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Academic literature on the topic 'Réseaux de Neurones à Impulsions SNN'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Réseaux de Neurones à Impulsions SNN"
Spyrou, Theofilos. "Functional safety and reliability of neuromorphic computing systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS118.
Full textThe recent rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found a wide range of applications essentially integrating it gaining more and more ground in almost every field of our lives. With this steep integration of AI, it is reasonable for concerns to arise, which need to be eliminated before the employment of AI in the field, especially in mission- and safety-critical applications like autonomous vehicles. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), although biologically inspired, inherit only partially the remarkable fault resilience capabilities of their biological counterparts, being vulnerable to electronic defects and faults occurring at hardware level. Hence, a methodological exploration of the dependability characteristics of AI hardware accelerators and neuromorphic platforms is of utmost importance. This thesis tackles the subjects of testing and fault tolerance in SNNs and their neuromorphic implementations on hardware
Godin, Christelle. "Contributions à l'embarquabilité et à la robustesse des réseaux de neurones en environnement radiatif : apprentissage constructif : neurones à impulsions." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0013.
Full textSoula, Hédi. "Dynamique et plasticité dans les réseaux de neurones à impulsions : étude du couplage temporel réseau / agent / environnement." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0056/these.pdf.
Full textAn «artificial life » approach is conducted in order to assess the neural basis of behaviours. Behaviour is the consequence of a good concordance between the controller, the agent’s sensori-motors capabilities and the environment. Within a dynamical system paradigm, behaviours are viewed as attractors in the perception/action space – derived from the composition of the internal and external dynamics. Since internal dynamics is originated by the neural dynamics, learning behaviours therefore consists on coupling external and internal dynamics by modifying network’s free parameters. We begin by introducing a detailed study of the dynamics of large networks of spiking neurons. In spontaneous mode (i. E. Without any input), these networks have a non trivial functioning. According to the parameters of the weight distribution and provided independence hypotheses, we are able to describe completely the spiking activity. Among other results, a bifurcation is predicted according to a coupling factor (the variance of the distribution). We also show the influence of this parameter on the chaotic dynamics of the network. To learn behaviours, we use a biologically plausible learning paradigm – the Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) that allows us to couple neural and external dynamics. Applying shrewdly this learning law enables the network to remain “at the edge of chaos” which corresponds to an interesting state of activity for learning. In order to validate our approach, we use these networks to control an agent whose task is to avoid obstacles using only the visual flow coming from its linear camera. We detail the results of the learning process for both simulated and real robotics platform
Buhry, Laure. "Estimation de paramètres de modèles de neurones biologiques sur une plate-forme de SNN (Spiking Neural Network) implantés "insilico"." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14057/document.
Full textThese works, which were conducted in a research group designing neuromimetic integrated circuits based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model, deal with the parameter estimation of biological neuron models. The first part of the manuscript tries to bridge the gap between neuron modeling and optimization. We focus our interest on the Hodgkin-Huxley model because it is used in the group. There already existed an estimation method associated to the voltage-clamp technique. Nevertheless, this classical estimation method does not allow to extract precisely all parameters of the model, so in the second part, we propose an alternative method to jointly estimate all parameters of one ionic channel avoiding the usual approximations. This method is based on the differential evolution algorithm. The third chaper is divided into three sections : the first two sections present the application of our new estimation method to two different problems, model fitting from biological data and development of an automated tuning of neuromimetic chips. In the third section, we propose an estimation technique using only membrane voltage recordings – easier to mesure than ionic currents. Finally, the fourth and last chapter is a theoretical study preparing the implementation of small neural networks on neuromimetic chips. More specifically, we try to study the influence of cellular intrinsic properties on the global behavior of a neural network in the context of gamma oscillations
Buhry, Laure. "Estimation de paramètres de modèles de neurones biologiques sur une plate-forme de SNN (Spiking Neural Network) implantés "in silico"." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561396.
Full textFaouzi, Johann. "Machine learning to predict impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS048.
Full textImpulse control disorders are a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity. These disorders are common during the course of Parkinson's disease, decrease the quality of life of subjects, and increase caregiver burden. Being able to predict which individuals are at higher risk of developing these disorders and when is of high importance. The objective of this thesis is to study impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease from the statistical and machine learning points of view, and can be divided into two parts. The first part consists in investigating the predictive performance of the altogether factors associated with these disorders in the literature. The second part consists in studying the association and the usefulness of other factors, in particular genetic data, to improve the predictive performance
Thiele, Johannes C. "Deep learning in event-based neuromorphic systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS403/document.
Full textInference and training in deep neural networks require large amounts of computation, which in many cases prevents the integration of deep networks in resource constrained environments. Event-based spiking neural networks represent an alternative to standard artificial neural networks that holds the promise of being capable of more energy efficient processing. However, training spiking neural networks to achieve high inference performance is still challenging, in particular when learning is also required to be compatible with neuromorphic constraints. This thesis studies training algorithms and information encoding in such deep networks of spiking neurons. Starting from a biologically inspired learning rule, we analyze which properties of learning rules are necessary in deep spiking neural networks to enable embedded learning in a continuous learning scenario. We show that a time scale invariant learning rule based on spike-timing dependent plasticity is able to perform hierarchical feature extraction and classification of simple objects of the MNIST and N-MNIST dataset. To overcome certain limitations of this approach we design a novel framework for spike-based learning, SpikeGrad, which represents a fully event-based implementation of the gradient backpropagation algorithm. We show how this algorithm can be used to train a spiking network that performs inference of relations between numbers and MNIST images. Additionally, we demonstrate that the framework is able to train large-scale convolutional spiking networks to competitive recognition rates on the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets. In addition to being an effective and precise learning mechanism, SpikeGrad allows the description of the response of the spiking neural network in terms of a standard artificial neural network, which allows a faster simulation of spiking neural network training. Our work therefore introduces several powerful training concepts for on-chip learning in neuromorphic devices, that could help to scale spiking neural networks to real-world problems