Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux ad hoc véhicules (VANET)'
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Labiod, Mohamed Aymen. "Contribution à l'amélioration des transmissions vidéo dans les réseaux ad-hoc véhiculaires (VANET)." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0023/document.
Full textAt present, vehicular communications have become a reality guided by various applications. In particular, high-quality video delivery with low latency constraints is required for real-time applications. The new state-of-the-art high-effciency video coding (HEVC) standard is very promising for real-time video streaming in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Nevertheless, these networks have variable channel quality and a limited bandwidth that penalizes the overall performances of end-to-end video transmission. In order to meet these constraints, we proposed in this work to consider both transmission and video encoding parameters through a joint source-channel-protocol coding approach to provide an improvement in video transmission. First, we have shown the interest and the gain brought by the "cross-layer" solutions. Then, we developed two approaches. The first one exploits a "crosslayer" solution between the application layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer while the second exploits the transport layer protocols in the adaptation of the video stream. Regarding the first approach, we have proposed solutions to allocate the frames to the most appropriate Access Category (AC) queue on the MAC layer based on the image importance in the video stream. In another solution, we chose multiple descriptions source coding as an error resilient solution. Thus, the simluation results obtained for different realistic vehicular scenarios demonstrate that the proposed transmission schemes offer significant video quality improvements and end-to-end delay reduction compared to conventional transmission schemes
Diallo, El-hacen. "Study and Design of Blockchain-based Decentralized Road Traffic Data Management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG017.
Full textThe prominence of autonomous vehicles has imposed the need for more secure road traffic data (i.e., events related to accidents, traffic state, attack report, etc.) management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). Traditional centralized systems address this need by leveraging remote servers far from the vehicles. That is not an optimal solution as road traffic data must be distributed and securely cached close to cars to enhance performance and reduce bandwidth overhead. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution thanks to its decentralization property. But some questions remain unanswered: how to design blockchain-adapted traffic data validation, which is more complex than an economic transaction? What is the performance in real-world VANET scenarios?This thesis addresses those questions by designing blockchain-adapted traffic data management. The performance analysis and the validation of the proposed schemes are conducted through various simulations of real scenarios.We first adapt the PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism to the VANET context whereby the RSUs (Road Side Units) maintain the decentralized database of road traffic data. After that, the proposed scheme is evaluated in the presence of malicious vehicles. The results show that the proposed approach enables a secure and decentralized database of road traffic data at the RSUs level.Next, motivated by our findings, we adopt PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), a voting-based consensus mechanism, to reduce the blockchain latency. The traffic data validators are dynamically selected based on traffic event appearance location. Finally, we propose a novel blockchain replication scheme between RSUs. This scheme offers a trade-off between the blockchain latency and replication frequency. Simulation results show better performance when the validators (i.e., RSUs) are minimized.Finally, we propose a trust model to minimize the validators without compromising the decentralization and fairness of block-creation. This trust model leverages the geographical distance and the RSUs trust to dynamically form a group of validators for each block in the blockchain. We formalize and evaluate this trust model, considering various scenarios with malicious RSUs. Results show the efficiency of the proposed model to minimize the validators group while isolating malicious RSUs
Allal, Salim. "Optimisation des échanges dans le routage géocast pour les réseaux de Véhicules Ad Hoc VANETs." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132056/document.
Full textVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These letter attempt to answer the question of how to equip vehicles with wireless communication means to avoid accidents, better manage congestion and have positive impact on economics, energy and environment. Indeed, with wireless communication mechanisms such as IEEE 802.11p, a vehicle may exchange information with its near neighbors at one hop or at two furthur hops trhough relaying messages technique across intermediate vehicles. Some of these messages may cover vehicles wich are in a defined geographical area and spread throughout the network will consume bandwidth and penalize other vehicles. This is the case for information on the road trafic, for example. In the latter case, routing protocols said Geocast are used for the dissemination of these messages. The protocols are used to route a message from a unique source to multiple destination vehicles locked in the same geographic area. In this thesis, we considered the case where we have several geographic areas of interest and have proposed a new Geocast routing mechanism, called GeoSUZ, for conveying a message optimally between a source and multiple destination areas. An optimized broadcasting mechanism within an area is also combined with GeoSUZ algorithm to ensure end-to-end routing with minimal overhead
Atéchian, Talar. "Protocole de routage géo-multipoint hybride et mécanisme d'acheminement de données pour les réseaux ad hoc de véhicules (VANETs)." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Full textInfotainment applications for bulk data transfer (e. G. Multimedia file, multiplayer game, etc. ) are recently proposed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANED. One of the main challenges in these applications is to guarantee a Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of successful data delivery; this needs a reliable communication path between the source/destination nodes. However, in a dynamic environment such a V ANET, ensuring a reliable communication between the nodes becomes a complex task because of the high mobility of the nodes. In this thesis, the study is focused on the impact of the mobility on the bulk data transfer in Infotainment applications. In this context, we have proposed a novel geo-multicast hybrid routing protocol, named DG-CastoR that works as follows: for each disseminated query, it proposes a mechanism to construct an overlay network. This overlay gathers a set of nodes able to communicate directly with the source node in a near future. To find out the suitable nodes, we introduced a novel nearest neighbor method, named TQ (Trajectory Queries). Based on the spatiotemporal similarity measures applied on the nodes future trajectories, a set of nodes is returned. Thus, the query is disseminated only to the nodes that belong to the overlay network. In a second part of the thesis, we have proposed a data management application, named CoFFee. It improves the data delivery when the data transfer lime exceeds the connectivity duration with the source node. Hence, CoFFee introduces two techniques: (1) data pruning and (2) data replication techniques. The last part of the thesis is reserved for the experimentations and the performance evaluation of our approaches
Ren, Mengying. "Cluster-based Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs)." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0007.
Full textDue to the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and the growing demand of services in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), efficient clustering algorithms are mandatory to solve the network scalability problem and to support more applications in VANETs. However, because of the dynamic network topology of VANETs, clustering algorithms are required to guarantee the cluster's stability. Therefore, this thesis aims to propose a framework for clustering algorithms for VANETs, to improve cluster's stability and to increase the efficiency of data transmission. In this thesis, we firstly investigate a new mobility-based scheme for dynamic clustering (MoDyC) in VANETs using the mobility-based clustering metric to construct clusters. Then, we propose our framework for clustering algorithm named UFC. Based on this framework, we evaluate the impacts of different clustering metrics and cluster merging schemes on cluster's stability. Meanwhile, a leadership-based cluster merging scheme (LCM) is presented to increase the cluster stability. To analyze the cluster stability, we propose a Markov chain model to model the clustering process and to investigate its performance. Finally, this thesis studies a scenario, aiming to disseminate vehicular emergency messages through cluster-based data dissemination scheme
Bou, Farah Mira. "Méthodes utilisant des fonctions de croyance pour la gestion des informations imparfaites dans les réseaux de véhicules." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0208/document.
Full textThe popularization of vehicles has created safety and environmental problems. Projects havebeen launched worldwide to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and bring more comfortto drivers. The vehicle network environment is dynamic and complex, sources are often heterogeneous,and therefore the exchanged information may be imperfect. The theory of belief functionsoffers flexibility in uncertainty modeling and provides rich tools for managing different types of imperfection.It is used to represent uncertainty, manage and fuse the various acquired information.We focus on the management of imperfect information exchanged between vehicles concerningevents on the road. The carried work distinguishes local events and spatial events, which do nothave the same characteristics. In an environment without infrastructure where each vehicle is afusion center and creates its own vision, the goal is to provide to each driver the synthesis of thesituation on the road as close as possible to the reality. Different models using belief functionsare proposed. Different strategies are considered: discount or reinforce towards the absence of theevent to take into account messages ageing, keep the original messages or just the fusion result invehicle database, consider the world update, manage the spatiality of traffic jam events by takinginto account neighborhood. Perspectives remain numerous; some are developed in the manuscriptas the generalization of proposed methods to all spatial events such as fog blankets
Giang, Anh Tuan. "Capacity of vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989836.
Full textRusso, Jean-Nicola. "Evaluation du risque de téléscopage dans un contexte de véhicules communicants par la méthode des réseaux Bayésiens." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH2947.
Full textTechnological advances and the globalization of transport have led to an increase flow of passengers. However, in the automotive sector, technical or human problems lead to accidents that still cause thousands of injuries and deaths each year. As a result, government authorities and car manufacturers are working on new regulations and technical advances to ensure safety of every road user. To ensure that cut of deaths and injuries, an interesting research approach is to merge information from the vehicle, the driver and the environment in order to warn the driver of the risk he is taking or even to act directly on the vehicle. Thus, after defining the risk we consider, we are interested here in its modelling and estimation in real time. In this context, the deceleration of the leading vehicle is monitored and studied then we analyze and process the data through a Bayesian network in order to evaluate the rear-end risk that will be shared through vehicular communication thanks to VANet
Bouraoui, Basma. "Architectures cross-layer PHY/MAC pour réduire l'effet de blocage de réception dans les réseaux véhiculaires ad-hoc." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0006/document.
Full textThe MAC protocol IEEE 802.11p, dedicated to vehicular ad-hoc networks VANETs, prohibits simultaneous transmissions in the same detection area, in order to avoid interference between neighboring vehicles. This prohibition causes a temporary data reception blocking, which reduces the network throughput. To reduce this adverse impact, we propose in this thesis a cross-layer design PHY/MAC based on a transmit antennas selection algorithm jointly with a dedicated MAC protocol. This design allows receivers to select the best combination of transmit antennas to improve the throughput of each V2V link. The algorithm is presented with a multi-user detection method, which cancels neighbor’s interference and allows vehicles to transmit data simultaneously. The associated MAC protocol ensures the coordination between vehicles during the simultaneous transmission period. The simulation results show a significant network throughput improvement compared to the conventional case. However, this improvement is less important in dense VANETs. For this purpose, we propose to join a cross-layer design PHY/MAC based on a transmit power adaptation algorithm. This design allows transmitters to choice the adequate power level based on corresponding receivers density. The simulation results show that this solution allows more vehicles to communicate simultaneously and thus improves the network throughput, in particular in dense VANETs
El, Zoghby Nicole. "Fusion distribuée de données échangées dans un réseau de véhicules." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070896.
Full textKhalfallah, Sofiane. "Algorithmique best-effort pour les réseaux dynamiques." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1889.
Full textMany problems are open in the design of distributed applications (mobility, ad hoc communication, wireless technology, etc. ). We focus our work on a specific case study of dynamic networks, which is Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). We first establish a state-of-the-art for this field based on the European projects in the VANETs. Second, we model the IEEE 802. 11 standard that tends to be a standard for mobile communication. Best-effort algorithmics allowing to complete the concept of auto-stabilization in the management of dynamic networks are presented. For that aim, we introduce the concept of service continuity. This concept is close to the super-stabilization. We believe that the idea of metrics studying dynamic topologies is important (as the notion of duration of a continuous round). The proposed algorithm works in dynamic and distributed systems. It globally ensures a kind of service continuity to applications while the system is still converging, except if a huge number of topology changes happen. After that, we present our contributions in the Airplug software, as well as in the design and the implementation of a complete platform for performance evaluation and fast prototyping of best-effort protocols. An implementation is done of the distributed protocol GRP to estimate its performances in the Airplug-ns mode. Finally, we propose appropriate metrics that describe the stability of groups in order to evaluate the performance of our protocol
Brahmi, Nadia. "Contributions dans les réseaux véhiculaires : routage géographique et localisation." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES017.
Full textDriven by the transportation safety and efficiency issues, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications are attracting considerable attention in providing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this context, a variety of services are offered to road users for improving their security and comfort. These emerging applications include among others safety applications for traffic monitoring and collision prevention, road information services, and infotainment and so on. However, unlike other ad hoc networks, Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have their unique characteristics which give rise to many challenging issues. One of the most salient features is the high mobility of vehicles resulting in dynamic topology changes which make data routing remains a key networking issue. In this thesis, we focus on routing problems and propose new protocols that meet the requirements of the emerging vehicular applications. First, we exploit additional information about vehicle’s movement in order to adapt traditional position-based approach for these dynamic environments. We define a new strategy to improve forwarding decisions with an optimal next hop based on a computed metric combining position, velocity and direction information. In the second part of this work, we propose a new class of geographic routing protocols mainly for urban environments. The proposed approaches exploit information about road connectivity and vehicles distribution to find stable routes and reduce the probability of links breakage. The advocated techniques are evaluated by network simulations performed for different vehicular traffic scenarios. Finally, in order to help the deployment of the geographic routing solutions, we propose in the second part of this work a distributed hierarchical location service called Density aware Map-Based Location Service (DMBLS) for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. DMBLS makes use of the street digital maps and the traffic density information to define a three level-hierarchy of locations servers that help a source node to discover the location of destination node before sending the data. This infrastructure-less scheme has proven to be robust to node mobility and well suited to dynamic networks
Sareh, Said Adel Mounir. "Ubiquitous sensor network in the NGN environment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0016.
Full textUbiquités Sensor Network (USN) is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks. It makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness. Smart wearable devices and USNs are emerging rapidly providing many reliable services facilitating people life. Those very useful small end terminals and devices require a global communication substrate to provide a comprehensive global end user service. In 2010, the ITU-T provided the requirements to support USN applications and services in the Next Génération Network (NGN) environment to exploit the advantages of the core network. One of the main promising markets for the USN application and services is the e-Health. It provides continuous patients’ monitoring and enables a great improvement in medical services. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging technology, which provides intelligent communication between mobile vehicles. Integrating VANET with USN has a great potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are applied in real time and they are sensitive to delay, especially those related to safety and health. In this work, we propose to use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a service controller sub-layer in the USN environment providing a global substrate for a comprehensive end-to-end service. Moreover, we propose to integrate VANETs with USN for more rich applications and facilities, which will ease the life of humans. We started studying the challenges on the road to achieve this goal
Ahmad, Abdel Mehsen. "Techniques de transmission et d'accès sans fil dans les réseaux ad-hoc véhiculaires (VANETS)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0036.
Full textVehicular networks are the subject of active research in the field of networks as well as transport. The potential for vehicular networks to provide services such as traffic information in real time or accident makes this technology a very important research domain. These networks may support vehicle-to-vehicle communications (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or a combination of both. The IEEE 1609.4 is the specification of multichannel operations for IEEE802 .11p/WAVE vehicular networks (VANETs). It uses seven channels; one being a control channel (CCH) which is listened periodically by the vehicles and the other six channels are used as service channels (SCH). It also defines a time division between alternating CCH and SCH intervals. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of VANETs in the case of vehicular communications without infrastructure, and at the lower layers of IEEE 802.11p standard. In the first part, we propose an opportunistic multichannel MAC allocation in an environment without infrastructure. This approach is consistent with the standard IEEE1609.4 -2010/WAVE for a multi-channel operation, and it is designed for data services applications (non-urgent), while ensuring the transmission of road safety messages and control packets. To maintain the quality of service of the two types of messages (urgent and non-urgent) by exploiting the channel capacity, two solutions are proposed. In the second part, when the vehicle selects its channel and controls its temporal alternation between CCH and SCH, it starts transmitting its packets, particularly on the CCH, which have an expiration time. We present an approach to minimize collisions between transmitters while avoiding contention at the beginning of CCH interval, especially in a context of high vehicular density. Although the mechanisms proposed above reduce the collision rate, it is not possible to completely remove these collisions. In the third part, we address the problem of collisions between broadcast packets on the CCH, especially when the load of transmitted messages exceeds the channel capacity. For this purpose, we propose a new analog network coding mechanism adapted to QPSK modulation for broadcast messages on the CCH. In this approach, known symbols are sent before sending the packets to estimate the channel parameters and an explicit solution is used to reverse the system of the superposition of two packets
Hadded, Mohamed. "Design and optimization of access control protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0023.
Full textRoad crashes and their damages represent a serious issue and are one of the main causes of people death. In this context, Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are deployed to reduce the risk of road accident as well as to improve passengers’ comfort by allowing vehicles to exchange different kinds of data which ranges widely from road safety and traffic management to infotainment. Nowadays, safety applications are receiving a great deal of attention from researchers as well as from automobile manufacturers. In this thesis, we particularly focus on safety-critical applications, designed to provide drivers assistance in dangerous situations and to avoid accidents in highway environments. Such applications must guarantee to the vehicles access to the medium and have strict requirements regarding end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio. Therefore, our main goal is to propose new medium access control and routing protocols, which can efficiently adapt to frequent changing VANET network topologies. After a comprehensive overview of free-contention MAC protocols, we propose several solutions, based on Time Division Multiple Access Technique (TDMA). We have designed DTMAC, a fully distributed TDMA-based MAC protocol, which does not rely on an expensive infrastructure. DTMAC uses vehicles’ locations and a slot reuse concept to ensure that vehicles in adjacent areas have collision-free schedule. Using simulations, we prove that DTMAC provides a lower rate of access and merging collisions than VeMAC, a well-known TDMA based MAC protocol in VANET. Then, in order to ensure that event-driven safety messages can be sent over a long distance, we propose TRPM, a TDMA aware Routing Protocol for Multi-hop communication. Our routing scheme is based on a cross layer approach between the MAC and the routing layers, in which the intermediate vehicles are selected using TDMA scheduling information. Simulation results show that TRPM provides better performances in terms of average end-to-end delay, average number of hops and average delivery ratio. In the second part, we focus on coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms. First, we propose the Centralized TDMA based MAC protocol (CTMAC) which uses Road Side Units (RSUs) as a central coordinator to create and maintain the TDMA schedules. CTMAC implements an Access Collision Avoidance mechanism that can prevent the access collision problem occurring more than twice between the same vehicles that are trying to access the channel at the same time. Using simulation we show an improvement in terms of access and merging collisions as well as the overhead required to create and maintain the TDMA schedules compared to distributed scheduling mechanisms. However, in the CTMAC protocol, fast moving vehicles will need to compete for new slots after a short period of time when they leave their current RSU area, which makes a centralized scheduling approach very expensive. In order to further improve the performance of coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms, we focus on cluster-based TDMA MAC protocols in which some vehicles in the network are elected to coordinate the channel access, allowing the vehicles to remain connected with their channel coordinator for a longer period of time. To this end, first we propose an adaptive weighted clustering protocol, named AWCP, which is road map dependent and uses road IDs and vehicle directions to make the clusters’ structure as stable as possible. Then, we formulate the AWCP parameter tuning as a multi-objective problem and we propose an optimization tool to find the optimal parameters of AWCP to ensure its QoS. Next, we propose ASAS, an adaptive slot assignment strategy for a cluster-based TDMA MAC protocol. This strategy is based on a cross layer approach involving TDMA and AWCP. The objective is to overcome the inter-cluster interference issue in overlapping areas by taking into account vehicles’ locations and directions when the cluster head assign slots
Garbiso, Julian Pedro. "Fair auto-adaptive clustering for hybrid vehicular networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0061.
Full textFor the development of innovative Intelligent Transportation Systems applications, connected vehicles will frequently need to upload and download position-based information to and from servers. These vehicles will be equipped with different Radio Access Technologies (RAT), like cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technologies such as LTE and IEEE 802.11p respectively. Cellular networkscan provide internet access almost anywhere, with QoS guarantees. However, accessing these networks has an economic cost. In this thesis, a multi-hop clustering algorithm is proposed in the aim of reducing the cellular access costs by aggregating information and off-loading data in the V2V network, using the Cluster Head as a single gateway to the cellular network. For the example application of uploading aggregated Floating Car Data, simulation results show that this approach reduce cellular data consumption by more than 80% by reducing the typical redundancy of position-based data in a vehicular network. There is a threefold contribution: First, an approach that delegates the Cluster Head selection to the cellular base station in order to maximize the cluster size, thus maximizing aggregation. Secondly, a self-adaptation algorithm that dynamically changes the maximum number of hops, addressing the trade-off between cellular access reduction and V2V packet loss. Finally, the incorporation of a theory of distributive justice, for improving fairness over time regarding the distribution of the cost in which Cluster Heads have to incur, thus improving the proposal’s social acceptability. The proposed algorithms were tested via simulation, and the results show a significant reduction in cellular network usage, a successful adaptation of the number of hops to changes in the vehicular traffic density, and an improvement in fairness metrics, without affecting network performance
Ben, Jemaa Inès. "Communication multicast pour les systèmes véhiculaires coopératifs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0065/document.
Full textVehicular communications allow emerging new multicast applications such as fleet management and point of interest (POI). Both applications require Internet-to-vehicle multicasting. These approaches could not be applied to vehicular networks (VANET) due to their dynamic and distributed nature. In order to enable such multicasting, our work deals with two aspects. First, reachability of the moving vehicles to the multicast service and second, multicast message dissemination in VANET. We introduce first a self-configuring multicast addressing scheme that allows the vehicles to auto-configure a dynamic multicast address without a need to exchange signalling messages with the Internet. Second, we propose a simplified approach that extends Mobile IP and Proxy Mobile IP. This approach aims at optimizing message exchange between vehicles and entities responsible for managing their mobility in Internet. To study the dissemination mechanisms that are suitable for fleet management applications, we propose to revisit traditional multicast routing techniques that rely on a tree structure. For this purpose, we study their application to vehicular networks. In particular, as vehicular networks are known to have changing topology, we present a theoretical study of the link lifetime between vehicles in urban environments. Then, using simulations, we study the application of Multicast Adhoc On Demand Vector, MAODV. We propose then Motion-MAODV, an improved version of MAODV that aims at enhancing routes built by MAODV in vehicular networks and guarantee longer route lifetime. Finally, to enable geographic dissemination as required by POI applications, we propose a routing protocol Melody that provides a geocast dissemination in urban environments. Through simulations, Melody ensures more reliable and efficient packet delivery to a given geographic area compared to traditional geo-brodcasting schemes in highly dense scenarios
Sareh, Said Adel Mounir. "Ubiquitous sensor network in the NGN environment." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0016/document.
Full textUbiquités Sensor Network (USN) is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks. It makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness. Smart wearable devices and USNs are emerging rapidly providing many reliable services facilitating people life. Those very useful small end terminals and devices require a global communication substrate to provide a comprehensive global end user service. In 2010, the ITU-T provided the requirements to support USN applications and services in the Next Génération Network (NGN) environment to exploit the advantages of the core network. One of the main promising markets for the USN application and services is the e-Health. It provides continuous patients’ monitoring and enables a great improvement in medical services. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging technology, which provides intelligent communication between mobile vehicles. Integrating VANET with USN has a great potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are applied in real time and they are sensitive to delay, especially those related to safety and health. In this work, we propose to use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a service controller sub-layer in the USN environment providing a global substrate for a comprehensive end-to-end service. Moreover, we propose to integrate VANETs with USN for more rich applications and facilities, which will ease the life of humans. We started studying the challenges on the road to achieve this goal
Wilhelm, Geoffrey. "Etude des interactions réseaux véhiculaires et Cloud." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS032/document.
Full textVehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are a new kind of networks which allow to connect vehicles between them and with the road infrastructures. It make possible to deploy safety applications (colision avoidance, roadworks advertisement, etc.), real time application (driver assistance, automated driving, etc.), comfort application (automatic toll payment, access to multimedia contents via internet, etc.). In order to be functioning completely, the vehicle needs more and more computing power and a connection with almost no interruption. To guarantee this constraints, VANETs are using more and more often the Cloud Computing. This thesis aims to explore the differents intereactions between VANETs and the Cloud
Toufga, Soufian. "Vers des réseaux véhiculaires (VANET) programmables grâce à la technologie SDN (software defined network)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30128.
Full textThe vehicular network concept, which initially focused on vehicle-to-vehicle communication, is opening up to other types of communications involving vehicles and infrastructure (network), cloud or pedestrians, etc. to meet the needs of the wide variety of new applications envisaged in the framework of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The multitude of network access technologies, the very high mobility of vehicles and their high density in urban areas, and the predominance of wireless communications make it a heterogeneous network, with very dynamic characteristics, some of which are difficult to predict, and subject to scalability problems. Given these issues, one direction, considered by the scientific community, is to apply the SDN (Software Defined Network) paradigm to vehicular networks as a means of, on the one hand, enabling the hybridization and unification of control of different network access technologies and, on the other hand, taking advantage of the centralized view of the network and contextual data from the cloud to develop new control algorithms that can potentially rely on the prediction/estimation of the network state and thus anticipate certain control decisions. Therefore, this thesis is part of this framework. Its contributions aim at developing the concept of SDVN (Software Defined Vehicular Network). Four contributions are developed. The first one specifies the architecture of a hybrid SDN vehicular network capable of meeting the challenges described above. This architecture is complemented by an SDN controller placement solution. We propose a dynamic approach capable of adjusting the optimal placement of controllers according to network topology changes due to road traffic fluctuations. This work also covers the problem of global network vision that an SDN controller can build up, which is a prerequisite and the cornerstone of any network control function. To this problem, we propose amendments and extensions to the "de facto" topology discovery service designed for wired networks to adapt it to the vehicular context. As a complement to the discovery service, we also propose a topology estimation service based on Machine Learning techniques to provide network control functions with a potential vision of the future state of the network and thus open them to proactive and intelligent network control
Ahmad, Abdel Mehsen. "Techniques de transmission et d'accès sans fil dans les réseaux ad-hoc véhiculaires (VANETS)." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762633.
Full textBenaidja, Amira. "Echange d'informations en temps réel dans les réseaux de véhicules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1763&f=9560.
Full textVehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have gained considerable attention in the past few years due to their promising applications such as safety warning, transport efficiency or mobile infotainment. Avoiding accidents and traffic jams are two main immediate benefits of vehicular networks. For instance, most drivers would like to receive real-time alerts about accidents happening at a short distance in front of their vehicles since these accidents could lead to collision chains involving tens of vehicles. Also, the ability to receive an alert about a potential traffic jam would allow drivers to take alternate routes, saving both time and fuel. In both cases, warning messages should be broadcasted to all vehicles traveling over a geographical area, and need to be delivered with high reliability, low delay and low overhead. It is therefore important to develop a reliable and efficient safety information dissemination protocol in vehicular networks. Due to the vehicle mobility and lossy wireless channel, highly reliable, scalable and fast multi-hop broadcast protocol is very challenging to design. A number of solutions have been proposed in the past few years. However, the tradeoff between reliability and efficiency in such solutions needs to be carefully considered. This thesis presents an optimal protocol for the broadcast of safety messages in VANETs. Optimality, in terms of delay and transmission count, is achieved using a broadcast strategy that exploits opposite vehicles. To carry out reliable and efficient broadcast coordination, intelligent periodic rebroadcasts, which effectively adapt our protocol to sparse and dense networks, are proposed. Simulations are conducted and results are presented to show that it has a better performance over existing competing protocols. As a second contribution, we propose an alternative Receiver-Sender approach that combines advantages of the two existing dissemination approaches (Sender-oriented and Receiver-oriented to which our first proposal belongs) to ensure low latency and high reliability. The proposal can use any sender or receiver oriented protocol but the same selected one is used during all the dissemination process. In order to overcome the unreliability and broadcast overhead generated by periodic rebroadcasts and multiple relays schemes, we introduce a DR/BDR (Designated Relay/Backup Designated Relay) mechanism where the BDR has to replace the DR when detecting,from exchanged colored beacons, its failure in informing concerned vehicles
Ait, Ali Kahina. "Modélisation et étude de performances dans les réseaux VANET." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827552.
Full textBouchaala, Younes. "Gestion des messages de sécurité dans les réseaux VANET." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV101/document.
Full textQuality of Service (QoS) requirements for VANET applications vary depending on the nature and type of the application. Therefore, a communication protocol in VANETs must be able to meet various QoS requirements according to the type of traffic. In VANET, the transmission channel is shared by all the vehicles using the same radio frequency. A poor exploitation of the channel can therefore lead to collisions and wasted bandwidth. A MAC protocol must therefore be designed to share the channel between the different nodes in an efficient and fair way.In this thesis we present the following contributions:1- Analysis and improvement of diffusion in the IEEE 802.11 standard.2- Optimization of the CSMA technique for 1D and 2D networks.3- Design of an adaptive transmission algorithm that updates the Carrier Sense threshold to reach a target value.4- Study the gain obtained by the use of directional antennas for Aloha, non-slotted Aloha, and CSMA
Allani, Sabri. "Agrégation et dissémination de données dans un réseau véhiculaire VANET." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3013/document.
Full textSince the last decade, the emergence of affordable wireless devices in vehicle ad-hoc networks has been a key step towards improving road safety as well as transport efficiency. Informing vehicles about interesting safety and non-safety events is of key interest. Thus, the design of an efficient data dissemination protocol has been of paramount importance. A careful scrutiny of the pioneering vehicle-to-vehicle data dissemination approaches highlights that geocasting is the most feasible approach for VANET applications, more especially in safety applications, since safety events are of interest mainly to vehicles located within a specific area, commonly called ZOR or Zone Of Relevance, close to the event. Indeed, the most challenging issue in geocast protocols is the definition of the ZOR for a given event dissemination. In this thesis, our first contribution introduces a new geocast approach, called Data Dissemination Protocol based on Map Splitting(DPMS). The main thrust of DPMS consists of building the zones of relevance through the mining of correlations between vehicles’ trajectories and crossed regions. To do so, we rely on the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), which is a method of extracting interesting clusters from relational data. The performed experiments show that DPMS outperforms its competitors in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. In another hand, some VANET applications, e.g., Traffic Information System (TIS), require data aggregation in order to inform vehicles about road traffic conditions, which leads to reduce traffic jams and consequently CO2 emission while increasing the user comfort. Therefore, the design of an efficient aggregation protocol that combines correlated traffic information like location, speed and direction known as Floating Car Data (FCD) is a challenging issue. In this thesis, we introduce a new TIS data aggregation protocol called Smart Directional Data Aggregation (SDDA) able to decrease the network overload while obtaining high accurate information on traffic conditions for large road sections. To this end, we introduce three levels of messages filtering: (i) filtering all FCD messages before the aggregation process based on vehicle directions and road speed limitations, (ii) integrating a suppression technique in the phase of information gathering in order to eliminate the duplicate data, and (iii) aggregating the filtered FCD data and then disseminating it to other vehicles. The performed experiments show that the SDDA outperforms existing approaches in terms of effectiveness and efficiency
Hadded, Mohamed. "Design and optimization of access control protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0023/document.
Full textRoad crashes and their damages represent a serious issue and are one of the main causes of people death. In this context, Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are deployed to reduce the risk of road accident as well as to improve passengers’ comfort by allowing vehicles to exchange different kinds of data which ranges widely from road safety and traffic management to infotainment. Nowadays, safety applications are receiving a great deal of attention from researchers as well as from automobile manufacturers. In this thesis, we particularly focus on safety-critical applications, designed to provide drivers assistance in dangerous situations and to avoid accidents in highway environments. Such applications must guarantee to the vehicles access to the medium and have strict requirements regarding end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio. Therefore, our main goal is to propose new medium access control and routing protocols, which can efficiently adapt to frequent changing VANET network topologies. After a comprehensive overview of free-contention MAC protocols, we propose several solutions, based on Time Division Multiple Access Technique (TDMA). We have designed DTMAC, a fully distributed TDMA-based MAC protocol, which does not rely on an expensive infrastructure. DTMAC uses vehicles’ locations and a slot reuse concept to ensure that vehicles in adjacent areas have collision-free schedule. Using simulations, we prove that DTMAC provides a lower rate of access and merging collisions than VeMAC, a well-known TDMA based MAC protocol in VANET. Then, in order to ensure that event-driven safety messages can be sent over a long distance, we propose TRPM, a TDMA aware Routing Protocol for Multi-hop communication. Our routing scheme is based on a cross layer approach between the MAC and the routing layers, in which the intermediate vehicles are selected using TDMA scheduling information. Simulation results show that TRPM provides better performances in terms of average end-to-end delay, average number of hops and average delivery ratio. In the second part, we focus on coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms. First, we propose the Centralized TDMA based MAC protocol (CTMAC) which uses Road Side Units (RSUs) as a central coordinator to create and maintain the TDMA schedules. CTMAC implements an Access Collision Avoidance mechanism that can prevent the access collision problem occurring more than twice between the same vehicles that are trying to access the channel at the same time. Using simulation we show an improvement in terms of access and merging collisions as well as the overhead required to create and maintain the TDMA schedules compared to distributed scheduling mechanisms. However, in the CTMAC protocol, fast moving vehicles will need to compete for new slots after a short period of time when they leave their current RSU area, which makes a centralized scheduling approach very expensive. In order to further improve the performance of coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms, we focus on cluster-based TDMA MAC protocols in which some vehicles in the network are elected to coordinate the channel access, allowing the vehicles to remain connected with their channel coordinator for a longer period of time. To this end, first we propose an adaptive weighted clustering protocol, named AWCP, which is road map dependent and uses road IDs and vehicle directions to make the clusters’ structure as stable as possible. Then, we formulate the AWCP parameter tuning as a multi-objective problem and we propose an optimization tool to find the optimal parameters of AWCP to ensure its QoS. Next, we propose ASAS, an adaptive slot assignment strategy for a cluster-based TDMA MAC protocol. This strategy is based on a cross layer approach involving TDMA and AWCP. The objective is to overcome the inter-cluster interference issue in overlapping areas by taking into account vehicles’ locations and directions when the cluster head assign slots
Salem, Fatma. "Fiabilité et sécurité des systèmes embarqués communicants pour les transports : modélisation et optimisation." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0034.
Full textVehicle-to-anything (V2X) refers to an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) where the vehicles and infrastructure systems are all interconnected with each other. This connectivity provides precise knowledge of the traffic situations across the entire road network which in turn helps to enhance traffic safety, reduce congestion time, avoid economic losses, in addition to enable a variety of novel ITS applications for road safety and passenger infotainment. V2X communications is based on two technologies; Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) which is an essential technology for realizing V2X and cellular networks which provide an o_-the-shelf potential solution for V2X communications. Although the research community has achieved much great progress on V2X study, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome and some key issues that need to be further investigated. This thesis considers two of the most prominent issues; reliability and security of V2X communications. From the reliability perspective, we first propose User Model-based Method to evaluate the capacity of IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC standard to meet the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of safety messages dissemination. The novelty of the method lies in its application which avoids the problem of defining a Markovian model by determining the steady state moments of the induced delay process. This applicability feature provides important insights about IEEE 802.11p design parameters and its functionality leading to proposed reconfigurations for enhanced performance. Moreover, we propose Regenerative model, that we believe to be the first to address the problem of interconnected-traffic process characterization in large-scale hybrid V2X networks. The latter is a primary concern in achieving efficient and adequate operability for large-scale vehicular networks. From the security perspective, we introduce a new optimization methodology which ties the QoS requirements of different application classes with the basic design parameters of the contention resolution mechanism in IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol. In addition, a novel detection algorithm for jamming attacks in the vehicular environment is proposed. The algorithm utilizes the developed optimization methodology to de_ne a detection threshold. By integrating the sequential detection of change method it traces and detects jamming attacks whenever the threshold value is crossed. Analytical and simulation experimentations have been performed for each contribution to show the validity of the proposed methods/models and to prove their efficiency
Garbiso, Julian Pedro. "Fair auto-adaptive clustering for hybrid vehicular networks." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0061/document.
Full textFor the development of innovative Intelligent Transportation Systems applications, connected vehicles will frequently need to upload and download position-based information to and from servers. These vehicles will be equipped with different Radio Access Technologies (RAT), like cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technologies such as LTE and IEEE 802.11p respectively. Cellular networkscan provide internet access almost anywhere, with QoS guarantees. However, accessing these networks has an economic cost. In this thesis, a multi-hop clustering algorithm is proposed in the aim of reducing the cellular access costs by aggregating information and off-loading data in the V2V network, using the Cluster Head as a single gateway to the cellular network. For the example application of uploading aggregated Floating Car Data, simulation results show that this approach reduce cellular data consumption by more than 80% by reducing the typical redundancy of position-based data in a vehicular network. There is a threefold contribution: First, an approach that delegates the Cluster Head selection to the cellular base station in order to maximize the cluster size, thus maximizing aggregation. Secondly, a self-adaptation algorithm that dynamically changes the maximum number of hops, addressing the trade-off between cellular access reduction and V2V packet loss. Finally, the incorporation of a theory of distributive justice, for improving fairness over time regarding the distribution of the cost in which Cluster Heads have to incur, thus improving the proposal’s social acceptability. The proposed algorithms were tested via simulation, and the results show a significant reduction in cellular network usage, a successful adaptation of the number of hops to changes in the vehicular traffic density, and an improvement in fairness metrics, without affecting network performance
Benaidja, Amira. "Echange d'informations en temps réel dans les réseaux de véhicules." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB045/document.
Full textVehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have gained considerable attention in the past few years due to their promising applications such as safety warning, transport efficiency or mobile infotainment. Avoiding accidents and traffic jams are two main immediate benefits of vehicular networks. For instance, most drivers would like to receive real-time alerts about accidents happening at a short distance in front of their vehicles since these accidents could lead to collision chains involving tens of vehicles. Also, the ability to receive an alert about a potential traffic jam would allow drivers to take alternate routes, saving both time and fuel. In both cases, warning messages should be broadcasted to all vehicles traveling over a geographical area, and need to be delivered with high reliability, low delay and low overhead. It is therefore important to develop a reliable and efficient safety information dissemination protocol in vehicular networks. Due to the vehicle mobility and lossy wireless channel, highly reliable, scalable and fast multi-hop broadcast protocol is very challenging to design. A number of solutions have been proposed in the past few years. However, the tradeoff between reliability and efficiency in such solutions needs to be carefully considered. This thesis presents an optimal protocol for the broadcast of safety messages in VANETs. Optimality, in terms of delay and transmission count, is achieved using a broadcast strategy that exploits opposite vehicles. To carry out reliable and efficient broadcast coordination, intelligent periodic rebroadcasts, which effectively adapt our protocol to sparse and dense networks, are proposed. Simulations are conducted and results are presented to show that it has a better performance over existing competing protocols. As a second contribution, we propose an alternative Receiver-Sender approach that combines advantages of the two existing dissemination approaches (Sender-oriented and Receiver-oriented to which our first proposal belongs) to ensure low latency and high reliability. The proposal can use any sender or receiver oriented protocol but the same selected one is used during all the dissemination process. In order to overcome the unreliability and broadcast overhead generated by periodic rebroadcasts and multiple relays schemes, we introduce a DR/BDR (Designated Relay/Backup Designated Relay) mechanism where the BDR has to replace the DR when detecting,from exchanged colored beacons, its failure in informing concerned vehicles
Thomas, Kévin. "Communications Bluetooth pour les Systèmes de Transport Intelligents Coopératifs." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS016.
Full textThis thesis proposes a solution to transmit traffic information via Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN).Through this thesis, we propose a communication architecture that fits within the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). This architecture will use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to transmit traffic information. In addition, we have adapted the Decentralized Event Notification Message (DENM) message known from the C-ITS world to be sent in a BLE network. This adaptation provides sufficient vital information to ensure the characterization of an event. This architecture is validated by road tests.Then, we will present solutions to identify the path on which the event takes place. They must allow vehicles to know if the event is on the lane on which they are travelling. These solutions are the subject of experiments. We have selected those that give the best performance.We shall present an extended architecture proposing the extension of the coverage of our network by installing intermediate stations. These stations make it possible to consider different functionalities to be added to the architecture
Leblanc, Brice. "Analyse non supervisée de données issues de Systèmes de Transport Intelligent-Coopératif." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS014.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the context of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), and more specifically the context of Cooperative-Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS). These systems are exchanging information to enhance road safety.The purpose of this thesis is to introduce data analysis tools that may provide road operators information on the usage/state of their infrastructures. Therefore, this information may help to improve road safety. We identify two cases we want to deal with: driving profile identification and road obstacle detection.For dealing with those issues, we propose to use unsupervised learning approaches: clustering methods for driving profile identification, and concept drift detection for obstacle detection. This thesis introduces three main contributions: a methodology allowing us to transform raw C-ITS data in, first, trajectory, and then, learning data-set; the use of classical clustering methods and Points Of Interests for driving profiles with experiments on mobile device data and network logs data; and the consideration of a crowd of vehicles providing network log data as data streams and considered as input of concept drift detection algorithms to recognize road obstacles
Said, Dhaou. "Modèles et protocoles pour les interactions des véhicules électriques mobiles avec la grille." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6055.
Full textTian, Bin. "Data dissemination protocols and mobility model for VANETs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22739/document.
Full textIn the last two decades, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) were developed significantly by both academic institute and industries association, since VANETs originate from traffic safety and are also an important application of Internet of Things / Web of Things (IoT/WoT) for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Intelligent Vehicles and Smart Cities. As an essential component of VANETs, Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols face many critical challenges, in particular, because they relate to various specific applications. In this thesis, after elaborating on related knowledge of VANETs and state-of-the-art of IVC protocols, we propose a data dissemination protocol for vehicular networking, named TrAD, to disseminate efficiently warning messages from a source to vehicles in a range of interest (ROI). TrAD considers the status of road traffic and network traffic to adapt locally the strategy and the parameters of transmissions in order to optimize the global performance of IVC application. Moreover, a local vehicular cluster classification algorithm is designed to support TrAD to be performed in both highway and urban scenarios. In addition, an illustrative congestion control mechanism is used to avoid channel congestion using a distributed approach. Three state-of-the-art IVC protocols have been compared with TrAD by means of realistic simulations. The performance of all those protocols is evaluated quantitatively in various scenarios by taking into account different real road maps, trafic routes and vehicular densities. Compared with the reference protocols, TrAD gains an outstanding overall performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, number of transmissions and delay. Furthermore, TrAD also can tolerate a reasonable degree of GPS drift while achieving efficient data dissemination. In order to ensure the quality of simulations, we deeply investigated the mobility model of road traffic simulator, and then performed the bidirectionally coupled simulation in which the network simulator and the road trafic simulator can exchange information in real-time. Upon understanding of the mobility model, we obtained a chance to develop a low-cost tram simulator for the local public transportation provider, the T2C (Transports en Commun de l’agglomération Clermontoise). We attempt to design accurate mobility models from different scenarios for the specific type of tram used by T2C. Real world trials are carried out to explore the key parameters required by theoretical deduction for our mobility model. Moreover, the display GUI relies on a video stream, rather than 3D graphics, which can reduce the cost while guaranteeing the quality of service. This project was supported for two years by T2C
Li, Guang Yu. "Adaptive and Opportunistic QoS-based Routing Protocol in VANETs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112142/document.
Full textVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are able to supply scalable and cost-effective solutions for various applications such as road safety, traffic efficiency and entertainments through multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communications. However, developing multi-hop communications in VANET environments is a very challenging problem due to the rapid topology changes and frequent network disconnections, which lead to routing failure or inefficiency in traditional mobile ad hoc routing protocols. This dissertation proposes a novel class of routing protocols (AQRV, AQRV-1 and AQRV-2), which can account for specific characteristics of VANETs. Based on real-time QoS of road segment (namely connectivity probability, packet delivery ratio and delay), these three routing protocols rely on dynamic intersection-based best QoS route selection to cope with the scalability challenge in large-scale urban scenarios and meet varying requirements of a large number of applications. In order to explore the best QoS routing path, we regard the corresponding routing issue as an optimization problem, and propose an ACO-based (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm to solve it. Besides, to reduce routing exploration time and decrease network overhead, an opportunistic method is proposed to explore the network and search available routing paths in terms of local/global QoS. In addition, by taking benefit from traffic information, such as vehicle density, vehicle speed and road length, we design mathematical models to estimate real-time QoS for 1-lane and 2-lane road scenarios. The main advantages of these models are twofold: provide accurate estimations of road segments’ QoS metrics and decrease the overhead compared with the estimation method by forwarding periodic packets. Furthermore, a TI-based (Terminal Intersection) concept is proposed to make a group of communication pairs share the same back-bone best route, which is beneficial to update latest routing information, decrease overhead and reduce transmission delay. Upon best route identification, data packets forwarding process is initiated including a dynamic road segment selection at intersections based on the updated global QoS, and a simple greedy carry-and-forward scheme to relay data packets between two neighboring intersections. Finally, to further reduce signaling overhead and alleviate network congestion, the one-hop geographical forwarding is improved using a distributed receiver-based election concept and utilized in AQRV-2 routing protocol to avoid periodic Hello packets exchanges. Extensive simulations are implemented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed protocols and the accuracy of the derived mathematical QoS models. A thorough analysis showed the better performance of our routing protocols in terms of overhead, delay and packet delivery ratio compared with reference routing protocols, and investigated the effects of related influencing factors
Mejri, Mohamed Nidhal. "Securing Vehicular Networks Against Denial of Service Attacks." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD038/document.
Full textIn this thesis we interested in securing Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) against Denial of Service attacks (DoS) judged to be the most dangerous attacks to such networks. Our work can be divided into three main parts. First, we studied all the various possible existing vulnerabilities to which are exposed VANETs, we focused especially on denial of service attacks. Based on our expertise in cryptography, we explored, identified and classified the possible solutions to a wide range of VANET security breaches from a cryptographic point of view. Indeed, we showed that cryptography with its primitives and fairly powerful tools solves many VANET security problems. Our first contribution in this direction is a secure group key generation algorithm for VANET platoons. In our second contribution, we have developed two new techniques to detect denial of service attacks in VANET networks mainly characterized by the high mobility and frequent disconnections which considerably complicate the detection. Our first detection algorithm is based on the linear regression mathematical concept, fuzzy logic and three newly defined VANET appropriate metrics. In our second algorithm we define a new Shannon Entropy based metric that we introduced for the first time to detect DoS attacks in VANET. Our third contribution was devoted to the reaction against the detected attacks. For that, we used the techniques offered by game theory. We have proposed two non-cooperative reaction games in strategic and extensive forms. For both detection and reaction proposed schemes, experiments were made essentially for the greedy behavior and jamming attacks. All our proposed algorithms present the advantage of rapidity, to be executed by any node of the network and do not require any modification of the 802.11p MAC layer protocol used as a standard for VANETs. In this work, we have participated in securing VANETs, however we believe that much remains to be done. Namely, for example the study of cryptographic solutions we have conducted, allowed us to discover how the use of cryptography for VANET security is a fairly broad topic which needs to be better explored. This will be for us a very promising subject
Hasrouny, Hamssa. "Gestion de confiance et solutions de sécurité pour les réseaux véhiculaires." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0001/document.
Full textVANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) consist of vehicles capable of exchanging information by radio to improve road safety (alerts in case of accidents or in case of abnormal slowdowns, collaborative driving…) or allow internet access for passengers (collaborative networks, infotainment, etc.). Road safety messages exchanged between vehicles may be falsified or eliminated by malicious entities in order to cause accidents and endanger people life. In this thesis, we focus on defining, designing and evaluating a security solution for V2V communications in VANET, to ensure a secure communication and a good level of confidence between the different participating vehicles. Adopting a group-based model, we consider the Trustworthiness evaluation of vehicles participating in VANET and we develop a Trust Model to analyze the behavior of the vehicles in the group while preserving the privacy of the participants and maintaining low network overhead. We then propose a hierarchical and modular framework for Misbehavior Detection and Revocation Management
El, Joubari Oumaima. "Mobility and traffic models for VANETs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG018.
Full textThe ever-growing traffic congestion is becoming a serious issue that needs to be urgently addressed. The growing number of traffic accidents, the environmental footprint of transport, commercial speed of public transportation and traffic jams are few examples of the adverse consequences of congestion. This calls for an upgrade of the transport system in order to ensure road users safety and effectively enhance the transportation infrastructure. ITS have grown in importance as a promising solution to the congestion issue. These systems rely on the most advanced technologies to provide intelligent and robust safety services that seek to prevent road incident that may threaten the life of passengers. One of the most stringent requirements of these applications is an error-free and reliable transmission of data packets. VANET were designed specifically to provide a wireless communication infrastructure to allow vehicles and road equipment to exchange traffic data. The particular feature of this network is the highly dynamic mobility which results in frequent changes in the topology and density of the network. This has negative effects on the network performance which does not allow to cater safety applications requirements. In this thesis, we address specifically channel access methods for VANET that are based on TDMA method. TDMA has been proven the most suitable access technique for VANET as it allows a single node to access the channel at any time slot. However, conventional TDMA-based protocols might encounter difficulties in a dynamic networks such as access collision and unfair use of resources. Hence, a good understanding of mobility will allow the design and evaluation of channel access methods that are efficient and robust even in a mobile environment. Although faithful mobility models are found in the literature, they fail to accurately capture some aspects of vehicular mobility. The traffic behaviour is influenced by several factors such as road layout, speed limits, traffic rules and individual vehicle’s behaviour. Consequently, it is compulsory to include all these features in a mobility model for accurate results. In this context, we develop in this thesis stochastic Markov chain models based on real vehicle traces collected by RSUs using V2X communication to emulate vehicular behaviour in both urban and highway roads. The proposed models have the twofold benefit of modelling and predicting traffic. Using a direct numerical resolution technique, traffic density, waiting queue lengths, travel times and delays are predicted. The predicted traffic density is then exploited to design a Traffic-aware TDMA channel access method that aims to reduce access collisions and enhance resource utilization through mobility prediction and clustering. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a queue-based mobility simulation framework was developed using the SimEvents toolbox. The simulation framework allows the generation of synthetic measures relevant to the assessment of road network performance. The TA-TDMA MAC protocol was then implemented and compared with an existing MAC protocol called VeMAC, under different scenarios and environments. The proposed solution has shown better results than the VeMAC protocol in terms of efficiency and robustness against topological changes
Hasrouny, Hamssa. "Gestion de confiance et solutions de sécurité pour les réseaux véhiculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0001.
Full textVANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) consist of vehicles capable of exchanging information by radio to improve road safety (alerts in case of accidents or in case of abnormal slowdowns, collaborative driving…) or allow internet access for passengers (collaborative networks, infotainment, etc.). Road safety messages exchanged between vehicles may be falsified or eliminated by malicious entities in order to cause accidents and endanger people life. In this thesis, we focus on defining, designing and evaluating a security solution for V2V communications in VANET, to ensure a secure communication and a good level of confidence between the different participating vehicles. Adopting a group-based model, we consider the Trustworthiness evaluation of vehicles participating in VANET and we develop a Trust Model to analyze the behavior of the vehicles in the group while preserving the privacy of the participants and maintaining low network overhead. We then propose a hierarchical and modular framework for Misbehavior Detection and Revocation Management
Tuyisenge, Livinus. "CoVEceVé - Collecte des données Véhicule/Environnement et remontée avec réseau Cellulaire et réseau Véhiculaire. Network Architectures in Internet of Vehicles (IoV): Review, Protocols Analysis, Challenges and Issues Handover Mechanisms in Internet of vehicles (IoV): survey, Trends, Challenges, and Issues." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS023.
Full textVertical handover is one of the key technologies that will facilitate the connected and autonomous vehicles deployment. Today, the emergence of Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs): Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications, Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) has enabled new applications such as Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), real-time applications (for example, autonomous driving), road traffic management applications and comfort applications. However, these networks are characterized by a high level of mobility and dynamic change in the topology, which generates scattered networks and requires handover mechanisms for maintaining ongoing session continuity. To address this problem, we have proposed a PMIP-based Mobile Internal Vertical Handover (PMIP-MIVH) approach which takes advantage of the use of a logical interface in handling handover. To improve and extend our approach, a cross-layer and fuzzy logic-based selection method of the best available network has been also proposed. Analytical results and conducted simulation results all show that the proposed solutions overperform the existing handovers and enhance efficiently the handover management in the VANETs field
Ledy, Jonathan. "Stratégie d'adaptation de liens sur canaux radios dynamiques pour les communicationsentre véhicules - Optimisation de la qualité de service." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2318/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the optimization of communications in vehicular networks by using arealistic simulation platform. A realistic environment implies the usage of mobility modelsadapted to vehicles and also highly detailed physical models (channel models and digitaltransmission chain).The first part of our work has consisted in the design of a realistic simulation platformdedicated to VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). This platform has been completed by asemi-deterministic propagation model which we have designed. This model called UM-CRThas the advantage to have the same level of realism than a deterministic model while requiringmuch less computation time. This model has been validated by comparison with a deterministicray tracing simulator.We then have used this platform to evaluate routing protocols. The efficiency of different adhoc routing protocols in realistic conditions has led us to focus our study on the family ofreactive protocols. From this evaluation we have selected AODV (Ad hoc On demandDistance Vector) to which we have applied a cross-layer metric in order to reduce theperformance degradation caused by the realistic environment. We then have used a tuningtechnique with reactive protocols. Finally, we have evaluated several SISO and MIMOphysical layers. This work shows that only improvements combined at different levels (physicaland network) can yield a significant increase in performance
Pimenta, de Moraes Junior Hermes. "Adaptive solutions for data sharing in vehicular networks." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2417/document.
Full textIn the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITS, vehicles may have a lot of sensors (e.g. cameras, lidars, radars) and applications (collision avoidance, traffic monitoring, etc.) generating data. They represent then an important source of information. Local applications can significantly increase their effectiveness by sharing such an information within the network. Data accuracy, confidence and pertinence can be verified when receiving data from other nodes. Therefore, we believe that an important question to answer in this context is: “How to efficiently share data within such an environment?” Data sharing is a complex task in dynamic networks. Many concerns like intermittent connections, network density variation and communication spectrum congestion arise. A usual approach to handle these problems is based on periodic processes. Indeed, a message sent many times can reach its destination even with intermittent connections and low density networks. Nevertheless, within high density networks, they may lead to communication spectrum scarcity. In this thesis we address the problem of data sharing in dynamic networks by relying in so-called horizons of pertinence. A horizon is defined as an area within which an information is expected to be received. We start focusing on data sharing within direct neighbors (at 1-hop of distance). Then we propose a solution to construct a map of neighbors, centered in the ego-node, within a horizon of n-hops. Finally, we relax the horizon definition to a dynamic defined one where different data items may reach different distances (hops). Regarding the solution for 1-hop horizons, our adaptive technique takes into account nodes’ dynamics and network load. In order to ensure an effective data dissemination in different scenarios, the sending messages frequency is defined according to vehicles movements and an estimation of the network loss rate. Following, we focus on the map of neighbors up to n-hops of distance. As communicationwith distant nodes brings additional concerns (forwarding actions, larger delays, out-of-date information), a trust evaluation of identified nodes and a reliability estimation of the multi-hop path to each neighbor is added to the map. Instead of running separated disseminating processes, our third contribution deals with a cooperative strategy with the main goal of disseminating data while satisfying most of the nodes. For this purpose a unique frame is forwarded from node to node. Its payload is locally updated so that it contains the most relevant data items according to some criteria (e.g. urgency, relevance). Such a strategy defines thus a data-centered horizon. We validate our proposals by means of realistic network emulations. From all our studies and achieved results we can state that our approach brings interesting insights for data sharing in dynamic networks like VANETs
Bouali, Tarek. "Platform for efficient and secure data collection and exploitation in intelligent vehicular networks." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS003/document.
Full textNowadays, automotive area is witnessing a tremendous evolution due to the increasing growth in communication technologies, environmental sensing & perception aptitudes, and storage & processing capacities that we can find in recent vehicles. Indeed, a car is being a kind of intelligent mobile agent able to perceive its environment, sense and process data using on-board systems and interact with other vehicles or existing infrastructure. These advancements stimulate the development of several kinds of applications to enhance driving safety and efficiency and make traveling more comfortable. However, developing such advanced applications relies heavily on the quality of the data and therefore can be realized only with the help of a secure data collection and efficient data treatment and analysis. Data collection in a vehicular network has been always a real challenge due to the specific characteristics of these highly dynamic networks (frequent changing topology, vehicles speed and frequent fragmentation), which lead to opportunistic and non long lasting communications. Security, remains another weak aspect in these wireless networks since they are by nature vulnerable to various kinds of attacks aiming to falsify collected data and affect their integrity. Furthermore, collected data are not understandable by themselves and could not be interpreted and understood if directly shown to a driver or sent to other nodes in the network. They should be treated and analyzed to extract meaningful features and information to develop reliable applications. In addition, developed applications always have different requirements regarding quality of service (QoS). Several research investigations and projects have been conducted to overcome the aforementioned challenges. However, they still did not meet perfection and suffer from some weaknesses. For this reason, we focus our efforts during this thesis to develop a platform for a secure and efficient data collection and exploitation to provide vehicular network users with efficient applications to ease their travel with protected and available connectivity. Therefore, we first propose a solution to deploy an optimized number of data harvesters to collect data from an urban area. Then, we propose a new secure intersection based routing protocol to relay data to a destination in a secure manner based on a monitoring architecture able to detect and evict malicious vehicles. This protocol is after that enhanced with a new intrusion detection and prevention mechanism to decrease the vulnerability window and detect attackers before they persist their attacks using Kalman filter. In a second part of this thesis, we concentrate on the exploitation of collected data by developing an application able to calculate the most economic itinerary in a refined manner for drivers and fleet management companies. This solution is based on several information that may affect fuel consumption, which are provided by vehicles and other sources in Internet accessible via specific APIs, and targets to economize money and time. Finally, a spatio-temporal mechanism allowing to choose the best available communication medium is developed. This latter is based on fuzzy logic to assess a smooth and seamless handover, and considers collected information from the network, users and applications to preserve high quality of service
Sleem, Lama. "Design and implementation of lightweight and secure cryptographic algorithms for embedded devices." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD018.
Full textLiving in an era where new devices are astonishing considering their high capabilities, new visions and terms have emerged. Moving to smart phones, Wireless Sensor Networks, high-resolution cameras, pads and much more, has mandated the need to rethink the technological strategy that is used today. Starting from social media, where apparently everything is being exposed, moving to highly powerful surveillance cameras, in addition to real time health monitoring, it can be seen that a high amount of data is being stored in the Cloud and servers. This introduced a great challenge for their storage and transmission especially in the limited resourced platforms that are characterized by: (a) limited computing capabilities, (b) limited energy and source of power and (c) open infrastructures that transmit data over wireless unreliable networks. One of the extensively studied platforms is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks which tends to have many limitations concerning the security field. In this dissertation, we focus on improving the security of transmitted multimedia contents in different limited platforms, while preserving a high security level. Limitations of these platforms are taken into consideration while enhancing the execution time of the secure cipher. Additionally, if the proposed cipher is to be used for images, the intrinsic voluminous and complex nature of the managed images is also taken into account. In the first part, we surveyed one of the limited platforms that is interesting for many researchers, which is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. In order to pave the way for researchers to find new efficient security solutions, it is important to have one reference that can sum most of the recent works. It almost investigates every aspect in this field shedding the light over different aspects this platform possesses. Then, in order to propose any new security solution and validate its robustness and the level of randomness of the ciphered image, a simple and efficient test is proposed. This test proposes using the randomness tools, TestU01 and Practrand, in order to assure a high level of randomness. After running these tests on well known ciphers, some flaws were exposed. Proceeding to the next part, a novel proposal for enhancing the well-known ultra lightweight cipher scheme, Speck, is proposed. The main contribution of this work is to obtain a better version compared to Speck. In this proposal, 26 rounds in Speck were reduced to 7 rounds in Speck-R while enhancing the execution time by at least 50%. First, we validate that Speck-R meets the randomness tests that are previously proposed. Additionally, a dynamic substitution layer adds more security against key related attacks and highly fortifies the cipher. Speck-R was implemented on different limited arduino chips and in all cases, Speck-R was ahead of Speck. Then, in order to prove that this cipher can be used for securing images, especially in VANETS/IoV, where images can be extensively re/transmitted, several tests were exerted and results showed that Speck-R indeed possesses the high level of security desired in any trusted cipher. Extensive experiments validate our proposal from both security and performance point of views and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme against the most-known types of attacks
Mabiala, Moundele Dave Muriel. "Etudes des propriétés structurelles des réseaux ad hoc de véhicules." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112350.
Full textOur area of research is survey and analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks or VANETS. A VANET consists of vehicle capable exchanging information via a wireless network in an effort to improve road safety and provide Internet access for passengers, which is our area of interest. Compared to a classical ad hoc network, VANET is characterized by high mobility of nodes making the network topology strongly dynamic. To counter this problem, we are therefore interested in the traffic dynamics on road and problems that arise due to wireless communications. Our questions were: 1) What is the VANET network topology? 2) Is Internet access possible? 3) What is the influence of vehicle movement on routing? 4) What is the capacity and throughput available in such a wireless network? These provisions are concerned with the study of road traffic's using analytical tools and simulation. We demonstrate how the network is fragmented and characterize the probability of path existence and connection duration. The results show that the connection time is too short for example to access Web. The simulator models with microscopic road traffic has been developed to interface with NS-2, which was then used to compare two routing algorithms, DSR and GPSR, Contrary to earlier publications, our findings show that DSR is better than GPSR in all viewpoints. Finally, our simulations evaluate the available capacity. We conclude that a VANET which is purely Ad Hoc is not viable for non-safety applications and we need to use a hybrid network
Diao, Xunxing. "A resource-aware embedded commucation system for highly dynamic networks." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715649.
Full textKounga, Gina. "Strong authentification for providing secure services in ad hoc networks." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0047.
Full textEntity authentification is a precondition to provide secure services in ad hoc networks. In order to define an entity authentification solution that suits the characteristics of ad hoc networks, we do an in-depth analysis of existing authentification solutions and how they have been adapted to work in mobile ad hoc networks. This permits to identify their limitations as well as the problems that still need to be solved. We then propose a first solution that solves these remaining problems. It is improved in a second solution that additionally permits each node to manage alone its cryptographic key pairs. The authenticity of such generated public keys can be verified without accessing any third party. We finally use this improved solution to define three secured applications that first highlight how that solution can be used to fulfil various security requirements and that second permits to generate some revenues in ad hoc networks. The first application permits individuals to buy some multimedia resources in ad hoc networks. Non-repudiation is provided to guarantee that at the end of a transaction the buying node receives the resource it has bought and is able to view or play it. It is further provided to guarantee that the selling node is sure that it will be paid for having sold the resource. The second application permits vehicles to exchange anonymously some safety information and to evaluate the reliability of this information. The third application finally permits nodes to negociate and provide the access to a fixed network in a way that avoids defrauding. The performances of the improved solution, on wich these applications rely, show that it can be used on mobile device
Rivoirard, Lucas. "Modèle d'auto-organisation pour les protocoles de routage dans les réseaux ad hoc de véhicules : application à la perception élargie et à la localisation coopératives." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I041/document.
Full textAutomated driving can reduce accidents and improve the traffic flow by using communications between vehicles and dedicated infrastructures. Maintaining services when an infrastructure failed requires a routing protocol adapted to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This dissertation assumes the absence of dedicated infrastructure and global location service, each vehicle knowing its only own position. A V2V communication organization model, CBL, is proposed to create and maintain a structure that supports close exchanges between neighbouring vehicles and remote exchanges through the traffic. CBL creates a hierarchy where disjoint groups of neighbouring vehicles (leaves) are connected via a leader vehicle (branch) to a backbone (chain) formed along the road by the interconnection of the branches. CBL requires only the knowledge of the one-hop neighborhood and can be integrated into any routing protocol. The evaluations on road scenarios using IEEE-based traffic recommended on road environments in terms of size and message frequency show that CBL makes a better use of the spatial constraints due to the road. A structure is obtained that suits better in the optimisation of the broadcast traffic than the technique of multipoint relays in OLSR, but also compared to DSR, AODV and GRP protocols. Evaluations of cooperative application traffic such as ego-localization and extended perception show that CBL offers a communication service with low latency, low packet loss, according to a wanted trade-off between message frequency and performance
Tchepnda, Christian. "Authentification dans les réseaux véhiculaires opérés." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004554.
Full textCenerario, Nicolas. "Partage d’informations dans les réseaux de communication inter-véhiculaire." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b15fc5ca-0eb6-4394-bba7-f843d69afc90.
Full textThis thesis is interested in the information sharing in inter-vehicle communication networks. Today, thanks to the positioning systems and to the wireless communication capacities, vehicles can exchange data relating different kind of events (emergency brake, traffic jam, available parking spot, etc. ) in order to provide new assistance systems for the drivers. In this work, we focused on vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V). The absence of any fixed communication infrastructure and the high nodes' mobility (i. E. Vehicles) in the network raise particularly interesting problems in term of data management, for example, in term of relevance estimation in these particularly dynamic environments. In this context, our main contributions concern : the proposal of mechanisms, based on the computation of an encounter probability, allowing to estimate the relevance of information exchanged between vehicles ; mechanisms of continuous query processing in decentralized environments allowing to keep information updated ; a dissemination protocol, exploiting our encounter probability, allowing to route data to vehicles potentially interested. Our proposals were evaluated in the VESPA (Vehicular Event Sharing with a mobile Peer-to-peer Architecture) system as well as through numerous simulations
Togou, Mohammed Amine. "Enhancing infotainment applications quality of service in vehicular ad hoc networks." Thèse, Troyes, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19537.
Full textThe fact that vehicular ad hoc network accommodates two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, has opened the door for a plethora of interesting applications to thrive. Some of these applications, known as infotainment applications, focus on enhancing the passengers' experience. They have rigid requirements in terms of delivery delay and throughput. Numerous approaches have been proposed, at medium access control and routing layers, to enhance the quality of service of such applications. However, existing schemes have several shortcomings. Subsequently, the design of new and efficient approaches is vital for the proper functioning of infotainment applications. This work proposes three schemes. The first is a novel routing protocol, labeled SCRP. It leverages real-time vehicular traffic information to create backbones over road segments and connect them at intersections using bridge nodes. These nodes are responsible for collecting connectivity and delay information, which are used to select routing paths with low end-to-end delay. The second is an altruistic service channel selection scheme, labeled ASSCH. It first collects real-time service channels information and feeds it to a stochastic model that predicts the state of these channels in the near future. The least congested channels are then selected to be used. The third is an analytical model for the performance of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism that considers various factors, including the transmission opportunity (TXOP), unexploited by IEEE 802.11p.