Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de capteurs sans fil mobile'
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Messai, Sarra. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1183.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly invading our lives. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), WSNs are used in applications that require observation of the physical world and data collection. However, many obstacles inherent to the specificities of WSNs must be overcome before reaching the maturity of this technology. Among these obstacles, the resource limitations such as energy, computing capability, bandwidth and storage capability of sensor nodes. In this thesis, we focus on mobility management as a solution to improve network performance in terms of energy consumption and optimization of data collection. A mobile wireless sensor network is a network in which at least the base station is mobile.We first looked at the case where only the base station is mobile. In this context, we proposed a network organization that leverages base station mobility to optimize data collection while reducing the dissipated energy by sensor nodes. The proposed organization is based on a grid architecture and an optimized base station mobility algorithm for collecting data. We implemented our solution in the NS-2 simulation environment. The obtained simulation results show clearly the improvement of our proposal compared to other existing approaches. Then we looked at the case where the mobility is total, in other words, each sensor node in the network can be mobile. In this case, we worked on the issue of key management to ensure the security of data collection. In this context, we proposed a new key management scheme based on the random key pre-distribution. Our solution has the particularity of ensuring the self-healing of the network where sensor nodes are compromised. We evaluated and implemented our solution and compared it with two other reference schemes to show its effectiveness
Roth, Damien. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793315.
Full textBoulanouar, Ibtissem. "Algorithmes de suivi de cible mobile pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1077/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a set of tiny autonomous and interconnected devices. These Sensors are scattered in a region of interest to collect information about the surrounding environment depending on the intended application. Nowadays, sensors allow handling more complex data such as multimedia flow. Thus, we observe the emergence of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks opening a wider range of applications. In this work, we focus on tracking moving target in these kinds of networks. Target tracking is defined as a two-stage application: detection and localization of the target through its evolution inside an area of interest. This application can be very useful. For example, the presence of an intruder can be detected and its position inside a sensitive area reported, elderly or sick persons carrying sensors can be tracked anytime and so on. Unlike classical monitoring systems, WSN are more flexible and more easy to set up. Moreover, due to their versatility and autonomy they can be used in hostile regions, inaccessible for human. However, these kinds of networks have some limitations: wireless links are not reliable and data processing and transmission are greedy processes in term of energy. To overcome the energy constraint, only the sensors located in target pathway should be activated. Thus, the question is : how to select these sensors to obtain the best compromise between the tracking precision and the energy consumption? This is the question we are trying to answer in this dissertation. Firstly, we focus on communicating targets which have the ability to transmit signals and greatly facilitate the tracking process. The challenge here is to relay the information between the concerned sensors. In order to deal with this challenge, we use a deployment strategy based on virtual forces (VFA: Virtual Forces Algorithm) associated to a distributed tracking algorithm implemented in a cluster-based network. Secondly, we handle a more complex and more frequent case of non-communicating targets. The objective is to detect the presence of such target using movement sensors. We propose the deployment of an heterogeneous wireless sensor networks composed of movement sensors used to detect the target and camera sensors used to locate it. When the target is detected the information is sent to the camera sensors which decide whether to activate or not their cameras based on probabilistic criteria which include the camera orientation angle. Finally, as our last contribution, we specifically focus on target mobility models. These models help us to predict target behaviour and refine the sensor activation process. We use the Extended Kalamn filter as prediction model combined with a change detection mechanism named CuSum (Cumulative Summuray). This mechanism allows to efficiently compute the future target coordinates, and to select which sensors to activate
Abo, Robert. "Approches formelles pour l'analyse de la performabilité des systèmes communicants mobiles : Applications aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0822.
Full textWe are interested in analyzing the performability requirements of mobile communication systems by using model checking techniques. We model these systems using a high-level formalism derived from the π-calculus, for considering stochastic, timed, deterministic or indeterministic behaviors. However, in the π-calculus, the basic communication primitive of systems is the synchronous point-to-point communication. However, mobile systems that use wireless networks, mostly communicate by local broadcast. Therefore, we first define the broadcast communication into the π-calculus, to better model the systems we study. We propose to use probabilistic and stochastic versions of the algebra we have defined to allow performance studies. We define a temporal version to consider time in the models. But the lack of tools for analyzing properties of models specified with π-calculus is a major obstacle to our work and its objectives. The definition of translation rules into the PRISM language allows us to translate our models in low-level models which can support model checking, namely discrete time, or continuous time Markov chains, timed automata, or probabilistic timed automata. We chose the PRISM model checker because, in our best knowledge, in its latest version, it is the only tool that supports the low-level formalisms that we have previously cited, and thus, makes it possible to realize complete performability studies. This approach allows us to overcome the lack of model checkers for our models. Subsequently, we apply these theoretical concepts to analyse performability of mobile wireless sensor networks
Abo, Robert. "Approches formelles pour l'analyse de la performabilité des systèmes communicants mobiles : Applications aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816392.
Full textSow, Idrissa. "Partitionnement et Geocasting dans les Réseaux Mobiles Ad hoc et Collecte des Données dans les Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440004.
Full textFotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
Castañeda, Nadir. "Géo-localisation et poursuite dans un réseau mobile." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004202.
Full textFotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
Ouattara, Yacouba. "Gestion de l'énergie et de la connectivité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil statiques et mobiles." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2046/document.
Full textA number of works based on wireless sensor networks are interested in the energy management of these sensors. This energy is in fact a critical factor in the operation of these networks. Proper construction of sensor clusters is a great way to minimize the consumption of this energy. The problems related to these networks and often lies in their lifetime but also in the need to maintain connectivity between all transducers. These two aspects are closely linked. In this thesis, we focused on these two aspects in the context of static sensor networks but also of mobile sensors.We propose, as a _rst step, a hybrid algorithm for setting up clusters and the management of theseclusters. The uniqueness of this solution lies in the establishment of geographic areas for designation fcluster heads but also in transmission, in the exchanged messages, the amount of remaining energy on the sensors. Thus, the sensor data will designate the cluster heads and their successors will determine the thresholds for other sensors and for their operation. The algorithm is tested through many simulations. The second part of the work is to adapt our _rst algorithm for mobile sensor networks. We a_ect the trajectory of sensors to maintain connectivity and reduce energy consumption. For this, we are guided echo-location practiced by bats. We're interested in changing and dynamic topology in sensor networks. We analyzed the loss of energy as a function of the distance and the power transmission between the nodes and the head cluster. We also evaluate our algorithm on sensors that have a random move. We apply these algorithms to a _eet of surveillance drones simulation
Ma, Xiaoyan. "Data collection of mobile sensor networks by drones." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19492/1/MA_Xiaoyan.pdf.
Full textMedjiah, Samir. "Optimisation des protocoles de routage dans les réseaux multi-sauts sans fil à contraintes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14663/document.
Full textGreat research efforts have been carried out in the field of challenged multihop wireless networks (MWNs). Thanks to the evolution of the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and nanotechnologies, multihop wireless networks have been the solution of choice for a plethora of problems. The main advantage of these networks is their low manufacturing cost that permits one-time application lifecycle. However, if nodes are low-costly to produce, they are also less capable in terms of radio range, bandwidth, processing power, memory, energy, etc. Thus, applications need to be carefully designed and especially the routing task because radio communication is the most energy-consuming functionality and energy is the main issue for challenged multihop wireless networks.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the different challenges that govern the design of challenged multihop wireless networks such as applications challenges in terms of quality of service (QoS), fault-tolerance, data delivery model, etc., but also networking challenges in terms of dynamic network topology, topology voids, etc. Our contributions in this thesis focus on the optimization of routing under different application requirements and network constraints. First, we propose an online multipath routing protocol for QoS-based applications using wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed protocol relies on the construction of multiple paths while transmitting data packets to their destination, i.e. without prior topology discovery and path establishment. This protocol achieves parallel transmissions and enhances the end-to-end transmission by maximizing path bandwidth and minimizing the delays, and thus meets the requirements of QoS-based applications. Second, we tackle the problem of routing in mobile delay-tolerant networks by studying the intermittent connectivity of nodes and deriving a contact model in order to forecast future nodes' contacts. Based upon this contact model, we propose a routing protocol that makes use of nodes' locations, nodes' trajectories, and inter-node contact prediction in order to perform forwarding decisions. The proposed routing protocol achieves low end-to-end delays while using efficiently constrained nodes' resources in terms of memory (packet queue occupancy) and processing power (forecasting algorithm). Finally, we present a topology control mechanism along a packet forwarding algorithm for event-driven applications using stationary wireless sensor networks. Topology control is achieved by using a distributed duty-cycle scheduling algorithm. Algorithm parameters can be tuned according to the desired node's awake neighbourhood size. The proposed topology control mechanism ensures trade-off between event-reporting delay and energy consumption
Cobârzan, Cosmin. "Internet of highly mobile things." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD037/document.
Full textMobility is becoming an integrating part of todays Internet of Things, as many applications such as wildlife monitoring or target tracking in the battlefield cannot be done only with the help of static nodes. The goal of this thesis is to provide new communication architecture articulated around providing mobility support in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). First we analyzed from a theoretical point of view the IPv6 address auto-configuration with all optimizations made in Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over 6LoWPAN. This step is of crucial importance for protocols that offer mobility support in IP networks, such as MIPv6. Our findings, increased message size that leads to fragmentation and high energy consumption for routers that are involved in Neighbor Discovery message exchange, have lead us to use the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in order to provide mobility support. RPL is build from ground up with respect to LLN requirements. Our second contribution enhanced RPL operations to support mobility management. Finally, we proposed a cross-layer protocol – Mobility Triggered-RPL – that leverages actions from the X-Machiavel preamble sampling MAC protocol into RPL
Khoufi, Saadallah Ines. "Autonomous or assisted deployment by mobile robots of wireless sensor networks : coverage and connectivity issues." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066351/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks are deployed to monitor physical phenomena. The accuracy of information collected depends on sensor node positions. These positions must meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity. Therefore, deployment algorithms are necessary to determine the optimal positions of sensor nodes. This thesis focuses on the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, first when these nodes are autonomous, and secondly when they are static and the deployment is assisted by mobile robots. In both cases, this deployment must not only meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity, but also minimize the number of sensors needed while satisfying various constraints (e.g. obstacles, energy, fault-tolerant connectivity). We proposed autonomous deployment algorithms that avoid node oscillations: ADVFA, GDVFA and OA-DVFA to monitor 2D areas and 3D-DVFA to monitor a 3D space. In case of a deployment assisted by mobile robots, we proposed two approaches to optimize the deployment duration. The first one is based on game theory to optimize the length of the paths of two robots (TRDS) and the second is based on the multi-objective optimization, with a number of robots greater than or equal to 2 (MRDS). The objectives to be met are: optimizing the duration of the longest tour duration, balancing the durations of the robot tours and minimizing the number of robots used, while bypassing obstacles
Khoufi, Saadallah Ines. "Autonomous or assisted deployment by mobile robots of wireless sensor networks : coverage and connectivity issues." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066351.
Full textWireless sensor networks are deployed to monitor physical phenomena. The accuracy of information collected depends on sensor node positions. These positions must meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity. Therefore, deployment algorithms are necessary to determine the optimal positions of sensor nodes. This thesis focuses on the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, first when these nodes are autonomous, and secondly when they are static and the deployment is assisted by mobile robots. In both cases, this deployment must not only meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity, but also minimize the number of sensors needed while satisfying various constraints (e.g. obstacles, energy, fault-tolerant connectivity). We proposed autonomous deployment algorithms that avoid node oscillations: ADVFA, GDVFA and OA-DVFA to monitor 2D areas and 3D-DVFA to monitor a 3D space. In case of a deployment assisted by mobile robots, we proposed two approaches to optimize the deployment duration. The first one is based on game theory to optimize the length of the paths of two robots (TRDS) and the second is based on the multi-objective optimization, with a number of robots greater than or equal to 2 (MRDS). The objectives to be met are: optimizing the duration of the longest tour duration, balancing the durations of the robot tours and minimizing the number of robots used, while bypassing obstacles
Kuntz, Romain. "Medium access control facing the dvnamics of wireless sensor networks." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/KUNTZ_Romain_2010.pdf.
Full textA WSN consists in spatially distributed autonomous and embedded devices that cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions in a less intrusive fashion. The data collected by each sensor node (such as temperature, vibrations, sounds, movements etc. ) are reported to a sink station in a hop-by-hop fashion using wireless transmissions. In the last decade, the challenges raised by WSN have naturally attracted the interest of the research community. Especially, signicant improvements to the communication stack of the sensor node have been proposed in order to tackle the energy, computation and memory constraints induced by the use of embedded devices. A number of successful deployments already denotes the growing interest in this technology. Recent advances in embedded systems and communication protocols have stimulated the elaboration of more complex use cases. They target dense and dynamic networks with the use of mobile sensors or multiple data collection schemes. For example, mobility in WSN can be employed to extend the network coverage and connectivity, as well as improve the routing performances. However, these new scenarios raise novel challenges when designing communication protocols. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the issues raised at the MAC layer when confronted to dynamic WSN. We have rst studied the impact of mobility and dened two new MAC protocols (Machiavel and X-Machiavel) which improve the medium access of mobile sensor nodes in dense networks. Our second contribution is an auto-adaptive algorithm for preamble sampling protocols. It aims at minimizing the global energy consumption in networks with antagonist trafic patterns by obtaining an optimal configuration on each node. This mechanism is especially energy-efficient during burst transmissions that could occur in such dynamic networks
Bekhti, Mustapha. "Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Full textFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm
Hamidouche, Ranida. "Paradigme bio-inspiré dans les réseaux intelligents dynamiques au service de l’internet des objets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG066.
Full textToday the Internet makes it possible to connect billions of heterogeneous electronic devices and ensures communication between them. These devices have sensors designed with resource constraints that significantly affect data collection, especially memory and battery size limitations. The divergences in the characteristics of these objects require new intelligent methods to ensure communication between them. Heuristic solutions become obsolete or powerless to satisfy the user's requirement, hence a search for new methods becomes necessarily necessary to satisfy users. Among these solutions, we have those based on bio-inspired models. In this context, intending to minimize data loss, we propose different bio-inspired approaches for the mobility of the data collector and the choice of meeting points for data collection.First of all, we propose mobility inspired by the movement of Escherichia Coli bacteria. Then, we propose a technique inspired by the grouping of grey wolves and whales for the choice of meeting points. Afterward, we improve the mobility of the collector by mobility inspired by salps.Finally, we combine these approaches by taking into account the urgency of the data. The different contributions were evaluated using simulations and then were compared with similar existing work.The results obtained are very promising in terms of energy consumption and the amount of data collected
Sghaier, Nouha. "Techniques de conservation de l'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs mobiles : découverte de voisinage et routage." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1194/document.
Full textThe challenge of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is a key issue that remains an open problem. This thesis relates to the problem of energy conservation in sensor networks and is divided into two parts. In the first part, we discuss the design of neighbor discovery protocols. We propose two techniques for modulating these protocols in order to optimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes. The first technique, PPM-BM aims to modulate the neighbor discovery protocol based on the battery level of the node. The second approach ECoND aims to set up the frequency of neighbor discovery based on estimated connectivity. This technique takes advantage of the temporal cycles of nodes' movement patterns. Connectivity is estimated based on encounters' history. A neighbor discovery is set up based on the estimated rate of connectivity. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in optimizing the energy consumption of nodes while maintaining acceptable message delivery and overhead rates. In the second part of the thesis, we contribute to the optimization of the performance of sensor networks in terms of network lifetime. We review in this section some routing protocols for networks with intermittent connectivity and we propose EXLIOSE protocol which is based on residual energy to ensure energy-balancing, load sharing and network lifetime extending
Chafik, Abdellatif. "Architectures de réseau de capteurs pour la surveillance de grands systèmes physiques à mobilité cyclique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0063/document.
Full textThe close supervision of a large physical equipment moving on a single known trajectory is likely to have important practical applications for the safety of users and the equipment itself, for maintenance and optimization of the provided service. This requires deploying monitoring instruments on equipment. This instrumentation using a sensor network taken off the shelf is the application of the study conducted in this thesis. The research problems address three areas: the topology of mobile sensor networks, routing and localization. They are situated in relation to the state of the art. Then a detailed study of the network architecture for a physical system moving on a circular path was conducted. Giant observation wheel of Singapore (Singapore Flyer) is used as a type system. Two kinds of topology were considered: one in which the connection mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sensor interface, one for which the link mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sink interface. The best placements of the relays have been proposed as well as geographic routing algorithms adapted to each case. The network performance is measured by simulation. The results show a correct working for fairly rapid dynamic phenomena and allow to compare architectures with each other. Finally an experiment of node localization based on RSSI was conducted on an industrial site
Ingelrest, François. "Protocoles localisés de diffusion et économie d'énergie dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113869.
Full textLes réseaux de capteurs sont similaires aux réseaux ad hoc, car ils sont également décentralisés et autonomes. Un capteur est un petit appareil capable de surveiller son environnement. Des cas typiques d'utilisation peuvent être la surveillance de zones militaires (détection de mouvements) ou de forêts (détection d'incendie).
Parmi les problèmes communs à ces deux types de réseaux se trouve la diffusion. Dans une telle communication, un message est envoyé depuis un objet donné vers tous les autres du réseau. Les applications de ce processus sont nombreuses : découverte de routes, synchronisation... Comme les objets mobiles utilisent une batterie, il est nécessaire que la diffusion soit la plus économe possible d'un point de vue énergétique. Cela est généralement obtenu en réduisant la quantité de relais nécessaires, ou en limitant la puissance d'émission à chaque relais.
Le but de mon travail était d'étudier la diffusion dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs, afin de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques et les défauts des mécanismes existants, puis d'en proposer de nouveaux, plus efficaces. Dans tous ces travaux, nous avons toujours voulu rester dans le domaine des solutions 'réalistes' : beaucoup des précédentes études utilisaient en effet des mécanismes centralisés, où une connaissance globale du réseau est nécessaire pour effectuer la diffusion. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur des solutions fiables et localisés, c'est-à-dire n'utilisant que des informations sur le voisinage de chaque noeud. Ce type de mécanisme permet également un passage à l'échelle simplifié, car la quantité d'informations nécessaire ne varie pas avec la taille du réseau. Nos études montrent de plus que ces solutions peuvent être aussi efficaces que les méthodes centralisées.
Puisque l'ajustement de portée est un mécanisme très important dans la conservation de l'énergie, nous avons proposé une méthode de diffusion originale, basée sur le concept de portée optimale de communication. Cette dernière est calculée de manière théorique grâce au modèle énergétique considéré, et représente le meilleur compromis entre l'énergie dépensée à chaque noeud et le nombre de relais nécessaires. Nous avons ainsi proposé deux protocoles différents basés sur ce concept, chacun étant plus spécifiquement adapté soit aux réseaux ad hoc (TR-LBOP), soit aux réseaux de capteurs (TR-DS).
Afin de réduire encore plus la consommation énergétique, nous avons étudié le fameux protocole centralisé nommé BIP. Son efficacité est due au fait qu'il considère la couverture obtenue par une seule émission omnidirectionnelle, au lieu de considérer chaque lien séparément. Nous avons proposé une solution localisée basée sur BIP, afin de construire incrémentalement une structure de diffusion. Nous avons montré de manière expérimentale que les résultats ainsi obtenus sont très proches de ceux fournis par BIP, notamment dans les réseaux de forte densité, tout en n'utilisant que des informations locales à chaque noeud.
Nous avons finalement considéré la suppression d'une hypothèse forte, largement répandue dans la communauté des réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs : l'utilisation d'un graphe du disque unitaire. Ce dernier définit la zone de communication d'un noeud comme étant un cercle parfait. Nous avons remplacé cette hypothèse par une autre plus réaliste afin d'en étudier les conséquences sur un protocole connu, le protocole de diffusion par relais multipoints (MPR). Nous avons montré que ce dernier ne fournit plus de résultats suffisants dans un tel environnement. Nous avons également proposé quelques modifications afin d'obtenir à nouveau de bons résultats.
Barrère, Lionel. "Étude et proposition de services dans les réseaux mobiles militaires de type MANet." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13825/document.
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Ferrand, Paul. "Communications coopératives dans les réseaux autour du corps humain." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941101.
Full textLauzier, Matthieu. "Conception et validation de plateformes de communication autour du corps humain, à l'échelle de l'individu et du groupe." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0027/document.
Full textThe technological evolutions which have taken place for the last decades allowed the emergence of new application fields, such as the wireless monitoring of physiological parameters collected on the human body, with the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs, or BANs). Mostly dedicated to the medical domain and the improvement of the patients' comfort and safety, this kind of platforms more recently extended to other kinds of activities, such as sports and leisures. According to the applicative context, the hypotheses and constraints associated to these networks can vary drastically, yielding the necessity of developing adapted communication mechanisms. The works presented in this thesis have focused on the realization of data collection platforms for mobile sports applications. In a first part, we concentrate on the individual data collection, for which we give a proof of concept in the context of a Marathon race, before aiming at a better understanding of individual channel models and cooperative mechanisms for on-body data centralization. In a second part, we are interested in dense and mobile networks consisting in an important number of coexisting BANs. Our aim is to propose distributed algorithms based on consensus to allow dynamic group detection, with a variable scale. The validation of the approaches developed in this document is performed by practical implementations and experiments at each step of this work, thanks to an important amount of real world collected data. Through extended analyzes, we provide elements allowing to characterize the communication within mobile BANs, and particularly large scale networks. Although guided by the strong applicative context of live TV broadcast, these works and analysis methods don't lose in generality, and this challenging and original context opens a lot of perspectives
Bekkaoui, Otmane. "Réseaux de capteurs d'hydrogène passifs sans fil." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6139/1/030426241.pdf.
Full textMezni, Anis. "Ordonnancement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil embarqués." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI030.
Full textWireless Sensor networks are attracted many activities of research and development during the last decade. Yet, the distributed behavior of a WSN remains centered on two main objectives: sensing and routing. This thesis advocates the introduction of an additional feature, which can be considered interesting from a functional point of view and potentially from the power consumption one: starting from a designer-specified requirement, implement a multiple level synergy between (groups of) nodes, based on adequate interaction. This is achieved by automatic generation and distribution of correct-by-construction code, relying on the Supervisory Control Theory. The Discrete Controller Synthesis (DCS) technique is an application of this theoretic framework. In this thesis, we show how DCS can be used for WSN. Thus, its potential is at two levels. The intra-cluster scheduling of a redundant group of sensors with specifications expressing the mutual exclusion during the activation of a sensor within a cluster, essential to save the energy within the network and then a multicriteria automatic generation of an optimal routing functionality. Specifically, an optimal path should have both a minimal length and go through nodes having maximal residual energy. The cited formal tools lean on a modelling approach based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). The scientific challenges are generally related to the nature of the WSN as well as to its size. The DCS can only generates a monoblock controllers, while the WSN’s behavior is essentially distributed. The issue is how to distribute a global controller, who appears in the form of a logical constraint expressed on the global state of the network, into local controllers while adding the necessary synchronization to guarantee a distributed functioning equivalent to the initially generated controller
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
Full textA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309.
Full textA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Munir, Muhammad Farukh. "Optimisation inter-couche de réseaux de capteurs et capteurs-actionneurs sans fil." Paris, ENST, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0039.
Full textMabrouki, Issam. "Marches aléatoires dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0081.
Full textRamassamy, Cédric. "Analyse des protocoles des réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0586/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks is one of the hotest research topic in the last few years. This technology can be applied for different fields such as environment, industry, trading, medicine, military etc. Wireless sensor networks are hard to conceive because they require a lot of energy and because each of its component may have an influence on the lifetime of the whole system. What we suggest is a tool allowing to choose the correct and optimal parameters for the reliability of the applications.In this thesis, we focused on two major problems : firstly, a classification of the parameters for a tool allowing to make decisions about the configuration of a wireless sensors network, and secondly, a tool testing the compliance of the system with a real environment. The document is divided into two parts : the first part states the different protocols that exist, and the second part describes our contributions to those topics.In the first contribution, we analyzed how influential the radio cover and the network topology are on the network performances. Then, we deduced from the study of the loss rate and of the level of energy, the reliability of the application. Next, we suggested a study leading to a classification for our decision making tool. For this classification, we studied various parameters related to the MAC layer, the Physical layer, the network layer, the application layer the number of nodes involved in the network.In the second contribution, we adopted a pragmatic approach so we could test the conformity of a wireless sensors network in a real environment. In order to test its conformity in a real environment, we suggested a structured test execution on a real wireless sensor network. This task has been suggested in order to check the conformance level of the network while it was working
Makkaoui, Leila. "Compression d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795503.
Full textDu, Wan. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690466.
Full textLeone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038/document.
Full textLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
Leone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038.
Full textLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
NICOLAS, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762223.
Full textCorbellini, Giorgio. "MAC adaptatif pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771767.
Full textChamp, Julien. "Communication et Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20133.
Full textRecent advancements in the fields of telecommunications and miniaturization make it possible to deploy for a reasonnable cost, autonomous communicating objects in order to collect environmental data, or to respond when a given event appears in the deployment area. Due to the emergence of these new kind of ad hoc networks, it is needed to design various new protocols, adapted to the constraints of considered objects and to the specific needs of targeted applications.During this thesis, the objective was to contribute to the field of wireless sensor networks by proposing solutions for some of the most important issues. In the first part of this document, dedicated to communication problems, we study and propose a new energy efficient geographical routing mechanism which overcomes the periodic exchange of HELLO messages, often required to determine sensors neighborhood. We also extend this method when considering the presence of location errors of sensors. Next, we have studied a strategy to enhance the lifetime of the network when periodic queries must be sent from the base station to the whole network, by adapting an efficient localized broadcast algorithm, in order to balance energy consumption between nodes. Additionally we have shown that it is not necessary to recompute the broadcast trees for each query to obtain a good lifetime.In the second part of this document, we considered the localization problem in wireless multihop networks. After a study of some of the most interesting solutions in the litterature, we propose a new family of localization methods which are well suited for wireless sensor networks, using 2-hop information and force-based algorithms. Through extensive simulations we show the scalabity of our method, and its ability to obtain accurate results, even when considering complex topologies or the presence of large measurement errors
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037/document.
Full textBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037.
Full textBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Benamrouche, Bilal. "Efficacité énergétique des architectures de communication sans fil IR-UWB pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0023/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. Subject proposes the design of a new generation of wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB), reconfigurable upon the application, reliable and ultra-low power. Applications like structure health monitoring of aerospace structures or portable smart sensing systems for human protection can be targeted. These industrial applications impose very demanding specifications for the wireless communication protocol (in some cases, new services are needed like: localization, clock synchronization, real-time transmission, etc) on one side, and for the circuit design, on the other side, as the ultra-low power circuits are needed. Energy efficiency is the major driver in today development of the wireless sensor networks. We chose impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technique for our developments. IR-UWB is a very promising technique able to respond to the wireless communication protocol constraints and to energy efficiency constraints.! The objective of this Ph.D. will be to design an ultra-low power IR-UWB transceiver. IR-UWB signal processing techniques has to be study and innovator solution has to be proposed for the implementation of the IR-UWB transceiver. The first prototype will be developed on FPGA boards (and/or USRP boards) and the final IR-UWB transceiver will be an ASIC in CMOS technology. The design of an ultra-low power consumption of the CMOS transceiver will be a major concern. Modern ultra-low power circuit techniques from the nanometrics CMOS design kits will be used. MAC layer adapted to the demands of the application and working on IR-UWB physical layer will be also studied and designed. A microprocessor integration on the chip for power management of the different parts (sensor, communication, computing, energy harvesting) of the system can also be studied. This work will be based on the previous research results obtained in our team in the case of static WSN. This work will take plac! e in the highly stimulating and competitive environment of a E! uropean project
Le, Ngoc Khuyen. "Homologie simpliciale appliquée aux réseaux sans fil." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0039/document.
Full textSimplicial homology is a useful tool to access important information about the topology of wireless networks such as : coverage and connectivity. In this thesis, we model the wireless network as a random deployment of cells. Firstly, we introduce an algorithm to construct the Cech complex, which describes exactly the topology of the network. Then, the Cech complex is used in further applications. The first application is to save transmission power for wireless networks. This application not only maximizes the coverage of the network but also minimizes its transmission power. At the same time, the coverage and the transmission power are optimized. The second application is to balance the traffic load in wireless networks. This application controls the transmission power of each cell in the network, always under the coverage constraint. With the controlled transmission power, the users are redirected to connect to the lower traffic load cells. Consequentially, the balanced traffic load is obtained for the network
Xu, Chuan. "Power-Aware Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS498/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a formal energy model which allows an analytical study of energy consumption, for the first time in the context of population protocols. Population protocols model one special kind of sensor networks where anonymous and uniformly bounded memory sensors move unpredictably and communicate in pairs. To illustrate the power and the usefulness of the proposed energy model, we present formal analyses on time and energy, for the worst and the average cases, for accomplishing the fundamental task of data collection. Two power-aware population protocols, (deterministic) EB-TTFM and (randomized) lazy-TTF, are proposed and studied for two different fairness conditions, respectively. Moreover, to obtain the best parameters in lazy-TTF, we adopt optimization techniques and evaluate the resulting performance by experiments. Then, we continue the study on optimization for the power-aware data collection problem in wireless body area networks. A minmax multi-commodity netflow formulation is proposed to optimally route data packets by minimizing the worst power consumption. Then, a variable neighborhood search approach is developed and the numerical results show its efficiency. At last, a stochastic optimization model, namely the chance constrained semidefinite programs, is considered for the realistic decision making problems with random parameters. A novel simulation-based algorithm is proposed with experiments on a real control theory problem. We show that our method allows a less conservative solution, than other approaches, within reasonable time
Alghamdi, Bandar. "Etude des méthodes d'ordonnancement sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS010/document.
Full textThe Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the most critical field when considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It must be a self-organizing network architecture, meaning that it should be able to efficiently manage all network architecture requirements. The WBAN usually contains at least two or more body sensors. Each body sensor sends packets to or receives packets from the Personal Area Network Coordinator (PANC). The PANC is responsible for scheduling its child nodes' tasks. Scheduling tasks in the WBAN requires a dynamic and an adaptive process in order to handle cases of emergency that can occur with a given patient. To improve the most important parameters of a WBAN, such as quality link, response time, throughput, the duty-cycle, and packet delivery, we propose three scheduling processes: the semi-dynamic, dynamic, and priority-based dynamic scheduling approaches.In this thesis, we propose three task scheduling techniques, Semi-Dynamic Scheduling (SDS), Efficient Dynamic Scheduling (EDS) and High Priority Scheduling (HPS) approaches. Moreover, a comprehensive study has been performed for the WBAN platforms by classifying and evaluating them. We also investigate the mobility model for the WBANs by designing an architecture that describe this model. In addition, we detail a diagnosis procedure by using classification methods in order to solve very sensitive epidemic diseases. Then, our proposals have been validated using two techniques to check out the feasibility of our proposals. These techniques are simulation scenarios using the well-known network simulator OPNET and real implementations over TelosB motes under the TinyOS system
Chevalier, Ludovic. "Performances de l'optique sans fil pour les réseaux de capteurs corporels." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0118/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the performance of optical girelles communications for body area networks (BAN) as an alternative solution to the radiofrequency one, in the context of mobile healthcare monitoring. After presenting the main characteristics of a BAN using the radiofrequency technology, specifically in the UWB band, we explain the advantages of the optical wireless technology. Diffuse propagation based on infrared technology is then considered for BAN, exploiting optical reflections from environment surfaces. Several optical wireless channel modeling methods are introduced, and we consider two solutions for the link between two on-body nodes: a classical method named “one reflection model”, used to estimate performance variations, and a ray-launching method, used to take into account a great amount of optical reflections. Considering several scenarios, we determine the outage probability, and show that the diffuse optical wireless technology is able to achieve an on-body link, with the data rates and the quality of service required by health monitoring applications, for a transmitted power far lower than the limit defined in standards. Then, we evaluate the theoretical performance, in terms of error probability, of an optical wireless BAN, considering the optical code division multiple access technique. Finally, we show that a BAN using optical wireless technology is theoretically feasible, regarding a health monitoring application, and considering the mobility of the patient in indoor environment
Salhi, Ismail. "Un codage réseau contraint pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00794618.
Full textLucas, Pierre-Yves. "Modélisations, Simulations, Synthèses pour des réseaux dynamiques de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0114/document.
Full textThe integration of environment and information systems is progressing quickly since 10 years. This allows to monitor natural, physical or societal evolutions; to capture their logic and sometimes to control their effects. This integration is feasible thanks to many technical and scientific progresses: sensors, wireless communications, system on chips, batteries, distributed systems and geo-localization. The benefits are important for climate change monitoring and resource savings.In this context, we have firstly achieved a learning of technologies and several practical system realizations. We have produced a navigation software (QuickMap) allowing to interface gis databases and tile servers similar to OpenStreetMap, taking care of sensor locations and outputs. QuickMap is also a nice frontend to produce cellular systems oriented to physical simulations.Using the NetGen platform, we have produced a simulation framework allowing to schedule mobile moves with sensor field activities. A case study was leo satellites visiting remote sensor systems, with investigations on two algorithms suitable for data collection and control.Finally we have addressed the question of observation system virtualization by using an high level, process oriented virtual machine (tvm) to control the wireless link, a step forward to make the distributed and local behaviours homogeneous in terms of programming and simulation.Many of our developments are currently involved in active projects.This thesis was funded by a grant of Brest Metropole Oceane (BMO) and was achieved in a wireless research group at University of Brest, Lab-STICC laboratory
Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
Full textThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
Miao, Huifang. "Connectixité, forte orientation des graphes et réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112095.
Full textThis thesis is mainly about some parameters of graphs--connectivity, strong distance, the orientation of graphs and some applications in wireless sensor networks. In Chapter 2, we model that each sensor nodes monitors exact one target. We present the disjoint sets coverage and connectivity problem, and prove it is NP-complete. In Chapter 3, we consider the wireless sensor networks satisfying that each node monitors one target or just for connection. Assume G is l(k-1)+1-connected, then we can find k (the maximum number) disjoint sets each of which completely covers all the targets and remains connected to one of the central processing nodes. And we also give the related algorithms to find the k disjoint sets. In Chapter 4, based on the model described in Chapter 3, assume the working time of the node only for connection is d times as the one both for monitoring and connection. We show that it is NP-complete to attain energy efficiency. An algorithm is designed for it. Chapter 5 is about the strong distance in oriented complete k-partite graphs. In Chapter 6, we determine the lower orientable strong radius and diameter of complete k-partite graphs, and give the upper orientable strong diameter and the bounds on the upper orientable strong radius of complete k-partite graphs. In Chapter 7, we show that each complete k-partite graph has an optimal strong (k, d)-orientation
Kacimi, Rahim. "Techniques de conservation d'énergie pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT035H/document.
Full textTechnological advances during the last few years allowed the development of new and cheap sensors equiped with wireless communication which can be configured to form autonomous networks. The application areas for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are various: home automations, health care services, military domain, and environment monitoring. The imposed constraints are limited capacity of processing, storage, and especially energy. In addition, implementing WSN solutions is highly open and requires that the infrastructure, the mechanisms and the protocols should be completely designed based on each specific application.In this thesis, we first focused on small networks. We designed « Placide », a protocol stack solution for cold chain monitoring proposed within the ANR-CAPTEURS project. The first originality of this solution is based on the absence of infrastructure and base stations. « Placide » is composed of self-organizing and energy-efficient protocols based on a virtual ring construction between nodes. The second topic is devoted to an experimental study on Link Quality Indicator (LQI). There are two main objectives. Firstly, we want to endorse our precise assumptions of the first part of the work. Secondly, our poposed link quality based protocols and algorithms willbe described. We focused on LQI variations according to distance between nodes and transmission power.Thereafter, the impact of LQI on the network topology has been studied. Feedbacks are important to understand which factors affect the network lifetime. The last contribution relates to the use of these observations by proposing load balancing strategies. Our idea is that very reduced protocols and simple mechanisms can be used in routing protocols. We illustrate these principles through simple examples where we show the superiority of these solutions compared to standard routing like shortest path for example