Academic literature on the topic 'Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering physics'

The research aimed to analyse the scientific attitude profile of prospective physics teacher students in the Physics Experiment II course for Direct Electric Circuits. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The research subjects are students of the Physics Education Study Program, Sriwijaya University, in the academic year 2021/2022, for the Palembang class. The selection of research samples using a purposive sampling technique for 25 students. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, self-assessment questionnaires, peer-to-peer assessment questionnaires, and unstructured interviews. Each questionnaire contains 25 statements with four answer categories to produce polytomy data. The data analysis technique of this research uses the Rasch model with the help of the Winstep application. The results of the study showed that the scientific attitude of curiosity was 83.33 in very good category; the honest scientific attitude of 58.33 category enough; the scientific attitude of critical thinking is 75.33 good category; the scientific attitude of cooperation is 83.33 very good category; the scientific attitude of the discipline of 100 categories is very good; and a thorough scientific attitude of 100 very good categories. The causes of low honest scientific attitude in students are caused by low self-confidence and errors in understanding and concluding statements.Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis profil sikap ilmiah mahasiswa calon guru fisika pada mata kuliah Praktikum Fisika Dasar II materi Rangkaian Listrik Searah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian yaitu Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Sriwijaya tahun akademik 2021/2022 kelas Palembang. Adapun pemilihan sampel penelitian menggunaka teknik purposive sampling kepada 25 orang mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, angket penilaian diri, angket penilaian antar teman, dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Angket masing-masing memuat 25 pernyataan dengan 4 kategori jawaban sehingga menghasilkan data politomi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap ilmiah rasa ingin tahu sebesar 83,33 kategori baik sekali; sikap ilmiah jujur sebesar 58,33 kategori cukup; sikap ilmiah berpikir kritis sebesar 75,33 kategori baik; sikap ilmiah kerjasama sebesar 83,33 kategori baik sekali; sikap ilmiah disiplin sebesar 100 kategori baik sekali; dan sikap ilmiah teliti sebesar 100 kategori baik sekali. Adapun penyebab rendahnya sikap ilmiah jujur pada mahasiswa disebabkan oleh rendahnya percaya diri dan terjadi kekeliruan dalam memahami serta menyimpulkan pernyataan.

In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.

The development of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the digitization and automation of manufacturing processes have created a demand for designing smart warehouses to support manufacturing processes. Warehousing is one of the fundamental processes in the supply chain, and is responsible for handling inventory. Efficient execution of warehouse operations often determines the effectiveness of realized goods flows. Therefore, digitization and its use in exchanging information between partners, especially real-time inventory levels, is critical. For this reason, the digital solutions of Industry 4.0 have quickly found application in internal logistics processes and enabled the design of smart warehouses, also known as Warehouse 4.0. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the conducted review of publications on the design and operation of warehouses using the concepts of Industry 4.0. A total of 249 documents from the last 5 years were accepted for analysis. Publications were searched for in the Web of Science database using the PRISMA method. The article presents in detail the research methodology and the results of the biometric analysis. Based on the results, a two-level classification framework was proposed, which includes 10 primary categories and 24 subcategories. Each of the distinguished categories was characterized based on the analyzed publications. It should be noted that in most of these studies, the authors’ attention primarily focused on the implementation of (1) Industry 4.0 technological solutions, such as IoT, augmented reality, RFID, visual technology, and other emerging technologies; and (2) autonomous and automated vehicles in warehouse operations processes. Critical analysis of the literature also allowed us to identify the current research gaps, which will be the subject of further research by the authors.

Discrimination of eye movements and visual states is a flourishing field of research and there is an urgent need for non-manual EEG-based wheelchair control and navigation systems. This paper presents a novel system that utilizes a brain–computer interface (BCI) to capture electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from human subjects while eye movement and subsequently classify them into six categories by applying a random forests (RF) classification algorithm. RF is an ensemble learning method that constructs a series of decision trees where each tree gives a class prediction, and the class with the highest number of class predictions becomes the model’s prediction. The categories of the proposed random forests brain–computer interface (RF-BCI) are defined according to the position of the subject’s eyes: open, closed, left, right, up, and down. The purpose of RF-BCI is to be utilized as an EEG-based control system for driving an electromechanical wheelchair (rehabilitation device). The proposed approach has been tested using a dataset containing 219 records taken from 10 different patients. The BCI implemented the EPOC Flex head cap system, which includes 32 saline felt sensors for capturing the subjects’ EEG signals. Each sensor caught four different brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) per second. Then, these signals were split in 4-second windows resulting in 512 samples per record and the band energy was extracted for each EEG rhythm. The proposed system was compared with naïve Bayes, Bayes Network, k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), J48-C4.5 decision tree, and Bagging classification algorithms. The experimental results showed that the RF algorithm outperformed compared to the other approaches and high levels of accuracy (85.39%) for a 6-class classification are obtained. This method exploits high spatial information acquired from the Emotiv EPOC Flex wearable EEG recording device and examines successfully the potential of this device to be used for BCI wheelchair technology.

Background: The Pilots for Healthy and Active Ageing (PHArA-ON) project aimsto ensure reality smart and active living for Europe’s ageing population by creating a set of integrated and highly customizable interoperable open platforms with advanced services, devices, and technologies and tools. The aim of the present study was to determine the needs and preferences of older people and their caregivers for improving healthy and active aging and guiding the technological development of thePHArA-ON system. Methods: A pre-structured interview was administered to older adults, informal caregivers and professional caregivers (including social operators) taking part in the piloting sessions. Results: Interviews were carried out in Umana Persone Social Enterprise R&D Network (UP) in Tuscany, and Ospedale Casa SollievodellaSofferenza (CSS) in Apulia. A total of 22 older adults, 22 informal caregivers, 13 professional caregivers and 4 social operators were recruited. A prioritization analysis of services, according to the stakeholder’s needs, has determined two fundamental need categories: Heath Management (i.e., stimulation and monitoring), and Socialisation (i.e., promoting social inclusion). Conclusions: The main scientific contributions to this study are the following: to design and evaluate technology in the context of healthy and active ageing, to acquire relevant knowledge on user needs to develop technologies that can handle the real life situations of older people, obtain useful insights about the attitude and availability of end-users in using technologies in clinical practice, and to provide important guidelines to improve the PHArA-ON system. Specific experimentation stages were also carried out to understand which kind of technology is more acceptable, and to obtain feedback regarding the development priority related to the impact of the proposed services. Research through fruitful and continuous interaction with the different subjects involved in the development process of the system, as well as with stakeholders, enabled the implementation of a platform which could be further and easily integrated and improved.

A comprehensive review of the main existing devices, based on the classic and new related Hall Effects is hereby presented. The review is divided into sub-categories presenting existing macro-, micro-, nanoscales, and quantum-based components and circuitry applications. Since Hall Effect-based devices use current and magnetic field as an input and voltage as output. researchers and engineers looked for decades to take advantage and integrate these devices into tiny circuitry, aiming to enable new functions such as high-speed switches, in particular at the nanoscale technology. This review paper presents not only an historical overview of past endeavors, but also the remaining challenges to overcome. As part of these trials, one can mention complex design, fabrication, and characterization of smart nanoscale devices such as sensors and amplifiers, towards the next generations of circuitry and modules in nanotechnology. When compared to previous domain-limited text books, specialized technical manuals and focused scientific reviews, all published several decades ago, this up-to-date review paper presents important advantages and novelties: Large coverage of all domains and applications, clear orientation to the nanoscale dimensions, extended bibliography of almost one hundred fifty recent references, review of selected analytical models, summary tables and phenomena schematics. Moreover, the review includes a lateral examination of the integrated Hall Effect per sub-classification of subjects. Among others, the following sub-reviews are presented: Main existing macro/micro/nanoscale devices, materials and elements used for the fabrication, analytical models, numerical complementary models and tools used for simulations, and technological challenges to overcome in order to implement the effect in nanotechnology. Such an up-to-date review may serve the scientific community as a basis for novel research oriented to new nanoscale devices, modules, and Process Development Kit (PDK) markets.

Erosion caused by solid particle impact is a very common phenomenon. In many fields such as particle (or slurry) transportation, equipment protection in a dust environment, turbine engineering, etc., prevention of particle erosion is the task. In other applications, it is used as a tool for desirable material removal, surface cleaning, controlled destruction, numerous studies on this subject have been conducted by researchers from many disciplines including physics, material science, mechanics, manufacturing, standardization, etc.. To provide a comprehensive view of the problem of erosion by solid particle impact, a review is conducted based on the literature collected on material subject of erosion by solid particle impact. The reviewed works are limited to ductile material erosion and four categories: erosion mechanism, parametric studies, material removal modeling and simulation modeling.

This study explores a bibliometric approach to quantitatively assessing current research trends on sludge, by using the related literature published between 2000 and 2011. The articles acquired from such literature were concentrated on the general analysis by publication type and language, characteristics of articles outputs, country, subject categories and the frequency of title-words used. Over the past 12 years, there had been a notable growth trend in publication outputs, along with more participation of countries/territories. An analysis of the title-words showed that wastewater treatment was still the most hot topic in sludge research and wastewater, heavy metal, waste water treatment and anaerobic digestion were recent major topics of sludge research. Besides, membrane bioreactor technology has been advancing rapidly around the world and became an ideal way to reduce sludge production in the wastewater treatment process.

This paper aims to evaluate the knowledge landscape of the phytoremediation of heavy metals (HMs) by constructing a series of scientific maps and exploring the research hotspots and trends of this field. This study presents a review of 6873 documents published about phytoremediation of HMs in the international context from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (1989–2018). Two different processing software applications were used, CiteSpace and Bibliometrix. This research field is characterized by high interdisciplinarity and a rapid increase in the subject categories of engineering applications. The basic supporting categories mainly included “Environmental Sciences & Ecology”, “Plant Sciences”, and “Agriculture”. In addition, there has been a trend in recent years to focus on categories such as “Engineering, Multidisciplinary”, “Engineering, Chemical”, and “Green & Sustainable Science & Technology”. “Soil”, “hyperaccumulator”, “enrichment mechanism/process”, and “enhance technology” were found to be the main research hotspots. “Wastewater”, “field crops”, “genetically engineered microbes/plants”, and “agromining” may be the main research trends. Bibliometric and scientometric analysis are useful methods to qualitatively and quantitatively measure research hotspots and trends in phytoremediation of HM, and can be widely used to help new researchers to review the available research in a certain research field.

Abstract: Today, in word of competition, especially for jr college student preparing 11 th std. and 12 th std for appearing NEET AND JEE, (OTHER EQUIVALENTS) Face a big challenge in understanding, Appling and ultimately scoring physics. majority of students face this problem. Physics is the subject known for enhancing analytical skills of learner but the education system is redirecting the subject to subject of memorization, therby a wrong approach ,suppressing the vary scientist in the student Majorities Teachers /educators has approach of getting formulas memorized, as a conventional approach which in turn harms the basic purpose of studing physics. This research paper study tries to indicate right way for student and educator through an exclusive survey of 3000+ student group who score high marks, low marks Keywords: NEET /JEE PHYSICS

Lo scopo del lavoro sperimentale della presente tesi di Dottorato e' stato focalizzato allo studio della reazione di sintesi di un'innovativa classe di tecnopolimeri a base aromatica aventi una struttura parzialmente polare; i poli(arilen eteri-solfoni) (PES). Tale studio sperimentale avra' l'obiettivo, a partire dai dati di letteratura e dall'esperienza maturata dal gruppo di ricerca nel settore, di studiare la cinetica della reazione di policondensazione, e partendo dai risultati di tale studio riuscire a mettere a punto un metodo innovativo di sintesi per questa classe di macromolecole, in alternativa al metodo gia' utilizzato. Cio' sarebbe particolarmente utile per riuscire ad ottenere materiali idonei ad essere utilizzati in determinati campi applicativi, dato che con le tecniche tradizionali di sintesi i polimeri non garantiscono le proprieta' chimiche, termiche e meccaniche richieste.
The purpose of the experimental work of this PhD thesis was focused on the study of the synthesis reaction of an innovative class of polymers based on aromatic structure with a polar part, the poly (arylene ether-sulfone) (PES). This experimental study will aim, starting from literature data and experience gained by the research team in the field, to study the kinetics of polycondensation reaction, and from the results of this study fail to develop an innovative method synthesis for this class of macromolecules, as an alternative to the method already in use. This would be particularly useful to be able to obtain materials suitable for use in specific application fields, as with traditional techniques of synthetic polymers do not provide the chemical, thermal and mechanical requirements.

Implantación de la Norma NOM-011-STPS-2001 en el Taller de Diseño y Desarrollo de Prototipos del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México para Integrarlo al programa de Autogestión en Seguridad y salud en el trabajo de la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social
El presente trabajo escrito presenta la propuesta para la implantación de la Norma NOM-011-STPS-2001, condiciones de seguridad e higiene en los centros de trabajo donde se genere ruido en el Taller de Diseño y Desarrollo de Prototipos del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México para integrarlo al Programa de Autogestión en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Además de que con la implantación de esta norma se pretende generar una cultura de seguridad y salud en los espacios donde se generan actividades durante el desarrollo de Unidades de Aprendizaje del Programa Educativo de Ingeniería Industrial. Lo anterior se puede lograr con la aplicación de concomimientos de seguridad e higiene adquiridos en mencionadas unidades de aprendizaje, mismos que sin duda es un campo en el cual el estudiante de ingeniería industrial al terminar sus estudios puede incursionar de manera eficiente en el mundo laboral para la solución de problemas que mencionado campo conlleva. Con los conocimientos adquiridos y con la propuesta de implantación de la norma mencionada anteriormente se podrá ingresar al Programa de Autogestión en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (PASST) para lograr en algún momento dado el reconocimiento de Empresa Segura para el Taller de Diseño y Desarrollo de Prototipos que emite la STPS. Adicionalmente con lo anterior se puede brindar condiciones de seguridad y salud específicamente cuando se desarrollen actividades donde pueda generarse ruido para todos los usuarios y así asegurar una integridad física y de salud colaborando en el desarrollo de conocimientos aplicados y adquiridos de la ingeniería industrial en el campo de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.

MANUFACTURA Y PROCESAMIENTO DE MATERIALES AVANZADOS CERMETS BASE ALÚMINA REFORZADOS CON PARTICULAS DE PLATA
En esta investigación se realizó el estudio de un material cerámico avanzado, este material compuesto está formado por el sistema cerámico-metal también denominado CERMET. El sistema de estudio en particular está formado por alúmina-plata, el material cerámico y el material metálico utilizado en este sistema son alúmina (Al2O3) comercial en polvo de la marca Reasol con una pureza de 99.2% y plata (Ag) comercial en polvo de la marca Meyer con una pureza del 99.99%. La composición química del sistema consiste en la base cerámica con adiciones de plata al 5% y 10% en peso. La composición química en polvos del material compuesto (Al2O3-Ag) se sometió a un proceso de mezcla molienda en un molino de giro planetario de alta energía de la marca Fritsch durante un periodo de 2 horas a 200 rpm. Posteriormente los polvos fueron compactados uniaxialmente en frio mediante una prensa hidráulica a una presión de 200 MPa para obtener muestras cilíndricas de 20 mm de diámetro y un espesor de 5 mm. Las muestras compactadas fueron sometidas al proceso de sinterización a una velocidad de calentamiento de 25 °C/min a una temperatura de sinterización de 1500°C y 1600 °C expuestos a un tiempo de 1 y 2 horas, en una atmósfera controlada con gas nitrógeno y enfriamiento en horno. Posterior al proceso de sinterizado se determinó la densidad y porosidad a las muestras obtenidas a partir del principio de Arquímedes. Se realizó un análisis por microscopia óptica (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB/EDX) para observar las características microesctructurales de los materiales fabricados. El MEB está equipado con un detector de energía dispersiva de rayos-X (EDX) el cual se ocupó para realizar un análisis puntual en diferentes zonas de los materiales manufacturados e identificar los elementos químicos de las especies existentes en el sistema fabricado. Finalmente se determinó la propiedad mecánica de dureza Vickers con un indentador de punta de diamante, en un microdurómetro de la marca EMCOTEST que esta acondicionado con un software que determina la dureza a partir de la medición del tamaño de las diagonales de la huella del indentador Vickers y la carga aplicada.

PLANEACIÓN DE MATERIALES PARA LAS REVISTAS TV y NOVELAS Y VANIDADES DE EDITORIAL TELEVISA
El presente reporte desarrolla la planeación de materiales para imprimir dos revistas de Editorial TELEVISA, las cuales son líderes en ventas. TV y Novelas, revista dirigida al gran sector de público televidente, que quiere enterarse de lo que pasa en la vida de la farándula y el medio del espectáculo. VANIDADES, revista dirigida a las mujeres que quieren enterarse de la vida de las celebridades alrededor del mundo y que gustan de las últimas tendencias de la moda y belleza, es conservadora sin llegar a ser audaz. Editorial TELEVISA tiene más títulos, sin embargo, la planeación de materiales en ambos casos se presenta con mayor frecuencia comparado con otros títulos sobre todo a lo que se refiere al consumo de papel tanto de los interiores como de la portada, que aparte de ser los principales materiales para la elaboración de revistas representa el 74 % del costo de producción. Capitulo I. Definición y caracterización del problema y su relación con el plan de estudios cursado. Se hace una presentación de la empresa y de sus principales características, se define el problema a tratar y las consecuencias que tiene en su entorno, también se mencionan las materias de la carrera de ingeniería industrial con las que se tiene relación y como los conocimientos obtenidos al cursarlas son utilizados para presentar una propuesta de mejora en la planeación de materiales para hacer frente a la problemática que actualmente enfrentan la editorial. Al hablar del marco teórico se presenta de forma amplia todos los conceptos que se utilizan para poder realizar un adecuado tratamiento de la problemática presentada. Capitulo II. Análisis de alternativas previas de solución. Se hace una breve descripción de la industria gráfica y del proceso de producción gráfico, se plantea una propuesta de solución y se hace una delimitación del problema a solucionar. Capitulo III. Solución propuesta o implementada. Presenta el desarrollo metodológico de la solución a la problemática, así como también el impacto que se tiene en los resultados con el desarrollo del nuevo método de planeación de materiales. Capítulo IV. Conclusiones y sugerencias. Se exponen las conclusiones obtenidas en la solución del problema y las sugerencias de mejora al sistema. Fuentes bibliográficas. Describen los libros utilizados, las páginas de internet consultadas y las revistas que sirvieron de consulta para realizar el Reporte.

PROCESO DE MEJORA PARA LA OPTIMIZACIÓN DE TIEMPOS EN EL ÁREA DE COTIZACIONES DE MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC DE MÉXICO S.A. C.V.
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC DE MÉXICO S.A. de C.V., es una empresa dedicada a la fabricación, venta, instalación y mantenimiento de elevadores para el mercado mexicano. Mitsubishi Electric de México S.A. de C.V., ha vendido más de 2000 elevadores y escaleras eléctricas, y ha exportado un número similar de elevadores. Como referencia, es importante mencionar que en la actualidad más del 50% de los equipos que son utilizados en el metro de la Ciudad de México han sido fabricados por Mitsubishi Electric de México S.A. de C.V. Considerando que la calidad en el servicio al cliente es uno de los puntos primordiales que se deben cumplir dentro de cada una de las empresas; sin importar el tamaño, estructura y naturaleza de sus operaciones, deben de demostrar la capacidad que tienen para desempeñarse en esta área, ya que al ser la primera imagen que se da a los clientes ayuda a mantenerse en la preferencia de los mismos, y si se llega a alterar pueden convertirse en una amenaza. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones puede llegar a ser empleado por las organizaciones incorrectamente, afectando tanto al desarrollo y crecimiento de las mismas, por lo cual, principalmente se debe definir la importancia de dicho servicio al cliente, para poder estructurar adecuadamente la forma más óptima de llevarlo a cabo. En la actualidad las Empresas no pueden sobrevivir por simple hecho de realizar un buen trabajo o crear un buen producto. Es por eso que cada empresa debe de poner particular atención en la queja de sus clientes y poder solucionar estos problemas. A medida que pasa el tiempo, se hace más urgente y necesaria la aplicación correcta y efectiva del servicio al cliente en establecimientos comerciales de pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas; así como en instituciones e incluso en nuestra vida diaria, esto debido a que en la actualidad todos ofrecemos, desde bienes y servicios hasta la imagen que proyectamos a los demás. En este sentido y considerando que la empresa no solo vende equipo sino también servicio tiene puntos de mejora que son imprescindibles de atender para garantizar al cliente un servicio de calidad. Actualmente en Mitsubishi Electric de México S.A. de C.V. en el área de cotizaciones se presentan descontentos por parte de los clientes debido a que argumentan que la empresa les ofrece un mal servicio en el excesivo tiempo de elaboración de cotizaciones. La inconformidad del cliente está justificada debido a que cuando sus equipos requieren refacciones por mantenimiento preventivo o correctivo estas no son adquiridas a tiempo por falta del presupuesto que permita dar solución a su problema ya que a su vez estos no ofrecen buen servicio en sus equipos generando conflicto con el servicio que ofrecen, convirtiéndose esta situación en una cadena de inconformidades. Por lo anterior en este trabajo se pretende encontrar un método de mejora para la optimización de tiempos en el área de cotizaciones que permita tener un proceso más eficiente para dar mejor servicio. Este proceso consiste esencialmente en detectar las principales inconformidades de los clientes y de la problemática en el área de cotizaciones ya que es demasiado tardado de esta manera identificar la causa raíz de la demora, posteriormente la información es analizada para establecer los procedimientos a seguir y establecer el procedimiento de mejora de acuerdo al análisis y la identificación del área de oportunidad en la elaboración de cotización de refacciones para elevadores y escaleras eléctricas, con base en el diagnóstico. Las herramientas metodológicas de apoyo para realizar este trabajo son: encuestas de servicio, diagrama de Pareto, diagramas de causa y efecto, histograma y teoría de colas.

La stima della risposta sismica di edifici storici in muratura a carattere monumentale costituisce un argomento di estrema rilevanza, ma allo stesso tempo, di difficile soluzione. I metodi di modellazione piu' accurati agli elementi finiti non lineari, capaci di cogliere la risposta non lineare e il progressivo degrado del solido murario soggetto ad azioni cicliche, richiedono la definizione di legami costitutivi complessi cui e' associato un enorme onere computazionale rendendo questi approcci non ancora pronti per essere applicati nella pratica ingegneristica. Nel passato diversi autori hanno sviluppato metodi semplificati alternativi che, a fronte di un ridotto onere computazionale, forniscono risultati sufficientemente accurati per poter essere utilizzati in ambito professionale. Tuttavia la maggior parte dei metodi semplificati proposti nella letteratura sono basati su ipotesi restrittive che rendo tali metodi inappropriati per essere applicati agli edifici monumentali. Nella tesi viene sviluppato un elemento discreto tridimensionale, capace di predire la risposta non lineare di elementi murari a geometria curva, quale evoluzione non banale di un approccio per macro-elementi sviluppato per la stima della risposta sismica di edifici in muratura. Il nuovo elemento discreto introdotto e sviluppato nella tesi arricchisce un nuovo approccio di modellazione per macroelementi dedicato alla modellazione sismica degli edifici storici a carattere monumentale.
The assessment of the seismic response of historical masonry buildings represents a subject of considerable importance but, at the same time, of very difficult task. Refined finite element numerical models, able to predict the non-linear dynamic mechanical behavior and the degradation of the masonry media, require sophisticated constitutive law and a huge computational cost that makes these methods nowadays not suitable for practical application. In the past many authors developed simplified or alternative methodologies that, with a reduced computational effort, should be able to provide numerical results that can be considered sufficiently accurate for engineering practice purposes. However most of these methods are based on simplified hypotheses that make these approaches inappropriate for monumental buildings. In this thesis a three dimensional discrete element model, able to predict the nonlinear behaviour of masonry shell elements, is presented as an extension of a previously introduced spatial discrete-element conceived for the simulation of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane behavior of masonry plane elements. The new macro-element enriches a larger computational framework, based on macro-element approach, devoted to the numerical simulation of the seismic behaviour of historical masonry structures.

DISEÑO DEL PROCESO DE MANUFACTURA DE CERÁMICOS AVANZADOS DE ÓXIDO DE ALUMINIO: EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA DE SINTERIZACIÓN PARA SU POSIBLE APLICACIÓN EN LA INDUSTRIA TEXTIL.
Durante los últimos años se han investigado y desarrollado diferentes materiales para diversos ámbitos de aplicación industrial, sin necesidad de indagar, solo basta con observar nuestro alrededor y son tangibles los avances y aplicaciones de nuevos materiales por ejemplo en la industria del transporte, aeronáutica, militar, naval, del deporte entre otras. Con este contexto, en esta investigación se han desarrollado materiales cerámicos para posibles aplicaciones en particular en la industria textil basados en la investigación de materiales cerámicos avanzados en donde se ha considerado principalmente el diseño del proceso de manufactura; buscando un material con propiedades específicas para mejorar las propiedades físicas de densidad y porosidad, sus propiedades mecánicas de dureza, tenacidad a la fractura, así como el de un proceso de menor costo, fácil, y con ahorro de energía. Se pretende establecer condiciones ideales para la fabricación de estos materiales que se proponen en este proyecto, a través del rediseño del proceso, en la busca de mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las ya existentes en el mercado y así mismo cumplir con materiales que tengan características que puedan aportar nuevos resultados para la industria textil. La cerámica avanzada utilizada en este trabajo es oxido de aluminio también conocido como Alúmina (Al2O3) y la consolidación de este material se realiza mediante el proceso de sinterización en estado sólido considerando como variable de estudio la temperatura en el proceso de sinterización y el agregado de aglutinantes de las muestras durante la compactación. Considerado que la etapa de conformado o compactado es el primer paso antes de la sinterización. La etapa de compactado inicia tomando en cuenta la no aplicación de aglutinantes en el material; es decir, se compactan muestras de material de únicamente polvos de alúmina comercial que servirán como referencia y comparativo cuando en esta misma etapa se compacten materiales usando aglutinantes como: Alcohol Polivinílico (PVA) y Polietileno Glycol (PEG) teniendo en cuenta que este hecho tiene un efecto en la consolidación del material. 5 El compactado de las muestras se realiza a partir de polvos de alúmina utilizando un dado de acero grado herramienta aplicando una presión uniaxial de 200 MPa en frio para obtener muestras cilíndricas de 20 mm de diámetro y 4 mm de espesor también llamadas muestras “en verde”, y son llamadas así porque han pasado por el proceso de sinterización, el tiempo de la carga máxima de trabajo es aplicada durante 30 segundos. Posteriormente los compactos en verde se someten al proceso de sinterizado o consolidación en estado sólido a 1600°C durante 1 hora utilizando un horno de resistencia eléctrica de alta temperatura. Una vez consolidados los materiales se le hace un análisis microestructural mediante microscopia óptica (MO), y sus propiedades físicas de densidad y porosidad se determinan por el principio de Arquímedes, y después son determinadas sus propiedades mecánicas de dureza y tenacidad a la fractura. Los resultados de las pruebas físicas de densidad y porosidad indican que la incorporación de los aglutinantes en la etapa del conformado como Alcohol Polivinílico (PVA) y Polietileno Glycol (PEG), mejoran las características físicas para el manejo de los materiales en verde, mientras que las muestras sinterizadas no presentan rastro de estos aglutinantes con respecto a las muestras que no lo contienen, además se observan cambios microestructurales en estos mismos materiales.

Manual de procedimientos para la selección de materias primas en el desarrollo de insecticidas de industrias h-24 s.a. De c.v.
El departamento de Aseguramiento y Control de la Calidad de Industrias H24 S.A. DE C.V., cuenta con un sistema de gestión de calidad, que se encarga de diversas actividades, una de estas es la selección de materia prima para los productos de la compañía. Esta actividad no contaba con un manual de procedimientos para realizar las pruebas de selección de materia prima (fragancias); al no contar con un manual se corre el riesgo de cometer errores antes, durante y después de las pruebas por parte del analista que las realiza y también, por otra parte, se corría el riesgo de seleccionar materia prima no óptima para el producto y por ende se obtenían productos de baja calidad. Dado lo anterior se consideró que el sistema de gestión de calidad para esta actividad era ineficiente debido a que no se contaban con las pruebas redactadas ni con los formatos de evidencia para la mayoría de las pruebas; es por ello que surgió la necesidad de crear un manual de procedimientos para las pruebas. Este manual se desarrollo bajo la gruía técnica para elaborar o actualizar manuales de procedimientos de la PROFECO, con el fin de obtener un documento físico para el departamento, para ser utilizado por los analistas que realizan las pruebas o para capacitar al personal que se integre en un futuro al departamento. El desarrollo de este manual se baso en una investigación de información primaria (Toda la información con la que contaba la empresa con respecto a las pruebas: procedimientos, formatos, manuales, entrevistas, etc.) y de información secundaria (Páginas de internet, libros, revistas, guía técnica de la PROFECO, etc.), esta información recabada sirvió para hacer un análisis, establecer y estructurar el trabajo. El manual, resultado de este trabajo, va permitir capacitar a nuevo personal, se tendrá un orden y una secuencia en la aplicación de las pruebas. Y por otra parte se va contar con una trazabilidad de los materiales seleccionados y de los productos de la compañía, sirviendo esta información para las auditorias que se realicen al departamento.

DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN COMPENDIO DE MÉTODOS DE PRUEBA APLICADOS AL CONTROL DE CALIDAD EN LA MANUFACTURA DE PERFILES DE ALUMINIO PARA EL LABORATORIO DE ANÁLISIS INDUSTRIALES E INVESTIGACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA EDUCATIVO DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO UAEM VALLE DE MÉXICO
El presente proyecto registra un contenido completo sobre los requerimientos del diseño e implementación de un compendio de métodos de prueba aplicados al control de calidad en la manufactura de perfiles de aluminio para el laboratorio de análisis industriales e investigación del programa educativo de ingeniería industrial del centro universitario UAEM valle de México. Para poder ejemplificar y dar a conocer estos métodos, la información se basa en las actividades realizadas dentro de la empresa Cuprum S.A. de C.V., lo cual ayuda a otorgar las tareas que hoy en día se llevan a cabo en este sector de la industria. En el capítulo 1 se da a conocer los pasos base del proceso de extrusión del aluminio de cómo se va formando hasta su figura final y traslado. En el capítulo 2 se aborda sobre los procesos de acabado y mecanizado de los perfiles de aluminio, lo cual da una mayor visión de las condiciones en las que los perfiles de aluminio son ocupados en sus múltiples usos y ocupaciones. En el capítulo 3 se detallan los elementos esenciales para que un perfil de aluminio tenga la condición de uso propicia para su usó ya que esto lo determina la aleación, el temple y las propiedades químicas y mecánicas que cada perfil requiera. En el capítulo 4 y 5 se aborda el tema de calidad y las normas que rigen nacional e internacionalmente la fabricación de perfiles de aluminio y de cuáles son las características que cada perfil debe cumplir para poder ser usado. En el capítulo 6 se dan a conocer los usos y aplicaciones más comunes en los que son usados los perfiles de aluminio. En el capítulo 7 se enuncian las soluciones propuestas a implementar en el laboratorio de Ingeniería, así como las evaluaciones de las mismas. Por último, se muestran como anexos las prácticas de liberación de los perfiles de aluminio con acabado anodizado, lo cual ayuda a los alumnos a conocer la importancia de los requisitos que debe cumplir cada perfil de aluminio y poder ser usado en el mercado.

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA NORMA OFICIAL MEXICANA NOM-002-STPS-2010 EN LA EMPRESA TEXTIL BLUE GIANT.
Este documento muestra una implementación y propuestas dentro de la empresa textil “BLUE GIANT” tal implementación se basó acorde a la norma oficial mexicana NOM-002-STPS-2010 condiciones de seguridad - prevención y protección contra incendios en los centros de trabajo. Al implementar esta norma se buscaba establecer condiciones de seguridad de las instalaciones de la empresa para su adecuado funcionamiento y conservación y así prevenir riesgos a los trabajadores. Al igual se pretende generar una cultura de seguridad en los espacios donde se generan actividades directas e indirectas al producto fabricado. Se muestran resultados tangibles y las evidencias de antes y después de tal implementación del mismo modo se presentan propuestas que se pueden aplicar en un futuro y así mejorar aún más las condiciones de seguridad dentro de la empresa. Lo anterior se puede lograr con la aplicación de conocimientos de seguridad e higiene adquiridos en mencionadas unidades de aprendizaje, mismos que sin duda es un campo en el cual el estudiante de ingeniería industrial al terminar sus estudios puede incursionar de manera eficiente en el mundo laboral para la solución de problemas que mencionado campo conlleva.

All tools humanity uses are extensions of their physical and/or virtual reach, towards a specific purpose or to fulfill a particular, specified, or dedicated task. The tool is handled, initiated and actively guided to participate in interaction, perception, and/or interpretation of the world around us. Tools mediate in action and interaction, like handling a toothbrush to gain a fresh set of cleaned teeth or to use a hammer to pound nails in a material. The real physicality of these human interactions convey a lot of information and creates knowledge in various levels of insight and understanding. Not only in terms of feeling satisfied in the accomplishment of a task, but also in the experience of tool use and succesful interaction. Furthermore, metacognitive aspects of tool use occur when human beings and tools work together and can be seen as an action-based method of advancing knowledge. In the quotidian, a mixture of tools (i.e. used, embedded) and tool activities occur to directly or indirectly interact with our physical and virtual surroundings, things, or systems. Analogue tools, like e.g. knives, pens, chairs and cars have different complexities, but through communicated ’meaning’ (Dewey, 2005) [9], these artifacts possess a distinct quality and intrinsic interaction of use. Some of these tools have very simple but effective use qualities and therefore are most of the time easy to understand in function and use. Other more sophisticated tools imply more study and demand lots of exercise (i.e. high learning threshold) in order to get the full benefit, function and gain in user experience (UX) and results. In the digital and virtual realms many varieties of computational tools are encountered. As a consequence, many categories and levels of tool use, usage through interaction, usability, user-skills and UX happen. The last decades showed a plethora of tool applications and tool interactions that eluded many users, consequently leading to misinterpretation, misguidance, frustration, reduction and inert mediocrity. Not to speculate that digital innovations and tools are defunct gadgets or not worthy of inclusion in daily life. On the contrary, digital technology plays a crucial role in our understanding of the physical and virtual worlds that co-exists and give us much broader boundless experiences and perspectives than ever before. The problem with most digital tools is, the constructed user interface (UI) and user interaction (UA) between a user and machine, as shown in, for example; Carroll, 1991 [5], Carroll, 2002 [6], Dix, 2009 [10], Hartson, 2003 [16], Piumsomboon et al., 2017 [31], Wendrich, 2016 [44], Rogers, 2011 [33]. This in turn has lead to more study and research being conducted on this subject over the last decades, what somehow lead to more confusion and misapprehension. Incremental improvements in UI have been explored and became a sort of standard, new approaches to UIs and UAs have appeared and wiped others, in some cases e.g. multi-touch sensing surfaces became a next step in interacting with the digital-virtual realms. This in turn lead to a leap in applications software (app) design to create tools that were easy to manipulate and use by swiping fingers across high-definition interactive icons to work the tool. However, how feebly, fleetly or superficial this type of mediated interactions may seem, somehow it became a prefered way of ’doing things.’ Gradually this kind of interaction became the standard, encroached with instant gratification and satisfaction. Eventually, everything is an approximation with human frailty, so is tool use and are tools, Figure 19.1.

The purpose of this chapter is to define information- based tools for the study of the human story in order to “informate” traditional historic findings. By “informate” one may understand a gain of additional information above that found by traditional processing of historical information, by applying modern cybernetic techniques that allow for the modeling and understanding of complexity. After literature, history is the most universal discipline of knowledge, passionately held (in their own particular versions) by millions of people on Earth. History makes us curious, perhaps because in it resides the puzzle of human existence, its successes and failures. We want to know the past because we want to learn “lessons of history” (Howard, 1991). Hence, history is popular and rich in its public role and its scientific methods are even the subject of philosophical debates. It is still debated, as Hegel (1956) stated, whether history is not chance but is rather a rational process operating according to laws of evolution and embodying the spirit of freedom. The 19th century’s positivism stipulated two roles for historians: to be disinterested observers and to find, in the records of the past, laws of human behavior. The 20th century’s tremendous progress in research and technology has influenced historians to consider history as a pure science with the emphasis on large-scale forces or structures instead of individuals (Breisach, 1983). As we move into the 21st century, new trends in the evolution of civilization, informatization and globalization, guide our awareness. These trends emphasize the application of information engineering skills and offer an expanded picture of human undertakings. The emerging world’s history of civilization in the making is no longer “sequential” and “slow” but now “instant” and “fast.” To understand such a dynamic civilization and take a pro-active role in it, one must develop new skills and new approaches to its study. Perhaps one should take examples from other sciences, for example, physics and chemistry, where modeling is applied in order to discover some common observations, rules, and laws. Of course, models do not completely reflect reality, but they are useful tools in grasping its essence and suggesting further investigations and quests for truth.

Since the late 1970’s, computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has attracted a large amount of research interest, which has led to a huge volume of literature published on this subject. The literature encompasses both reviews and research articles. The review articles are mostly technologically oriented. This paper takes a different angle to look back the CAPP research, that is, a statistic approach. The paper analyses the journals that have been publishing CAPP research works. The concept of “Subject Strength” of a journal is introduced and used to gauge the level of focus of a journal on a particular research subject/domain, i.e. CAPP. Discussions about the recent CAPP research works are presented in different categories as they fall in. The term “Technology Impact Factor (TIF)” is introduced to assess the level of impact of a particular technology, in terms of citation counts. All discussions and analyses are carried out based on the data gathered from the Elsevier’s Scopus abstract and citation database. Finally, a discussion on the future development is presented. The literature suggests that this is the only review article of the similar nature in the first decade of the century.

Construction is a volatile and highly uncertain industry that faces several challenges in terms of poor image, skills and labour shortage, exposure to adverse weather, macho culture, and stressful environment. The labour-intensive nature of construction industry leads to vertical and horizontal segregation within the workforce. This study focuses on the psychological health experienced by junior professionals from the time they join until they settle down in Sri Lanka. It is vital to keep the junior professionals in their best psychological position to ensure their continuity in the job. This study investigated the risk factors that contribute to psychological health of junior professionals in construction industry and proposed strategies to address such risk factors. The research adopted a qualitative survey strategy, where 24 semi-structured qualitative interviews, including 18 junior and 6 senior construction professionals, were conducted. The research identified 26 factors under five categories such as adverse nature, apprenticeship, company culture, competition and opinions. While conforming to the existing factors from literature, the research revealed new factors too. Few to name are some common factors such as lack of leisure events, deadlines, job uncertainty; some personal factors such as human behaviour, illegal activities, personal agendas, lack of belongingness, educational background, personal bias, and lack of confidence and some dependency factors such as lack of support from seniors and task-oriented training. The senior professionals, while agreeing to most of these factors, claimed these are mainly due to the limited subject specific knowledge and lack of awareness on the nature of the job including regulations and policies by junior professionals. Appointing a mental health monitoring officer, implementing stronger human resource management policies, investing on training and development, counselling and support systems and encouraging more social activities were some of the key strategies proposed to improve the psychological wellbeing of the junior professional. KEYWORDS: Psychological Health, Junior Professionals, Human Resources Management, Construction Organisations.

Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been a subject of focused research for the last three decades in the aerospace community. It has also received substantial attention in automotive application areas. The primary research driver has been the former because of available funding profiles. CFD technology available today is increasingly being applied to new areas partly due to the push for commercialization and partly due to changing funding distribution. Along with the scientific excitement and potential benefits of such use, one must exercise caution and be aware of cross-disciplinary issues. This paper attempts to qualitatively enumerate issues to be concerned about when considering the application of CFD-based methods to new areas.

Conventional residential building energy auditing needed to identify opportunities for energy savings is expensive and time consuming. On-site energy audits require quantification of envelope R-values, air and duct leakage, and heating and cooling system efficiencies. There is a need to advance lower cost automated approaches, which could include aerial and drive-by thermal imaging at-scale in an effort to measure the building R-value. However, single-point in time thermal images are generally qualitative, subject to errors stemming from building dynamics, background radiation, wind speed variation, night sky thermal radiation, and error in extracting temperature estimates from thermal images from surfaces with generally unknown emissivity. This work proposes two alternative approaches for estimating roof R-values from thermal imaging, one a physics based approach and the other a data-mining based approach. Both approaches employ aerial visual imagery to estimate the roof emissivity based on the color and type of roofing material, from which the temperature of the envelope can be estimated. The physics-based approach employs a dynamic energy model of the envelope with unknown R-value and thermal capacitance. These are tuned in order to predict the measured surface temperature at the time of the imaging, given the transient weather conditions prior to the imaging. The data-mining approach integrates the inferred temperature measurement, historical utility data, and easily accessible or potentially easily accessible housing data. A data mining regression model, trained from this data using residences with known R-values, is used to predict the roof R-value in the unknown houses. The data mining approach was shown to be a far superior approach, demonstrating an ability to estimate attic/roof R-value with an r-squared value of greater than 0.88 using as few as nine training houses. The implication of this research is significant, offering the possibility of auditing residences remotely at-scale via aerial and drive-by thermal imaging coupled with utility analysis.

Increased research into the chemistry, physics and material science of hydrogen cycling compounds has led to the rapid growth of solid-phase hydrogen-storage options. The operating conditions of these new options span a wide range: system temperature can be as low as 70K or over 600K, system pressure varies from less than 100kPa to 35MPa, and heat loads can be moderate or can be measured in megawatts. While the intense focus placed on storage materials has been appropriate, there is also a need for research in engineering, specifically in containment, heat transfer, and controls. The DOE’s recently proposed engineering center of expertise underscores the growing understanding that engineering research will play a role in the success of advanced hydrogen storage systems. Engineering a hydrogen system will minimally require containment of the storage media and control of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes, but an elegant system design will compensate for the storage media’s weaker aspects and capitalize on its strengths. To achieve such a complete solution, the storage tank must be designed to work with the media, the vehicle packaging, the power-plant, and the power-plant’s control system. In some cases there are synergies available that increase the efficiency of both subsystems simultaneously. In addition, system designers will need to make the hard choices needed to convert a technically feasible concept into a commercially successful product. Materials cost, assembly cost, and end of life costs will all shape the final design of a viable hydrogen storage system. Once again there is a critical role for engineering research, in this case into lower cost and higher performance engineering materials. Each form of hydrogen storage has its own, unique, challenges and opportunities for the system designer. These differing requirements stem directly from the properties of the storage media. Aside from physical containment of compressed or liquefied hydrogen, most storage media can be assigned to one of four major categories, chemical storage, metal hydrides, complex hydrides, or physisorption. Specific needs of each technology are discussed below. Physisorption systems currently operate at 77K with very fast kinetics and good gravimetric capacity; and as such, special engineering challenges center on controlling heat transfer. Excellent MLVSI is available, its cost is high and it is not readily applied to complex shape in a mass manufacture setting. Additionally, while the heat of adsorption on most physisorbents is a relatively modest 6–10kJ/mol H2, this heat must be moved up a 200K gradient. Physisorpion systems are also challenged on density. Consequently, methods for reducing the cost of producing and assembling compact, high-quality insulation, tank design to minimize heat transfer while maintaining manufacturability, improved methods of heat transfer to and from the storage media, and controls to optimize filling are areas of profitable research. It may be noted that the first two areas would also contribute to improvement of liquid hydrogen tanks. Metal hydrides are currently nearest application in the form of high pressure metal hydride tanks because of their reduced volume relative to compressed gas tanks of the same capacity and pressure. These systems typically use simple pressure controls, and have enthalpies of roughly 20kJ/mol H2 and plateau pressures of at most a few MPa. During filling, temperatures must be high enough to ensure fast kinetics, but kept low enough that the thermodynamically set plateau pressure is well below the filling pressure. To accomplish this balance the heat transfer system must handle on the order of 300kW during the 5 minute fill of a 10kg tank. These systems are also challenged on mass and the cost of the media. High value areas for research include: heat transfer inside a 35MPa rated pressure vessel, light and strong tank construction materials with reduced cost, and metals or other materials that do not embrittle in the presence of high pressure hydrogen when operated below ∼400K. The latter two topics would also have a beneficial impact on compressed gas hydrogen storage systems, the current “system to beat”. Complex hydrides frequently have high hydrogen capacity but also an enthalpy of adsorption >30kJ/mol H2, a hydrogen release temperature >370K, and in many cases multiple steps of adsorption/desorption with slow kinetics in at least one of the steps. Most complex hydrides are thermal insulators in the hydrided form. From an engineering perspective, improved methods and designs for cost effective heat transfer to the storage media in a 5 to 10MPa vessel is of significant interest, as are materials that resist embrittlement at pressures below 10MPa and temperatures below 500K. Chemical hydrides produce heat when releasing hydrogen; in some systems this can be managed with air cooling of the reactor, but in other systems that may not be possible. In general, chemical hydrides must be removed from the vehicle and regenerated off-board. They are challenged on durability and recycling energy. Engineering research of interest in these systems centers around maintaining the spent fuel in a state suitable for rapid removal while minimizing system mass, and on developing highly efficient recycling plant designs that make the most of heat from exothermic steps. While the designs of each category of storage tank will differ with the material properties, two common engineering research thrusts stand out, heat transfer and structural materials. In addition, control strategies are important to all advanced storage systems, though they will vary significantly from system to system. Chemical systems need controls primarily to match hydrogen supply to power-plant demand, including shut down. High pressure metal hydride systems will need control during filling to maintain an appropriately low plateau pressure. Complex hydrides will need control for optimal filling and release of hydrogen from materials with multi-step reactions. Even the relatively simple compressed-gas tanks require control strategies during refill. Heat transfer systems will modulate performance and directly impact cost. While issues such as thermal conductivity may not be as great as anticipated, the heat transfer system still impacts gravimetric efficiency, volumetric efficiency and cost. These are three key factors to commercial viability, so any research that improves performance or reduces cost is important. Recent work in the DOE FreedomCAR program indicates that some 14% of the system mass may be attributed to heat transfer in complex hydride systems. If this system is made to withstand 100 bar at 450K the material cost will be a meaningful portion of the total tank cost. Improvements to the basic shell and tube structures that can reduce the total mass of heat transfer equipment while maintaining good global and local temperature control are needed. Reducing the mass and cost of the materials of construction would also benefit all systems. Much has been made of the need to reduce the cost of carbon fiber in compressed tanks and new processes are being investigated. Further progress is likely to benefit any composite tank, not just compressed gas tanks. In a like fashion, all tanks have metal parts. Today those parts are made from expensive alloys, such as A286. If other structural materials could be proven suitable for tank construction there would be a direct cost benefit to all tank systems. Finally there is a need to match the system to the storage material and the power-plant. Recent work has shown there are strong effects of material properties on system performance, not only because of the material, but also because the material properties drive the tank design to be more or less efficient. Filling of a hydride tank provides an excellent example. A five minute or less fill time is desirable. Hydrogen will be supplied as a gas, perhaps at a fixed pressure and temperature. The kinetics of the hydride will dictate how fast hydrogen can be absorbed, and the thermodynamics will determine if hydrogen can be absorbed at all; both properties are temperature dependent. The temperature will depend on how fast heat is generated by absorption and how fast heat can be added or removed by the system. If the design system and material properties are not both well suited to this filling scenario the actual amount of hydrogen stored could be significantly less than the capacity of the system. Controls may play an important role as well, by altering the coolant temperature and flow, and the gas temperature and pressure, a better fill is likely. Similar strategies have already been demonstrated for compressed gas systems. Matching system capabilities to power-plant needs is also important. Supplying the demanded fuel in transients and start up are obvious requirements that both the tank system and material must be design to meet. But there are opportunities too. If the power-plant heat can be used to release hydrogen, then the efficiency of vehicle increases greatly. This efficiency comes not only from preventing hydrogen losses from supplying heat to the media, but also from the power-plant cooling that occurs. To reap this benefit, it will be important to have elegant control strategies that avoid unwanted feedback between the power-plant and the fuel system. Hydrogen fueled vehicles are making tremendous strides, as can be seen by the number and increasing market readiness of vehicles in technology validation programs. Research that improves the effectiveness and reduces the costs of heat transfer systems, tank construction materials, and control systems will play a key role in preparing advanced hydrogen storage systems to be a part of this transportation revolution.

Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities