Academic literature on the topic 'Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Hong, Rui, Chenglang Xiang, Hui Liu, Adam Glowacz, and Wei Pan. "Visualizing the Knowledge Structure and Research Evolution of Infrared Detection Technology Studies." Information 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10070227.
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This paper aims to explore the current status, research trends and hotspots related to the field of infrared detection technology through bibliometric analysis and visualization techniques based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles published between 1990 and 2018 using the VOSviewer and Citespace software tools. Based on our analysis, we first present the spatiotemporal distribution of the literature related to infrared detection technology, including annual publications, origin country/region, main research organization, and source publications. Then, we report the main subject categories involved in infrared detection technology. Furthermore, we adopt literature cocitation, author cocitation, keyword co-occurrence and timeline visualization analyses to visually explore the research fronts and trends, and present the evolution of infrared detection technology research. The results show that China, the USA and Italy are the three most active countries in infrared detection technology research and that the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has the largest number of publications among related organizations. The most prominent research hotspots in the past five years are vibration thermal imaging, pulse thermal imaging, photonic crystals, skin temperature, remote sensing technology, and detection of delamination defects in concrete. The trend of future research on infrared detection technology is from qualitative to quantitative research development, engineering application research and infrared detection technology combined with other detection techniques. The proposed approach based on the scientific knowledge graph analysis can be used to establish reference information and a research basis for application and development of methods in the domain of infrared detection technology studies.
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Tang, Liu, Shwu Jen Chang, Ching-Jung Chen, and Jen-Tsai Liu. "Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 6925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236925.
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In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
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Longo, Giuseppe O. "Communication, Technology, and the Planetary Creature." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i1.129.
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Man and technology are inseparable: man produces technology, but the latter contributes to the continuous transformation of man. Today biological evolution based on random genetic mutations is largely exceeded by cultural (more specifically, technological) evolution, which is much faster due to the presence of Lamarckian inheritance mechanisms (imitation, learning and the like). This has two important consequences: 1) the formation of Homo technologicus, a symbiotic creature where biology meets technology intimately and is subject to a continuous transformation; and 2) the formation of a sort of Planetary Creature that originates from the interconnection of the individual man-machine symbionts and is heralded by the Internet and by the communication activities occurring in the Internet, in particular those taking place in the so-called social networks. The Planetary Creature is a single world-wide structure where important communication and cognitive processes occur, developing into a sort of connective intelligence that tends to absorb individual intelligences. This encroaching process can produce resistance and dissent as well as suffering, but can also enhance individual abilities. Actually, the growing efficiency and the decreasing costs of the communication mediated by technology offer unprecedented opportunities for augmenting knowledge and creativity and for eliciting novel forms of intellectual activity. On the other hand there might be negative consequences such as addiction to computers and virtuality, delegation of activities and abilities to machines, vulnerability of complex systems, undue control on individuals and economic exploitation. Some important consequences of these developments are examined concerning the body, the time and space categories, and in particular the identity concept. This text is the keynote address of Guiseppe O. Longo at the 9th International Conference on Sociocybernetics, organised by the Research Committee 51 of the International Sociological Association (ISA) in Urbino, 29 June - 5 July 2009. The theme of the conference was: `Modernity 2.0 - Emerging Social Media Technologies and Their Impacts´. Longo presents here the perspective of engineering science towards sociological issues. He has published several books on that topic, so far in Italian language only. Though some of his statements in the text don't seem well-founded to sociological readers or may be deemed highly speculative, we decided to make his ideas accessible to the non- Italian world. We think they are worth discussing. Wolfgang Hofkirchner
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Longo, Giuseppe O. "Communication, Technology, and the Planetary Creature." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss1pp18-27.
Full textAbstract:
Man and technology are inseparable: man produces technology, but the latter contributes to the continuous transformation of man. Today biological evolution based on random genetic mutations is largely exceeded by cultural (more specifically, technological) evolution, which is much faster due to the presence of Lamarckian inheritance mechanisms (imitation, learning and the like). This has two important consequences: 1) the formation of Homo technologicus, a symbiotic creature where biology meets technology intimately and is subject to a continuous transformation; and 2) the formation of a sort of Planetary Creature that originates from the interconnection of the individual man-machine symbionts and is heralded by the Internet and by the communication activities occurring in the Internet, in particular those taking place in the so-called social networks. The Planetary Creature is a single world-wide structure where important communication and cognitive processes occur, developing into a sort of connective intelligence that tends to absorb individual intelligences. This encroaching process can produce resistance and dissent as well as suffering, but can also enhance individual abilities. Actually, the growing efficiency and the decreasing costs of the communication mediated by technology offer unprecedented opportunities for augmenting knowledge and creativity and for eliciting novel forms of intellectual activity. On the other hand there might be negative consequences such as addiction to computers and virtuality, delegation of activities and abilities to machines, vulnerability of complex systems, undue control on individuals and economic exploitation. Some important consequences of these developments are examined concerning the body, the time and space categories, and in particular the identity concept. This text is the keynote address of Guiseppe O. Longo at the 9th International Conference on Sociocybernetics, organised by the Research Committee 51 of the International Sociological Association (ISA) in Urbino, 29 June - 5 July 2009. The theme of the conference was: `Modernity 2.0 - Emerging Social Media Technologies and Their Impacts´. Longo presents here the perspective of engineering science towards sociological issues. He has published several books on that topic, so far in Italian language only. Though some of his statements in the text don't seem well-founded to sociological readers or may be deemed highly speculative, we decided to make his ideas accessible to the non- Italian world. We think they are worth discussing. Wolfgang Hofkirchner
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Belfrage, Sara. "Without Informed Consent." International Journal of Technoethics 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2011070104.
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The requirement of always obtaining participants’ informed consent in research with human subjects cannot always be met, for a variety of reasons. This paper describes and categorises research situations where informed consent is unobtainable. Some of these kinds of situations, common in biomedicine and psychology, have been previously discussed, whereas others, for example, those more prevalent in infrastructure research, introduce new perspectives. The advancement of new technology may lead to an increase in research of these kinds. The paper also provides a review of methods intended to compensate for lack of consent, and their applicability and usefulness for the different categories of situations are discussed. The aim of this is to provide insights into one important aspect of the question of permitting research without informed consent, namely, how well that which informed consent is meant to safeguard can be achieved by other means.
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Ma. Ronavie M. Ternida. "Technology competency map of the teachers in the new normal." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.2.0172.
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Background: Technology can help the constructivist learning process by making abstract concepts and facts more grounded in personal experiences and the values of learners and also by allowing the learning experience to be differentiated for individual learners (e.g., through personalized developmentally-appropriate software). Aim: The paper would like to find out the technology skills of students amidst pandemic. Methods: The study used descriptive research design. Descriptive design is suitable wherever the subjects vary among themselves and one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions and situations are obtained among these subjects. The method of gathering data is a survey questionnaire which is a product of a thorough reading of related literature and studies. After the construction, the questionnaire was validated by the experts. Conclusion: The highest rating among the indicators of technology skills were the items “Take digital pictures and download them to my computer.” and “Upload video, PowerPoint and other outputs for presentation or sharing.” All categories – age, length of service, and educational attainment have significant differences in their mean responses, thus, these groupings have influenced the ratings of teacher-respondents on their technology skills.
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Musa, Hastuty, R. Rusli, Ilhamsyah, and A. Yuliana. "Analysis of Student Errors in Solving Mathematics Problems Based on Watson's Criteria on the Subject of Two Variable Linear Equation System (SPLDV)." EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation 1, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline572.
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The purpose of the study was to describe the types of student errors and the factors that caused students to make mistakes in solving a two-variable system of linear equations based on Watson's criteria for class VIII MTs Pattuku. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII MTs Pattuku then chose 3 subjects to be interviewed who had the most types of errors based on Watson's criteria. The research instrument used was a diagnostic test consisting of 3 questions about a two-variable linear equation system and interview guidelines. From the results of this study, it shows that there are no students who make mistakes in missing data (committed data) and indirect manipulation (undirected manipulation). 16% made incorrect data errors (innapropriate data), 40% made incorrect procedural errors (innapropriate procedure), 68% made an omitted conclusion error, 24% made a response level conflict error, 36% made mistakes in the skill hierarchy problem, and 48% made mistakes other than the 7 categories above (above other).
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Cawley, Peter. "Structural health monitoring: Closing the gap between research and industrial deployment." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 5 (January 29, 2018): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717750047.
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There has been a large volume of research on structural health monitoring since the 1970s but this research effort has yielded relatively few routine industrial applications. Structural health monitoring can include applications on very different structures with very different requirements; this article splits the subject into four broad categories: rotating machine condition monitoring, global monitoring of large structures (structural identification), large area monitoring where the area covered is part of a larger structure, and local monitoring. The capabilities and potential applications of techniques in each category are discussed. Condition monitoring of rotating machine components is very different to the other categories since it is not strictly concerned with structural health. However, it is often linked with structural health monitoring and is a relatively mature field with many routine applications, so useful lessons can be read across to mainstream structural health monitoring where there are many fewer industrial applications. Reasons for the slow transfer from research to practical application of structural health monitoring include lack of attention to the business case for monitoring, insufficient attention to how the large data flows will be handled and the lack of performance validation on real structures in industrial environments. These issues are discussed and ways forward proposed; it is concluded that given better focused research and development considering the key factors identified here, structural health monitoring has the potential to follow the path of rotating machine condition monitoring and become a widely deployed technology.
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Silva, Sheila Serafim Da, Paulo Roberto Feldmann, Renata Giovinazzo Spers, and Martha Delphino Bambini. "Analysis of the process of technology transfer in public research institutions." Innovation & Management Review 16, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-05-2018-0024.
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Purpose Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), owned by the Brazilian Government, is one of the most efficient agencies for promoting sustainable tropical agriculture in the world. However, although information is available, farmers do not always put the technologies and knowledge into practice. There is a large difference between the average productivity of farmers and crop or herd potential. Thus, this paper aims to describe and analyze the process of technology transfer of the Embrapa Agrobiology Unit. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed the classical and diffusionist models of technology transfer (TT) in Brazilian agriculture and the role of the government in innovation. This was based on documentary research and structured interviews with four employees, supported by a structured roadmap composed of four categories for analysis: the role of TT; the organizational structure of the area; the TT strategies; and the ways of delivery, methods and tools of TT. By a qualitative approach, the results were treated through content analysis. Findings The results indicated that the area of TT at Embrapa went through a recent restructuring, which included the interchange and collective construction of knowledge (ICC) in its TT process, to turn entrepreneurship into reality. The company is dedicated to bringing knowledge to the most important people: farmers. This has been done through a participatory TT model, which has involved multiplier agents from the research stage to the transfer stage. Research limitations/implications Some limitations were found, among them, the fact that only internal members of Embrapa were interviewed, limiting the view of the TTICC staff and without knowing the multiplier agents’ opinion and other actors involved in the process. In addition, it is a qualitative research that is subject to the interpretation of the researcher. Practical implications This study contributed to reflections about the TT process and how it can be used by different actors, along with the role of the State in innovation. Social implications In addition to contributing to the development of products, processes and technologies for the economic, social and environmental development of Brazil, Embrapa has been outstanding in generating knowledge for the advancement of science. Its results have had impacts not only nationally but also worldwide. Embrapa has played a key role in Brazilian agriculture as well as in livestock, mainly, in supporting governmental projects and in the implementation of public policies. Originality/value The aim of this study was achieved, as there was a possibility of describing and analyzing the technology transfer process at Embrapa Agrobiology Unit, located in the city of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that Embrapa has been committed to involving the farmer in the process of interchange, collective construction of knowledge and technology transfer. The farmer has become the focus of this process, reducing the development of “shelf” researches and increasing the participation of the farmer or of the multiplier agent. The importance of studying and knowing the process of technology and knowledge transfer to the public of interest should be highlighted, and especially the reasons why this technology or knowledge are often not adopted by the public. It was possible to identify that Embrapa has noticed the difficulties of farmers and realized that the best way the best way of transforming technological solutions and knowledge into innovation is by involving the farmer in the process of construction and of transfer. Thus, the farmer gives greater credibility to the technology or generated knowledge because this is something that he himself helped build. In the sphere of contemporary institutional knowledge management, Embrapa has had as its main point of departure the demand and the needs of society. For this, it has created means to ensure the participation of different actors because they signal the construction of technological solutions and of innovation and they are the ones who know the real situation. However, this is a recent progress within Embrapa that has evolved and generated results. Thus, research, science and technology institutions must go beyond technology transfer and must ensure the involvement, participation and interaction of the public of interest to promote significant change, social, economic and environmental development and transformation. Embrapa observed this from the referential framework that included technology transfer, interchange and the collective construction of knowledge.
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Tushko, Klavdiia, and Serhiy Sovva. "METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING THE STUDY-TECHNOLOGY DISCIPLINE TO FUTURE BORDER OFFICERS." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.419-422.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of the methodology of teaching the course «Start-up-technology» to future border guards. Applied research methods: search and bibliographic (for systematization and organization of the source base; system and subject analysis (to clarify the content of scientific and pedagogical concepts and categories in accordance with the research problem); analysis of scientific and methodological literature, dictionary and reference literature). The article highlights the specifics of the methodology of teaching the discipline «Start-up Technology» to future border guards. The authors touched upon the problems of the quality of higher education in Ukraine, and in particular higher military education. A number of scientific works on the research problem are analysed: publications, monographs, and dissertations. The essence of the methodology of teaching «Start-up-technologies» the authors revealed on the example of the specialty «Telecommunications and Radio Engineering» at the Border Academy. The main features of the methodology are: construction of the working program of the prescribed discipline, taking into account the content of the professional activities of border guards; the distribution of classroom hours was carried out in such a way that most of them provided practical training for future border guards. Approximately 26 teaching hours out of 46 classroom classes are practical classes, the rest are lectures and seminars; a wide range of pedagogical technologies was used during practical and seminar classes with future border guards: from interactive conversations to collaborative technologies; ensuring interdisciplinary communication, as «Start-up technologies» are related to the disciplines «Philosophy», «Political and economic systems», «Project management» and others; use of managerial potential of academic discipline, in order to form the ability to make decisions and awareness of responsibility for these decisions; formation of a new style of thinking, demonstrated by the owners of start-ups around the world; expanding the worldview of border cadets; ensuring the education of future border officers, in particular such qualities as tolerance, restraint, etc.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Mertoli, Patrizia. "Studio della fotoossidazione in nanocompositi polimero/argilla." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/204.
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Al fine di ottenere informazioni sulla suscettibilita' dei nanocompositi polimero-argilla alla fotodegradazione sono stati preparati, mediante polimerizzazione radicalica in situ, dei nanocompositi polistirene/montmorillonite (PS/MMTYx). Per facilitare la formazione di strutture esfoliate la montmorillonite e' stata modificata sostituendo i cationi inorganici con cationi dell'imidazolo. A tal proposito, oltre ai surfactanti dell'imidazolo (C12, C16, C18) gia' noti in letteratura, sono stati preparati dei nuovi cationi con una struttura di base vinilimidazolica nei quali sull'azoto in posizione 3 sono legate catene alchiliche a 20 e 22 atomi di carbonio. Altri nuovi cationi sono stati sintetizzati a partire da 1-metilimidazolo e da 1-decil-2-metil-imidazolo introducendo in posizione 3 catene alchiliche rispettivamente a 12, 16, 18, 20 e 22 atomi di carbonio.
Per alcuni nanocompositi PS/MMTCx e' stato valutato il grado di esfoliazione mediante diffrazione ai raggi X, microscopia a trasmissione elettronica (TEM) e microscopia a scansione elettronica (SEM). I risultati indicano che il grado di dispersione delle lamelle di argilla nella matrice polimerica aumenta in funzione della lunghezza della catena alchilica.
Il grado di esfoliazione e' stato anche valutato attraverso studi di degradazione termica condotti in ambiente sia inerte che ossidativo. Per questa via sono state determinate le temperature iniziali di decomposizione e le energie di attivazione apparenti di degradazione. I risultati indicano che i nanocompositi sono termicamente piu' stabili del polistirene e confermano un incremento del grado d'esfoliazione in funzione della lunghezza della catena alchilica del surfactante, associata con l'aumento della stabilita' termica. Sono state inoltre trovate relazioni con le proprieta' reologiche (frequenza di crossover) collegate al grado di esfoliazione dei campioni.
I campioni sono stati sottoposti ad un invecchiamento accelerato e l'evoluzione del processo fotoossidativo e' stato seguito mediante spettroscopia infrarossa (FT-IR). La velocita' di fotoossidazione dei campioni PS/o-MMT e del microcomposito e' stata piu' alta rispetto a quella del polimero vergine.
I risultati suggeriscono che la maggiore fotodegradazione dei nanocompositi e' da mettere in relazione al grado d'esfoliazione ed alla stabilita' dei surfactanti. Aumentando il grado di esfoliazione, aumentano le interazioni polimero/siti catalitici sulla superficie delle lamelle di argilla, ma contemporaneamente si registra un aumento di interazioni tra le catene polimeriche e le molecole del surfactante. Per questo motivo sono stati preparati e studiati copolimeri PS/Cx, miscele PS/Nx, PS/N10Nx e miscele di polistirene con ODTA e nanosilice. I risultati hanno confermato che i surfactanti, indipendentemente dalla lunghezza della catena alchilica, e la nanosilice, a causa dei gruppi silanolici presenti sulla sua superificie, determinano una diminuzione della stabilita' fotoossidativa della matrice polistirenica. Tra le miscele preparate, quelle contenenti derivati dell'1-metilimidazolo sono le piu' stabili. Questi campioni si fotoossidano piu' rapidamente del PS ma con una cinetica piu' lenta rispetto ai PS/Cx ed ai PS/N10Nx. Il confronto tra le cinetiche di fotodegradazione dei nanocompositi PS/MMTCx, PS/MMT/N10Nx e PS/MMT/Nx ha mostrato che i nanocompositi PS/MMT/Cx e PS/MMT/N10Nx sono molto suscettibili all'irraggiamento ultravioletto. I campioni PS/MMT/Nx hanno le cinetiche piu' lente tra tutti i nanocompositi studiati.In order to draw information on the polymer-clay nanocomposite enhanced susceptibility to photodegradation, polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared via in situ bulk polymerization (PSMMTYx). To make easier to obtain exfoliated structures, montmorillonite has been treated with imidazolium salts to substitute the inorganic cations present among clay layers with imidazolium cations. The treatment has been carried out using, besides imidazolium surfactans (C12, C16, C18) already known in literature, some new cations based on the structure of 1-vinylimidazole in which, bonded to nitrogen in position 3, alkyl chain with 20 and 22 carbon atoms are present. Other new cations have been synthesized from 1-methylimidazole and from 1-decyl-2- methylimidazole bonding to nitrogen in position 3 alkyl chains carrying 12, 16, 18, 20 and 22 carbond atoms, respectively. The nanodispersion of the clay in the polystyrene matrix has been evaluated for some nanocomposites by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results show that the exfoliation degree of the clay platelets in the polymer matrix grows as a function of the alkyl chain length. The exfoliation degree has been also evaluated through thermal degradation studies carried out in inert and oxidative atmosphere. Through these studies initial decomposition temperatures and apparent activation energy of degradation have been determined. The results indicate that nanocomposites are more thermally stable than polystyrene and confirm an increase of exfoliation degree and thermal stability proportional to the surfactant alkyl chain length. Moreover correlations among exfoliation degree and rheological properties (crossover frequency) have been found. The samples have been subjected to accelerated UV aging and the evolution of the photooxidation process has been followed by Infrared Spectroscopy. The photooxidation rate of PS/o-MMT and microcomposite samples was higher than pristine polystyrene. The results suggest that the higher photodegradation rate of nanocomposite is correlated to the exfoliation degree and to the surfactant stability. Increasing the exfoliation degree, the interactions among the polymer and the catalytic sites on the clay platelet surface increase, but simultaneously the interactions among the polymer and the surfactant molecules increase too. For this reason PS/Cx copolymers, and PS/Nx, PS/N10Nx, PS/ODTA e PS/nanosilica blends have been prepared and studied. The results confirmed that surfactants, independently from the alkyl chain length, and nanosilica, through silanol groups on the surface, produce a decrease of the polystyrene matrix photooxidation stability. Among the prepared blends, the ones having cations deriving from 1-methylimidazole show the higher stability. These blends photodegrate faster than polystyrene, but with a rate slower than PS/Cx and PS/N10Nx. The comparison of photodegradation rates of PS/MMT/Cx, PS/MMT/N10Nx and PS/MMT/Nx nanocomposites showed that PS/MMT/Cx, PS/MMT/N10Nx were very susceptible to UV irradiation, while samples PS/MMT/Nx showed degradation rates slower than the ones of all the nanocomposites studied.
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Schembri, Florinda. "Experimental study for the control of two-phase microfluidic flows." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/366.
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Microfluidic systems can be considered as nonlinear dynamical systems. In the perspective of control systems toward the development of highly integrated and portable Lab on a Chip systems (LOC), is of primary importance the identification of the nonlinear processes involved in such phenomena.
The main aims achieved in this PhD thesis are: the identification of input-output relation maps for the two-phase flow patterns, the design of innovative PDMS micro-optical systems for microfluidics' monitoring, the parameters estimation of a mathematical model by means of synchronization of two dynamical systems.
These experimental studies open the way for the control of two-phase microfluidic flows through signal processing.
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Carollo, Alessandro. "Il ruolo delle politiche marittime nello sviluppo delle regioni costiere. Ipotesi di riequilibrio del sistema portuale siciliano." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/130.
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La tesi analizza le politiche marittime per indagare il ruolo dei sistemi portuali nello sviluppo locale delle regioni costiere e nella sostenibilita' del rapporto tra spazio marittimo e territori interni.
Pertanto la ricerca si propone di perseguire un duplice obiettivo:
- Analizzare il ruolo attivo delle politiche marittime e delle infrastrutture portuali nelle strategie di riequilibrio territoriale.
- Valutare l'efficacia nel contesto locale delle politiche di sviluppo portuale promosse a livello europeo e nazionale.
Ricostruendo il quadro delle politiche marittime individuate a livello sovralocale, l'indagine si concentra sul caso regionale siciliano per verificare la sostenibilita' delle strategie attuate in un contesto locale rispetto alla rivoluzione globale dei trasporti marittimi e della portualita'.The thesis analyzes maritime policies to investigate the role of the port systems in local development of coastal regions and in the sustainability of the relationship between inner regions and maritime space. Thus the research objectives are the following: - To analyze the active role of ports and maritime policies in the regional development strategies. - To evaluate the effectiveness in the local context of port development policies promoted at European and national level. After reconstructing the maritime policy framework, the thesis focuses on the Sicilian case in order to assess the sustainability of strategies in a regional context. Finally the research compares local strategies to the global scenario in maritime transport and port facilities.
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Mier, Quiroga Miroslava de los Ángeles. "Caracterización de la materia orgánica disuelta de dos tratamientos biológicos (anaerobio y aerobio) con índices espectroscópicos." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/112013.
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Tesis de Doctorado en Ciencias del Agua de la Miroslava de los Ángeles Mier QuirogaLa materia orgánica disuelta (MOD) ha sido ampliamente estudiada en el suelo, las aguas naturales y los sistemas de potabilización; sin embargo, debido a la complejidad de su composición ha sido un reto estudiar la MOD en los efluentes de los sistemas de tratamiento biológico. Teniendo en cuenta el impacto que los parámetros operativos pueden tener en las características de la MOD, el objetivo de este estudio fue a) evaluar la influencia de cinco tiempos de retención hidráulica (TRH) (19, 15, 13, 10 y 8 h) en la cantidad y calidad de la MOD, y en el rendimiento de un reactor de flujo ascendente (UASB, por sus siglas en inglés) a escala piloto, b) evaluar la influencia de cuatro tiempos de retención celular (TRC) (5, 10, 14 y 22 d) en la cantidad y calidad de la MOD y en el rendimiento de un reactor batch secuencial de lodos activados (SBR-LA) y, c) comparar las características y diferencias de la MOD del efluente de ambos reactores. El efecto del TRH y el TRC (sobre el reactor UASB y el reactor SBR-LA, respectivamente) sobre la cantidad y la calidad de la MOD se evaluó con la demanda química de oxígeno soluble (DQOs) y con análisis espectrométricos, respectivamente. La calidad de la MOD se analizó mediante espectroscopia de fluorescencia (matriz de excitación-emisión (EEM)) y cuatro índices espectrométricos de materia orgánica: Absorbancia ultravioleta específica (SUVA254), índice de humificación (HIX), índice biológico (BIX) e integración regional de fluorescencia (FRI). Tanto el TRH y el TRC afectaron tanto a la cantidad como a la calidad de la MOD. La eficiencia de remoción de DQOs fue superior al 90 % independientemente de los TRH y el TRC (para el reactor UASB y el SBR-LA, respectivamente) al que se operó en cada periodo experimental. El análisis visual de las EEMs de los efluentes de ambos reactores mostró tres picos de tipo proteico: los picos A y B, atribuido al triptófano, y el pico F, atribuido a la tirosina. Sin embargo el pico F se mostró en forma de hombro en los efluentes del SBR-LA, mientras que en el reactor UASB se presentó como pico. Los picos A y B se han atribuido en la literatura a la presencia o producción de productos microbianos solubles aeróbicos (SMP), mientras que el pico F no se ha reportado en los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales aeróbicas, sin embargo, estuvo presente en todos los EEMs de este estudio. Dos picos de tipo húmico (C y D) también se presentaron en las EEMs de los efluentes, que se atribuyeron a los SMP generados dentro de los reactores. Un tercer pico de sustancia húmica (pico E) se presentó en todos los efluentes del SBR-LA, mientras que en el reactor UASB se presentó solo en los periodos experimentales de mayor TRH (15 y 19 h). SUVA254 y HIX mostraron ser índices adecuados para eterminar la humificación de la MOD en los efluentes de ambos reactores. Por medio estos índices, se encontró que en ambos reactores se incrementó la humificación de la MOD al incrementar el TRC y el TRH (en el SBR-LA y en el reactor UASB, respectivamente.
Proyecto SIEA 6238/2020CIB
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Messina, Giuseppe. "Advanced Techniques for Image Analysis and Enhancement." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/190.
Full textAbstract:
The research activities, described in this thesis, have been mainly focused on images analysis and quality enhancement. Specifically the research regards the study and development of algorithms for color interpolation, contrast enhancement and red-eye removal, which have been exclusively oriented to mobile devices. Furthermore an images analysis for forgeries identification and image enhancement, usually directed by investigators (Forensic Image Processing) has been conducted. The thesis is organized in three main parts: Image Processing for Embedded Devices; Image Analysis and Enhancement; Forensics Image Processing.Le attivita' di ricerca, descritte in questa tesi, sono state principalmente focalizzate sull'analisi delle immagini ed il miglioramento della qualita'. In particolare la ricerca riguarda lo studio e lo sviluppo di algoritmi di interpolazione del colore, miglioramento del contrasto e rimozione degli occhi rossi, che sono stati esclusivamente sviluppati per l'utilizzo su dispositivi "mobile". Inoltre e' stata documentata un analisi delle immagini per l'identificazione dei falsi e per il miglioramento della qualita' immagini, a fini investigativi (Forensics Image Processing). La tesi e' organizzata in tre parti: Image Processing for Embedded Devices; Image Analysis and Enhancement; Forensics Image Processing.
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MANZO, CRUZ FRANCISCO, and HERNÁNDEZ LUIS ARZATE. "Sistema de Semáforos Inteligentes para el Control de Tráfico Vehicular." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99060.
Full textAbstract:
Mediante del diseño y la programación se logró desarrollar un sistema de semáforos inteligentes con procesamiento y algoritmos aplicados a secuencias de imágenes que controla el funcionamiento de los semáforos simulando la inteligencia humana. Este desarrollo brinda la oportunidad de conjugar la tecnología con servicios para la sociedad.Actualmente, el congestionamiento de tráfico vehicular es un problema que afecta directamente a los diferentes sectores de la población específicamente con pérdida de tiempo, obstrucción de avenidas por largas filas, acumulación de vehículos e incapacidad para definir la duración de viajes. En los últimos años los sistemas inteligentes han adquirido una gran trascendencia en el uso de tecnologías para la solución de problemas en zonas urbanas. Con ayuda de un sistema de semáforos inteligentes para el control de tráfico se puede disminuir considerablemente el congestionamiento en las intersecciones de avenidas que presentan una mayor afluencia vehicular. El desarrollo de un sistema de semáforos inteligentes para el control de tráfico vehicular es posible mediante la implementación de tecnologías que involucran técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes y visión artificial. Tecnologías de uso libre que permiten un desarrollo a bajo costo como “Python” (Lenguaje de programación) y librerías como “OPEN CV”. Las técnicas de visión artificial simulan la observación de los seres humanos.
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Hernández, Arias Miguel Angel, and Guzmán María Guadalupe Hernández. "DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA COMO APOYO A LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL ESTADO DE FUERZA DE LA DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE NEZAHUALCÓYOTL." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99066.
Full textAbstract:
Se identifico que existen diferentes tipos de sistemas de infomación, los cuales se implementan en una empresa de acuerdo con sus necesidades. Por esta razón se eligio el sistema de información para la administración.
Este sistema beneficio a la DGSC en el departamento de control y equipamiento donde se implemento, ya que, al tener la mayoría de sus sistemas en su sitio web, esté requería actualizar su sistema actual del control que tenían sobre los bienes unificándolo con el sitio web.Este trabajo de tesis esta organizado en cuatro capítulos: El primer capítulo presenta un contexto y fundamento del proyecto de tesis para dar al lector un panorama de las soluciones planteadas en la aplicación de sistemas de información, resaltando ademas la problemática, su justificación y los objetivos a desarrollar finalizando con la Tabla de congruencia. En el segundo capítulo se describe el marco teórico y metodológico de la tesis, donde el marco metodológico se desarrolla usando la aplicación de la metodología para sistemas de información basado en computadoras que consta de cinco fases. En el cuarto capítulo se enfoque a la aplicación de la metodología y resultados, en donde se lleva a cabo la aplicación de cada una de las fases: Análisis, Diseño, Construcción, Implementación y Operación y mantenimiento, por último se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
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CRUZ, CALDERÓN ADNY SAYTO. "DESARROLLO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PRÓTESIS ROBÓTICA PARA PERSONAS CON AMPUTACIÓN TRANSRADIAL." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99086.
Full textAbstract:
Una de las ventajas que tiene esta prótesis es que no es invasiva. La forma en que se acciona es fácil de entender, así que la instancia previa de entrenamiento es de aproximadamente cinco minutos para que el usuario pueda controlar la prótesis. No necesita mantener presión constante para mantener sujetado un objeto (como con las prótesis mioeléctricas), basta con posicionarse en el cierre deseado. Hasta el momento no se han presentado inconvenientes al procesar la señal del sensor por ningún factor de ruido o interferencia al estar en contacto con la piel o por variaciones de la posición del sensor respecto al musculo braquiorradialDesde tiempos ancestrales las prótesis, en sus formas básicas, han existido, porque el ser humano busca una solución, para cada necesidad. En el presente trabajo se muestran la investigación para la construcción de un prototipo de prótesis robótica, para personas con amputación transradial. Se escucharon las necesidades y expectativas que tiene una persona al adquirir una prótesis, con base en esto se desarrolló el prototipo, cuidando la estética por medio de la impresión 3D; El control, con el movimiento muscular del antebrazo basado en pulsos y procesado con un microcontrolador Arduino; Las pruebas para seleccionar un motor y un mecanismo que proporcione fuerza y control de cierre de los dedos, y uno de los puntos más importantes, que el prototipo final sea de bajo costo, para que cualquier persona con amputación transradial pueda tener una.
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Rotundo, Nella. "Coupling and thermal effects in semiconductor devices." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/119.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we deal with two different aspects of the theory that describes the semiconductor devices. A first aspect concerns a system of partial dià ¯à ¬ erential-algebraic equations which model an electric network containing semiconductor devices. The zero-dimensional dià ¯à ¬ erential-algebraic network equations are coupled with multi-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations which model the devices. For the network equations we treat two different cases: index-1 and index-2, and for these two kinds of coupled model we prove an existence result. The other aspect that we have considered is the modelling of thermal effects in a semiconductor device. For this aspect we consider a MEP hydrodynamical model obtained from a set of transport equations for the distribution functions of electrons in conduction band and phonons. We assume that the MEP model contains equations for the electron density fluxes and energy fluxes, and for the phonons energy fluxes.
For this system we introduce a small parameter, related to the transition probabilities in the collision terms, and a diffusive scaling at the level of the Lagrangian multipliers appearing in the closure relations. In the diffusive limit, as the small parameter tends to zero, we obtain a model that can be physically interpreted in the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics.
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Rojas, Simón Jonathan. "Cálculo de Topline para la generación automática de resúmenes usando algoritmos genéticos." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67369.
Full textBooks on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Fiori, Emiliano, and Michele Trizio. Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies Plenary Sessions. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-590-2.
Full textAbstract:
The present volume collects most of the contributions to the plenary sessions held at the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, and incisively reflects the ever increasing broadening of the very concept of ‘Byzantine Studies’. Indeed, a particularly salient characteristic of the papers presented here is their strong focus on interdisciplinarity and their breadth of scope, both in terms of methodology and content. The cross-pollination between different fields of Byzantine Studies is also a major point of the volume. Archaeology and art history have pride of place; it is especially in archaeological papers that one can grasp the vital importance of the interaction with the so-called hard sciences and with new technologies for contemporary research. This relevance of science and technology for archaeology, however, also applies to, and have significant repercussions in, historical studies, where – for example – the study of climate change or the application of specific software to network studies are producing a major renewal of knowledge. In more traditional subject fields, like literary, political, and intellectual history, the contributions to the present volume offer some important reflections on the connection between Byzantium and other cultures and peoples through the intermediary of texts, stories, diplomacy, trade, and war.
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Fiori, Emiliano, and Michele Trizio. Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies Plenary Sessions. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-590-2.
Full textAbstract:
The present volume collects most of the contributions to the plenary sessions held at the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, and incisively reflects the ever increasing broadening of the very concept of ‘Byzantine Studies’. Indeed, a particularly salient characteristic of the papers presented here is their strong focus on interdisciplinarity and their breadth of scope, both in terms of methodology and content. The cross-pollination between different fields of Byzantine Studies is also a major point of the volume. Archaeology and art history have pride of place; it is especially in archaeological papers that one can grasp the vital importance of the interaction with the so-called hard sciences and with new technologies for contemporary research. This relevance of science and technology for archaeology, however, also applies to, and have significant repercussions in, historical studies, where – for example – the study of climate change or the application of specific software to network studies are producing a major renewal of knowledge. In more traditional subject fields, like literary, political, and intellectual history, the contributions to the present volume offer some important reflections on the connection between Byzantium and other cultures and peoples through the intermediary of texts, stories, diplomacy, trade, and war.
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Germanà, Maria Luisa, ed. Permanenze e innovazioni nell'architettura del MediterraneoMediterranean Architecture between Heritage and Innovation. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-007-5.
Full textAbstract:
Il volume offre numerosi spunti sul tema Permanenze e innovazioni nell'architettura del Mediterraneo, dimostrandone l'ampiezza di aspetti riconducibili alla Tecnologia dell'architettura, di cui si evidenzia la flessibilità dei confini disciplinari con riferimento ai diversi significati assumibili dal concetto di risorsa. Letta in continuità con le precedenti pubblicazioni Osdotta, questa consente di seguire quanto si va sviluppando nel terzo livello di formazione in un momento particolarmente critico per l'istituzione universitaria, continuando a porre l'accento sul nodo domanda/offerta di ricerca, nel confronto con altre istituzioni e con il mondo della produzione di settore, nell'attuale scenario dominato da trasformazioni sempre più rapide e incisive. La qualificazione dei corsi di dottorato, attraverso la riflessione sugli esiti immediati e a lungo termine, parallelamente alla precisazione dei contenuti identitari del settore disciplinare, restano le principali sfide da continuare ad affrontare. This publication provides considerable material for reflection on the subject of Mediterranean Architecture between Heritage and Innovation, demonstrating the wide range of aspects linked to Architectural Technology, in which one is struck by the flexibility of the disciplinary boundaries with regard to the various meanings that can be applied to the concept of resource. Taken together with the previous publications of Osdotta, this consents one to trace the developments in the third level of education at a particularly critical time for the university institution; the emphasis continues to be placed on the crucial issue of supply/demand of research; the situation is compared with other institutions and with the world of production in this sector, in a present-day scenario dominated by ever more rapid and incisive transformations. The main challenges left to be faced are to improve the quality of PhD courses, after due reflection on the immediate and long-term results, whilst defining more precisely the identitary contents of the disciplinary sector.
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Rogers, Hannah Star. Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13885.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
How the tools of STS can be used to understand art and science and the practices of these knowledge-making communities. In Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge, Hannah Star Rogers suggests that art and science are not as different from each other as we might assume. She shows how the tools of science and technology studies (STS) can be applied to artistic practice, offering new ways of thinking about people and objects that have largely fallen outside the scope of STS research. Arguing that the categories of art and science are labels with specific powers to order social worlds—and that art and science are best understood as networks that produce knowledge—Rogers shows, through a series of cases, the similarities and overlapping practices of these knowledge communities. The cases, which range from nineteenth-century artisans to contemporary bioartists, illustrate how art can provide the basis for a new subdiscipline called art, science, and technology studies (ASTS), offering hybrid tools for investigating art–science collaborations. Rogers's subjects include the work of father and son glassblowers, the Blaschkas, whose glass models, produced in the nineteenth century for use in biological classification, are now displayed as works of art; the physics photographs of documentary photographer Berenice Abbott; and a bioart lab that produces work functioning as both artwork and scientific output. Finally, Rogers, an STS scholar and contemporary art–science curator, draws on her own work to consider the concept of curation as a form of critical analysis.
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Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia. Technology and International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.319.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout history, technology has played a significant role in international relations (IR). Technological development is an important factor underlying much of humanity’s social, economic, and political development, as well as in interstate and interregional relationships. Beginning with the earliest tool industries of the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods to the present time, technology has been an integral component of the transformative processes that resulted in the organization, expansion, and establishment of distinctive societies. The presence or absence of equal access to technology has often determined the nature of relationships between societies and civilizations. Technology increases the options available to policymakers in their pursuit of the goals of the state, but also complicates their decision making. The question of whether, and how much, technological change has influenced IR has been the subject of considerable debate. Scholars are divided on the emphasis that should be placed on technological progress as an independent variable in the study of relations between states and as a factor in analyzing power configurations in the international system. Among the scientific and technological revolutions that are believed to have contributed to the changing nature of power and relations between states are transportation and communication, the industrial revolution, the nuclear revolution, and the contemporary information revolution. Future research should focus on how these technological changes are going to influence the debates on power, deterrence, diplomacy, and other instruments of IR.
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Stańczykiewicz, Arkadiusz. Prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia szkód w odnowieniach podokapowych wskutek pozyskiwania drewna oraz model ich szacowania. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-34-2.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the existing literature on the issue of damage to regeneration caused by timber harvesting, revealed that a great majority of results reported in those publications was obtained through laborious and time-consuming field research conducted in two stages. Field research methods for gathering data, employed by various authors, differed in terms of the manner of establishing trial plots, the accuracy of counting and evaluating the number of saplings growing on the investigated sites, classification systems used for distinguishing particular groups of regeneration based on quantitative (diameter at breast height, tree height) and qualitative features (biosocial position within the certain layer and the entire stand), classification systems used for identifying types of damage caused by cutting and felling, as well as transporting operations, and finally the duration of observation intervals and time spent on gathering data on the response of damaged saplings from both, the individual and collective perspectives. Obviously, the most reliable manner of gathering such data would be to count all damaged elements of the environment being a subject of interest of particular investigators at the certain point of time. However, due to time and work consumption of this approach, which is besides very costly, any research should be designed in such a manner as to reduce the above-mentioned factors. This paper aimed to (1) analyse the probability of occurrence of damage to regeneration depending on the form of timber assortments dragged from the felling site to the skidding routes, and timber harvesting technology employed in logging works, and (2) identify a method ensuring that gathered data is sufficient for performing reliable evaluation of share of damage to regeneration at acceptable accuracy level, without necessity to establish trial plots before commencing harvesting works. The scope of these studies enclosed a comparison between two motor-manual methods of timber harvesting in thinned stands, with dragging of timber in the first stage of skidding from the stand to landings. According to one of these methods, a classical one, operations of felling and delimbing of trees were carried out by sawmen at the felling site. Timber obtained using different methods was skidded by carters and horses, and operators of a light-duty cable winch, driven by the chainsaw’s engine, as well as operators of cable winches combined with farm tractors. In the latter, alternative method, sawmen performed only cutting and felling of trees. Delimbing and cross-cutting of trunks, dragged from the felling sites, was carried out by operators of processors combined with farm tractors, worked on skidding routes. The research was conducted in the years 2002–2010 in stands within the age classes II–IV mostly, located in the territories of Regional Directorates of State Forests in Krakow and Katowice, and in the Forest Experimental Unit in Krynica-Zdrój. In the course of a preliminary stage of investigations 102 trial plots were established in stands within early and late tinning treatments. As a result of the field research carried out in two stages, more than 3.25 thsd. circular sites were established and marked, on the surface of which over 25 thsd. saplings constituting the regeneration layer were inventoried. Based on the results of investigations and analyses it was revealed that regardless of the category of thinning treatment, the highest probability of occurrence of destroying P(ZN) to regeneration (0.24–0.44) should be expected when the first stage of timber skidding is performed using cable winches. Slightly lower values of probability (0.17–0.33) should be expected in stands where timber is skidded by horses, while in respect to processor-based skidding technology the probability of destroying occurrence oscillates between 0.12 and 0.27, depending on the particular layer of regeneration. P(ZN) values, very close to those of skidding technology engaging processors, were recorded for skidding performed using the light-duty cable winch driven by the chainsaw’s engine (0.16–0.27). The highest probability of damage P(USZK) to regeneration (0.16–0.31) can be expected when processors are used in the first stage of timber skidding. Slightly lower values of probability (0.14–0.23) were obtained when skidding was performed with the use of cable winches, whereas engaging horses for hauling of trunks results in probability of damage occnrrence oscillating between 0.05–0.20, depending on the particular layer of regeneration. With regard to the probability of occurrence of both, destroying and damage P(ZNUSZK) to regeneration (0.33–0.54), the highest values can be expected when cable winches are engaged in the first stage of skidding. Little lower (0.30–0.43) was the probability of their occurrence if processor-based technology of skidding was employed, while in respect to horse skidding these values oscillated between 0.27–0.41, depending on the layer of regeneration. The lowest values of probability of occurrence of damage P(USZK), and destroying and damage treated collectively P(ZNUSZK), within all layers of regeneration, were recorded in stands where thinning treatments were performed using the light-duty cable winch driven by the chainsaw’s engine. The models evaluated and respective equations, developed based on those models, for evaluating the number of destroyed saplings ZNha (tab. 40, 42, 44, 46, 48) could be used for determining the share of damage expressed as a percentage, upon conducting only one field research at the investigated felling sites, once the timber harvesting and skidding would have been completed. As revealed by the results of analyses, evaluation of statistically significant regression models was possible for all layers of regeneration (tab. 39, 41, 43, 45, 47). Nevertheless, the smallest part of these models that could be considered positively verified, were those for the natural young regeneration, although almost a half of them revealed to be significant. Within the medium-sized regeneration over three-fourths of all models could be considered positively verified, four of which explained more than 50% of variability. Within the high-sized regeneration almost two-thirds of evaluated regression models were statistically significant, five of which were verified positively, moreover, one of them explained more than 50% of variability. The most promising results were those obtained for the advance growth. Nearly 90% of the evaluated models revealed to be statistically significant, ten of which could be considered positively verified. Furthermore, four statistically significant models explained over 50% of general variability. With regard to the entire regeneration more than 80% of evaluated models were statistically significant. However, due to insignificant coefficients of regression, eight of them could be considered positively verified. At this point it should be stressed that in respect to logging technology employing the light-duty cable winch FKS it was impossible to evaluate statistically significant models of regression. Whereas, in the case of processor-based logging technology, firstly regarding the advance growth, and then the entire regeneration, all of the evaluated statistically significant models could be considered positively verified, in terms of both, all of the stands, and particular categories of thinning treatments individually. This latter case also revealed the highest degree of matching of evaluated models (R2 popr 0.73–0.76 for advance growth and 0.78–0.94 for the entire regeneration). A significant impact of the kind of form of hauled timber on the probability of damage occurrence P(USZK), mainly in early thinning treatments, could have been reflected in the results obtained for all stands (early and late thinning treated collectively). Moreover, due to an insignificant impact of the form of hauled timber and logging technology employed, on the probability of occurrence of damage in late thinned stands, and a significant impact of the above-mentioned variables on early thinned stands, it should be assumed that for performing an evaluation of destroying and damage caused by timber harvesting the both thinning treatment categories should be analysed separately. Furthermore, when evaluating the probability of occurrence of destroying and damage caused by timber harvesting, the layers of natural young regeneration and advance growth should be analysed separately. As proved by the results presented in this paper, varying values of probability computed for each of the layers of regeneration seem to indicate that when investigating damage to regeneration caused by timber harvesting, it would be reasonable and recommended to perform a separate analysis of damage to the highest saplings as well, namely individuals with diameter at breast height close to 7 cm. In respect to studies on damage to regeneration caused by logging technologies mentioned above, the evaluation of number of destroyed saplings within the advance growth can be carried out using the proportions of damaged and undamaged saplings per 1 ha of the stand. The numbers evaluated in this manner can be used to calculate the damage share expressed in relative values (percentage of damaged saplings compared with the entire number of saplings before commencing the logging works). However, one should keep in mind that this is true only if the field research have been carried out based on the methodology described in this paper.
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Линков, А. С. Общая теория и технология графического структурирования и представления знаний (Общая теория и технология ГСиП знаний). Академическое изд-во «Гео», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21782/b978-5-6043022-1-7.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph is devoted to the creation of a single complex of scientiJic and practical developments aimed at solving the problems of knowledge operation (such as information or data) by means of their graphic structuring and representation (GSR) in any subject areas of science and practice. In particular, it can be used in information and digital technologies, knowledge engineering, systemic analysis, cognitive science, implementation of interdisciplinary research, etc. Its main purpose is systematization of knowledge, as well as conceptual modeling of complex notions and objects of activity in the logic of problem-oriented approach. The complex is a trinity of theoretical principles, graphic language of conceptual modeling (GLCM) of knowledge, and the GSR technology, implemented using Microsoft Excel, and has no analogues in the given subject area. Its basis is Linkov’s diagonal information graphic knowledge matrix (digmata), being a universal way to extract and structure knowledge from text and other sources, as well as a universal converter of any representation form of knowledge into a uniform graphic form. Simplicity and constructiveness of the complex allow its wide introduction into practice. The monograph is accompanied by a USB Jlash drive containing text and graphic materials. The monograph is intended for the widest range of persons confronted with the above-mentioned problems of science and practice.
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Lin, Patrick, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins, eds. Robot Ethics 2.0. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
As a game-changing technology, robotics naturally will create ripple effects through society. Some of them may become tsunamis. So it’s no surprise that “robot ethics”—the study of these effects on ethics, law, and policy—has caught the attention of governments, industry, and the broader society, especially in the past several years. Since our first book on the subject in 2012, a groundswell of concern has emerged, from the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Campaign Against Sex Robots. Among other bizarre events, a robot car has killed its driver, and a kamikaze police robot bomb has killed a sniper. Given these new and evolving worries, we now enter the second generation of the debates—robot ethics 2.0. This edited volume is a one-stop authoritative resource for the latest research in the field, which is often scattered across academic journals, books, media articles, reports, and other channels. Without presuming much familiarity with either robotics or ethics, this book helps to make the discussion more accessible to policymakers and the broader public, as well as academic audiences. Besides featuring new use-cases for robots and their challenges—not just robot cars, but also space robots, AI, and the internet of things (as massively distributed robots)—we also feature one of the most diverse group of researchers on the subject for truly global perspectives.
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Bauer, William I. Music Learning Today. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197503706.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Grounded in a research-based, conceptual model called Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), the essential premise of Music Learning Today: Digital Pedagogy for Creating, Performing, and Responding to Music is that music educators and their students can benefit through use of technology as a tool to support learning in the three musical processes—creating, performing, and responding to music. Insights on how technology can be used to advantage in both traditional and emerging learning environments are provided, and research-based pedagogical approaches that align technologies with specific curricular outcomes are described. Importantly, the book advocates that the decision on whether or not to utilize technology for learning, and the specific technology that might be best suited for a particular learning context, should begin with a consideration of curricular outcomes (music subject matter). This is in sharp contrast to most other books on music technology that are technocentric, organized around specific software applications and hardware. The book also recognizes that knowing how to effectively use the technological tools to maximize learning (pedagogy) is a crucial aspect of the teaching-learning process. Drawing on the research and promising practices literature in music education and related fields, pedagogical approaches that are aligned with curricular outcomes and specific technologies are suggested. It is not a “how to” book per se, but rather a text informed by the latest research, theories of learning, and documented best practices, with the goal of helping teachers develop the ability to understand the dynamics of effectively using technology for music learning.
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Kosmin, Leslie, and Catherine Roberts. Company Meetings and Resolutions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832744.001.0001.
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This new edition is the only work solely dedicated to the law of company meetings of solvent public and private companies that are registered and incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 and its predecessors. As before, the new edition is written by an author team of great authority who have specialized in company law throughout their careers. The third edition addresses the use of technology in company meetings, and in particular, considers whether it is lawful for a company registered under the Companies Act 2006 to hold a meeting of shareholders by electronic means only. The practical, as well as the legal issues are considered with regard to this issue. The changes brought in by the UK Corporate Governance Code 2018, with regard to the role of the Chair and the board at meetings of listed companies, is covered along with other developments relating to the duties and activities of the Chair such as in Re Dee Valley Group plc 2017. Other important new case law is also covered such as Sharp v Blank 2015 concerning the duty of directors to provide sufficient information to shareholders to enable them to make informed decisions. Amendments made by the Regulatory Reform Act 2013 to the Companies Act 2006 regarding approval by shareholders of director remuneration policy are duly considered. The Rt. Hon Lord Justice David Richards has written a foreword to the third edition, This book is the leading authority on the law of company meetings and resolutions and all practitioners advising on this subject will find this an invaluable tool for desk research as well as a handy companion at company meetings.
Book chapters on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Stütz, Leon, Timo König, Roman Bader, and Markus Kley. "Improvement of the Scheduling of Automotive Testing Processes Based on Production Scheduling Methods." In Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains, 59–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_6.
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AbstractIncreasing challenges in the automotive industry are caused by shorter development times for products, greater diversity of variants and increasing cost pressure. Testing plays an elementary role within the product development process (PDP). There are already many publications that deal with the early phases of the PDP, but relatively few that address testing. Inefficient scheduling leads to suboptimal use of development and testing resources.Automotive testing is characterized by high momentum and process complexity. The complexity of testing is determined, among other things, by the number of test rigs in a test field, the number and diversity of test objects, the type of testing and the preparatory setups. In addition, complex testing processes at the component and system level require a large number of human and material resources, whose time availability and sequence must be coordinated with the testing process. The sequence planning is subject to a high inherent dynamic because unexpected changes and disturbances of the process can occur during the testing. These changes require a rescheduling of the testing process. If done manually, the rescheduling results in high costs.Based on known production planning methods, a solution approach is derived for improved utilization of test field resources for the automotive sector. The planning is optimized with a multitude of product - and process-related dependencies and restrictions using mixed-integer linear programming, a standardized method from operations research. The test field is simulated via a discrete event simulation. The proposed method considers the availability of essential resources.
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Ciftci, Olena, and Katerina Berezina. "Exploring Customer Experience with Service Robots in Hospitality and Tourism: Activity Theory Perspective." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2023, 65–76. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25752-0_6.
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AbstractAddressing a call for theoretical development in human-robot interaction research, this study introduces activity theory to the field of service robots (SRs) in hospitality and tourism. Activity theory was used as the foundation for the conceptual analysis of in-depth interviews with hospitality customers. The results of content analysis of the interviews and future research directions are presented based on each of the service activity system’s components: object (customer experience (CE) with SRs in a hospitality unit), subject (customers), technology (SRs), rules (implementation procedures of SRs), community (customers, other customers, and employees), division of labor (a division of service), outcome (satisfaction, overall experience with hospitality establishments, and behavioral intentions), and context. The study provides future research directions in using activity theory in studies on human-robot interaction and CE with SRs in hospitality and tourism. Robot developers and hospitality professionals can use the data analysis framework proposed in this study to evaluate CE with SRs.
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Pochwatko, Grzegorz, Justyna Świdrak, Wiesław Kopeć, Zbigniew Jȩdrzejewski, Agata Feledyn, Matthias Vogt, Nuria Castell, and Katarzyna Zagórska. "Multisensory Representation of Air Pollution in Virtual Reality: Lessons from Visual Representation." In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_24.
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AbstractThe world is facing the problem of anthropogenic climate change and air pollution. Despite many years of development, already established methods of influencing behaviour remain ineffective. The effect of such interventions is very often a declaration of behaviour change that is not followed by actual action. Moreover, despite intensive information campaigns, many people still do not have adequate knowledge on the subject, are not aware of the problem or, worse, deny its existence. Previous attempts to introduce real change were based on providing information, persuasion or visualisation. We propose the use of multi-sensory virtual reality to investigate the problem more thoroughly and then design appropriate solutions. In this paper, we introduce a new immersive virtual environment that combines free exploration with a high level of experimental control, physiological and behavioural measures. It was created on the basis of transdisciplinary scientific cooperation, participatory design and research. We used the unique features of virtual environments to reverse and expand the idea of pollution pods by Pinsky. Instead of closing participants in small domes filled with chemical substances imitating pollution, we made it possible for them to freely explore an open environment - admiring the panorama of a small town from the observation deck located on a nearby hill. Virtual reality technology enables the manipulation of representations of air pollution, the sensory modalities with which they are transmitted (visual, auditory, tactile and smell stimuli) and their intensity. Participants’ reactions from the initial tests of the application showed that it is a promising solution. We present the possibilities of applying the new solution in psychological research and its further design and development opportunities in collaboration with communities and other stakeholders in the spirit of citizen science.
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García, Juan Luis Cabanillas, Ricardo Luengo González, and José Luis Carvalho. "Bibliographic and content review on the use of technology in people with disabilities during the pandemic." In Reconstruction of Daily life: The Lived experience of the Family post-caregiver. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.11.2022.e535.
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The crisis caused by the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious problems in the educational field worldwide. An unprecedented scenario has been generated for people with disabilities or disabilities, which presents major problems such as social isolation, emotional imbalance, and the widening of the digital divide. The general objective of the research has been: "Analyse the scientific production related to the use of Information and Communication Technologies as a means to improve the teaching and learning process of people with disabilities and autism spectrum disorders during the pandemic". A bibliographic, documentary and content analysis of the publications resulting from the international database, Google Scholar, which meet the eleven defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, was carried out, selecting a total of 50 articles. A table of categories was elaborated, with a double methodology: in the first place deductive, through the analysis of the existing literature on the subject analysed, selecting the fundamental categories of study. On the other hand, it is inductive, through the construction of emerging categories that arise when performing data analysis. It has been verified that most of the references are written by a single author, corresponding to doctoral theses that delve into the use of technologies to improve communication and learning of people with visual and hearing disabilities as the most relevant cases, during the period of confinement. caused by COVID-19. Likewise, it has been observed that there are still many difficulties and a great problem in access to information and communication technology resources by this group, requiring greater help from public and private institutions. The findings found show that it is necessary to provide greater access to technologies by the public administration, while physical or motor disabilities should have greater importance in the scientific literature, since they are the least treated.
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Kankaria, Lipika, and Sutanuka Banerjee. "Cartographies of Indian Cinema." In Handbook of Research on Social and Cultural Dynamics in Indian Cinema, 235–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3511-0.ch020.
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The origin of cinema in India has transnational roots and can be traced back to as early as the 1920s. The multicultural connections were not only evident in terms of the cast and the crew but also in terms of the reach of the subject matter as portrayed on screen that had a global appeal. Application of modern technology and interactions between communities created a glocal space that transcended geopolitical boundaries. It is also interesting to note how actors and filmmakers from other nationalities became an integral part of these narratives. This culminated in an excellent combination of foreign technical knowledge and the creativity of the Indian film fraternity that produced an array of unforgettable masterpieces. This chapter attempts to chart the history and map the course of Indian cinema by applying a transnational lens and reexamining the cultural and social implications of these films. Moreover, it aims to situate the evolution of Indian cinema, keeping in view the intersection of gender, race, class, religion, and other categories.
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Kemp, Michael L., Shannon Robb, and P. Candace Deans. "The Legal Implications of Cloud Computing." In Cloud Technology, 2099–114. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6539-2.ch098.
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The purpose of this chapter is to examine the current legal environment of cloud computing. As the cloud platform continues to evolve, companies will find the need to address the business risks, particularly legal issues which will be of paramount concern. This chapter discusses the legal dimensions of cloud computing from the perspective of three L's: Location, Litigation, and Liability. Most of the current issues can be evaluated as part of one of these categories. Although the legal aspects of the cloud lag behind the business and technology side, prior case law is discussed as it applies to issues arising from various implementations of cloud computing applications. This discussion provides a road map for CIOs and other managers as they deal with emerging issues and legal ramifications of cloud computing. The chapter also provides direction for research in this realm.
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Howard, Natalie-Jane. "Kahoot! Gamification as an Instructional Technology." In Handbook of Research on Instructional Technologies in Health Education and Allied Disciplines, 196–219. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7164-7.ch009.
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Gamification is rapidly becoming an established pedagogical approach in higher education, especially since shifting to online teaching during the pandemic. Following a research gap in the socio-material literature, this chapter examined gamification practice using poststructuralist readings of lecturers' professional subjectivities. It reports on a data set from a larger qualitative study conducted in a higher education institution in the Middle East, where Kahoot! is frequently used for course review. Semi-structured interviews with nursing division lecturers and live observations of their online lectures were conducted. The socio-material analysis revealed four themes that highlight how narrative acts as well as how material affordances and constraints are enrolled into lecturer subject positioning, with three categories reinforcing professional subjectivities and the final subverting their ideational positioning. Contributing to the growing body of socio-material scholarship, the chapter concludes with some recommendations and fruitful avenues for further research in this field.
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Norris, Donald F. "Information Technology Among U.S. Local Governments." In Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology, 132–44. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-857-4.ch013.
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The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the adoption, uses, and impacts of information technology (IT), including electronic government, among local governments in the United States1. In the 1950s, these governments began to adopt IT for a variety of purposes and functions, and they continue to do so today. Since at least the mid 1970s, a small, but prolific group of scholars has conducted a large body of research on various aspects of IT and local government.2 It is from that research and my own studies into this subject that I have based this chapter (regarding e-government, see also, Norris, 2006). Given the constraint of space, this chapter can only highlight aspects of this important topic. Readers who wish to delve more deeply into the subject of information technology and local government may wish to avail themselves of the works found in the bibliography as well as references from other, related works which can be found through those works.
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Wendrich, Robert E. "Cyber-Physical Systems, Blended Tool Environments, and Playful Creativity." In Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research, Volume 2, 589–619. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.862025_ch19.
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All tools humanity uses are extensions of their physical and/or virtual reach, towards a specific purpose or to fulfill a particular, specified, or dedicated task. The tool is handled, initiated and actively guided to participate in interaction, perception, and/or interpretation of the world around us. Tools mediate in action and interaction, like handling a toothbrush to gain a fresh set of cleaned teeth or to use a hammer to pound nails in a material. The real physicality of these human interactions convey a lot of information and creates knowledge in various levels of insight and understanding. Not only in terms of feeling satisfied in the accomplishment of a task, but also in the experience of tool use and succesful interaction. Furthermore, metacognitive aspects of tool use occur when human beings and tools work together and can be seen as an action-based method of advancing knowledge. In the quotidian, a mixture of tools (i.e. used, embedded) and tool activities occur to directly or indirectly interact with our physical and virtual surroundings, things, or systems. Analogue tools, like e.g. knives, pens, chairs and cars have different complexities, but through communicated ’meaning’ (Dewey, 2005) [9], these artifacts possess a distinct quality and intrinsic interaction of use. Some of these tools have very simple but effective use qualities and therefore are most of the time easy to understand in function and use. Other more sophisticated tools imply more study and demand lots of exercise (i.e. high learning threshold) in order to get the full benefit, function and gain in user experience (UX) and results. In the digital and virtual realms many varieties of computational tools are encountered. As a consequence, many categories and levels of tool use, usage through interaction, usability, user-skills and UX happen. The last decades showed a plethora of tool applications and tool interactions that eluded many users, consequently leading to misinterpretation, misguidance, frustration, reduction and inert mediocrity. Not to speculate that digital innovations and tools are defunct gadgets or not worthy of inclusion in daily life. On the contrary, digital technology plays a crucial role in our understanding of the physical and virtual worlds that co-exists and give us much broader boundless experiences and perspectives than ever before. The problem with most digital tools is, the constructed user interface (UI) and user interaction (UA) between a user and machine, as shown in, for example; Carroll, 1991 [5], Carroll, 2002 [6], Dix, 2009 [10], Hartson, 2003 [16], Piumsomboon et al., 2017 [31], Wendrich, 2016 [44], Rogers, 2011 [33]. This in turn has lead to more study and research being conducted on this subject over the last decades, what somehow lead to more confusion and misapprehension. Incremental improvements in UI have been explored and became a sort of standard, new approaches to UIs and UAs have appeared and wiped others, in some cases e.g. multi-touch sensing surfaces became a next step in interacting with the digital-virtual realms. This in turn lead to a leap in applications software (app) design to create tools that were easy to manipulate and use by swiping fingers across high-definition interactive icons to work the tool. However, how feebly, fleetly or superficial this type of mediated interactions may seem, somehow it became a prefered way of ’doing things.’ Gradually this kind of interaction became the standard, encroached with instant gratification and satisfaction. Eventually, everything is an approximation with human frailty, so is tool use and are tools, Figure 19.1.
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Fleenor, Hillary G., and Rania Hodhod. "Assessment of Learning and Technology." In Handbook of Research on Learning Outcomes and Opportunities in the Digital Age, 51–78. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9577-1.ch003.
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The education of a nation is a critical component of economic growth. Education is itself shaped by economic, political, historical, technological, and other cultural factors. Society today is increasingly dependent on computers and technology. However, computer science (CS) continues to be viewed as an optional specialization rather than a core subject in U.S. education. The result is that our leaders will continue to lack the necessary understanding of technology that is critical for good policy and decision making. It is time to realize the importance of including CS as part of the core curriculum and utilizing current technology to assist this mission. This chapter discusses the current state of CS education in the US and focuses on how the integration of learning theories in digital educational environments along with rigorous assessment of such environments in the academic community can provide effective learning tools for increasing the availability and effectiveness of CS education.
Conference papers on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Nandy, Abhirup, hiran lathabai, and vivek kumar singh. "An Expertise-based Framework for Research Portfolio Management of Institutions at coarse- and fine-grained levels." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/644259e5eb3447ac90894e51.
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Institutional performance assessment is one of the major challenges for various stakeholders including national and institutional policymakers. Existing popular approaches to performance measurement rely on various factors besides research output, which have been criticized on various grounds. In this work, we present a sciento-text framework to assess the core competency/expertise of an institution at two levels: a broad thematic level, based on WoS subject categories, and a finer thematic level based on indexed keywords. The performance measures namely x_d- index and x-index are used for assessment at broad and fine thematic levels, respectively. While national policymakers can make use of x_d- index for the enhancement of national scholarly ecosystem, institutional policymakers and other stakeholders of the institution can make benefit from the wholistic usage of the framework to work for improving its broader expertise diversity as well as enhancing its fine level expertise within suitable disciplines.
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Ottens, Werner, Eberhard Roos, Hans Kockelmann, and Rolf Hahn. "Optimization of Stuffing Box Stem Sealings in Valves by Means of Surface Treatment and Coating." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25043.
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The optimization of the frictional behavior of valve stems in stuffing box sealing systems by means of stem surface treatment and coating is subject of a research project carried out at MPA Stuttgart. Low friction should lead to a high compression and densification of the packing already during assembly resulting in a reduced drop of packing stress with service time and improved tightness. Several surface treatment and coating technologies (Nitrogen and Boron Hardening, inductive coat, Si- and Me-DLC, AlTiN, Chromium-Nitride Multilayer, Tungsten-Carbide and Chromium-Carbide) were examined. Friction tests were carried out at 400 °C followed by leakage tests (160 bar, test fluid Nitrogen) on simulated stuffing box sealings with usual graphite packings and coated or surface treated stems in comparison to a “standard” stem without coating and surface treatment. These combined friction and leakage tests were accompanied by mechanical, technological and metallographical investigations. Visual inspection of the stems after the friction tests suggests a classification in 3 categories depending on the graphite adhesion to the stem surface. Some coatings caused a deterioration (increase of leakage rate) compared to the standard stem (without any coating or surface treatment). In the other cases the leakage rates were comparable to that of the standard stem. Most favorable behavior was observed for the stem with inductive coat. This technology can be seen as a repair technology for damaged stems.
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Yücel, Mustafa, Yaşar Aktaş, and Neslişah Taner. "What are the New Functions of Agriculture Cooperatives in the Progress of Globalization? The Case of Agriculture Cooperatives of Kastamonu." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01231.
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While production and markets have been becoming more integrated since barriers to the international trade reduced, capital movements and the speed of spreading of technology increased with the progress of globalization, issues regarding to agriculture, environment, women, employment, and education became more critical.
In this research, “by which functions and missions can agricultural cooperatives sustain their assets under globalized conditions” is the major research question. In the research, 19 cooperatives were chosen among 308 cooperatives, depending on their distance to Kastamonu, foundation year, and the amount of member. Subjects were determined by their traits and occupations. 164 subjects were interviewed via survey questions in 2014-2015. In research, “The situation-specific approach” model, developed by Hartmut Albrecht was applied.
Because of the progress of change in organizational values, agriculture cooperatives have to undertake new functions in addition to maintaining agricultural production. The functions can be classified into 4 categories as socio-economic (taking local goods to international markets, recording incomes in the agriculture sector, and creating new employment positions to reduce migration to urban), international relations (developing new projects toward internationalizing to collaborate with other cooperatives), planning (making long-term strategic plans), and education (training women in rural areas, and obtaining their collaboration in cooperative campaigns, and educating future's cooperative managers).
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Morgan, Charles L. "The Status of Marine Mining Worldwide." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80048.
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Metals are fundamental components of modern society worldwide, and, despite the current economic downturn, we know we will be faced with ever increasing demands and ever-shrinking supplies. Efforts to achieve sustainable supplies of minerals must include efforts to expand the supply. About 60% of the ocean surface consists of the ocean floor, so it is reasonable to expect that deep ocean minerals could contribute significantly to the world supply. Human efforts to recover minerals have thus far concentrated almost exclusively on land-based resources, so it is reasonable to postulate that marine minerals might offer better prospects for future mineral supplies than land prospects. Currently, we know of at least six separate categories of marine minerals: 1. Aggegrate sand and gravel deposits; 2. Placer deposits of relatively high value minerals (gold, diamonds, tin, etc) hosted in aggegrates; 3. Biogenically derived phosphate deposits; 4. Sediment-hosted (manganese nodules) and hard-rock hosted (ferromanganese crusts) ferromanganese oxide deposits; 5. Sediment-hosted methane hydrate deposits; and 6. Hydrothermally derived sulfide deposits of copper, gold, nickel, zinc, and other metals. Thanks primarily to the engineering developments made by the offshore oil industry and the computer-science advances that have revolutionized much of modern society, the technology is in place for most of the tasks of deep seabed mining. The objective here is not to provide a general status update regarding marine minerals technology, but simply to demonstrate, using the best example available to date (the Nautilus Minerals venture in the Territorial Waters of Papua New Guinea) that the technology is in place and ready to go. Development of marine minerals has both the curse and blessing of taking place in the ocean. Since the 1970’s and before, the marine environment has taken on a public aura reserved more commonly for religious beliefs. This aura poses substantial obstacles to any marine development efforts. At the same time, a basic advantage of marine mineral developments is that nobody lives there. Thus, marine mining activities will not conflict with most normal human activities. Marine mining proposals should be subjected to thorough impact assessment analysis, but it is also critical that policymakers take steps to provide a level playing field for marine developments that encourages objective comparisons with alternative land-based proposals for supplying needed mineral resources. Governments should foster reasonable access to the marine mineral resources under their jurisdiction while also supporting incentive policies and related research programs.
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ÖZTUNÇ, Müge, and Umur BEDİR. "NEW MEDIA AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE REPRESENTATION OF ATATURK ON NGO’s NOVEMBER 10th INSTAGRAM POSTS." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctc.2021/ctc21.049.
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National symbols, traditions, and rituals emerge as the most influential signifiers of national identity and nationalism. These symbols and images that embody the basic concepts of nationalism, make them visible to other members of society, help to make abstract ideologies more socially concrete, strengthen the sense of national loyalty and strengthen the awareness of the members of the community that they belong to the same nation. On the other hand, Atatürk appears as a symbol of both Turkey’s modernization process and Turkish unity and solidarity. Focusing on the representations of Atatürk as one of the national symbols on the internet and social media, this research examines symbolic construction of national identity of NGOs that represent different social groups in Turkey through the “November 10, Atatürk Commemoration Day”. In this context, the 10 November 2019 posts of 38 Non-Governmental Organizations, which operate in different fields, are the most followed and have social, cultural, and economic activity on the society, were analyzed on Instagram. Shared visuals were used to categorize with the help of various codes assigned to them. Thematization method was used to characterize the types of photos posted on Instagram with embedded coding. Then, by combining very close codes, they were also subjected to clustering analysis in order to see which symbols are frequently used together and which meaning patterns they form. The findings of the study show that social media, which is often depicted as the space of global identities and flows, is a space where national identities are eclectically reconstructed by subjects and social groups that make up the nation and circulated through symbols.
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Öztunç, Müge, and Umur Bedir. "New Media and National Identity: The Representatıon of Atatürk on Ngo’s November 10th Instagram Posts." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.018.
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National symbols, traditions, and rituals emerge as the most influential signifiers of national identity and nationalism. These symbols and images that embody the basic concepts of nationalism, make them visible to the members of society, help to make abstract ideologies more socially concrete, strengthen the sense of national loyalty and strengthen the awareness of the community members that belong to the same nation. On the other hand, Atatürk appears as a symbol of both Turkey's modernization process and Turkish unity and solidarity. Focusing on the representations of Atatürk as one of the national symbols on the internet and social media, this research examines the symbolic construction of the national identity of NGOs that represent different social groups in Turkey through the "November 10th, Atatürk Commemoration Day”. In this context, the November 10, 2019, posts of 38 Non-Governmental Organizations, which operate in different fields, are the most followed and have social, cultural, and economic activity on the society, were analyzed on Instagram. Shared visuals were used to categorize with the help of various codes assigned to them. The thematization method was used to characterize the types of photos posted on Instagram with embedded coding. Then, by combining very close codes, they were also subjected to clustering analysis to see which symbols are frequently used together and which meaning patterns they form. The findings of the study show that social media, which is often depicted as the space of global identities and flows, is a space where national identities are eclectically reconstructed by subjects and social groups that make up the nation and circulated through symbols.
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Suzen, Neslihan, Alexander N. Gorban, Jeremy Levesley, and Evgeny M. Mirkes. "An Informational Space based Semantic Analysis for Scientific Texts." In 10th International Conference on Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (FCST 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120807.
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One major problem in Natural Language Processing is the automatic analysis and representation of human language. Human language is ambiguous and deeper understanding of semantics and creating human-to-machine interaction have required an effort in creating the schemes for act of communication and building common-sense knowledge bases for the ‘meaning’ in texts. This paper introduces computational methods for semantic analysis and the quantifying the meaning of short scientific texts. Computational methods extracting semantic feature are used to analyse the relations between texts of messages and ‘representations of situations’ for a newly created large collection of scientific texts, Leicester Scientific Corpus. The representation of scientific-specific meaning is standardised by replacing the situation representations, rather than psychological properties, with the vectors of some attributes: a list of scientific subject categories that the text belongs to. First, this paper introduces ‘Meaning Space’ in which the informational representation of the meaning is extracted from the occurrence of the word in texts across the scientific categories, i.e., the meaning of a word is represented by a vector of Relative Information Gain about the subject categories. Then, the meaning space is statistically analysed for Leicester Scientific Dictionary-Core and we investigate ‘Principal Components of the Meaning’ to describe the adequate dimensions of the meaning. The research in this paper conducts the base for the geometric representation of the meaning of texts.
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Tian, Wencan, Ruonan Cai, Guangyao Zhang, and Zhigang Hu. "Dynamic interaction effect of funding rate and research output." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/64303cbc1b3c193fbf908a93.
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Based on an analysis using the PVAR (Panel Vector Autoregression) model of more than 13 million papers from 171 SCI disciplines in the past decade (2011-2020), we examined the dynamic interaction effects between funding rate and research output, as well as heterogeneity across different subject areas. The results indicate that an increasing funding rate can lead to an increase in research output. Specifically, in engineering, the funding rate has the most significant promotion effect on research output. On the other hand, the reverse promotion effect of research output on the funding rate is not significant. By providing more rigorous and substantive evidence on the highly regarded research topic of the relationship between funding rate and research output through large-scale data analysis, we offer useful insights for management departments to better understand the research benefits that funding provides in the research process.
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Çevik Çedikçi, Tuğçe, and Gonca Yıldırım. "A Research Study on the Public Relations & Publicity and Advertising Students Accreditation Perception Within the Scope of Quality Management." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.015.
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Everything rapidly changes in economic, political, social, and cultural terms during this information and communication era. In this context, higher education institutions need to improve and renew their educationtraining systems and administrative mentalities to meet today’s and future necessities. Therefore, Total Quality Management (TQM), which is meeting the necessities of internal and external stakeholders with the participation of all employees under increasing competitive pressure, has lately started to be included in the administrative mentalities of higher education institutions. In this regard, accreditation processes become part of sustaining the quality by improving and auditing its compliance with various standards and rules. This study examined accreditation perceptions of students of the Advertising program that was in the process of accreditation, and Public Relations and Publicity Program accredited by the ILEDAK, the authorized organization in the accreditation evaluations of the communications faculties in Turkey. This study aimed to compare the accreditation perceptions of students from two different departments, one of which was accredited within the scope of TQM and the other wasn’t. Since accreditation processes in the communication faculties just started a few years ago, no manuscript was written on the perception of accreditation in this field. This study is one of the first studies conducted on Public Relations and Advertising Programs in Turkey, making it authentic and more important compared to other studies. This study was based on the data of a questionnaire performed on 261 students reached through the convenience sampling method. Accreditation perceptions of the students studying in Public Relations and Publicity program that was accredited were higher compared to students of the Advertising program that was not accredited, and surprisingly, Advertising students had higher awareness related to this subject.
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Braun, Barbu cristian. "ASSISTED NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICAL SCREENING EVALUATION." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-249.
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The paper presents a new technology for assisted evaluation of the health status in terms of visual function, referring to screening evaluation for a sample of about 30 persons, aged between 20 and 30 years. It invokes to use a specific equipment for visual parameters evaluation, connected to a PC, having the possibility to run different tests, specific to the activities and jobs most often practiced: reading, driving, sportive activities, working to the PC etc. The procedure consisted into evaluation of each tested subject, by successively running of more tests, in same environment conditions (luminosity, temperature, humidity) and about at the same times. The stored data were statistically processed due to a software application, developed in the research activity. The aim is to highlight (by percentage) the cases of visual problems reported to different lifestyles. To highlight the cases of medical problems, the software application allows the comparative calculus of the visual function parameters, due to the previous registered data. In the actual stage it proceeds to software application programming for the data processing. Due to the statistic data that will be obtained, it will be possible to draw a conclusion on the medical problems incidence by categories of persons with different lifestyles.
Reports on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Other technology"
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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McGarrigle, M. Embedding Building Information Modelling into Construction Technology and Documentation Courses. Unitec ePress, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.005.
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The aim of this research is to generate a resource to assist construction lecturers in identifying opportunities where Building Information Modelling [BIM] could be employed to augment the delivery of subject content within individual courses on construction technology programmes. The methodology involved a detailed analysis of the learning objectives and underpinning knowledge of the course content by topic area, within the residential Construction Systems 1 course presently delivered at Unitec on the National Diplomas in Architectural Technology[NDAT], Construction Management [NDCM] and Quantity Surveying [NDQS]. The objective is to aid students’ understanding of specific aspects such as planning controls or sub-floor framing by using BIM models, and investigate how these could enhance delivery modes using image,animation and interactive student activity. A framework maps the BIM teaching opportunities against each topic area highlighting where these could be embedded into construction course delivery. This template also records software options and could be used in similar analyses of other courses within similar programmes to assist with embedding BIM in subject delivery.
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McGarrigle, M. Embedding Building Information Modelling into Construction Technology and Documentation Courses. Unitec ePress, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.005.
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The aim of this research is to generate a resource to assist construction lecturers in identifying opportunities where Building Information Modelling [BIM] could be employed to augment the delivery of subject content within individual courses on construction technology programmes. The methodology involved a detailed analysis of the learning objectives and underpinning knowledge of the course content by topic area, within the residential Construction Systems 1 course presently delivered at Unitec on the National Diplomas in Architectural Technology[NDAT], Construction Management [NDCM] and Quantity Surveying [NDQS]. The objective is to aid students’ understanding of specific aspects such as planning controls or sub-floor framing by using BIM models, and investigate how these could enhance delivery modes using image,animation and interactive student activity. A framework maps the BIM teaching opportunities against each topic area highlighting where these could be embedded into construction course delivery. This template also records software options and could be used in similar analyses of other courses within similar programmes to assist with embedding BIM in subject delivery.
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Jones, Nicole S., Jeri D. Ropero-Miller, Heather Waltke, Danielle McLeod-Henning, Danielle Weiss, and Hannah Barcus. Proceedings of the International Forensic Radiology Research Summit May 10–11, 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. RTI Press, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.cp.0005.1709.
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On May 10–11, 2016, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI; Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands), the International Society for Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI), the International Association of Forensic Radiographers (IAFR), and NIJ’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) at RTI International organized and convened the International Forensic Radiology Research Summit (IFRRS) at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. The summit assembled 40 international subject matter experts in forensic radiology, to include researchers, practitioners, government employees, and professional staff from 14 countries. The goal of this 2-day summit was to identify gaps, challenges, and research needs to produce a road map to success regarding the state of forensic radiology, including formulating a plan to address the obstacles to implementation of advanced imaging technologies in medicolegal investigations. These proceedings summarize the meeting’s important exchange of technical and operational information, ideas, and solutions for the community and other stakeholders of forensic radiology.
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Midak, Liliia Ya, Ivan V. Kravets, Olga V. Kuzyshyn, Khrystyna V. Berladyniuk, Khrystyna V. Buzhdyhan, Liliia V. Baziuk, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Augmented reality in process of studying astronomic concepts in primary school. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4411.
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The objective of the research is development a mobile application (on the Android platform) designed for visualization of the Solar System with the AR technology and the alphabet study, applying the astronomic definitions, which can be used by the teacher and the students for an effective training for studying the subjects of the astronomic cycle in primary school. Augmented Reality cards with the images of the Solar System planets and other celestial bodies were developed, as well as the “Space alphabet” was created. In the developed alphabet every letter of the alphabet becomes a certain celestial body or a different astronomic definition. Augmented Reality gives the opportunity to visualize images of the Solar System as much as possible, in other words to convert 2D images into 3D, as well as “make them alive”. Applying this tool of ICT while studying new data gives the ability to develop and improve the pupils’ spatial thinking, “to see” the invisible and to understand the perceived information in a deeper way, which will be beneficial for its better memorizing and development of computer skills. Studying the alphabet in the offered mobile app will definitely help nail the achieved knowledge and get interesting information about celestial bodies that are invisible and superior for kids; to make a journey into the space, prepare a project on “The Space Mysteries” subject; to stimulate the development of curiosity, cognitive motivation and learning activity; the development of imagination, creative initiative, including speaking out.
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Olefirenko, Nadiia V., Ilona I. Kostikova, Nataliia O. Ponomarova, Liudmyla I. Bilousova, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. E-learning resources for successful math teaching to pupils of primary school. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3266.
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Ukrainian primary schools are undergoing significant changes as for Reform ‘New Ukrainian School’, it reflects rapid updating information technology and high level of children’ informational activity. Primary schools are basically focused on development subject knowledge and general study skills. One of the ways of their developing is to use tools and apps. There are the examples of using interactive tools and apps for teaching Math for young learners by teachers-to-be in the article. The article presents as well the experimental data about training teachers-to-be to use tools and apps. Interactive tools and apps provide real task variability, uniqueness of exercises, operative assessment of correction, adjustment of task difficulty, a shade of competitiveness and gaming to the exercises. To create their own apps teachers-to be use the tools that are the part of the integrated Microsoft Office package using designing environments, and other simple and convenient programs. The article presents experimental data about the results of training teachers-to-be to create apps. A set of criteria for creation apps was made and checked at the experimental research such as ability to develop apps, knowledge and understanding the functional capabilities of apps, knowledge of tools for creating apps and their functional capabilities, ability to select and formulate tasks for young learners, ability to assess adequately the quality of the developed apps.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Li, Baisong, and Bo Xu. PR-469-19604-Z01 Auto Diagnostic Method Development for Ultrasonic Flow Meter. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012204.
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The objectives of this research are to develop methods for performing ultrasonic flow meter (USM) diagnostic evaluation automatically and a software tool with all necessary attachments. USM-based diagnostics have been established and thirteen categories of knowledge rules of existing cases have been learned and integrated. A search engine for relevant standards, specifications, and other documents of the measurement system has been developed, which enables the free search of text content. Further, with the assistance of modern reasoning techniques, the authorized user only needs to configure an EXCEL file or scripts to activate the rules of the knowledge base by using Drools technology. Therefore, the integration of any potential knowledge rules is convenient and requires no professional skills or changing of the internal source code of the software. Secondly, a new flow meter diagnostic method is proposed based on multiple information methodologies and it is based on the real-time measurement data, operation data, and video data if applicable. The method is intended to identify abnormal states of the measurement system on a real-time basis with the assistance of the knowledge rules and to provide a strategy for mitigating the meter error of components within the measurement system. Thirdly, the applications of Gaussian quadrature diagnostics in daily acquisition nomination change situations and compressor-induced pulsating flow scenarios have been investigated and results are shown in the document. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the measurement uncertainty caused by compressor-induced pulsating flows is obvious, while the measurement uncertainty caused by daily acquisition nomination change is relatively smaller. The software is then developed based on the knowledge, the idea of multiple information methods, and applications of the Gaussian quadrature diagnostics method with all necessary attachments. The architecture, the algorithm, and a few examples are introduced.
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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.
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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Export of Digital Surveillance Technologies From China to Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.123.
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There is evidence to show that Chinese companies, with some state credit backing, are selling digital surveillance technologies to developing countries, which are then sometimes used in authoritarian practices. However, there is little direct evidence to show that surveillance technologies sold by Chinese companies have more authoritarian potential than the technologies sold by non-Chinese companies. Some researchers define “surveillance technologies” as including any form of digital infrastructure. There is data to show that developing country governments are contracting Chinese companies to build digital infrastructures. Other researchers define “surveillance technologies” as smart city projects. It is estimated that in 2019, Chinese smart city technologies have been purchased in over 100 countries worldwide. Other researchers look at more specific elements of smart cities: There are estimates that the “AI surveillance” components of smart cities have been purchased in 47-65 countries worldwide, and the “data integration” security platforms in at least 80 countries. None of these figures imply anything about how these technologies are used. The “dual use” nature of these technologies means that they can have both legitimate civilian and public safety uses as well as authoritarian control uses. There is evidence of some governments in Africa using Chinese surveillance technologies to spy on political opponents and arrest protesters. Some authors say that some Chinese smart city projects are actually not very effective, but still provide governments with a “security aesthetic”. Research also shows that Chinese smart city technologies have been sold mostly to illiberal regimes. However, in the wider context, there is also ample evidence of non-Chinese surveillance technologies contributing to authoritarian control in developing countries. There is also evidence that UK companies sell surveillance technologies to mostly illiberal regimes. Some reports consulted for this rapid review imply that Chinese surveillance technologies are more likely to be used for authoritarian control than those sold by non-Chinese companies. This analysis is largely based on circumstantial rather than direct evidence. They rely on prior judgements, which are themselves subject to ongoing enquiry in the literature: Almost all of the reports consulted for this rapid review say that the most important factor determining whether governments in developing countries will deploy a particular technology for repressive purposes is the quality of governance in the country. No reports were found in the literature reviewed of Chinese state pressure on developing countries to adopt surveillance technologies, and there were some anecdotal reports of officials in developing countries saying they did not come under any pressure to buy from Chinese companies.