Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de capteurs (technologie) – Applications industrielles'
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Kherdali, Khalil el. "Etude, conception et réalisation d'un radar ultrasonore." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20122.
Full textSoua, Ridha. "Wireless sensor networks in industrial environment : energy efficiency, delay and scalability." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066029.
Full textSome industrial applications require deterministic and bounded gathering delays. We focus on the joint time slots and channel assignment that minimizes the time of data collection and provides conflict-free schedules. This assignment allows nodes to sleep in any slot where they are not involved in transmissions. Hence, these schedules save the energy budjet of sensors. We calculate the minimum number of time slots needed to complete raw data convergecast for a sink equipped with multiple radio interfaces and heterogeneous nodes traffic. We also give optimal schedules that achieve the optimal bounds. We then propose MODESA, a centralized joint slots and channels assignment algorithm. We prove the optimality of MODESA in specific topologies. Through simulations, we show that MODESA is better than TMCP, a centralized subtree based scheduling algorithm. We improve MODESA with different strategies for channels allocation. In addition, we show that the use of a multi-path routing reduces the time of data collection .Nevertheless, the joint time slot and channels assignment must be able to adapt to changing traffic demands of the nodes (alarms, additional requests for temporary traffic) . We propose AMSA , an adaptive joint time slots and channel assignment based on incremental technical solution. To address the issue of scalability, we propose, WAVE, a distributed scheduling algorithm for convergecat that operates in centralized or distributed mode. We show the equivalence of schedules provided by the two modes
Katcharov, Nicolas. "Capteurs et réseaux de capteurs à fibres optiques pour applications gazières." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0018.
Full textMaréchal, Nicolas. "Consensus de moyenne dans les réseaux de capteurs : applications et optimisation." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textDepending on their applications, sensor networks may be composed of a varying number of nodes having severe constraints on their size, cost, energetic consumption, and as a consequence on a large set of related parameters. These characteristics involve the need of distributed methods for organization and data processing. In particular, the class of average consensus algorithms (ACA), initially designed for computing the empirical mean of a set of input parameters, is a building block which is about to play an important role for complex applicative algorithms/protocols. The goal of this thesis is to provide elements for improving this category of algorithms, and validating them on some applications. In a first time, it focuses on characterization and optimization methods applied to ACA from the state of the art. Then, two new algorithms are proposed in order to reduce the energetic cost. The first one takes place in an estimation framework and aims at taking quickly account of fresh information. The second algorithm focuses on reducing the communication cost by exploiting the diffusive nature of wireless communications and requiring no transmission control mechanism (such as acknowledgements or synchronization). To finish with, applications to fine synchronization of clocks (physical layer) and to parametric cartography (application layer) are given
Yang, Yi. "Les applications de la théorie des graphes dans des réseaux de télécommunication et des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112218.
Full textFerraz, Eduardo. "Topologie algébrique de complexes simpliciaux aléatoires et applications aux réseaux de capteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0006.
Full textThis thesis has two main parts. Part I uses stochastic anlysis to provide bounds for the overload probability of different systems thanks to concentration inequalities. Although the results are general, we apply them to real wireless network systems such as WiMax and mutliclass user traffic in an OFDMA system. In part I I, we find more connections between the topology of the coverage of a sensor network and the topology of its corresponding simplicial complex. These connections highlight new aspects of Betti numbers, the number of k-simplices, and Euler characteristic. Then, we use algebraic topology in conjunction with stochastic analysis, after assuming that the positions of the sensors are points of a Point point process. As a consequence we obtain, in d dimensions, the statistics of the number of k-simplices and of Euler characteristic, as well as upper bounds for the distribution of Betti numbers. We also prove that the number of k-simplices tends to a Gaussian distribution as the density of sensors grows, and we specify the convergence rate. Finally, we restrict ourselves to one dimension. In this case, the problem becomes equivalent to solving a M/M/1/1 preemptive queue. We obtain analytical results for quantites such as the distribution of the number of connected components and the probability of complete coverage
Sagot, Tessier Virginie. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'antennes-capteurs destinées à la mesure de température par radiométrie microonde en vue de nouvelles applications industrielles et médicales." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10170.
Full textGomez, Laurent. "Intégration sécurisée et fiable des réseaux de capteurs sans fil dans des applications d'entreprise." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4129.
Full textSensor networks appear to be one of the technologies of the 21st century. Empowered with short wireless communication capabilities, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) leverage traditional sensor networks by enabling random and dense deployment of smart and low-resource devices in different physical areas (e. G. Battle field, body). Self-organized, wireless network are composed of low-cost, low-power and heterogeneous sensor devices, which are capable of sensing, processing, routing and disseminating data towards special sensor nodes so-called sinks or gateways. Empowered with monitoring capabilities, WSNs are highly pro table for applications from different domains (e. G. Defense, healthcare, traffic control). To that respect, WSNs raise the awareness of business applications. Therefore, WSNs support them in their functional optimization and in the reduction of response time in decision making. Nevertheless, and despite of the interest of industrials, there is still a technical and security gap between business applications and WSN systems. The main contribution of this thesis lies in the integration of wireless sensor networks into business applications in a secure and trusted way. Hence the use of sensor data within business application comes along with strong security and trust requirements from industrials. In order to full technical requirements, we design a mediation layer between WSNs and business applications underlying mechanisms for acquisition, processing, persistence and delivery of sensor data. We enrich our mediation layers with two security and trust mechanisms tting resource restrictions on nodes. We propose a security mechanism for efficient access control to sensor data, and a trust mechanisms for the assessment of sensor data from their production on the nodes, to their delivery to business applications
Randrianarisaina, Aina Andriamampianina. "Modélisation de la consommation d'énergie en vue de la conception conjointe (matériel/logiciel) des applications embarquées : application aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN)." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=104e8d62-82c6-45b8-ae60-aea7ebbe171d.
Full textIn the field of embedded systems, constraints are often related to the size and energy. Embedded applications are becoming more sensitive to energy consumption. In fact, this latter depends on the autonomy of the application, but also its performances. One must take into account the constraints of energy consumption in the early stages of the specification and the design of a product. Therefore, the design of embedded systems constrained consumption is a key issue facing the need to control energy costs. For example, in the field of sensor networks, this aspect is a major constraint for which it is necessary to define innovative design strategies touching on all aspects involved in these systems. Our goal is to contribute to the definition of models and hardware and software architectures design methods of embedded systems, taking into account the constraints of energy consumption. The proposed models will be used for simulation but also to the design of systems architectures
Ferraz, Eduardo. "Topologie algébrique de complexes simpliciaux aléatoires et applications aux réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0006/document.
Full textThis thesis has two main parts. Part I uses stochastic anlysis to provide bounds for the overload probability of different systems thanks to concentration inequalities. Although the results are general, we apply them to real wireless network systems such as WiMax and mutliclass user traffic in an OFDMA system. In part I I, we find more connections between the topology of the coverage of a sensor network and the topology of its corresponding simplicial complex. These connections highlight new aspects of Betti numbers, the number of k-simplices, and Euler characteristic. Then, we use algebraic topology in conjunction with stochastic analysis, after assuming that the positions of the sensors are points of a Point point process. As a consequence we obtain, in d dimensions, the statistics of the number of k-simplices and of Euler characteristic, as well as upper bounds for the distribution of Betti numbers. We also prove that the number of k-simplices tends to a Gaussian distribution as the density of sensors grows, and we specify the convergence rate. Finally, we restrict ourselves to one dimension. In this case, the problem becomes equivalent to solving a M/M/1/1 preemptive queue. We obtain analytical results for quantites such as the distribution of the number of connected components and the probability of complete coverage
Aissani, Mohamed. "Optimisation du routage dans les réseaux de capteurs pour les applications temps-réel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1001.
Full textResolution of the void-problem in geographical routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an open problem and it can be considered as key issue in disseminating data from sensor nodes to sinks. In this thesis, unlike previously-proposed methods, we address this problem in a different manner by proposing a novel approach to handle both voids and real-time flows with optimizing energy-efficiency of deployed nodes in a WSN. The proposed approach is based on the geographic information of the current node, of the neighbor voids and of the sink. Our proposal relies on the mechanisms that discover voids, announce them and then maintain them. The first proposed protocol, called VT-SPEED, is based on an adaptive void-avoidance mechanism that considers both load of routing candidate nodes and their localization information. To make VT-SPEED energy-aware, we also propose new routines based on parameterized functions that handle routing dissipation energy : (a) dropping out-of-order packets and (b) load-balancing when choosing next hop of packets. The resulting protocol, called VE-SPEED, has satisfactory results which show that the proposed approach satisfies the real-time constraints of data flows, tolerates voids, preserves energy resources of boundary nodes, balances load between nodes and has optimal energy consumption
Khssibi, Sabri. "Utilisation des réseaux de capteurs de canne pour les applications de surveillance de personnes." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20078/document.
Full textThe world is undergoing profound demographic changes closely linked with the development of the field of public health. The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. Several existing research projects have as objective to ensure the maintenance to homes of the elderly, by a better follow-up by using new technologies. Among them, we find the proposed CANet who proposed the use of sugar cane as a tool for monitoring non-intrusive by the integration of a multitude of sensors. The cane used a wireless communication system, which allows him to exchange with a collection center or surveillance. This technological solution allows the respect of the private life of older persons, without limiting their freedom. Our thesis subject is inscribed in the framework of this project CANet. The work of this thesis is organized primarily around the design of an architecture protocol topology, and access methods for wireless networks, which allow monitoring of older persons through a network of sensors embedded in a cane. The main objective of the thesis is the study of architectures and protocols implemented at the level wireless communication to provide a reliable network infrastructure for various services for monitoring, measures, routing of data to a control center remote (medical office, members of the family, etc.). These proposals have been the subject of a theoretical study and analysis of performance by simulation
Chis, Andreea. "Méthodes et outils pour la compilation et l'optimisation logicielle des systèmes embarqués sans fil dédiés à des applications." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0708.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks are are highly constrained in resources: computation, memory and energy. In this context, particular attention must be paid when designing applications, communication protocols and operating systems that will run on the sensor nodes. The purpose of this thesis was to adapt the software models conventionally used for programming applications to the field of sensor networks and to propose methods and tools to build a customized version of the software to run on the sensor nodes from a model of the application.One of the components of a micro-sensor that consumes the most energy is its radio interface. The behavior of a MAC layer protocol can be expressed as a timed automaton with fixed states (which correspond to specific states of the physical device) or free states ( the choice for their mapping is left to the programmer). The behavior of a radio device itself can be expressed as an automaton consisting of transitional (with fixed duration) and non-transitional states (with unlimited duration but with a minimum time duration constraint). The problem of mapping a free state of the software of fixed duration on a path of the physical device by minimizing the energy consumed is proven to be NP-complete. A heuristic to map the free states of an automaton corresponding to a software protocol to states or paths between the states of a physical device is proposed. The approach leads to theoretical gains of 60% for the mapping of B-MAC, a MAC layer protocol. For two categories of operating systems dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks (event model and multi-threaded), code skeletons are generated. The simulations under the Worldsens platform of the multi-threaded code skeleton generated for B-MAC and adapted to Mantis OS confirmed the theoretical gains. Experiments on the real platform SensLab have shown that the optimization in terms of energy does not change the functional performance of the protocol
Hadjidj, Abdelkrim. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil pour la supervision des systèmes critiques." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2044.
Full textPollet, Valentin. "Contribution à des problèmes algorithmiques dans les graphes : applications aux réseaux de capteurs, et recherche de motifs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS054.
Full textIn this thesis, we give results on three algorithmical problems in graphs.First, we study the Distance-2 Broadcast Scheduling problem in wireless ad-hoc networks. We assume that time is discretized into slots. At each slot, all the communication events take place simultaneously. Given a network and a source node detaining a piece of information, distance-2 broadcast scheduling consists in scheduling the communication events to spread the information to every node within distance 2 of the source. The study is rather theoretical: we aim at establishing "good" bounds depending on the structure of the network. For instance, we give upper bounds on the number of slots sufficient to complete broadcast, or lower bounds on the number of nodes that can be informed in a limited number of slots. We refine those bounds in various classes of networks characterized by the structure of the underlying graph.We then tackle the Balanced Connected Subgraph problem: given a graph which vertices are colored either red or blue, find the largest connected subgraph containing as many red vertices as blue vertices. Our study focuses on the classification of the problem when restricted to "small" classes of graphs, namely bipartite cubic graphs, graphs of diameter three and bipartite graphs of diameter four. We show that the problem remains NP-complete in each of those classes. In addition, we prove it non-approximable within constant factor in the case of bipartite graphs of maximum degree four.Last, we give a novel approach to fault tolerance for extending lifetime of wireless sensor networks. These networks are used for a variety of applications including surveillance and monitoring. They consist of large amounts of autonomous devices with sensing capabilities deployed to monitor vast areas. Usually, these devices run on limited batteries and communicate wirelessly. Thus, numerous optimization problems have appeared. We study the problem of scheduling sensor activity in order to extend network lifetime. The goal is to ensure that at all time each target is monitored by at least one sensor, and the set of active sensors does relay the information to a specified communication base. We describe a new approach which addresses this problem with a fault-tolerant solution. We then validate our approach by simulation
Aissani, Mohamed. "Optimisation du routage dans les réseaux de capteurs pour les applications temps-réel." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664272.
Full textTchuani, tchakonte Diane. "Minimisation de la consommation d’énergie des réseaux de capteurs dans les applications de couverture de cibles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT043.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of tiny sensor nodes with embedded microcontrollers, low power radios, battery cells and sensors which are used to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and vibration. Today, these networks are used in a wide range of military, health, domestic, urban, industrial and environmental applications. Target coverage applications are those where several points of interest called targets must be continuously monitored by sensor nodes. In most target coverage applications, sensor nodes have a limited amount of energy and it is therefore critical to efficiently manage their energy consumption in order to extend the network lifetime. A common approach to tackle this problem is to alternate the operation of sensor nodes between active and sleep mode. The scheduling of appropriate subsets of sleep/active sensor nodes in order to maximize the network lifetime is an NP-hard problem called Maximum Lifetime Coverage Problem (MLCP). In this thesis, we aim at proposing new heuristics to the MLCP, while considering more realistic assumptions on lifetime and energy consumption of sensor nodes. Firstly, we propose two greedy heuristics with the assumption that the sensor nodes do not necessarily have the same lifetime. The first heuristic is based on an adaptive method while the second uses the idea of blacklist, which allows to optimize the management of least covered targets called critical targets. Secondly, by considering that the energy consumed by sensor nodes put in sleep mode is not negligible, we propose a third greedy heuristic that takes into account the remaining energy of the sensor nodes in the choice of the nodes to activate. Then, we propose a recurring approach for regular networks. We then study a family of hard instances of the MLCP, namely the sub-family of regular networks composed of odd-sized rings. We propose for this subclass, an analytical approach to obtain effective solutions which we conjecture optimality. Finally, we develop a system for air pollution monitoring and fire detection based on a wireless sensor network and we evaluate the network lifetime gain when an algorithm for the MLCP is integrated in such a system
Lampin, Quentin. "Réseaux urbains de capteurs sans-fil : Applications, caractérisation et protocoles." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0001/document.
Full textWireless Sensors are small electronic devices made for measuring physical properties of their environment and communicating them wirelessly to an information system. In this thesis, we study existing network architectures and to devise the best-suited configuration for typical urban wireless Sensor Network use-cases. To that effect, we provide comprehensive analytical models to compare the different families of MAC protocols in terms of Delivery Rate and Energy Consumption, e.g. synchronous vs asynchronous, contention-based vs direct access etc. Headlines results a mathematical framework to devise the least energy-cost contention algorithm for a given Delivery Rate and closed-form expressions of the Energy Consumption and Delivery Rate for popular access control protocols. These results are then synthesised in a comparison study of the two prevailing urban sensors network architectures, i.e. long-range and multihop. We show that long-range sensor networks are best-suited for low-traffic and sparser network topologies while higher traffic loads and denser network topologies demand switching to a multihop network operating a synchronous MAC protocol on higher bitrate radios. Based on the analysis of the architectures best suited for each use-case scenario, i.e. low traffic loads/sparse network and high traffic loads/dense network, we identify suitable optimisations to improve the QoS performance and energy efficiency of said architectures. First, we improve on the energy efficiency of the arbitration of the medium access by defining a cascading tournament contention algorithm. This protocol, CT-MAC, resolves multiple timeslots allocation in a single, energy efficient contention tournament. Second, we propose an adaptive relaying scheme for the long-range network architecture named SARI-MAC. This scheme is an attempt to cope with coverage holes that occurs when using long-range in a dense urban habitat by letting sensor nodes relay communications of nodes whose link budgets are incompatible with the QoS requirements of the network. To that effect, we propose a receiver-initiated MAC protocol that self-adapts to the traffic condition so that the duty-cycle of relayers is kept as low as possible with respect to the load of frames to relay. Finally, we propose an opportunistic relaying scheme named QOR. QOR is a routing protocol that exploits long-range, opportunistic radio links to provide faster and more reliable transmissions. To that effect, QOR proposes a joint routing structure and addressing scheme that allows identifying a limited set of nodes than can become opportunistic relayers between a source sensor and the sink. Those nodes then follow an original cascaded acknowledgement mechanism that brings reliable acknowledgment and ensures a replication-free forwarding of the data frames
Zelgowski, Julien. "Etude et optimisation du procédé de gravure par laser à fibre femtoseconde dédié aux applications industrielles et médicales." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD037/document.
Full textSurgical procedures are moving increasingly toward minimally invasive techniques because these techniques offer great comfort to the patient, a short recovery time and are reasonably-priced. As part of this thesis, it is proposed to study the integration of micrometer-sized sensors directly into needles for example. The PhD student will study the process of laser-matter interaction for new nano and femtosecond sources which should be optimized in order to develop a machining technique of surgical instruments in order to incorporate the sensors. The aim of the thesis is the demonstration of the feasibility of developing the technique of laser etching for the integration of sensors into millimeter-sized needles as well as tests in real conditions. Multiple lasers will be used; The Tangerine laser from ‘Amplitude Systèmes’ with the well know Ti:Sa laser. His work there will be to upgrade the laser up to its best capacity both in terms of fluence or accuracy and in terms of software and its ease of use. The ablation of the silicon from the rear of the electronic chip to the edge of the photodetector in order to carry the light and energy supply all 3D Hall effects micro-magnetors will be the main purpose of the PhD student. He will highlight differences between two femtosecond laser as thermally affected area or ablation rate and will choose which one is able to achieve our goal
Aouabdia, Nabila. "Etude d'un capteur à base de résonateur planaire pour applications au contrôle non destructif." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066137.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the study of a sensor based on a rectangular planar resonator (RPR) for applications to Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE). In this context, two approaches were defined. First one, conception, modeling, simulation and realization have been made on rectangular structures with an anisotropic substrate and an isotropic superstrate. An analytic model was developed by using the Moments Method (MoM) and validated with two electromagnetic commercial softwares (HFSS and CST). The second approach of this work was focused on the characterization of biological materials with the RPR prototypes used as an applicator for Non-destructive Evaluation in the medical domain. Our center of interest was oriented towards the measurements of dielectric properties of biological tissues replacing the superstrate in order to extract their complex permittivity. Measurements were made in the Laboratoire d'Électronique et Électromagnétisme (L2E) on several samples (liver, fat, chicken, butter, foie gras, etc…). Measurements associated with electromagnetic simulations have enabled to obtain microwave dielectric parameters of these materials
Aoudia, Hania. "Approches de routage adaptatif pour l'optimisation de la consommation énergétique dans les applications type RCSF." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080077/document.
Full textManaging energy consumption is an unavoidable issue for a WSN design and implementation. Focusing lonely on a hardware solution to ensure an efficient of a running network while increasing its lifetime remains insufficient. It is therefore necessary to turn towards other software solutions that enable a better control of information processing from its source until its final destination by taking into account intrinsic characteristics of sensors, such as low storage and computing capabilities and associated energy constraints. A partial response to these needs requires the development of IT tools and protocolar strategies in low-power modes by implementing mechanisms based on information routing techniques. In this thesis, we propose and develop two hierarchized protocolar solutions HHRP and HRP-DCM. The first one implements an adaptive routing mechanism based on a nonlinear energy model and a concept of communication Son-Parent for a best paths selection by taking into account a set of critical parameters such as distance source-target, signal strength and energy consumption. However, the vicinity recognition phase requires the use of RSSI radio signals to estimate distances between sensor nodes. This can be considered as a major drawback since it may cause damage on routing performances and estimation error on RSSI measurements. These latters can be used for locating nodes only after a while since the stability of RSSI signal is guaranteed only belatedly Thus, the allocated time for recognition phase becomes significant, speeding up thereby energy consumption and thus reduces the lifetime of the network. In this context, we propose an alternative that bypasses the use of RSSI power signal in different levels of HHRP mechanism by implementing a hybrid routing approach based on a dynamic clustering mechanism HRP-DCM. This solution allows improvements in recognition and in paths optimization phases, both. It uses the concept of temporal distances calculation during network deployment. Thus, allocated time for network initialization is shortened mitigating in fact energy consumption and resources exploitation. Performance evaluation shows that HRP-DCM optimizes better network whatever its density compared to other solutions such as HHRP, TEEN and LEACH routing protocols
Diop, El hadji Serigne Mamour. "Optimisation de la transmission d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs pour des applications critiques de surveillance." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3011/document.
Full textRecent advances of inexpensive and low-power CMOS cameras and MEMS mi- crophones have led to the emergence of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSNs promise a wide spectrum of potential applications which require to ubiquitously capture multimedia content (visual and audio information). To support the transmission of multimedia content in a resource constrained environment, WMSNs may require a certain level of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, bandwidth, jitter, reliability, quality level etc. In this thesis, we consider Wireless Image Sensor Networks (WISNs) where sensor nodes equipped with miniaturized visual cameras to provide accurate information in various geographical parts of an area of interest can be thrown in mass for mission-critical applications such as intrusion detection or search & rescue. An innovative and important aspect of this thesis is to take into account the criticality of applications. The network adopts an adaptive scheduling of image sensor node’s activity based on the application criticality level, where each node computes its cover-sets. So, event detection triggers the simulataneous transmission of a large volume of visual data from multiples sources to the Sink. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize this simultaneous transmission of images that can degrade network performance. With this goal in mind, we first proposed a multi-criteria approach to select the suitable cover-sets to be activated for reliable transmission of images in mission-critical applications. The proposed approach takes into account various parameters that affect the image quality at the Sink in a multi-hop transmission network and guarantees a compromise between autonomy and criticality. A modified version of GPSR routing protocol supporting the transmission of multimedia streams ensures the transfer of images from selected sources to the Sink. The second contribution consists in an optimized selection strategy based on 2-hop neighborhood information to determine the most relevant cover-sets to be activated to increase reliability for image transmission. This selection approach prioritizes the application’s criticality. A multipath extension of GPSR, called T-GPSR, wherein routing decisions are based 2-hop neighborhood information is also proposed. A performance study of the sink mobility on proposals based on 2-hop information is our third contribution
Mallick, Germain. "Capteur intelligent de mesure de l'humidité par micro-ondes en contrôle continu de procédés industriels." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10416.
Full textThe fast and reliable measurement of moisture in materials is an important and daily concern in the industrial field. The aim of this study was the realization of a sensor for continuous measurement with microwave technology
Saleh, Mohammad. "Secure communications in wireless networks for biomedical EEG sensor networks applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA024/document.
Full textThe general framework of the thesis concerns sensor networks and the privacy protocols for wireless communications in the implementation of reliable healthcare systems. More precisely, it presents a novel biomedical wireless sensor Network monitoring system, as a predictor and advance sensitive portable electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG wireless sensor network proposed to monitor spontaneous brain waves, including normal and abnormal waves, for the patients suffering from different types of epilepsy. The biomedical epilepsy wireless sensor Network monitoring system (WSN-EEG) read’s signals from a wireless sensor network on the patient scalp, and filter these signals to run parallel data processing for the brain waves. However, the predicting procedure for the severity of the forthcoming epileptic attack based on, a proposed mathematical model, which analyses the abnormality in the brain waves and alerts by giving signals for the patient. This method can save many patients by predicting the seizure before it occurs and helps them from different injuries and risky behavior arising during epilepsy attack. In addition, the proposed approaches can use the patient data for further medical diagnosis measures. Another approach is proposed as a learning-based approach for prediction using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) for the alert system. The research used the IEEE802.11n as a communication method for the wireless sensor networks and measure the IEEE802.11n security performances as privacy protocol for data transmission of the proposed systems. The measurements indicated the calibration of the prediction algorithms to take account of the delays introduced by the security of the communications in the data transmission and seizure prediction which might significantly reduce prediction time and delay the alert signals
Imbrosciano, Sébastien. "Flots et chemins contraints : applications aux réseaux de télécommunications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4001/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some optimization problem applied to telecommunication networks. We study fiber optical networks and sensor networks. We are interested to analysis and design for these types of networks. The issues studied are: for fiber optic networks, minimize the cost of deployement and ensure quality of service; for sensors network, ensure the safety of transmissions and the energy consumed. To solve these problems we use techniques as graphs theory, complexity, linearprogramming, generalized flows and paths with resource constraints. The first problem is to minimize the cost to deploy a fiber optical network which connect a set of customers to a connection node through a set of splitter and deal about technological constraints imposed by the standard. We propose a model and a method of resolution for this problem. The second problem is a flow problem with delay constraint where time to cross a edge is proportional to the amount of flow that flows thereon. We offer a proof of NP-completeness in the general case, an approximation algorithm factor 2 in the case where the support graph is a path and an estimated experimentally an heuristic that calculates good solutions for instances of real sizes. Finally, we propose two protocols for sensor networks, which resulted in two patents. The first, based on a distributed algorithm, calculates a set of disjoint paths between terminals. The second maximizing the lifetime of sensors powered by batteries. The results of numerical experiments are also presented
Ehsan, Muhammad. "Couche MAC adaptative pour les applications critiques de surveillance à base d’un réseau de capteurs d’image." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3005/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed for the purpose of completing different monitoring tasks under various environmental conditions. The small electronic devices called sensors are capable of sensing, processing and communicating the environmental data through multi-hop communication and coordination. These devices have limited resources (memory, computing capabilities) and usually run on batteries. This is the reason the research on wireless sensor networks have been focused on energy efficiency and self-organization of the network. We consider mission-critical surveillance applications in our research work. These applications can have different requirements than traditional WSNs. In addition, we use image sensor nodes, whose activity is defined based on criticality of the application. The criticality-based scheduling scheme defines sentry nodes with faster capture rates, to have higher probability to detect intrusions and to alert neighbor nodes. At Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer level, duty cycled approaches are used to preserve energy and prolong the network lifetime. However, while conserving energy, mission-critical surveillance applications cannot compromise on quality of surveillance and the network should still be able to quickly propagate the alert messages. In this thesis, we propose a low latency, energy efficient adaptive MAC protocol. We first propose an original approach to dynamically determine the duty-cycle length of sensor nodes to increase the probability of quick propagation of alerts. Simulation results confirmed that our approach succeeds in improving the system responsiveness when compared to a static duty-cycling approach. At the same time, our proposition considerably reduces the energy consumption of the network. Then, we implemented our approach on sensor node hardware and results were found to be very close to our simulation results
Bouchez, Jean-Luc. "Capteur d'effort triaxial intelligent à transmission optique : Application à la préhension et au prépositionnement." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10007.
Full textRousseau, David. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement de l'information dans les processus physiques non linéaires : résonance stochastique et rôle bénéfique du bruit." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0024.
Full textNonlinear physical processes exhibit much richer dynamics than linear processes; some of their specific behaviors are of interest for information processing. We focus on one of these typically nonlinear behavior: stochastic resonance, which manifest the possibility to enhance the transmission or the processing of a useful signal by certain nonlinear systems by means of an increase of the noise in the system. Present developments about stochastic resonance can be organized in three main axes: the pursue of fundamental analysis, the study of stochastic resonance in natural neurons and the search for technological competitive applications of stochastic resonance. In this work, we propose our contribution to these three main axes of development of stochastic resonance. Within this perspective, we examine different signal processing problematics (transmission, detection and estimation) in different nonlinear physical processes. We study the influence of noise on the performance of information processing involving different nonlinear systems like nonlinear sensors with saturations, arrays of nonlinear devices or bistable dynamic systems. We consider different signal--noise mixtures: linear or nonlinear (with the specific case of phase noises)
Pasha, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed. "Synthèse de haut-niveau de contrôleurs ultra-faible consommation pour des réseaux de capteurs : un flot de conception complet." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553143.
Full textErdelj, Milan. "Mobile wireless sensor network architecture : applications to mobile sensor deployment." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914987.
Full textVerrascina, Nicola. "Design of ULP circuits for Harvesting applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0115/document.
Full textIn the modern devices Ultra-low power consumption is thesurvival key for the energy-harvested sensor node. The reduction of thepower budget can be achieved by mixing different low–power techniquesat three levels of abstraction: transistor level, circuit level and systemlevel. This thesis deals with the analysis and the design of Ultra-LowPower (ULP) circuits suitable for Energy-Harvesting Wireless SensorNetworks (EHWSN). In particular, voltage regulator and RF transmissioncircuits are examined. The former is the main block in powermanagement unit; it interfaces the transducer circuit with the rest of thesensor node. The latter is the most energy hungry block and thusdecreasing its power consumption can drastically increases the sensoron-time
Benzerbadj, Ali. "Approche inter-couches pour l'économie d'énergie et la fiabilité dans les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil dédiés aux Applications Critiques de Surveillance." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0034/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a special class of Ad hoc networks, which are under intensive research.They are considered as a very powerful tool to connect the physical and the digital worlds. They consist of a largenumber of sensor nodes that are characterized with limited resources in terms of energy, range of sensing and communication, processing speed and storage capacity.They are deployed in an indoor or outdoor environment in many application domains such as army, environment, health, home and agriculture. The scarcity of sensor node resources and the unreliability of wireless links drive most of the research issues in the field of WSNs, namely energy, coverage, connectivity, routing, fault tolerance and security. The aim of this thesis is to propose an energyefficient and reliable cross-layer surveillance protocol for sensitive fenced areas, such as oil or nuclear sites, using duty-cycled WSNs with asymmetrical links due to the radio irregularity phenomenon. Initially, the proposed protocol identifies the boundary nodes of the deployedWSN, to be used as sentinel nodes, i.e., nodes that are always in an active state. The remaining nodes are usedas duty-cycled relay nodes during the routing phase to relay alerts towards the sink. The boundary nodes identification process and alert routing are both performed using an enhanced version of the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol, referred to as GPSR over Symmetrical Links (GPSR-SL) and which relies on a Non Unit Disk Graph (N-UDG). The proposed cross-layer surveillance protocol has been implemented and its performance has been evaluated under the OMNeT++/Castalia simulation environment. Performance results show that this protocol achieves higher Packet Delivery Ratio by up to 3.63%, energy .efficiency and satisfactory latency when compared to the same protocol based on the original GPSR
Teles, Hermeto Rodrigo. "Standard improvements and predictable performance for industrial Internet of things in indoor deployments." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Teles-Hermeto_Rodrigo_2019_ED269.pdf.
Full textIndustrial networks are typically used to monitor safety-related processes, where high reliability and an upper-bounded delay must be ensured. To attend these requirements, IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard was published in 2016, defining the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode. TSCH allows the scheduling of transmissions, such that each device has enough opportunities for communicating while avoiding collisions. In addition, slow-channel hopping mechanism allows the nodes to combat the effect of external interference. Although TSCH increases the reliability, packet losses keep on occurring due to variations on the radioconditions, very common in indoor environments. The goal of this work is to improve the reliability of low-power wireless networks in indoor scenarios, where obstacles and external interference are the rule. We focus mostly on experimental research to identify the limits and in which circumstances these networks fail at providing a predictable performance
Marcireau, Alexandre. "Vision par ordinateur évènementielle couleur : cadriciel, prototype et applications." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS248.
Full textNeuromorphic engineering is a bio-inspired approach to sensors and computers design. It aims to mimic biological systems down to the transistor level, to match their unparalleled robustness and power efficiency. In this context, event-based vision sensors have been developed. Unlike conventional cameras, they feature independent pixels which asynchronously generate an output upon detecting changes in their field of view, with high temporal precision. These properties are not leveraged by conventional computer vision algorithms, thus a new paradigm has been devised. It advocates short calculations performed on each event to mimic the brain, and shows promise both for computer vision and as a model of biological vision. This thesis explores event-based computer vision to improve our understanding of visual perception and identify potential applications. We approach the issue through color, a mostly unexplored aspect of event-based sensors. We introduce a framework supporting color events, as well as two experimental devices leveraging it: a three-chip event-based camera performing absolute color measurements, and a visual psychophysics setup to study the role of precise-timing in the brain. We explore the possibility to apply the color sensor to the genetic engineering Brainbow method, and present a new mathematical model for the latter
Maréchal, Baptiste. "Microsystèmes inertiels vibrants pour applications spatiales : apport des fonctions numériques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT265/document.
Full textOnera has been developing vibrating inertial MEMS sensors with performances good enough for space uses. Associated conventional analog electronics are not limiting the physical performances of the sensors. They are, however, bulky, not reconfigurable, and do not deliver digital measurements to the on-board computer. Furthermore, when used for space applications, they have to cope with dependency and obsolescence requiring a new qualification when any part is changed.This thesis offers a new digital generic architecture with as few analog parts as possible. Work has been focused on two sensors developed by Onera: the VIA, a vibrating beam accelerometer, and the VIG, a Coriolis vibrating gyro, but can address other sensors. A first digital function identified is event timestamping for frequency and phase measurements; a second key function is the direct digital synthesis of the oscillating sensors driving signal; the third one generates pure sine signals from binary sequences output from the digital platform. These function are implemented as peripherals of an embedded processor on a FPGA.This dissertation firstly reminds physical laws and technologies of inertial measurements, followed by a quick review of oscillators, analog and digital, in order to introduce the chosen digital architecture. A following chapter studies the theory of the digital functions considered and identifies their performances. Afterwards, realisations and first experimental results are exposed, at a function level first, at a global level then, with the sensor and the embedded software to provide real inertial readings. The results gathered boost the idea of deploying digital electronics in future sensor releases
Guzzo, Natale. "Facing the real challenges in wireless sensor network-based applications : an adaptative cross-layer self-organization WSN protocol." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10190.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the protagonists contributing to the evolution and the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Several use cases can be found today in the different fields of the modern technology including the container shipping industry where containerized cargo accounts for about 60 percent of all world seaborne trade. In this context, TRAXENS developed a battery-powered device named TRAX-BOX designed to be attached to the freight containers in order to track and monitor the shipping goods along the whole supply chain. In this thesis, we present a new energy-efficient self-organizing WSN protocol stack named TRAX-NET designed to allow the TRAX-BOX devices to cooperate to deliver the sensed data to the TRAXENS platform.The results of simulations and field tests show that TRAX-NET well perform in the different scenarios in which it is supposed to operate and better fulfil the requirements of the assumed application in comparison with the existing schemes
Lauzier, Matthieu. "Conception et validation de plateformes de communication autour du corps humain, à l'échelle de l'individu et du groupe." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0027/document.
Full textThe technological evolutions which have taken place for the last decades allowed the emergence of new application fields, such as the wireless monitoring of physiological parameters collected on the human body, with the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs, or BANs). Mostly dedicated to the medical domain and the improvement of the patients' comfort and safety, this kind of platforms more recently extended to other kinds of activities, such as sports and leisures. According to the applicative context, the hypotheses and constraints associated to these networks can vary drastically, yielding the necessity of developing adapted communication mechanisms. The works presented in this thesis have focused on the realization of data collection platforms for mobile sports applications. In a first part, we concentrate on the individual data collection, for which we give a proof of concept in the context of a Marathon race, before aiming at a better understanding of individual channel models and cooperative mechanisms for on-body data centralization. In a second part, we are interested in dense and mobile networks consisting in an important number of coexisting BANs. Our aim is to propose distributed algorithms based on consensus to allow dynamic group detection, with a variable scale. The validation of the approaches developed in this document is performed by practical implementations and experiments at each step of this work, thanks to an important amount of real world collected data. Through extended analyzes, we provide elements allowing to characterize the communication within mobile BANs, and particularly large scale networks. Although guided by the strong applicative context of live TV broadcast, these works and analysis methods don't lose in generality, and this challenging and original context opens a lot of perspectives
Rault, Tifenn. "Energy-efficiency in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2228/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose new strategies for energy conservation in wireless sensor networks, so that the operational time of these networks can be extended. The work can be divided into two main focus area, namely general wireless sensor networks, and healthcareoriented wearable sensor networks. In the first part of this thesis we provide a comprehensive survey of the existing energy-efficient mechanisms. Then, we propose two new solutions: the first one optimizes the displacement of a mobile base station as well as buffer usage and data routing at sensor nodes; the second one optimizes the deployment of wireless chargers in the network to satisfy the energy demand of the sensors. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to healthcare application where wearable sensors are used to remotely supervise a patient. We begin with a state-of-the-art of the energy-efficient techniques existing in the literature. We then introduce a new energy-efficient architecture that allows to optimize the lifetime of both the sensor and the base station. This is a context-aware solution that takes into consideration heterogeneous devices. Our results show that the lifetime of the sensor networks can be extended using the proposed strategies. All the results obtained are supported by numerical experiments and extensive simulations
Kadura, Lina. "Études de nouvelles architectures de composants intégrés sensibles à la lumière en filière FDSOI pour les applications de type imageur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT031.
Full textA new type of light sensor called FDPix, composed of one transistor (1T) per pixel is investigated. It consists in co-integrating an FDSOI (Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator) transistor with a photodiode to enable light sensing through optical back biasing. The absorption of photons and resulting photogenerated charges in the diode will result in a Light Induced VT Shift (LIVS). The LIVS is due to a capacitive coupling between the front and back gate of the FDSOI transistor and represents the key performance metric to be extracted and optimized. In this work, the device behavior in dc and transient domains was thoroughly investigated and modeled. Although not limited to this node, all the devices tested were fabricated using 28nm node FDSOI technology. By means of TCAD simulations and opto-electrical characterization, the device parameters such as Body Factor (BF) and junction profile were optimized to improve its performance. It was found that the FDPix is in fact a dual response sensor. It exhibits a linear response at low light intensity which results in high sensitivity, and a logarithmic response at higher intensities that ensures a high dynamic range (DR) of more than 120dB. The dedicated developed model is implemented in SPICE environment for circuit design. New pixel circuit in analog and digital domain, based on the FDPix were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results obtained and presented in this work, shows the potential of using the FDPix sensor for smart, highly embedded, low power image sensors for More-than-Moore applications
Yazbek, Abdul Karim. "Les codes à métrique de rang et leurs applications dans les réseaux Smart Grid." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0091/document.
Full textThis thesis considers the context of transmissions on CPL-BE networks and low-capacity sensor networks. The state of the art on information protection intransmission by sensor networks refers to the use of distributed coding, where therelays implement parity operations (mixing of streams) on data transmitted by thesensors. However, due to the varying nature of the quality of the wireless links, it is difficult to control the quality of the equivalent encoder constructed and to maintain its performance over time. Therefore, in this thesis, we have focused on the search for different coding schemes that are better resist the variation in the quality of the links across the network. Our choice was based on the sub-space coding inspired by Gabidulin's work. The goal is to form a code that uses a simple and resistant metric to secure transmission across the network. Rank metric codes respond well to this need because it only has to control the rank of the matrix obtained in reception to verify the integrity of the transmission. The rank metric codes and their decoding algorithm were studied in a first step. Then, the performance of the proposed LRPC code concatenated with the convolutional codes is tested in transmission schemes of different contexts
Rivera, Martinez Rodrigo Andres. "Validation and deployment of greenhouse gas sensors (CH4) for the characterization of industrial and urban sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ020.
Full textThis PhD aims at reconstructing atmospheric CH4 concentrations from voltage signals recorded by low-cost Metal Oxide Sensors (MOS) for the purpose of monitoring CH4 leaks from an industrial facility. Our strategy is based on the collocation of measurements by low-cost sensors and expensive very high accuracy instruments. The CH4 concentrations data from the high accuracy reference instrument are then used as a target variable to be reconstructed using MOS voltage and other predictors. The reconstruction is performed with both machine learning models and parametric models. It is applied to increasingly complex problems, including the reconstruction of: 1) smooth variations of ambient room air CH4 in a laboratory, 2) fast and large variations of CH4 during concentration spikes generated on a test bench in a laboratory with a typical signature similar to that observed for real world leaks, and 3) fast and large variations of CH4 observed in the field during a dedicated controlled release experiment. The first laboratory experiments revealed a high influence of H2O in MOS sensors, and the reconstruction with a Multilayer perceptron model showed good agreement between the references and the reconstructed room air concentrations (Chapter 2). The results of the second experiment (Chapter 3) showed the importance of the selection of the sensor's type in order to produce reconstructions of CH4 concentration with a 1 ppm accuracy (RMSE). We also discovered that the TGS 2611-C00 sensors provided a more accurate reconstruction of CH4 spikes than the TGS 2611-E00 ones. A parsimonious model training strategy allowed us to restrict the training set from 70% to 25% of the data without a degradation in the reconstruction of the CH4 spikes. Emission of controlled releases from reconstructed CH4 concentrations measured by MOS sensors and the inversion of a Gaussian atmospheric model (Chapter 4) were similar to those inverted from high accuracy reference data, with an average emission rate estimation error of 25% over 11 controlled releases and a location error of 9.5 m. The results of this PhD are the basis to explore advanced techniques based on machine learning to produce accurate estimates of CH4 concentrations, and study the information required by inversion modelling that produced best estimates of the emission rate and location of CH4 leaks
Hanaf, Anas. "Algorithmes distribués de consensus de moyenne et leurs applications dans la détection des trous de couverture dans un réseau de capteurs." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS018/document.
Full textDistributed consensus algorithms are iterative algorithms of low complexity where neighboring sensors interact with each other to reach an agreement without coordinating unit. As the nodes in a wireless sensor network have limited computing power and limited battery, these distributed algorithms must reach a consensus in a short time and with little message exchange. The first part of this thesis is based on the study and comparison of different consensus algorithms synchronously and asynchronously in terms of convergence speed and communication rates. The second part of our work concerns the application of these consensus algorithms to the problem of detecting coverage holes in wireless sensor networks.This coverage problem also provides the context for the continuation of our work. This problem is described as how a region of interest is monitored by sensors. Different geometrical approaches have been proposed but are limited by the need to know exactly the position of the sensors; but this information may not be available if the locating devices such as GPS are not on the sensors. From the mathematical tool called algebraic topology, we have developed a distributed algorithm of coverage hole detection searching a harmonic function of a network, that is to say canceling the operator of the 1-dimensional Laplacian. This harmonic function is connected to the homology group H1 which identifies the coverage holes. Once a harmonic function obtained, detection of the holes is realized by a simple random walk in the network
Qiu, Wentao. "Study of photonic crystals on thin film lithium niobate for sensing applications - design, fabrication and characterization." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2060/document.
Full textLight is incredibly versatile for measuring all kinds of physical quantities :temperature, electric field (E-field), displacement and strain etc. Photonic sensors are promising candidates for the new generation of sensors developments due to their virtues of high sensitivity, large dynamic range and compact size etc. Integrated and on-fiber end photonic sensors on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) exploring the electro-optic (EO) and pyro-electric effects are studied in this thesis in order to design E-field sensors and temperature sensors (T-sensors). These studies aim to develop sensors with high sensitivity and compact size. To achieve that aim, sensors that are made of photonic crystals (PhC) cavities are studied by sensing the measurand through the resonance wavelength interrogation method. In integrated sensor studies, intensive numerical calculations by PWE method, mode solving technique and FDTD methods are carried out for the design of high light confinement waveguiding structures on TFLN and suitable PhC configurations. Four types of waveguide (WG) structures (ridge WG, strip loaded WG, slot WG and double slot WG) are studied with a large range of geometrical parameters. Among them, slot WG yields the highest confinement factor while strip loaded WG is an easier option for realizations. Bragg grating is designed in slot WG with an ultra compact size (about 0.5µm×0.7µm ×6µm) and is employed to design PhC cavity. A moderate resonance Q of about 300 in F-P like cavity where the mirrors are made of PhC is achieved with ER of about 70% of the transmission. Theoretical minimum E-field sensitivity of this slot Bragg grating structure can be as low as 200 µV/m. On the other hand, Si3N4 strip loaded WG is designed with 2D PhC structure and a low resonance Q of about 100 is achieved. Fabrications of nano-metrical WG such as ridge WG Si3N4 strip loaded are demonstrated. However, the realization of nanometric components on LN presents a big challenge.In the on-fiber end sensor studies, guided resonance, oftentimes referred to as Fano resonance due to its asymmetric lineshape, is studied with different PhC lattice types. A Suzuki phase lattice (SPL) PhC presenting a Fano resonance at the vicinity of 1500 nm has been studied and demonstrated as temperature sensor with sensitivity of 0.77 nm/oC with a size of only 25 µm × 24 µm. In addition, guided resonances on rectangular lattice PhC have been systematically studied through band diagram calculations, 2D-FDTD and 3D- FDTD simulations
Vallet, Pascal. "Random matrices and applications to statistical signal processing." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1055/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider the problem of source localization in large sensor networks, when the number of antennas of the network and the number of samples of the observed signal are large and of the same order of magnitude. We also consider the case where the source signals are deterministic, and we develop an improved algorithm for source localization, based on the MUSIC method. For this, we fist show new results concerning the position of the eigen values of large information plus noise complex gaussian random matrices
Mahfoudh, Saoucene. "Energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks : routing, node activity scheduling and cross-layering." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757251.
Full textMahfoudh, Saoucene. "Energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks : routing, node activity scheduling and cross-layering." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066071.
Full textDemigha, Oualid. "Energy Conservation for Collaborative Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0058/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks is an emerging technology enabled by the recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, that led to design tiny wireless sensor nodes characterized by small capacities of sensing, data processing and communication. To accomplish complex tasks such as target tracking, data collection and zone surveillance, these nodes need to collaborate between each others to overcome the lack of battery capacity. Since the development of the batteries hardware is very slow, the optimization effort should be inevitably focused on the software layers of the protocol stack of the nodes and their operating systems. In this thesis, we investigated the energy problem in the context of collaborative applications and proposed an approach based on node selection using predictions and data correlations, to meet the application requirements in terms of energy-efficiency and quality of data. First, we surveyed almost all the recent approaches proposed in the literature that treat the problem of energy-efficiency of prediction-based target tracking schemes, in order to extract the relevant recommendations. Next, we proposed a dynamic clustering protocol based on an enhanced version of the Distributed Kalman Filter used as a prediction algorithm, to design an energy-efficient target tracking scheme. Our proposed scheme use these predictions to anticipate the actions of the nodes and their roles to minimize their number in the tasks. Based on our findings issued from the simulation data, we generalized our approach to any data collection scheme that uses a geographic-based clustering algorithm. We formulated the problem of energy minimization under data precision constraints using a binary integer linear program to find its exact solution in the general context. We validated the model and proved some of its fundamental properties. Finally and given the complexity of the problem, we proposed and evaluated a heuristic solution consisting of a correlation-based adaptive clustering algorithm for data collection. We showed that, by relaxing some constraints of the problem, our heuristic solution achieves an acceptable level of energy-efficiency while preserving the quality of data
Chen, Yu-Yin. "Piezoelectric power transducers and its interfacing circuitry on energy harvesting and structural damping applications." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847336.
Full textBaouche, Mohamed Chakib. "Une solution tolérante aux délais pour des applications de localisation et de traçabilité a posteriori en milieux confinés." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857206.
Full textMovahedi, Zahra. "A business process approach for application development in wireless sensor and actuator networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLL002.
Full textWireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) is an emergent technology for various application areas such as security and surveillance applications, traffic control, energy control, etc. Designing and developing applications using these technologies remain, however, a challenging task. Indeed, finding the relevant sensors and actuators, and combining them in a proper way in order to achieve a specific goal is not an easy task and requires several skills detained by different stakeholders. Moreover, sensor/actuator environments are inherently highly dynamic. Furthermore, current applications are in general tightly coupled to the underlying infrastructure which hampers their reuse and flexibility to changes.In this thesis, we present a process-oriented and service-based approach for supporting the development of adaptive WSAN applications. Our approach decouples between the application logic and its implementation. A design-time model is first specified, as a flow of activities, which is then deployed in a particular environment. Decoupling the application logic from its implementation enables on one hand to foster the reuse at the application level and on the other hand to adapt the same application to different environments and situations. To assist designers in specifying new WSAN applications, we propose two methods: 1)activity and orchestration reuse through data flows, and 2)activity recommendation through control flows. Moreover, the same recommendation technique enables providing fault-tolerant mechanism enabling a WSAN application to adapt to changes due to sensor failures or constraints violation. Our approach has been validated by realistic use cases that have been implemented in the context of the European project VITRO platform and the Zodianet platform