighted. At a microscopic scale, the electrical activity of each neuron is described by a temporal point process. At a larger scale, an age structured system of PDE gives the global activity. There are two ways to derive the macroscopic model (PDE system) starting from the microscopic one: by studying the mean dynamics of one typical neuron or by investigating the dynamics of a mean-field network of $n$ neurons when $n$ goes to infinity. In the second case, we furthermore prove the convergence towards an explicit limit dynamics and inspect the fluctuations of the microscopic dynamics around its limit. On the other hand, a method to detect synchronisations between two or more neurons is proposed. To do so, tests of independence between temporal point processes are constructed. The level of the tests are theoretically controlled and the practical validity of the method is illustrated by a simulation study. Finally, the method is applied on real data
Pothier, Dominique. "Réseaux convolutifs à politiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69184.
Full textDespite their excellent performances, artificial neural networks high demand of both data and computational power limit their adoption in many domains. Developing less demanding architecture thus remain an important endeavor. This thesis seeks to produce a more flexible and less resource-intensive architecture by using reinforcement learning theory. When considering a network as an agent instead of a function approximator, one realize that the implicit policy followed by popular feed forward networks is extremely simple. We hypothesize that an architecture able to learn a more flexible policy could reach similar performances while reducing its resource footprint. The architecture we propose is inspired by research done in weight prediction, particularly by the hypernetwork architecture, which we use as a baseline model.Our results show that learning a dynamic policy achieving similar results to the static policies of conventional networks is not a trivial task. Our proposed architecture succeeds in limiting its parameter space by 20%, but does so at the cost of a 24% computation increase and loss of5% accuracy. Despite those results, we believe that this architecture provides a baseline that can be improved in multiple ways that we describe in the conclusion.
Koubi, Vassilada. "Reseaux de neurones et optimisation combinatoire." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S014.
Full textRichard, Vincent. "Outils de synthèse pour les réseaux réflecteurs exploitant la cellule Phoenix et les réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0004/document.
Full textIn collaboration with Thales Alenia Space and the French Space Agency (CNES), this PHD takes part in a very active international context on a new antenna: the reflectarrays (RA).Combining the advantages of conventional reflectors and those of networks, RA could eventually replace the currently used shaped reflectors. They consist of a primary source placed in front of a network of cells controlling the properties of the reflected electromagnetic field. Although many studies already focus on the characterization of cells, one of the issues is to carefully select them to achieve the final antenna: this is the synthesis step.An overview of different synthesis methods revealed the complexity to quickly obtain good performance simultaneously on the co- and cross-polarizations, for a wide frequency band and for the realization of shaped radiation pattern. The Phoenix cell is selected in this work for its good properties since it provides the entire phase range following a continuous cycle of geometries.Because one of the constraints in the design of RA is to maintain continuous geometry variations between two juxtaposed cells on the layout, a spherical representation tool made it possible to classify all the studied cells. It judiciously lists all the cells on a continuous, closed and periodic surface.A new step is reached with the design of behavioral models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). These models enable to a fast electromagnetic characterization of cells in terms of phase and amplitude of the direct and cross coefficients of the reflection matrix.The originality of the synthesis algorithm proposed in this work is the combined use of the spherical representation and a rapid cell characterization by ANN. A min / max optimization tool is used to improve the overall performance of the RA panel. It is then applied to a concrete case as part of a telecommunication mission
Bernauer, Éric. "Les réseaux de neurones et l'aide au diagnostic : un modèle de neurones bouclés pour l'apprentissage de séquences temporelles." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30277.
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