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Academic literature on the topic 'Réseaux assistés par drones'
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Journal articles on the topic "Réseaux assistés par drones"
Gagnon, Richard. "Une perspective fonctionnelle pour la formation professionnelle technique assistée par ordinateur." Articles 25, no. 2 (October 17, 2007): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031999ar.
Full textMoussaoui, Abderrahmane. "Violence." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.123.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Réseaux assistés par drones"
Bayerlein, Harald. "Machine Learning Methods for UAV-aided Wireless Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS154.
Full textAutonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), spurred by rapid innovation in drone hardware and regulatory frameworks during the last decade, are envisioned for a multitude of applications in service of the society of the future. From the perspective of next-generation wireless networks, UAVs are not only anticipated in the role of passive cellular-connected users, but also as active enablers of connectivity as part of UAV-aided networks. The defining advantage of UAVs in all potential application scenarios is their mobility. To take full advantage of their capabilities, flexible and efficient path planning methods are necessary. This thesis focuses on exploring machine learning (ML), specifically reinforcement learning (RL), as a promising class of solutions to UAV mobility management challenges. Deep RL is one of the few frameworks that allows us to tackle the complex task of UAV control and deployment in communication scenarios directly, given that these are generally NP-hard optimization problems and badly affected by non-convexity. Furthermore, deep RL offers the possibility to balance multiple objectives of UAV-aided networks in a straightforward way, it is very flexible in terms of the availability of prior or model information, while deep RL inference is computationally efficient. This thesis also explores the challenges of severely limited flying time, cooperation between multiple UAVs, and reducing the training data demand of DRL methods. The thesis also explores the connection between drone-assisted networks and robotics, two generally disjoint research communities
Labraoui, Mohamed. "Les réseaux maillés sans fils assistés par le SDN." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066636.
Full textWith advances in wireless communications, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has emerged as one solution to the limited coverage and capacity of infrastructure networks. A WMN is a multihop ad-hoc network where participating routers forward traffic on behalf of others. Despite the advantages and increased efficiency in many applications, several challenges still need to be solved and especially critical factors influencing the performance of WMNs such as scalability, network connectivity steadiness, Quality of Service (QoS), security, and interference problems. In the face of this challenge, this thesis explores a new approach for networks, namely the concept of Software-Defined Network (SDN). In an SDN configuration, the intelligence located at network devices level is moved within a central entity commonly referred to as the SDN controller. In this architecture, the SDN controller takes all decisions and dictates to each network device how to route data flows. In this thesis, the focus is on evaluating network management improvements that SDN could make in WMNs. Particularly, we analyzed and determined what kind of SDN control granularity that could be envisaged for this type of networks as well as the technical solutions to implement this concept for better performance
Labraoui, Mohamed. "Les réseaux maillés sans fils assistés par le SDN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066636.
Full textWith advances in wireless communications, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has emerged as one solution to the limited coverage and capacity of infrastructure networks. A WMN is a multihop ad-hoc network where participating routers forward traffic on behalf of others. Despite the advantages and increased efficiency in many applications, several challenges still need to be solved and especially critical factors influencing the performance of WMNs such as scalability, network connectivity steadiness, Quality of Service (QoS), security, and interference problems. In the face of this challenge, this thesis explores a new approach for networks, namely the concept of Software-Defined Network (SDN). In an SDN configuration, the intelligence located at network devices level is moved within a central entity commonly referred to as the SDN controller. In this architecture, the SDN controller takes all decisions and dictates to each network device how to route data flows. In this thesis, the focus is on evaluating network management improvements that SDN could make in WMNs. Particularly, we analyzed and determined what kind of SDN control granularity that could be envisaged for this type of networks as well as the technical solutions to implement this concept for better performance
Mastouri, Afef. "Développement de capteurs électrochimiques basés sur des transferts d'espèces à travers les micro-interfaces liquide-liquide pour la détection de polluants toxiques." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0031.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop electrochemical sensors based on ion assisted transfer reactions at liquid | liquid interfaces. The electrochemical device used is based on the formation of a micro-interface between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (water | DCE), obtained by a micropore drilled by a laser in a polyimide film. This micro-interface has been designed to obtain reproducible and meaningful measurements. Because water pollution by heavy metals is considered as one of the most important environmental problems, our studies focused particularly on assisted transfers of Pb (II) and Cd (II), alone or in mixture, by the 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), and Ba (II)) by the 18-crown-6 ether (18C6). Cyclic voltammetry was used for understanding the mechanisms of transfer, and for determining the stoichiometry of the formed complexes. Complementary measurements by mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry have confirmed these stoichiometries. All measures clearly show that the proposed experimental device is well suited for quantifying the electrochemically species, even if they are not electroactive.In prospects of industrial applications, we have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed device for online analysis. This process appears very promising because of its simplicity and its low cost, and with the possibility of reusing the organic solution for many measurements. Finally, in order to increase the sensitivity of the device, we also tested micropore arrays instead of a single micropore. We have clearly shown the interest in achieving lower concentrations values hence more representative of the environment. All studies in this thesis show how the used experimental device is promising and well performing
Youssef, Marie-Josépha. "Nouvelles approches pour l’allocation des ressources dans les réseaux de communication futurs utilisant NOMA et aidés par les drones." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0208.
Full textWith a forecasted number of billions of connected devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the evolution of wireless communication networks. This exponential increase in the number of connected devices is accompanied by a proliferation of heterogeneous IoT applications, resulting in the emergence of new wireless use cases that greatly differ from conventional multimedia services. When compared to previous communication systems, next generation wireless communication systems are expected to provide very high data rates, high reliability, low latency, improvement in the quality of service (QoS) perceived by users and an increase in the number of supported users.To meet these requirements, some of the key elements future communication systems must leverage include novel spectrum access techniques such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and uncoordinated spectrum access, self-organized networks (SON) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-aided communication networks. The main objective of this thesis is to exploit these key elements to provide novel resource allocation and net-work design solutions that aim at optimizing the use of available radio resources in next generation wireless communication networks. Different settings are considered, spanning wireless systems with heterogeneous mobile traffic requirements, uncoordinated spectrum access in SONs and UAV-aided communication systems. For each setting, a solution leveraging NOMA scheduling is proposed. The obtained results of the proposed solutions are promising, where these solutions are shown to outperform existing techniques from the literature
Piel, Ariane. "Reconnaissance de comportements complexes par traitement en ligne de flux d’événements." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132026/document.
Full textRecognising complex predefined behaviours by the analysis of event flows (Complex Event Processing - CEP) alows to interpret and react to large quantities of data wich one would not be able to apprehend alone. In this Ph.D. thesis, we provide a general theoretical framework for CEP through a purely formal approach ensuring the possibility to check and analyse the recognition process. We define a language, the chronicle language, allowing the description of the complex behaviours to be recognised. We formalise the notion of chronicle recognition through a set semantics based on an arborescent representation of recognitions. In order to use this framework, we then develop two models of the recognition process. The first relies on coloured Petri nets and allows the validation of recognition principles including concurrency and modularity issues. The second model directly implements the mathematical formalism in a C++ library, chronicle recognition library (CRL), wich is avaible in open source. We use this implementation to fulfil two applications linked to the insertion of unmanned aircraft system inside air traffic in case of communication link breakdowns. This application allows, on the other hand, to check the consistency of the procedures currently followed in case of failures ; and, on the other hand, to complete these procedures with alarms in case of unavoidable situations caused by human errors. The second application oversees that the security procedures of an unmanned aircraft flying through controlled or uncontrolled airspace are correctly followed
Theodorakopoulos, Panagiotis. "On autonomous target tracking for UAVs." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/545/.
Full textMost applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are related to events that occur on the ground. In particular, ground target tracking, be the target static, slowly moving or maneuvering at high speeds, is an essential task for UAVs. The overall objective of this thesis is to provide methods to endow a drone to autonomously track a moving ground target, under the following conditions: - A fixed wing UAV equipped with a monocular camera. - Presence of obstacles that hinder ground visibility. - No Fly Zones that limit the airspace. - Restrictions on the field of view of the observing sensor (a camera) - Various target dynamics and behavior: the target may be either moving on an open field or on a road network, and also has dynamic constraints (e. G. If it is a car). It can be neutral or evasive: in the latter case, it can exploit the presence of obstacles, denoted as "shadows" to avoid being tracked by the UAV, making the problem akin to a "hide and seek" game. The thesis proposes three approaches to tackle this problem: - A control based navigation method, - An adversarial predictive method, - And a discrete game theoretic approach. Results obtained in realistic simulations and with an actual UAV are presented to evaluate and compare the pros and cons of each approach. Extensions to the multi-drone case are also considered
Chauffaut, Corentin. "Etude de la phase de transition d'un drone tiré par tube dédié : modélisation et commande." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2154/document.
Full textThe motivation that initiated the ANR research project "Démonstrateur Gun Launched Micro Air Vehicle" is the need to have a portable system which would permi tto quickly obtain images of an zone of interest placed at some hundred of meters, with the possibility to observe inside buildings either by their windows or by going inside them.To answer this need, the French-German Research Institute of St Louis got the idea o fusing a gun launched rotorcraft-MAV. The GLMAV, in its projectile form, is launched from a portable launching tube to a distance of 500m and a height of 100m, where it will collect and transmit visual information from the scene. The use of a projectile/rotorcraft-MAV hybrid system has two main advantages : it allows extending the MAV range,and the first images of the interest zone are obtained very quickly. During this PhD, we studied the transition phase, the passage from a projectile to a rotorcraft-MAV. A detailed aerodynamic model of the GLMAV has been obtained over his whole flight envelope. Taking into account the difficulties encountered during the transition phase (perturbation of the sensors caused by the 2500g acceleration at the launch, varying initial conditions),we developed a control strategy, and a velocity control law based on the backstepping methodology. This control strategy has been validated in simulation. The attitude control law has been validated on the GLMAV prototype. Studies on optical flow, to obtain the lateral velocities of the GLMAV, have been started
Audi, Ahmad. "Implantation dans le matériel de fonctionnalités temps-réel dans une caméra intelligente ultralégère spécialisée pour la prise de vue aérienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1022/document.
Full textIn the recent years, the civilian UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have become an interesting tool in aerial photography and in photogrammetry. This led the LOEMI (Laboratoire d'Opto-électronique, de Métrologie et d'Instrumentation) team of IGN (Institut National de l'Information Géographique) to design an light-weight digital camera better adapted for exploiting photogrammetry and metrology applications than consumer cameras. This camera consists essentially of a CMOS ``global shutter'' sensor, an inertial measurement unit IMU, and a system on chip (FPGA + 2 CPUs) used originally to acquire image data from the sensor. This SoC/FPGA-based camera opens the door to implement in hardware some real-time image processing algorithms. Night-time surveys and narrow spectral band with imagery are one of the next applications targeted by IGN, this type of applications needs a long-exposure time imagery that usually exhibits a motion blur due to erratic movements of the UAV. This thesis consists in the implementation on the light-weight IGN camera of an alogirithm which makes it possible to remedy this problem of motion blur. The first part of this work was devoted to the development of the method which consists in acquiring several images with a short exposure time and then using an image processing algorithm in order to generate a stacked image with the equivalent of a long-exposure time. To obtain the correct parameters for the resampling of images, the presented method accurately estimates the geometrical relation between the first and the nth image, taking into account the internal parameters and thedistortion of the camera. Features are detected in the first image by the FAST detector, than homologous points on other images are obtained by template matching aided by the IMU sensors. In order to speed up the processing of our algorithm, some phases are accelerated by implementing them in the hardware (SoC / FPGA).The results obtained on real surveys show that the final stacked image does not present a motion blur. The time results of the different phases of the algorithm also show that the execution of the algorithm has a quasi-zero time. One of the interesting byproducts of this work is the recalibration of the IMU sensors
Bekhti, Mustapha. "Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Full textFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm