Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseau de régulation traductionnelle'
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Pontheaux, Florian. "Activité traductionnelle et dynamique mitotique induites par la fécondation chez l’oursin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS209.
Full textFine tuning of translation for cell cycle dynamics remains an important topic in cell research. During my thesis, I analyzed the relationships between mRNA translational activity and mitotic cell division using sea urchin embryos. Egg fertilization triggers the activation of the translational machinery, which is required for resuming the first mitotic division, independently of any transcription. A Translational Regulatory Network (TlRN) remains to be identified and characterized upstream of the cell cycle actors. Seeking mitotic activities that can help visualize spatial dynamics inside isolated eggs, I obtained original data showing the spatial and dynamic activity of the mitotic complex CyclinB/CDK1 and the phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 3 (pH3T3) during embryonic mitosis. Then, I analyzed the in vivo role of specific 5’UTR for controlling the mRNA recruitment onto active polysome following fertilization. Finally, I showed that the translation of the mRNA encoding for eIF4B (eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4B) controls the translational activity and dynamics of the first two mitotic divisions induced by fertilization. I propose that eIF4B acts as a positive regulator within the TlRN. These data will allow to study the potential effect of eIF4B acting upstream the spatial dynamics of CDK1 and pH3T3 activities
Garin, Alexandre. "Régulation transcriptionnelle et traductionnelle du gène CX3CR1." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066130.
Full textFriedel, Perrine. "Régulation post traductionnelle du co-transporteur potassium-chlorure KCC2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4018.
Full textThe potassium chloride co-transporter 2, KCC2, controls the intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration in mature neurons and thus regulates the inhibitory forces of γ-amino butyrique (GABA) and glycine, the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Several neurological disorders are associated with down-regulation of KCC2 expression, resulting in hyperexcitability of neural network. The aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize the structural elements of the protein involved in the regulation of its activity under physiological and pathological conditions. I developed new approaches to record ion-transport activity and membrane expression of KCC2. These tools allowed me to characterize new structural elements regulating the functioning of the protein, namely insertion into plasma membrane, internalisation or intrinsic activity of ion-transport. Finally, we showed that two mutations (R952H and R1049C) identified in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), cause the decrease in membrane protein expression and its function of Cl-transporter in vitro. Our results change the current view on the functional role of KCC2 regions, emphasize the importance of studying membrane protein expression, together with its transporter activity, and finally, demonstrate for the first time that mutations in the KCC2 gene found in patients with EGI, may interfere with transporter function
Latrèche, Lynda. "Synthèse et régulation des sélénoprotéines humaines." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066476.
Full textForget, Antoine. "Régulation post-traductionnelle de deux inhibiteurs du cycle cellulaire p18Ink4c et p19Ink4d." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077231.
Full textThe cell cycle progression is inhibited by two families of cell cycle inhibitors: the CIP/KIP and INK4 families. The genes and proteins of those two families are frequently altered in human cancer. The expression of the CIP/KIP family can be diminished by gene deletion or by deregulation of there protein levels by the ubiquitin-proteasome System (UBS). On the other hand INK4 loss of expression seems to be only due to genetics events (deletions mutations and promoters methylation). However, the post-traductional regulation of INK4s by the UBS in human tumors has not been thoroughly studied. Among the four INK4s genes, only INK4A, INK4B and INK4C are tumour suppressors as alterations of INK4D have never been reported in human tumours. This study shows that p!8Ink4c can be poly-ubiquitinilated, confirmed p19Ink4d poly-ubiquitination and demonstrate that p18Ink4chalf life (12Hr) is greater than pl9Ink4d's (2hr). There half life is correlated with there ubiquitinilation status. The protein partners of p18Ink4c and p19Ink4d have opposite effect on there ubiquitinilation: in presence of cyclin Dl, p18Ink4c ubiquitinilation levels increases while it decreases with the Cdk4 and 6 proteins; the reverse observation is made for p19Ink4d. These results suggest that Ink4s proteins levels are specifîcally regulated by the UBS. This regulation could be implicated in tumorogenesis like it is for the CIP/KIP family
Gonzalez, Herrera Irma Gabriela. "Etude in vivo de la régulation traductionnelle de l'expression du facteur FGF-2." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30097.
Full textSarrazin, Sandrine. "Étude de l'implication du proto-oncogène FLI-1 dans les leucémies de Friend et de la régulation traductionnelle et post-traductionnelle de son expression." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10016.
Full textSultan, Islam. "La construction du réseau de régulation transcriptionnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS184/document.
Full textThis PhD project takes place in List MAPS, a Horizon 2020-funded Marie Curie Actions InnovativeTraining Network (ITN) with the goal of understandingof the ecology of Listeria monocytogenesthrough the combination of high throughput Epigenetics, Deep sequencing of transcripts, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Mathematics and Microbiology. Acentralobjective of the ITN is to decipher the mechanismsunderlying adaptation and virulence of L. monocytogenes“from farm to fork”.This PhD project (subproject9) aims to tackle the task of transcription regulatorynetwork construction. A significant part of regulationat the transcriptional level is achieved by modulationof transcription initiation rate. In bacteria, transcriptioninitiation relies on recognition of particular sequencemotif by a Sigma-factor approximately 10 bpupstream of the transcription start site (TSS) and ismodulated by the binding of transcription factors recognizingother sequence motifs located nearby. RNASeqtranscriptomics provides direct information on therepertoire of TSSs and transcription units and therebyoffers renewed perspectives to address the problemof transcription factor binding sites identification. Thegoal of this PhD project is to assess existing toolsand to develop new methods for prediction of TF bindingsites by combining expression profiles and preciseinformation on the location of the TSSs. Severalapproaches based on position weight matrix (PWM)models will be investigated to extend the classicalmixture model by relaxing the hypothesis that motifscorresponding to different TF binding sites occur independentlybetween TSS regions.In the new model,we will explicitly account for the increased probabilityof occurrence of a same motif in two promoters whentheir profiles of activity across conditions are similar. A particular attention will also be paid to the positionof the motif with respect to the TSS and the sigmafactor binding site. In parallel to the methodologicaldevelopments we will also work on the use of theseapproaches to build the transcription regulatory networkof L. monocytogenes based on data form theliterature and from the List MAPS project. Finally, wewish to use the information on the regulatory networkto tackle a particular point relevant for the List MAPSproject using a dedicated model
Costache, Vlad. "Régulation traductionnelle en réponse à la fécondation et en conditions perturbées dans l'embryon d'oursin." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706548.
Full textKirsh, Olivier. "Etude de la voie de modification post-traductionnelle SUMO : implication dans la régulation transcriptionnelle." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112170.
Full textSumoyiation is a novel post-translational modification pathway that resembles Ubiquitylation. SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) is a small 101 amino-acid protein structurally related to Ubiquitin that is covalently linked to a lysine residue side chain of a target protein. To date, about one hundred proteins, including a large number of transcription factors, are known to be modified by SUMO, yet the functions of this modification remain obscure. Very recently, three different families of SUMO E3 ligases have been described; the Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIASs) family, the nucleoporin RanBP2 and the co-repressor Polycomb2 (Pc2). To better understand the role of sumoylation in transcriptional regulation, we studied the effect of sumoylation on the transcriptional activities of two substrates, the histone deacetylase HDAC4 and mineralocorticoîd Receptor (MR). We show that in both cases, sumoylation is associated with transcriptional repression, although SUMO-mediated repression by HDAC4 and MR are driven by different molecular mechanisms that likely depend on protein's sumoylation level, the promoter context and E3 ligase (PIAS) activities. Furthermore, we show that the RanBP2 provides E3 ligase activity for the modification of HDAC4 and PIAS proteins for MR. The RanBP2 SUMO E3 ligase activity led us to propose a model whereby sumoylation and nuclear import are coupled events. At the cellular level, PML's sumoylation was shown to be determinant for nuclear bodies assembly. It was also previously demonstrated that PML over-expression in human primary fibroblasts induces premature senescence. This process is suspected to be a protection against oncogenes-induced transformation. We were interested in studying the roles of PML's sumoylation and nuclear bodies integrity during on PML-induced premature senescence. Our results indicates that neither the sumoylation of PML nor the integrity of the nuclear bodies is necessary for this process
Costache, Vlad. "Régulation traductionnelle en réponse à la fécondation et en conditions perturbées dans l’embryon d’oursin." Rennes 1, 2011. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90a59e79-f757-41e0-8873-f8286ef854ee.
Full textTranslation is a critical step in gene expression regulation. In sea urchin embryos, fertilization induces an increase in protein synthesis, which depends mainly on the translation of maternal messenger RNAs. This protein synthesis is essential for the first cell cycles. In this thesis, translational regulation in sea urchin embryos was studied in two situations: the physiological context of fertilization and the context of apoptosis induction. Initiation is one of the limiting steps of translation. In this context, the initiation factor eIF2 plays a key role. EIF2 is responsible for bringing the initiator methionine to the ribosome. When the α subunit of eIF2 is phosphorylated, global protein synthesis is inhibited and the selective translation of certain mRNAs is stimulated. In the sea urchin unfertilized eggs, eIF2α is physiologically phosphorylated and fertilization induces its dephosphorylation. By microinjecting a variant mimicking the phosphorylated state of eIF2α into the unfertilized eggs, we showed that dephosphorylation of eIF2α is required for the first mitotic division in the sea urchin. We were interested in the relationship between the phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of apoptosis in the sea urchin. Indeed, the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins pro- or anti-apoptotic directly influences cell survival. Exposing embryos to MMS, a DNA-damaging agent, causes phosphorylation of eIF2α and apoptosis activation. We found GCN2 kinase involved in the phosphorylation of eIF2α in this situation. Finally, we analyzed the translatome in response to fertilization and after exposure to MMS. We conducted deep sequencing of transcripts that are present in polysomes. Analysis of these transcripts, following annotation, will allow a better understanding of the genes regulatory network at the translational level during fertilization and the induction of apoptosis in sea urchin embryos
Beaucher, Jocelyn. "Étude in vitro de la régulation post-traductionnelle du facteur sigma F de mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5046.
Full textDelbecq, Pascal. "Etude de la régulation traductionnelle par l'arginine de l'expression du gène CPA1 chez saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212071.
Full textBlanchard, Orphée. "Régulation post-traductionnelle de p73 par les calcium calmoduline dépendantes kinases dans le système neuronal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ032/document.
Full textThe transcription factor p73 is implicated in neurodegenerativ diseases (Alzheimer disease, neuroblastoma…) by regulating cell cycle, neuronal apoptosis and differenciation.Identifying the post-translationnal modifications on p73 would allow to better understand the p73 biological functions and regulations. Bioinformatic analyses predict amongst others, three potential phosphorylation sites on p73 for the calcium-calmodulin dependant kinase 2 (CamKII), which is also implicated in cell cycle, neuronal apoptosis and differenciation. After showing the p73 phosphorylation by CamKII in vitro, we demonstrated that CamKII favors the p73 transcriptional activity and modulates the proteic expression of the p73 isoforms. The study to identify the sites implicated in these CamKII effects highlights cooperation between the sites instead of the prevalence of a specific site.. Besides this molecular approach, we also investigate the implication of this regulation in a physiologic context. Our results reveal that the neuronal death triggered by a calcic homeostasis alteration could be mediated by the p73-CamKII signalization
Akpawu, Akuvi Kafui Anna. "Étude de la régulation pré-traductionnelle de l’inclusion de motifs d’import et d’export nucléaires chez l’humain." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8377.
Full textAbstract : INTRODUCTION: Proteins have to be in the right compartment in order to perform their functions. Once synthesized in the cytosol, proteins are guided by sorting signals as they move through different subcellular compartments. Post-translational modifications play a role in the regulation and dynamic control of protein localization. Some examples in the literature show that this regulation also exist at the pre-translational level. The purpose of this research is to investigate this regulation on nuclear import and export motifs, chosen as model signals. Using bioinformatics, we characterize this pre-translational regulation then using RNA-seq data, perform a quantitative analysis on the level of motif inclusion among transcripts. METHODS: Data of the human transcriptome was put in MySQL in house. For this study, we used experimental data. Extensive manual curation was performed on nuclear import and export motifs that were experimentally validated and obtained from public databases. In order to interrogate the database and implement the algorithms, scripts in Python and PHP were used. RNA-seq data were used and analyzed in order to quantify the level of inclusion of these motifs. RESULTS: The majority of these motifs are only present in a subset of the coding isoforms of the genes. The position distribution of these motifs in the human proteome was determined. We characterized four different types of pre-translational regulation for alternative motifs. The categories a re: differential initiation and termination sites of transcription/translation, splicing (of introns/exons) and frameshift mutation. Genes have a motif inclusion index (MII) that varies among different types of tissues within the same dataset and varies as well in cancer tissues. Some genes produce isoforms with MII that are tissue-specific. CONCLUSION: Pre-translational regulation plays an important role in the inclusion of nuclear import and export motifs and the localization of proteins containing them. Quantitative analyses showing the behaviour of the motifs in different types of normal and cancer tissues were performed with RNA-seq data.
Méteignier, Louis-Valentin. "Investigation sur la régulation traductionnelle pendant la réponse immunitaire végétale induite par les protéines NB-LRR." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6706.
Full textLeiba, Jade. "Régulation post-traductionnelle des protéines via phosphorylation chez deux bactéries pathogènes : Mycobacterium tuberculosis et Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T006/document.
Full textTo overcome the stressful conditions imposed during host infections, pathogens have evolved various protective and offensive responses that could be achieved through cascades of phosphorylation. Many of the encountered external stimuli are transduced via sensor kinases embeded within the bacterial membrane, allowing the pathogen to adapt and survive in hostile environments. In addition to the classical two-component systems, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis possess eukaryotic-like Serine/Threonine Protein-Kinases (STPK). It is becoming clear that in these two human pathogens, many of the STPKs are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, division, cell wall composition, virulence, etc. Therefore, signalling through STPK phosphorylation has recently emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in pathogenic bacteria. Thus, to investigate the mechanisms of STPK-dependent regulation in M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, we identified and characterized novel endogenous phosphorylated substrates, and analyzed the impact of phosphorylation on their specific activity. Overall, the results presented herein emphasize the important role of STPK-dependent mechanisms in various metabolic pathways in these two pathogens
Lamaa-Mallak, Assala. "Rôle de la protéine de réparation de l'ADN Ku dans la régulation traductionnelle de l'ARNm p53." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30291.
Full textIncreases in p53 protein levels after DNA damage have largely been attributed to an increase in the half-life of the p53 protein. It is now well accepted that translational regulation of p53 mRNA is also critical for both repression of p53 accumulation in unstressed conditions and induction of the p53 protein in response to DNA damage. Our work focused on studying the role of DNA repair factor Ku in the regulation of P53 mRNA translation. We showed that Ku represses p53 protein synthesis and p53-mediated apoptosis by binding to a stem-loop structure within the p53 5'UTR. However, Ku-mediated translational repression is relieved after genotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism involves Ku acetylation which disrupts Ku-p53 mRNA interactions. These results suggest that Ku-mediated repression of p53 mRNA translation constitutes a novel cytoprotective mechanism linking DNA repair and mRNA translation
Bermudez, Olga. "Régulation post-transcriptionnelle et post-traductionnelle de DUSP6, une phosphatase des MAP kinases ERK 1/2." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4054.
Full textMAP kinases phosphatases (MKPs) belong to the Dual-Specificity Phophatase family (DUSP) and dephosphorylate phospho-threonine and phospho-tyrosine within MAP kinases. DUSP6/MKP-3 is a cytoplasmic phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates the MAP Kinases ERK ½. DUSP6 has an important role during animal embryogenesis, specially in the regulation of FGF signaling, and its absence leads to major phenotypic effects in Drosophila, chicken, zebrafish and mice. The expression of DUSP6 can also be regulated in some cancers: its expression is upregulated in melanoma and myeloma but downregulated in invasive stages of pancreas cancer. Given the importance of dusp6 regulation in physiological and pathological cases, I focused my attention on studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of dusp6. As the transcriptional regulation of dusp6 has been previously reported, I concentrated on dusp6 mRNA stability and the degradation of the protein DUSP6. Previous results in the lab have shown that at the protein level, DUSP6 was phosphorylated and degraded upon growth factor stimulation, in a MEK-dependent manner (Marchetti et al. , 2005). In the first part of my PhD, I studied the role of other signaling pathways in DUSP6 regulation and I showed that another pathway involved in growth factor signaling, the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, also accounts for a part of the phosphorylation and degradation of DUSP6 induced by serum growth factors (Bermudez et al. , 2008, Oncogene). However, a basal activity of MEK was required for the mTOR pathway-mediated phosphorylation to occur. Mutagenesis studies identified serine 159 within DUSP6 as the target of the mTOR pathway. The ERK phosphatase DUSP6 may thus constitute a novel branch-point of the cross-talk between two major signaling pathways induced by growth factors, the MEK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/mTOR pathway. In a second part of my work, I investigate the molecular basis of dusp6 regulation at the mRNA level. Others have shown a role for the MEK/ERK pathway in transcriptional activation of dusp6, and we confirmed that their inhibition strongly diminished the amount of dusp6 mRNA. To determine whether the stability of dusp6 mRNA could be subjected to regulation, a luciferase reporter was cloned upstream of the non coding 3’UTR of dusp6, which contains consensus sequences for various stabilization/destabilization factors. The MEK/ERK pathway was found to stabilize dusp6 mRNA. Hypoxic conditions, a hallmark of many tumors in vivo, induce a modest but reproducible increase in dusp6 mRNA levels, which is HIF1-alpha dependent. Consistent with increased dusp6 mRNA levels in hypoxia, we found that pERK levels are diminished under hypoxia in several albeit not all cancer cell lines tested. Finally, I identified two different mRNA-binding proteins, tristetraprolin (TTP) and PUM2 as factors destabilizing dusp6 mRNA. Altogether, these results indicate that the regulation of DUSP6 involves the MEK/ERK pathway at different levels, at the mRNA level as well as at the post-translation level, in a feedback loop. The study of dusp6 expression brings additional information about the complex mechanisms involved in ERK1/2 activity within the network of MAPKs, where positive and negative regulations lead to a subtle but tight control of ERK activation in space and time
Daniau, William. "TCXO Numérique à réseau de capacité programmable." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2029.
Full textSchorova, Lenka. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation synaptique de la balance sumoylation/désumoylation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4021.
Full textSumoylation is a vital eukaryotic posttranslational modification. Sumoylation occurs as an enzymatic cycle that conjugates SUMO proteins to target proteins. SUMO proteases (SENP) deconjugate SUMO from modified proteins and thus maintain balanced levels of SUMOylated and un-SUMOylated proteins required for physiological homeostasis. Neuronal synapses are protein-rich structures that underlie synaptic transmission and plasticity. Strong evidence exists that sumoylation occurs in synapses and regulates the function of synaptic proteins. Indeed, distortion of the SUMO balance has been linked to several pathologies of the synapse. Gaining a deeper understanding into the molecular mechanisms regulating the SUMO balance is a prerequisite to envisaging the development of novel therapies. In my PhD work, I used a combination of live-cell confocal imaging, protein biochemistry and pharmacological approaches to identify SENP1 regulatory mechanisms at synapses. I provided evidence that synaptic activation increases SENP1 protein levels at synapses. I showed that the increase in synaptic SENP1 upon synaptic activation is a result of two processes: Although (a) fewer SENP1 proteins enter into spines at low diffusion speed (b) a significant proportion of SENP1 becomes immobile and is retained in spines. I demonstrate that the regulatory mechanisms of SENP1 dynamics involve a direct activation of mGlu1/5 receptors. Moreover, I suggest that phosphorylation may play an important regulatory role in SENP1 synapto-dendritic diffusion. Altogether, I propose a novel mechanism driving for the SUMO balance at synapses
Gatty-Tran, Corinne. "Protéine E1 du BPV1 : auto-régulation traductionnelle et interaction avec des partenaires cellulaires impliqués dans la réplication." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5716.
Full textAracena, Julio. "Modèles mathématiques discrets associées à des systèmes biologiques : applications aux réseaux de régulation génétique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10215.
Full textAracena, Julio. "Modèles mathématiques discrets associées à des systèmes biologiques : applications aux réseaux de régulation génétique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE1A004.
Full textCasabona, Maria guillermina. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation post-traductionnelle du système de sécrétion du type VI chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949206.
Full textCasabona, Maria Guillermina. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation post-traductionnelle du système de sécrétion du type VI chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV009/document.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections and death in chronically infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It has been shown that one of its three Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), the H1-T6SS, is active during chronic infections in CF patients. P. aeruginosa injects bacteriolytic toxins directly into other Gram-negative bacteria by means of its H1-T6SS, which could be of high importance in its outcome in complex niches such as an infected lung. This trans-envelope nanomachine is posttranslationally regulated by a eukaryotic-like phosphorylation pathway, which includes a kinase-phosphatase pair, PpkA and PppA, respectively. In this work, TagT, TagS, TagR and TagQ, Pseudomonas specific T6SS proteins that are encoded in the same operon as Ppka, PppA and Fha1, were analysed functionally and biochemically. We found that these four proteins are indispensable for the activation of H1-T6SS, by acting upstream of the phosphorylation checkpoint. Moreover, they were also needed for intra- and inter-species fitness mediated by H1-T6SS. We discovered that TagR, a periplasmic protein, associates with the outer membrane (OM) of P. aeruginosa in a TagQ-dependent manner. TagQ is an OM lipoprotein that faces the periplasm. TagT and TagS form a membrane-bound complex, an ABC transporter, with ATPase activity. TagR association with the OM was discovered by shotgun mass spectrometry analyses of the OM and the inner membrane (IM) of P. aeruginosa. In this work, the IM and OM sub-proteomes of P. aeruginosa are also presented, with highlights on T6SS global assembly. Moreover, these two sub-proteomes allowed the identification of a novel envelope-associated complex with macroglobulin-like protein, MagD. The studies concerning this protein and its partners in P. aeruginosa are also presented in this manuscript
Ait, Ghezala Hayet. "La terminaison de la traduction et la régulation traductionnelle de l'activateur de la transcription ATF4 chez les mammifères." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066315.
Full textThe rate of protein synthesis is a major determinant of cell growth, proliferation through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is controlled by several signaling pathways involving protein kinases and phosphorylation cascades that target factors acting mainly in the initiation and elongation steps of the mRNA translation process. These signaling pathways, and in particular the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), adjust the rate of protein synthesis to nutrient and energy availability and to various extracellular stimuli caused by hormones, growth factors or stress. We have shown that the depletion of the translation termination factor eRF3a in human cells induces a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the mTOR pathway in eukaryotes. This depletion induces in parallel an increase in the expression of numerous genes, especially genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and genes under the control of ATF4, as REDD1 or TRIB3, known to be inhibitors of the mTOR pathway. These genes are usually expressed under stress conditions through the eIF2α pathway. We have shown that eRF3 depletion acts on the mTOR pathway through the REDD1 gene, independently of the eIF2α pathway. We have characterized a new mTOR regulation mechanism, which involves ATF4 induction
Laurent, Anne-Marie. "Régulation traductionnelle de l'expression génique cellulaire et virale après infection par le virus herpes simplex de type 1." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T043.
Full textAlberts, Jens. "Contrat et réseau, le franchisage comme exemple d'une régulation juridique hybride." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26145.pdf.
Full textSaujet, Laure. "Etude du réseau de régulation de la sporulation chez Clostridium difficile." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077269.
Full textClostridium difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacteria which is responsible for post-antibiotic diarrhea. Few data exist on cellular processes induced at the onset of stationary phase concomitantly with the synthesis of toxins and regulatory networks controlling stationary phase and sporulation. We constructed a sigH mutant to determine the role of SigH, which is an alternative sigma factor involved in the transcription of phase transition and initiation of sporulation genes in B. Subtilis. We compared the expression profiles of 630Aerm strain and the sigH mutant after 10 h of growth. In C. Difficile, SigH regulates the expression of many genes involved in motility, sporulation, cell division, virulence and metabolism. Finally, the expression of toxin genes is negatively regulated by SigH. We then studied the regulatory cascade of sporulation in C. Difficile, involving four sigma factors in B. Subtilis: SigF, SigE, SigG and SigK. We compared the expression profiles of the sigF, sigE, sigG and sigK mutants and the 6300erm strain. We defined the regulons of these sigma factors and showed that in C. Difficile, the SigE regulon is not under the strict dependence of SigF and SigG is not necessary for the SigK activity. We also analyzed the regulatory network in each compartment of the spore and studied the rote of SpoIIID and SpoVT regulators. This work showed a less strict communication between the two compartments of the spore in C. Difficile compared to B. Subtilis
Tremblay, Jessy. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle et post-traductionnelle du gène YPS1 codant pour l'endoprotéase yapsine-1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57841.pdf.
Full textCaillaud, Alexandre. "Rôle du facteur de transcription IRF-7 dans la défense cellulaire antivirale : étude des mécanismes de régulation post-traductionnelle." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077029.
Full textSoty, Maud. "Mécanismes de régulation post-traductionnelle de la glucose-6-phosphatase par l'AMPc : importance de la glucose-6-phosphate translocase." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10012.
Full textBenjamin, Julie-Anna. "Étude et modélisation des mécanismes de régulation des petits ARN régulateurs chez Escherichia coli." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5393.
Full textJbel, Mehdi. "Caractérisation in vivo du mécanisme d'action du métallorégulateur Fep1." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5807.
Full textDeschinkel, Karine. "Régulation du trafic aérien par optimisation dynamique des prix d'utilisation du réseau." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0009.
Full textTansug, Çagla. "La régulation des services publics de réseau en France et en Turquie." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010275.
Full textChampion, Magali. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'inférence de réseau de régulation de gènes." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2613/.
Full textThis manuscript intends to study a theoretical analysis and the use of statistical and optimization methods in the context of gene networks. Such networks are powerful tools to represent and analyse complex biological systems, and enable the modelling of functional relationships between elements of these systems. The first part is dedicated to the study of statistical learning methods to infer networks, from sparse linear regressions, in a high-dimensional setting, and particularly the L2-Boosting algorithms. From a theoretical point of view, some consistency results and support stability results were obtained, assuming conditions on the dimension of the problem. The second part deals with the use of L2-Boosting algorithms to learn Sobol indices in a sensitive analysis setting. The estimation of these indices is based on the decomposition of the model with functional ANOVA. The elements of this decomposition are estimated using a procedure of Hierarchical Orthogonalisation of Gram-Schmidt, devoted to build an approximation of the analytical basis, and then, a L 2 -Boosting algorithm, in order to obtain a sparse approximation of the signal. We show that the obtained estimator is consistant in a noisy setting on the approximation dictionary. The last part concerns the development of optimization methods to estimate relationships in networks. We show that the minimization of the log-likelihood can be written as an optimization problem with two components, which consists in finding the structure of the complete graph (order of variables of the nodes of the graph), and then, in making the graph sparse. We propose to use a Genetic Algorithm, adapted to the particular structure of our problem, to solve it
Le, Nguyen-Hung. "Régulation post-traductionnelle et recherche d'inhibiteurs de la protéine FadD32, essentielle à la biosynthèse des acides mycoliques chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30238.
Full textThe resurgence of tuberculosis (TB), together with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), highlights the need for new anti-TB drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Mycobacteria possess an outer membrane (also called mycomembrane), which confers to them a remarkably impermeable cell envelope. The major constituents of the mycomembrane are very long-chain fatty acids with original structures, the so-called mycolic acids (MAs). The biosynthesis of MAs is essential for mycobacterial growth and involves several key enzymes, many of which have been validated as promising anti-TB drug targets. Among them, FadD32, a Fatty-acyl AMP Ligase implicated in the last step of the biosynthesis pathway, has been characterized biochemically and its protein structure has been solved recently. However, the regulation aspect of the enzyme is still to be deciphered. The first part of the thesis focuses on the post-translational regulation by protein phosphorylation of FadD32 by eukaryotic-like Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases (STPKs). We showed that FadD32 is the substrate of several Mtb STPKs. The reversible phosphorylation negatively modulates the adenylation activity of the protein. In order to determine the impact of the post-translational regulation on MA production, we over-expressed a STPK of Mtb in M. smegmatis, a validated surrogate of Mtb. We observed a significant change in the amounts of MAs. In the second part of the thesis, we screened a chemical library against FadD32 and identified several hits that should help in the development of new anti-TB agents
Glorian-Schmitt, Valérie. "Contribution à la compréhension de la régulation de la traduction sélective des ARNm sous stress, par l'étude de la régulation traductionnelle de l'ARNm de la GTPase rhoB sous UV." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1281/.
Full textWhen confronted with genotoxic stress, a highly specific and controlled gene expression program is necessary to allow cells to adapt rapidly to environmental changes. MRNA translation, the final step of gene expression, is finely regulated. Although global protein synthesis is inhibited by different cell stresses, mRNAs encoding some stress response proteins are preferentially translated. To study stress-dependent regulation of translation, we have investigated the translational regulation of the immediate-early response gene rhoB upon UV exposure. UV-induced RhoB expression contributes to the regulation of keratinocyte cell survival after UV exposure. RhoB has also been proposed to act as a tumor suppressor and its expression is often down-regulated in several cancers. We have shown that miR-19 and HuR bind to rhoB mRNA in an interdependent manner to inhibit RhoB expression. We have identified a novel mechanism by which the rhoB mRNA evades global repression of translation upon UV exposure. This effect is not associated with UV-dependant regulation of miR-19 expression but involves the loss of the interdependent binding of HuR and miR-19 on the rhoB mRNA upon UV exposure. Thus, inhibition of rhoB mRNA translation mediated by those factors is relieved. Furthermore, we have shown that this regulation contributes to the anti-apoptotic function of RhoB. This work suggests that the regulation of translation by microRNAs and mRNA binding proteins may be determinant in several cellular processes including the response to stress
Masse, Thierry. "Régulation traductionnelle de l'expression génétique dans des cellules infectées par le virus Herpes simplex de type 1 : définition d'un modèle expérimental." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10150.
Full textLourenço-Dias, Lionel. "FGF, FGF-2 et VEGF : régulation traductionnelle in vivo et nouvelle approche de la thérapie génique de l'ischémie des membres inférieurs." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30272.
Full textGene expression of the major angiogenic factors (FGF-1, FGF-2 and VEGF-A) is controlled at the translational level by structural elements of their mRNA called IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Sites). They allow an initiation of the translation independent of the traditional cap-dependent mechanism. This study concern the regulation of IRESs activities contained in FGF-1, FGF-2 and VEGF-A mRNA. We used a model of transgenic mice in and we showed that the activity of these IRESs of cellular mRNA is finely controlled in vivo under physiopathological conditions. IRESs were used in biotechnological applications. Indeed, they are translational enhancers and they make possible to co-express several molecules from one mRNA. Our objective was to create “multicistronic” vectors to co-express, thanks to IRESs, several pro-angiogenic factors, while hoping to obtain a synergistic effect in neo-vascularization of the lower limb ischemia
Baradel, Bernard. "Un outil d'aide à la régulation du trafic sur réseau autoroutier maillé périurbain." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0113.
Full textOn peri-urban motorway network congestion problems are growing due to lack of capacities and incidents. People in charge of traffic control are concerned with system which can avoid or limit congestion and help to control such difficult situations. A methodology is described on LYON and PARIS networks in order to build traffic control systems. The software part of a system is an aid to decision tool to develop strategies using information and guidance messages on Variable Message Signs. This system, called OPERA makes use of a traffic flow simulation model for networks and a knowledge-based system which proposes VMS controls linked with detailed explanations. A mock-up has been designed and tested using real data on the northeast Paris regional motorway network on the Scottish network. Results are presented and discussed which indicate a 5% reduction in the travel tir for all journeys using the OPERA system
Fauré, Adrien. "Modélisation logique du réseau de régulation contrôlant le cycle cellulaire chez les eucaryotes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22066.pdf.
Full textDeregulation of the cell cycle can lead to important damage to the cell itself, or to the whole organism. Indeed, unrestricted proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, cell cycle control is very flexible, allowing the cell to adapt to many different external and internal signals. Response to these signals may involve profound modifications, including cell cycle arrest, or yet the possibility to “skip” one phase of the canonical cycle, as in endocycles, syncytial cycles or meiosis. In regard to the scarcity of quantitative data, we chose the logical formalism to study the cell cycle from a theoretical point of view. Moreover, the relative simplicity of this formalism allows us to rapidly build large models involving tens of components. Last but not least, this formalism comes with specific analytical tools, including the possibility to identify stable states and analyse the dynamical role of specific regulatory circuits. After an introduction to both the cell cycle and the logical formalism, I present the results obtained during my Ph. D, articulated around the articles I co-authored. The first part of my work deals with a schematic logical model of the mammalian cell cycle and the prioritisation system developed in this context. The second part deals with budding yeast and a modular approach used to extend and update a model of the core cell cycle engine with regulatory modules developed separately. Finally, the third part presents my contribution to the latest public version of the logical modelling software GINsim. In the discussion, I analyse the conservation of functional regulatory circuits in various logical models of the cell cycle in different organisms. Next I discuss perspectives of extension of the budding yeast and mammalian models open by the modular approach. Finally I consider the questions raised by my work in terms of modularity, circuit functionality and robustness
Rünneburger, Estelle. "Évolution de la canalisation génétique dans un modèle quantitatif de réseau de régulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS547/document.
Full textGenetic canalization is defined as the capacity of an organism to undergo a normal development even when the genome is altered by mutations. Currently, three main hypotheses are prone to explain the apparition of such a process: evolutionary, congruent and intrinsic. To test these hypotheses, I chose to study gene regulatory networks. To this end, I used a theoretical model, ran in silico simulations, and analyzed the genetic architecture by using quantitative genetics tools. I first studied the evolutionary behavior of the model, and its capacity to respond to stabilizing selection. In addition to the sensitivity analysis to model parameters, I evidenced the absence of mutation-selection-drift equilibrium after several thousand generations, which reveals the evolution of canalization. I also showed that networks submitted to frequent and large mutations, and/or selected toward extreme phenotypic optima are more prone to evolve genetic canalization. This result leads us to propose a two-fold mechanism able to explain the evolution of canalization in gene regulatory networks: shrinkage of mutational targets and redundancy in genetic regulation. At the end of this manuscript, I propose some possible future studies, such as the study of canalization towards environmental perturbations, and use of alternative models
Lagonotte, Patrick. "Analyse structurale des réseaux électriques : application au réglage hiérarchisé de la tension du réseau français." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0114.
Full textDelphin, Christian. "Étude des modes de régulation post-traductionnelle de l'activité de la protéine p53 : la phosphorylation de p53 par la protéine kinase C." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10202.
Full textZhou, Huide. "Concepts thermodynamiques et d'entropie pour la modélisation et la régulation d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0231/document.
Full textIn this work, we have presented a thermodynamic point of view for the transportation network. Analogies have been drawn between thermodynamic and transportation systems by considering traffic lanes as thermodynamic sub-systems and the vehicles as the abstract energy supplied to them. In addition, the concepts of thermal capacity and temperature are also introduced into transportation context to correspond to lane capacity and occupancy respectively. Then, it has been demonstrated that the first law of thermodynamics corresponds to the conservation of vehicles. It is also demonstrated that the transportation network can have a similar notion of entropy. Such transportation entropy is a measure of disorder of the system and hence may provide deep insight in the analysis of transportation control problems. In particular, this work has presented a dissipativity phenomenon of transportation entropy that reduces the system disorder and hence renders the system better organized. Though this phenomenon doesn’t exist naturally in transportation context, the ways to construct feedback control strategies have been proposed to achieve such objective by means of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). However, since transportation systems involve massive complex human activities, there exist substantial unpredictable uncertainties of the traffic demands. In this context, we have proposed a robust controller for disturbance attenuation of transportation network. The errors between input flows and the nominal ones are considered as disturbances and a constrained H∞ control has been formulated in terms of maximization of the tolerance under control constraints. The problem of disturbance attenuation is solved by means of a convex optimization with Linear Matrix Inequality. Finally, two types of networks (arterial and grid) are carried out to illustrate the performances of our strategies
Gonzalez, Laporte Christian. "La régulation des services publics en réseau : une vision organisationnelle : le cas de l'Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications (ART) et de la Commission de Régulation de l'Energie (CRE)." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21017.
Full textThe main topic of this research is to analyse the genesis of the independent regulatory agencies in the French public utilities network in the two most opened sectors : telecommunications and electricity. Concretely, this means clarifying the process of the institutional design of the Telecommunications Authority (ART) and the Energy Commission (CRE). Our interest is linked to a particular point : while most of these agencies are presented as a response to European directives, those institutions vary according to country, sector and period. In the French case, many public reports show the problem of insertion of theses independent agencies in the political and administrative structures. One can ask : why do politicians and legislators choose to change the public policy of regulation that installs those kinds of regulators in both sectors at a specific moment ? This question is relevant as European directives do not force nation states to install independent regulators. Our affirmation is that the creation of the ART and the CRE is the result of an important change in the organisation of the services markets, but also, it's the result of an institutional co-construction assured basically by the principle actors and instances linked to the interests of the publics enterprises, France Télécom and EDF. Those interests are strongly driven by the international competition
Pasternak, Cécile. "Le gène de la thiorédoxine de rhodobacter sphaeroides : sa régulation et sa fonction." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD732.
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