Academic literature on the topic 'Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering mechanics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering mechanics"
1
Cawley, Peter. "Structural health monitoring: Closing the gap between research and industrial deployment." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 5 (January 29, 2018): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717750047.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a large volume of research on structural health monitoring since the 1970s but this research effort has yielded relatively few routine industrial applications. Structural health monitoring can include applications on very different structures with very different requirements; this article splits the subject into four broad categories: rotating machine condition monitoring, global monitoring of large structures (structural identification), large area monitoring where the area covered is part of a larger structure, and local monitoring. The capabilities and potential applications of techniques in each category are discussed. Condition monitoring of rotating machine components is very different to the other categories since it is not strictly concerned with structural health. However, it is often linked with structural health monitoring and is a relatively mature field with many routine applications, so useful lessons can be read across to mainstream structural health monitoring where there are many fewer industrial applications. Reasons for the slow transfer from research to practical application of structural health monitoring include lack of attention to the business case for monitoring, insufficient attention to how the large data flows will be handled and the lack of performance validation on real structures in industrial environments. These issues are discussed and ways forward proposed; it is concluded that given better focused research and development considering the key factors identified here, structural health monitoring has the potential to follow the path of rotating machine condition monitoring and become a widely deployed technology.
2
Xu, Huilin, Alexander Kuchansky, and Myroslava Gladka. "Devising an individually oriented method for selection of scientific activity subjects for implementing scientific projects based on scientometric analysis." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 3 (114) (December 29, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248040.
Full textAbstract:
The main factors influencing the choice of individual subjects of the scientific activity or potential partners and executors for scientific and educational projects were analyzed. The specific features of choosing project executors of different categories were indicated. The functional responsibilities of project participants in accordance with the project structure were described. The individually oriented method for choosing subjects of scientific activity as executors of scientific and educational projects was developed, taking into account the productivity of their scientific activities in the past and considering the structure of projects. To determine the merits of the subjects of scientific activity, which are included in the relevant scientific subject spaces, it is necessary to apply the procedure of their productivity assessment. In addition, it is necessary to predict a change in productivity in the future based on retrospective data for this subject. Next, it is required to solve the multi-criteria problem of the choice among the subjects of scientific activity who are quite productive in the opinion of the project manager. The use of the developed method reduces the subjective impact on making a decision regarding the choice of project executors. This is due to the fact that they are chosen by automated calculation of scientometric indicators of subjects, guided only by open sources of information. The individually oriented method for the selection of subjects of scientific activity was verified on the example of the formation of three applications of research projects. As a result, the average percentage of scientists who meet the requirements of project managers for each scientific subject space was about 46.55 %. The percentage of those involved in the project from those who were selected is about 24.07 %. The probability of cooperation is higher among those who have an average H-index.
3
Zhou, Chilou, Yingjie Ren, Xinrui Yan, Yiran Zheng, and Baoqing Liu. "A Bibliometric and Visualized Overview of Hydrogen Embrittlement from 1997 to 2022." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 9218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239218.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical properties of materials deteriorate when hydrogen embrittlement (HE) occurs, seriously threatening the reliability and durability of the hydrogen system. Therefore, it is important to summarize the status and development trends of research on HE. This study reviewed 6676 publications concerned with HE from 1997 to 2022 based on the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer was used to conduct the bibliometric analysis and produce visualizations of the publications. The results showed that the number of publications on HE increased after 2007, especially between 2017 and 2019. Japan was the country with the highest numbers of productive authors and citations of publications, and the total number of citations of Japanese publications was 24,589. Kyushu University was the most influential university, and the total number of citations of Kyushu University publications was 7999. Akiyama was the most prolific and influential author, publishing 88 publications with a total of 2565 citations. The USA, South Korea and some European countries are also leading in HE research; these countries have published more than 200 publications. It was also found that the HE publications generally covered five topics: “Hydrogen embrittlement in different materials”, “Effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties of materials”, “Effect of alloying elements or microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement”, “Hydrogen transport”, and “Characteristics and mechanisms of hydrogen related failures”. Research hotspots included “Fracture failure behavior and analysis”, “Microstructure”, “Hydrogen diffusion and transport”, “Mechanical properties”, “Hydrogen resistance”, and so on. These covered the basic methods and purposes of HE research. Finally, the distribution of the main subject categories of the publications was determined, and these categories covered various topics and disciplines. This study establishes valuable reference information for the application and development of HE research and provides a convenient resource to help researchers and scholars understand the development trends and research directions in this field.
4
Khrinenko, Tatyana, Mykola Sadovyi, and Sergiy Ryabets. "IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODOLOGICAL AND DIDACTIC APPROACH OF TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION SPECIALISTS." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 191 (2020): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-191-264-269.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the problems of determining the ways of training highly qualified specialists in the field of vocational education. The problem is evidenced by the constant decrease in the order of the Ministry of Education and Science for specialists in the garment industry, services and even computer technology. The situation is similar in the field of mechanical engineering, materials processing, electronics. Natural sciences are in almost no demand, there is no effective actualization of the need for natural and mathematical training. However, global scientific and technological progress requires the accelerated development of these industries, which creates a contradiction in the state between social demand and reality. The laws of Ukraine, the resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers, the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science on education indicate that they clearly highlight the long-term aspects of education development, including global: the idea of digital transformation and STEM education. In our opinion, the selected areas deserve attention. In this regard, we have outlined the structure of the study of the educational state of society, on the basis of which it is advisable to conduct research to eliminate the contradictions that occur. In a holistic system, the trajectory of further development should be outlined: - according to the horizontal rhythm of system changes (cyclicity, recurrence); - vertical, which ensures the development of the system, ie the next turn of the spiral is higher than the previous one. Given the holistic system of the structure of progress of the educational society, the trajectories of development form the concept of a methodological approach to the concept of sustainable development on the basis of digitalization and stemization. The whole educational system must be permeated with fundamental didactic categories and principles that serve as links between the elements of the system. Practice shows that studying pedagogy, methods of teaching a subject for a student mostly ends with a final certification. In this regard, the educational system must be permeated with fundamental didactic categories and principles that serve as links between the elements of the system. Practice shows that studying pedagogy, methods of teaching a subject for a student mostly ends with a final certification, and at school it all mostly goes into the background. Therefore, the article considers the basic patterns of formation of lesson theory.
5
Filip, Miroslav. "Jak souvisí stres, nedůvěra a nedodržování protiepidemických opatření? – Konstruktivistický pohled na negativní jevy pandemické doby." E-psychologie 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29364/epsy.433.
Full textAbstract:
Non-adherence to public health measures determines how society copes with the new coronavirus pandemic. In this study, we apply the personal construct theory to answer why some people comply with anti-epidemic measures. The theory assumes that stressful events in the pandemic situation invalidate an individual’s worldview (individual’s construing). If the individual attempts to maintain this construing instead of its reconstruction, s/he may apply the hostility strategy. For example, s/he dismisses information or opinions that are incompatible with his/her original construing. This leads to an elaboration of distrust and critical attitudes towards institutions and to non-compliance with measures they order. We investigate this model by an interview analysis with 20 respondents. The analysis yielded five categories showing how respondents construe the pandemic situation: responsibility, criticism, distance from the subject, productive dialogue, and unproductive dialogue. Respondents from the category “criticism” were facing substantial stressful/invalidating changes. They maintained their critical attitude towards anti-epidemic measures through a hostile view of those with differing opinions and a strong distrust in institutions and media. The other respondents mostly complied with the measures. In their construing of the pandemic situation, they took different perspectives into the account, did not experience hostility, and expressed some degree of understanding to people with different opinions. Thus, hostility could be a fundamental psychological principle to preserve a meaningful worldview in times of the pandemic. Hostility, however, leads to distrust, opinion polarization, and non-compliance with anti-epidemic measures.
6
Tamozhska, Iryna V. "CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT «SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY» IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 2, no. 22 (2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2021-2-22-5.
Full textAbstract:
The author examines the definitions used in legislative documents and pedagogical research connected with the activity of subjects – participants of the educational process («scientific and pedagogical activity», «scientific activity», «pedagogical activity», «creative pedagogical activity», «professional pedagogical activity»). It is stated that the generic concept of the term «scientific and pedagogical activity» («scientific activity», «pedagogical activity») is defined depending on who is the subject of such an activity (a scientist or an educator). The conclusion is drawn that such categories as «scientific activity» and «pedagogical activity» are not identical. The domestic experience related to the interpretation of the concept «pedagogical activity» was analysed. The researchers considered it to be a special kind of social activity, a kind of socially useful activity implemented by adults, teachers’ activity in the course of educational process, a creative process of conscious, purposeful, self-regulated activity of the teacher. It is stressed that the methodological subsystem is indirectly present in such subsystems of teachers’ creative pedagogical activity as didactic, educational, organizational and administrative, social-pedagogical and self-improvement ones. The levels of teachers’ creative pedagogical activities (reproductive, labour-saving, design, innovative ones) were specified. The article is focused on the content of the concept «function of the professional activities of academic staff», which is treated as an invariant component of productive activity of academic staff, the effectiveness of which is provided by applied educational tools, taking into account modern tendencies and developmental peculiarities of education institutions, as well as the level of their professional ability. The main types of teachers’ professional and pedagogical activities are determined (diagnostics of professional orientation, ability to learn, teach and educate; design activity; learner-centred professional training; social and professional education; extracurricular educational work; raising the level of professional and pedagogical education and qualification; innovative activity). The organizational and pedagogical conditions for structuring scientific and pedagogical activities of academic staff in higher education institutions were generalized (ensuring structural and functional unity; staff and structural units’ optimization; standardization of information links; ensuring multifaceted development of academic staff and their self-organization; compliance with the principles of systematicity and complexity in the implementation of professional and job functions). The functions of professional activity of academic staff were distinguished (administrative, motivational, developmental, prognostic, corrective, culturological, educational, professional, the function of providing educational services).
7
Tusch, Roland. "„Hier ward der Sieg errungen über einen mächtigen, compacten Alpenzug“. Der Semmering in Reiseführern zwischen 1852 und 1873." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (August 17, 2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.8.
Full textAbstract:
With the Railway Age, the perception of the landscape has changed. In Austria, the world’s first high mountain railway was built in the middle of the 19th century. It crosses the Alps at one of their eastern foothills, the Semmering. The central subject of this study is the landscape that was completely transformed by the construction of the Semmering Railway between 1852 and 1873. How was the Semmering perceived before it was discovered by the Viennese society as a region of summer resort? How were the massive changes in the Alpine landscape caused by the construction of the railway portrayed in the medium of contemporary travel guides?The sources investigated cover the period from the construction of the Semmering Railway to the discovery of the region as a summer resort. Starting with the first travel guides to the construction site and ending with the travel guides to the completed railway, seven main sources were analysed. As a starting point for the qualitative content analysis, a system of categories was developed as a search grid to filter the relevant aspects for answering the research question. The analysis follows the process of coding, paraphrasing and generalizing, and clearly reveals different levels of perception. The landscape in which the railway was built was described in extremely positive, poetic formulations. The negatively judging descriptions are particularly remarkable in the context of the travel guides, as they can be read as a critical reflection of the changed situation. Instead of regretting the destruction of nature, the victory of man or technology over nature was celebrated. From the comparison of the travel guides to the construction site and those to the completed railway, the progress of the construction work is clearly readable. The magnificence of the construction project was beyond question from the very beginning. The travel guides allow one to comprehend this, at the time rather young, transformation of the landscape; they open up a differentiated view of the landscape.
8
Tusch, Roland. "„Tu dokonało się zwycięstwo nad potężnym, zwartym łańcuchem Alp”. Semmering w przewodnikach między 1852 a 1873 rokiem." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (August 17, 2021): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.9.
Full textAbstract:
With the Railway Age, the perception of the landscape has changed. In Austria, the world’s first high mountain railway was built in the middle of the 19th century. It crosses the Alps at one of their eastern foothills, the Semmering. The central subject of this study is the landscape that was completely transformed by the construction of the Semmering Railway between 1852 and 1873. How was the Semmering perceived before it was discovered by the Viennese society as a region of summer resort? How were the massive changes in the Alpine landscape caused by the construction of the railway portrayed in the medium of contemporary travel guides?The sources investigated cover the period from the construction of the Semmering Railway to the discovery of the region as a summer resort. Starting with the first travel guides to the construction site and ending with the travel guides to the completed railway, seven main sources were analysed. As a starting point for the qualitative content analysis, a system of categories was developed as a search grid to filter the relevant aspects for answering the research question. The analysis follows the process of coding, paraphrasing and generalizing, and clearly reveals different levels of perception. The landscape in which the railway was built was described in extremely positive, poetic formulations. The negatively judging descriptions are particularly remarkable in the context of the travel guides, as they can be read as a critical reflection of the changed situation. Instead of regretting the destruction of nature, the victory of man or technology over nature was celebrated. From the comparison of the travel guides to the construction site and those to the completed railway, the progress of the construction work is clearly readable. The magnificence of the construction project was beyond question from the very beginning. The travel guides allow one to comprehend this, at the time rather young, transformation of the landscape; they open up a differentiated view of the landscape.
9
Shums’ky, Oleksandr L., and Ol’ha O. Shums’ka. "SELF-EDUCATION AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology» 1, no. 23 (June 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2022-1-23-9.
Full textAbstract:
The paper substantiates that the radical changes taking place in all spheres of modern society necessitate a revision of the basic requirements for the training of specialists who should be not only highly qualified, but also be prepared for lifelong education. It has been shown that the state regulations and international documents on education define lifelong learning as the main vector of educational development in the 21st century. It has been determined that the achievement of this goal is possible due to the organization of the training process at university, aimed at gradual transition from the traditional educational format in the form of providing students with a set of ready-made knowledge to self-education, which is the highest degree of education. The essence of the key components of the concept “self-education”, i.e. the categories “self-“ and “education” has been disclosed. The essential differences between the concepts “training” and “education” have been explained, namely: the purpose of training is forming utilitarian skills with specific pragmatic goals, and education is aimed at developing a person as an individual, developing his/her spiritual strengths and abilities. Examples of dictionary equivalents of the term “self-education”, which exist in foreign scientific, reference and encyclopedic literature, have been given. The term “self-education” in the context of philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy has been analyzed. It has been ascertained that among contemporary researchers there is no unanimous position on the interpretation of this term as each of them considers it through the lens of a particular aspect. The main approaches to the definition of the concept “self-education” that have developed in Western pedagogical theory have been characterized. It has been substantiated that full-fledged self-education is possible only if self-study and selfeducation are combined. Self-study involves the acquisition of knowledge on the basis of the person’s own aspirations and through self-selected means. Self-improvement is associated with the manifestation of significant willpower, a high degree of self-awareness, perseverance and purposefulness, resulting in the development of the individual’s qualities that determine the sustainable nature of any kind of independent activity. It has been revealed that in modern didactics self-education is defined as an activity process, and activity is defined as the basis of self-education. The differences between the concepts “self-educational activities”, “independent activity” and “independent work” on key features have been outlined, namely: on the source of goals, the level of independence and the definition of the subject of control over the results. It has been proved that the student’s self-educational activity, in contrast to independent activity, goes beyond external goal-setting and control and is implemented in a completely autonomous mode both during training at university and after graduation. The definition of the term “self-education” is given as the individual’s purposeful systematic cognitive activity, in the course of which he/she independently acquires knowledge and improves skills, resulting in the qualitative development of their personality. The need for continuous self-development is the basis of this activity, and a personal educational product, which involves self-mastery of the system of knowledge and ways to acquire it as well as the development of personality and his/her abilities, is the result of this activity. The main characteristics of self-educational activity are motivational activity, internal freedom, purposefulness, ability to independently acquire necessary knowledge, a strong desire for self-improvement.
10
Alina, Yudina, and Osherova I.P. "THE SPECIFIC OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANXIETY AND AGGRESSIVENESS AMONG UKRAINIAN WOMEN IN WAR CONDITIONS." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology» 1, no. 25 (June 15, 2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2023-1-25-17.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of the relationships between anxiety and aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been dealt with in this article. The relevance of the chosen topic is beyond doubt, since social problems based on psychological factors are especially relevant during the war. It is substantiated that a change in the usual living conditions leads to a significant increase in anxiety and aggressiveness among women. In this paper, the attention is paid specifically to the study of anxiety and manifestation of aggressiveness by women who are in war conditions. It is worth noting that currently in the psychological and social literature, the number of publications about the problem of anxiety is increasing, since anxiety occupies a special place, as it often leads to a decrease in work capacity, productivity, difficulties in communication, etc. It has been found out that the level of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive women’s behaviour in the war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. The results of the analysis and generalization of scientific sources are presented in this paper. It has been identified that the problem of anxiety and aggressiveness is one of the topical issues of modern psychology. The need for timely identification and work with the anxiety, anxious behaviour and aggressiveness of women in war conditions and after military aggression has been emphasized. The analysis of the questionnaire conducted among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been carried out, and the degree of their influence on women’s daily lives and life activities in war time has been determined. The purpose of this work is theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the specific of the relationships between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressive behaviour of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The object of this study is the anxiety of Ukrainian women in war conditions, whereas the subject of this study is the character of the relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The conceptual hypothesis of this research lies in the assumption of the presence of significant relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions, and it has been fully confirmed. Considering the influence of war conditions on the anxiety and aggressiveness of Ukrainian women, the relationship between the mentioned psychological categories has been claimed. It has been revealed that the state of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive behaviour of women in war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. According to the results of this study, there have been identified those significant relationships between indicators of anxiety and certain forms of aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions. It is substantiated that the high level of manifestation of anxiety is caused by certain psychological features. It has been found out that the increase in the level of anxiety, indicators of family anxiety and anxious behaviour is associated with an increase in the level of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used by employees of psychological services, practical psychologists during counselling at various stages of psychotherapeutic work with women in war conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering mechanics"
1
Majumder, Rudrashis. "Resource Allocation for Natural Disasters using a Game-theoretic Framework." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6001.
Full textAbstract:
The occurrence of a severe natural disaster causes loss of life and
destruction of properties. The overall criticality of the disaster depends
on the nature of the disaster and the physical characteristics of
the affected locations. In the aftermath of a natural disaster, multiple
emergencies often evolve at different geographical locations with casualties
and infrastructure damage. In post-disaster scenarios, responsible
authorities should initiate relevant disaster management activities
to mitigate the devastating effects of natural disaster. Resource allocation
is an integral part of the post-disaster activities.
In general, resource allocation deals with the issue of distributing necessary
resources to multiple users depending on their demand and the
availability of resources. It aims to achieve efficient and fair assignment
of limited resources. The devastation caused by a natural disaster
enforces the need for various critical resources in disaster-affected
locations to reduce the impact of the disaster. When adequate resources
are available, the problem of allocating resources becomes
trivial, and all the crisis locations can be fully satisfied in terms of
their resource requirements. However, if there is a scarcity of essential
resources after the simultaneous occurrence of multiple emergencies
at distinct geographical locations, providing resources to all those regions
and fulfilling their demands simultaneously becomes challenging.
In such situations, efficient decision-making is necessary to execute a
fair and socially agreeable allocation of resources to the affected locations.
One cannot rely on human-controlled decision-making since
it can have a bias for, or prejudice against, some of the disaster locations.
A fair and impartial approach to the allocation of resources can be implemented by designing an automated decision-making system.
This thesis proposes a game-theoretic framework which can form the
basis for such a system.
In this thesis, we develop a multi-event emergency management system
using a non-cooperative, single-stage, strategic form game model
to facilitate the allocation of resources to the respective disaster locations.
Each emergency event is assumed to occur at different locations
simultaneously, and some amount of resources are demanded by
each location to mitigate the impact of disasters. These locations are
represented as players in the game, which are assumed to play in a
self-interested manner with the other players to get an allocation of
scarce resources available at the resource station. However, it should
be noted that the disaster locations are not actively involved in playing
a game. It is a centralized decision-making executed by the responsible
disaster management authority, which implements the algorithm
designed using the game-theoretic framework to decide reasonable allocations
to the players. The authority assumes different allocations
to be the possible strategies of the players and arrive at a fair solution.
As a game utility, the authority imposes a non-monetary cost on each
player for obtaining a certain amount of resource units. The objective
of the proposed game is to derive socially acceptable strategies for an
effective and fair allocation of resources to the respective players. In
the thesis, it is established that the game model is unique in structure
and always possesses pure strategy Nash equilibria (PSNE). Each
PSNE consists of possible allocations to the players; hence, those can
be implemented by the disaster management authority as potential
allocation vectors.
As the resources needed during disaster management can be both
divisible and indivisible, we investigate the game for both types of resources.
Mathematical analysis shows that the existence of PSNEs is
independent of the nature of resources. The only difference it makes
is that in the case of indivisible resources, the players have a discrete set of strategies, and divisible resources make their strategy sets continuous.
It is also shown that the game-theoretic algorithm can be
used for any number of players or disaster locations at various stages
of resource allocations. The investigation is conducted using twoplayer,
three-player and n-player game models. Different case studies
are presented in the chapters of this thesis to validate the mathematical
results developed in this work and to indicate how this proposed
method can be helpful in practical disaster resource allocations. This
work also includes the statistical analysis of the game-theoretic algorithm
and the study of its computational complexity.
This thesis also includes a study on the preparedness and damage assessment
of a natural disaster using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
Preparedness is a pre-disaster activity which is essential to build resilience
against natural disasters. Damage assessment is one of the
post-disaster activities which estimates the loss of human lives, properties,
and infrastructure. This phase is important to initiate the
response and recovery work after a natural disaster. These activities
become challenging and time-consuming when human effort is the
only option. In our study, we focus on the possible applications of
UAVs to make these activities speedy and effective.
2
Karmakar, Anindya. "A phenomenological one-dimensional model for elastic ribbons." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4787.
Full textAbstract:
Ribbons exhibit fascinating buckling-dominated behavior under mechanical loading because of
a unique combination of geometric dimensions. The recent interest in examining engineering
applications of ribbon-like structures underscores the need for dedicated structural mechanics
models to predict their complex behavior.
In this thesis, we deal with ribbons that have
at unstressed con figurations. Due to their
physical appearance, such ribbons are typically modeled either as rods with highly anisotropic
cross-sections (width of the cross-section is much larger than the thickness) or narrow plates. We
speci fically examine the predictive capabilities of the Geometrically exact two-director Cosserat
rod and Geometrically exact one-director Cosserat plate models. We measure ribbon shapes in
various bending-dominated experiments and compare them with predictions computed using
detailed finite element simulations of these models. We nd the plate theory to be particularly
useful under a broad range of loading conditions, mainly because it captures nontrivial
(and nonlinear) curvature distributions realized in the material bers oriented along the ribbon's
width. This feature, which is noticeably absent in rod models, contributes to their poor
predictive capabilities.
We then propose a phenomenological one-dimension ribbon model by dimensional reduction
from the Cosserat plate theory. Speci fically, we impose kinematic assumptions on the
displacement field's dependence along the width direction of a ribbon to permit non-trivial
lateral surface curvatures observed in the Cosserat plate solutions corresponding to various experiments.
We speci fically examine polynomial dependences for the displacement field on the
coordinate along the width. In principle, we expect a quadratic dependence to suffice since
it helps to reproduce non-zero curvatures along the width. However, we nd that the resulting
restricted kinematics is prone to membrane locking. Presuming a cubic dependence helps
circumvent the issue. Alternately, resorting to selective reduced integration techniques during
numerical approximation using finite element methods helps alleviate the issue.
3
Gowdham, Prabhakar P. G. "Interaction Design and Distraction Detection of Drivers in Automobiles." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4924.
Full textAbstract:
In recent times, usage of electronic devices inside cars while driving has increased due to the introduction of new technologies to keep drivers comfortable and entertained. Systems like satnav ease out the navigation by offering optimised traffic plans at times of complex traffic and road conditions. Though technologies like music, radio and phone facilitate onboard communication and entertainment, they have potential in distracting drivers. The interaction with such technologies while driving takes the attention of drivers away from driving. As distraction of drivers leads to car crashes and fatal accidents, the research community investigated detecting and reducing such distractions. Operating a secondary task while driving is one of the key reasons for driver distraction. It is challenging to detect the inattention blindness of drivers compared to detecting instances of eyes-off road. Recent studies have found that high perceptional load results in increased inattention blindness.
This dissertation investigates methods to reduce driver distraction caused due to operating secondary tasks. It proposes new interactive technologies involving virtual touch and eye gaze tracker to undertake secondary tasks in both head down and head up displays. It also proposes a new machine learning model to estimate cognitive load from ocular parameters and validates with respect to EEG parameters from studies involving professional drivers operating real vehicles. Finally, grounded theory method of qualitative research is used to understand and explore concerns and issues of professional drivers, resolve them, and look for factors contributing to acceptance of the proposed interaction technologies. This dissertation discusses the potential of the proposed methods for applications beyond automotive context. As the proposed systems are tested in simulation and real driving environments, they are considered to be deployed by industries.
4
Gupta, Kishan Kumar. "Measuring Three-dimensional Deformations of Elastic Ribbons." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5586.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental techniques to measure and visualize kinematics in structural
and solid mechanics range from humble strain gage rosettes to sophisticated
digital image correlation methods. This thesis develops a stereo visionbased
optical measurement technique and evaluates its efficacy for measuring
three-dimensional elastic deformations of slender structures. Our motivation
to develop the technique stems from the need to quantify/digitize
the kinematics of slender elastic structures undergoing large displacements
and rotations within the small strain regime. As devices composed of highly
flexible elements become ubiquitous in engineering applications, especially
at small length scales, it is imperative to examine the mechanics underlying
their functioning through a combination of modeling and experimental studies.
The technique proposed here is a step towards addressing challenges in
the context of the latter.
We adopt elastic ribbons as prototypical examples in our study. Owing
to the disparities in their dimensions (length ≫ width ≫ thickness), ribbons
naturally contort into complex three-dimensional energy-minimizing configurations
in response to simple loading scenarios. For this reason, elastic
ribbons furnish excellent test cases to investigate the capabilities of the proposed
technique. Besides, such measurements complement on-going efforts
within the research group to understand the mechanics and envision novel
applications of elastic ribbons.
The proposed technique relies on familiar principles of stereo vision— a
pair of calibrated digital cameras, an ansatz for pixel correspondences, and
triangulation of corresponding pixel pairs to reconstruct points of interest
in the scene. Hence, we will photograph a ribbon sample from multiple
vantage points using a pair of digital cameras and reconstruct the locations
of markers labeling its surface. The novel aspects of the technique include:
the choice of fiducial markers to paint flexible surfaces,
an algorithm to encode/decode 5-letter marker dictionaries that helps
limit the number of distinct markers required to label surfaces, and
an optimization-based algorithm to determine full-field approximations
of deformations mappings by unifying independent Lagrangian
marker and Eulerian shape measurements.
The set of markers labeling ribbon surfaces serve multiple purposes.
They define Lagrangian coordinates that can be tracked during deformation,
establish pixel correspondences between cameras in a stereo arrangement,
and aid in registering partial reconstructions to a common coordinate
system. Throughout our study, we adopt the ArUco marker system that
is commonly used for positioning and alignment of coordinate systems in
virtual reality and robotics applications. This choice is mainly based on
convenience; alternate marker systems (e.g., AprilTags, color-based markers,
shape-based markers) along with reliable detection algorithm can be
employed as well.
Through a detailed set of measurements of shapes and displacements
of straight and annular ribbons, we quantify the accuracy of the proposed
technique at a desktop-scale. When available, we also compare the measurements
with idealized finite element simulations available in the literature.
We conclude the thesis by listing possible strategies to improve the technique.
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Anoop, A. M. "Structural acoustics of perforated panels." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4993.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, radiation and transmission of sound through flexible perforated panels set in infinite rigid baffles are investigated. The treatment is largely analytical using Fourier transforms and contour integrations. Numerical calculations are only used occasionally. The work is largely divided into three parts: the first part involves radiation and transmission studies using the one-way coupled formulation, the second part investigates the same problems using the two-way coupled (or the fully-coupled) formulation and the third part involves derivations of closed form expressions for the modal coupling coefficient using contour integration.
In the first part, the panel with perforations is placed in a baffle that is perforated or unperforated. Having an unperforated or a differently perforated baffle presents challenges. It causes a certain coupling of wavenumbers leading to an integral equation. In the literature so far, the baffle has been taken to be similarly perforated, thus, simplifying the situation. The perforations are arrays of circular holes and are mathematically modeled using a perforation ratio. An existing model for a circular hole that transmits sound is used and the collective array is modeled using a perforate impedance. Since, there is an escape of fluid through the perforations as the panel vibrates (radiating or transmitting sound) an averaged fluid particle velocity over the panel surface is derived using fluid continuity and momentum equations. This averaged fluid velocity is then used along with impedances to compute the pressures and sound powers. In addition, the presence of the holes shifts the resonance frequencies and modifies the modeshapes. This shift is accounted for using the Receptance method. The entire derivation is done in the wavenumber domain (spatial Fourier transform). And at the end, numerical calculations are done. For the radiation and transmission problems, the results are presented in terms of the radiation efficiency and the transmission loss, respectively.
It is observed that the perforations reduce the in vacuo natural frequencies of the panel. For the radiation problem, analytical expressions for the radiated power and radiation efficiency are derived in an integral form and numerical results are obtained for different perforation parameters such as perforation ratio, hole diameter and number of holes. It is observed that a reduction in the perforate impedance leads to a decrease in the radiated power and also in the radiation efficiency. The effects of resistive and reactive hole impedances on the sound radiation are also discussed. For the transmission problem, it is found that the perforate impedance acts in parallel to the panel impedance and for a real-world scenario, where the perforate impedance is less than the panel impedance, a reduction in the transmission loss (TL) can be achieved with perforations on the panel. For small holes at lower frequencies the resistive impedance dominates over the reactive impedance. This results in a higher TL at lower frequencies for a micro-perforated panel as compared to that for a panel of same perforation ratio but with larger holes.
In the second part, the same two problems of radiation and transmission of sound through perforated panels set in rigid baffles are studied using the two-way coupled or fully coupled formulation. In addition to the details presented for the one-way cases above, here two equations are derived where the average fluid particle velocity and the panel velocity depend on each other. Thus, a coupled problem needs to be solved. Due to the inclusion of the fluid loading, a modal coupling coefficient arises in the formulation. This coupling coefficient is indicative of the degree of coupling between the in vacuo panel modes caused by the acoustic fluid. In several of the earlier studies on unperforated panels, in the literature, largely the self modal coupling has been investigated. Only a few studies have presented studies on the cross modal coupling. These studies were restricted to the low frequencies. The formulation is reduced to a single coupled equation and the system of equations (including the modal coupling coefficient) are solved numerically. Again, the results are presented in terms of the radiation efficiency and the transmission loss. The natural frequencies are identified from the peaks in the mean panel quadratic velocity spectrum and compared with results from the literature.
It is observed that the radiation efficiency decreases with the increase in the perforation ratio, irrespective of the surrounding acoustic medium. For a given perforation ratio, the water-loaded panel radiation efficiency is found to be less than that for a panel immersed in air. It is also observed that for a light fluid like air, a one-way coupled formulation is adequate. Further, a fully coupled model for the transmission problem is also developed. It is observed that the TL of a perforated panel acquires negative values at low frequencies. This apparent anomaly is resolved by taking into account the additional power component that flows from the baffle region onto the panel at low frequencies.
In the last part of the thesis, approximate expressions in closed form are obtained for the modal coupling coefficient using the contour integration. Analytical expressions valid for any given fluid loading conditions are derived for the modal interactions between the corner modes, single and double edge modes and the acoustically fast modes. This is further used to evaluate the natural frequencies and the radiation efficiency of the perforated panel. The results agree very well with those obtained earlier in the thesis using the numerical integration. Also, plots of the resistive and reactive parts of the modal coupling coefficient are presented and discussed.
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Siva, MS. "Integrated Relative Position and Attitude Control of Distributed Spacecraft Formation For High Resolution Imaging." Thesis, 2018. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4184.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major challenges in space technology is to achieve high resolution imaging of the intended area on demand to meet civilian and military applications. Spacecraft formation flying with coordinated control of smaller satellites offers improvement in image resolution using distribution of payloads across the formation group. Quick revisit and stereo coverage, as well as provision of modularity and redundancy, are other benefits achieved by formation flying.
The thesis addresses spacecraft formation flying with coordinated control of smaller satellites in realizing this high resolution system without compromising agility. The work focuses on coordination and control realization which is achieved through a distributed control strategy that leads to consensus agreement among formation members. To begin with, the problem of formation control for a two spacecraft leader-follower (L-F) system is formulated and is subsequently extended to a fleet of multiple satellites. Synchronized relative position and attitude control forms a major role in achieving the stereo-imaging requirement. Navigation information is obtained by fusion of Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Carrier phase Differential GPS (CDGPS) measurements. Mono-propellant thrusters and micro-reaction wheels are used as control actuators for the position and attitude control, respectively. For a two satellite leader-follower formation, the control system has been designed using Proportional-Derivative (PD) control as well as Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based optimal control techniques. While extending to more than two satellites, graph theory based consensus agreement concepts are applied to achieve desired formation goal. In this case, control system is designed using distributed formation control based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). The use of LMI-based control methods help in achieving global stability of formation groups while satisfying the consensus property among members.
Detailed simulations are performed and analysis of the results assure that the designed system is capable of meeting the task of formation flying with micro-satellites. A brief analysis of the collision avoidance concept using eccentricity-inclination vector separation for passive orbits has been made. Null Space based Behavioral (NSB) approach, which determines the guidance trajectory based on priority among the tasks, namely, collision avoidance, plume avoidance and tracking error reduction, has also been presented. The distributed control system for a group of six satellite formation in Projected Circular Orbit (PCO) configuration has been demonstrated using LMI based controller together with consensus observer. The collision avoidance between the formation members has been demonstrated by assessing the inter-satellite distance between the formation members. The formation stability has also been proved through simulations and analysis. The proposed control design is expected to improve the revisit capabilities of the mission in addition to improving the spatial and spectral resolution of the remote sensing satellite systems by aperture distribution and baseline enhancement.
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Pramanik, Santanu. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Low Emission Syngas Combustion." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4791.
Full textAbstract:
The present study concerns experimental and numerical investigation of the combustion of low-calorific value syngas in an optically accessible reverse flow combustion chamber. Several modes of operation are investigated to identify the best strategy for stable operation with low emissions of NOx and CO. The first part of the study investigates the combustion dynamics in the chamber and establishes the range of parameters for stable operation using OH* chemiluminescence (5 kHz), noise (50 kHz), and exhaust emissions measurements (NOx and CO). The combustion dynamics have been investigated as a function of the global equivalence ratio (0.32 - 0.89), O2% in the co-flow (7.6 - 21%), and the oxidizer preheat temperature (~ 400 - 800 K). The variation of these parameters resulted in different operating conditions designated as: conventional (Φglobal = 0.8), ultra-lean (Φglobal = 0.32), transition (Φglobal = 0.47, O2 = 14.3% in oxidizer), and MILD (Φglobal = 0.89, O2 = 7.6% in oxidizer) combustion modes. For all cases, autoignition was observed to be the mode of flame stabilization that indicated the role of H2 in reducing the ignition delay. The conventional mode displayed the highest sound pressure level (SPL) and fluctuations in the reaction zone (OH*). The most stable operation was obtained for the MILD case where the SPL decreased by 6 dB caused by a suppression of the high-frequency (> 800 Hz) longitudinal modes. In the second part of the study, OH concentration and temperature are measured using Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Rayleigh thermometry to provide a detailed understanding of the reaction zone structure. The OH radical, which is a marker of the reaction zone, shows maximum intensity for the conventional case and lowest intensity for the MILD case. The instantaneous images show a complex reaction zone with thin structures near the inlet and progressive distribution of OH at the bottom. The temperature measurements reveal a uniform thermal field throughout except very close to the centreline. Such a distribution can provide superior heat transfer characteristics in furnaces. The maximum temperature is measured for the conventional case (~ 1700 K), while the temperature is similar for the ultra-lean, transition, and MILD cases (~ 1300 K) supporting the observations of low NOx emissions.
In the third part of the study, we evaluate the performance of the combustor by measuring NOx and CO emissions. The NOx emission is less than 1-ppm for all the cases, while the CO emission is highest for the MILD case (461-ppm) and lowest for the conventional case (32-ppm). In the last two parts of the study, the experimentally generated data is used to validate models that are subsequently used to numerically simulate scaled-up designs of the combustor with power ranging from 3.3 kW to 25 kW. The influence of four different scaling criteria on the performance of the combustor is evaluated. These are constant velocity (CV), constant residence time (CRT), constant volume-to-jet momentum ratio (CM), and constant volume-to-jet kinetic energy ratio (CK). The CV criterion performs the best in terms of pressure drop and CO emissions. Overall, the current investigation establishes that the combustion of low calorific value syngas can be performed in a reverse flow configuration with low emissions and potential for scaling to industrial sizes.
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Abinesh, M. "Turbulence-Premixed Flame Interactions." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4660.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction between premixed flames and turbulence is an inherently non-linear phenomenon. Understanding such interactions has profound practical implications towards the development of better combustion devices and turbulent combustion models. To this end, three statistically planar, freely propagating, turbulent premixed lean H2-air flames with varying turbulence intensities are generated using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). A newly developed backward tracking technique is applied to identify the source locations of iso-scalar surfaces of the turbulent premixed flames. In this technique, flame particles embedded on the iso-scalar surface are tracked backwards in time.
Using the available flame particle trajectories, finite-sized Lagrangian triangles are created and tracked forward in time to investigate changes in their shape and size. These changes approximate corresponding modifications of the underlying flame surface. Based on the inferences obtained, a phenomenological model proposed for the evolution of geometric structures in non-reacting flows is modified and validated for the present cases. The evolution of probability density function (pdf) of Lagrangian triangle area is then studied to understand the conditional stretch rate of the triangles, as they disperse out to generate the complete flame surface. An optimization problem is posed to obtain the conditional stretch rate, and it is found the stretch rate is dependent on the instantaneous triangle size.
Based on the outcomes of the above-mentioned exercises, the expressions for turbulent flame speed and hence the burning rate of the flame are found to be implicitly dependent upon the statistics of the leading portions of the flame surface, but at an earlier time. This signifies the importance of these surface generating locations that have been identified as the “leading points”, a concept used in turbulent combustion modelling.
In summary, Lagrangian methods have been utilized in this work to investigate the generation mechanism of turbulent premixed flames in their statistically stationary state
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Ghosh, Prasenjit. "Discrete particulate description of elastic structures undergoing geometrically nonlinear deformation and dynamic particle interaction." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5765.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical behaviour of deformable bodies in a particulate environment has been an area of increasing interest across a wide spectrum of systems and scale. A composite ensemble of deformable structures and discrete particles involves coupling of component responses, large displacements of structures, and multiple dynamic interactions that lead to inherent contact nonlinearity. To describe these structures and their interactions with particles, we apply a particle simulation approach based on the discrete element method (DEM). There exist alternative frameworks too such as continuum modelling with techniques like finite element method (FEM), or a combination of continuum and discrete modelling, or lumped modelling with mass-spring systems. Owing to the convenience and robustness provided by a single approach, this thesis aims to develop a single framework with the discrete modelling approach.
The mechanical behaviour of particulate models of slender elastic continua is first validated with their analytical or FEM counterparts, and then particle-structure interactions are considered. We develop elastically deformable particulate models of straight beams and shallow arches. We evaluate the geometrically nonlinear response of particulate beams under a variety of static, dynamic, and impact loading scenarios. We also model particulate arches and assess their ability to exhibit two force-free equilibrium states, namely bistability. To illustrate the utility of these particulate representations, we first consider a case study of an undulating beam in a particle medium. The dynamic beam-particle interactions propel the beam within the medium, resembling the self-propulsion of reptiles in granular environments. In another case study, we take up a relatively sparse environment of mobile particles and oscillating cantilever beams. The interplay between particles and beams is shown to drive particles for capture. We also demonstrate particle-arch interactions in bistable mechanisms that result in particle gripping and trapping. We draw insights from factors that regulate the governing dynamics of such coupled phenomena.
Next, we model particulate thin films that undergo deflections in linear and geometrically nonlinear regimes and describe both plate-like and membrane-like behaviours. A notable instance of this particulate perspective of thin films occurs in the context of microscopic biological material such as cells and their organelle. We present in this context a discrete particulate description for the nucleus of a biological cell. A three-dimensional model that incorporates the nuclear envelope and chromatin-containing nucleoplasm is developed and subjected to micropipette aspiration. Our work on particulate systems is implemented within Altair EDEM, a commercial DEM software. While most available DEM packages, including EDEM, provide a ready-to-use interface for the modelling and analysis of granular and bulk materials, they lack similar modules for particulate structures. The preprocessing stage thus involves substantive customization to build algorithms for particle generation, contact physics, external couplings, and parameter definition appropriate to our studies. By customizing this process, we utilize the graphical interface capabilities of EDEM to simulate, readjust, and visualize the analysis of structures under applied forces and particle interaction.
Taken together, the studies in this thesis facilitate a comprehensive investigation of the particulate approach’s efficacy to model a variety of deformable structures, capture geometric nonlinearity in their response, and simulate the interaction dynamics of coupled particle-structure systems.
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Gnanendra, P. M. "Experimental Studies on Co-current downdraft Biomass Gasifier." Thesis, 2018. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4188.
Full textAbstract:
The main theme of the work carried out and reported in this thesis is to understand the processes involved in a co-current downdraft biomass gasification reactor and to analyse the data obtained with an attempt to provide a consistent and rational scientific reasoning of the behaviour and processes studied. The work carried out largely comprises of experiments involving parametric and investigative studies on an experimental setup built specifically for this purpose.
The background for this study is based on the IISc design for the biomass gasifier where the technology developed at CGPL, IISc has been well recognized for its performance in the field with many industrial applications, meeting electrical and thermal energy requirements. However, even though the processes have been well defined, based on the literature it was found that adequate insight into the processes and the parametric dependence of the process are not brought out adequately and required further study on this. The present work is an effort in reducing this gap.
The theme of the study is set out in two streams, one in establishing basic process parameters that influence the behaviour of the reactor and the other one, to establish the characteristics of the reactor in its functional aspects. The first part of the study involves use of only primary air to the reactor and to carry out the parametric studies. This part of the study has enabled understanding the basic phenomena that controls the processes in the reactor. The second part of the experiments involves introducing secondary air to the reactor along with the primary air and to extend the study that gives an insight in to the change in the behaviour of the reactor with dual mode air injection and to evaluate the performance of the reactor in this configuration.
The structure of the thesis is set out with five chapters enabling the presentations to be made, categorising the theme of work. Chapter 1 provides an introductory background of biomass usage as an effective renewable fuel and its relevance to the current energy scenario. The principle involved in biomass gasification, a process that lets to have a clean combustion which has been known to be a challenge with biomass. Chapter 2 provides description of experimental setup, measurement options and experimental procedure for carrying out test. Chapter 3 provides the report of the experimental work carried out on the reactor with primary air, to have a comprehensive study of propagation rates and gas compositions at varied conditions of air flux, differently for biomass moisture content and biomass species. The chapter presents the experimental data with analysis, modelling and interpretations with consistent and scientific reasoning on all the observations. Chapter 4 provides the results and details of experiments carried out with dual mode air inductions, with both primary and secondary air to the reactor and gives an account of systematic parametric study carried out that provides an insight into the process behaviour and performance of the reactor, over the spectrum of study. The parameters, particularly the flux ranges selected are much beyond the normally reported so as to get an overview on the functional limits of the reactor. Chapter 5 gives out a consolidated review of the work and provides a comprehensive overview on the data obtained during the experiments along with the concerned analysis carried out and also narrates the limitations in the studies carried out. Chapter 6, sums up the outcome of the work providing a highlight of the contributory points. Each of the chapters have been provided with a summarising note at their tail end that provided the reader an overview of what is addressed and presented in the chapters concerned.
The experimental test-runs were quite time and resource demanding, lasting for 3 to 8 hours for each run and including the resetting of setup for the next run, the test cycles are seen to take it to 2-3 days. In view of this, priority was set for the study parameters in addressing and understanding the processes and to characterise their influence on the processes in the reactor. With the time constraints and based on the priority set out, some of the studies that include the measurement of tar and particulates in the gas produced were taken off from the theme of this work. However, in conjunction with fair amount of studies carried out on this parameter by earlier researchers, though not tagged to the entire range of parameters studied here, it makes the present study of practical relevance and offer a higher quality of design guidelines.
The recognizable outcome of the study from the work carried out for this thesis includes reliable data from carefully designed and carried out experiments, well resolved behaviour of flame propagation in the biomass bed, the distinct differences in the behaviour of the reactor under single and dual mode of air inductions, gas compositions and performance evaluation at all the parametric variants. A detailed overview of the outcome of the thesis work and contributory points are provided in the concluding note in the chapter 6
Book chapters on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering mechanics"
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Wendrich, Robert E. "Cyber-Physical Systems, Blended Tool Environments, and Playful Creativity." In Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research, Volume 2, 589–619. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.862025_ch19.
Full textAbstract:
All tools humanity uses are extensions of their physical and/or virtual reach, towards a specific purpose or to fulfill a particular, specified, or dedicated task. The tool is handled, initiated and actively guided to participate in interaction, perception, and/or interpretation of the world around us. Tools mediate in action and interaction, like handling a toothbrush to gain a fresh set of cleaned teeth or to use a hammer to pound nails in a material. The real physicality of these human interactions convey a lot of information and creates knowledge in various levels of insight and understanding. Not only in terms of feeling satisfied in the accomplishment of a task, but also in the experience of tool use and succesful interaction. Furthermore, metacognitive aspects of tool use occur when human beings and tools work together and can be seen as an action-based method of advancing knowledge. In the quotidian, a mixture of tools (i.e. used, embedded) and tool activities occur to directly or indirectly interact with our physical and virtual surroundings, things, or systems. Analogue tools, like e.g. knives, pens, chairs and cars have different complexities, but through communicated ’meaning’ (Dewey, 2005) [9], these artifacts possess a distinct quality and intrinsic interaction of use. Some of these tools have very simple but effective use qualities and therefore are most of the time easy to understand in function and use. Other more sophisticated tools imply more study and demand lots of exercise (i.e. high learning threshold) in order to get the full benefit, function and gain in user experience (UX) and results. In the digital and virtual realms many varieties of computational tools are encountered. As a consequence, many categories and levels of tool use, usage through interaction, usability, user-skills and UX happen. The last decades showed a plethora of tool applications and tool interactions that eluded many users, consequently leading to misinterpretation, misguidance, frustration, reduction and inert mediocrity. Not to speculate that digital innovations and tools are defunct gadgets or not worthy of inclusion in daily life. On the contrary, digital technology plays a crucial role in our understanding of the physical and virtual worlds that co-exists and give us much broader boundless experiences and perspectives than ever before. The problem with most digital tools is, the constructed user interface (UI) and user interaction (UA) between a user and machine, as shown in, for example; Carroll, 1991 [5], Carroll, 2002 [6], Dix, 2009 [10], Hartson, 2003 [16], Piumsomboon et al., 2017 [31], Wendrich, 2016 [44], Rogers, 2011 [33]. This in turn has lead to more study and research being conducted on this subject over the last decades, what somehow lead to more confusion and misapprehension. Incremental improvements in UI have been explored and became a sort of standard, new approaches to UIs and UAs have appeared and wiped others, in some cases e.g. multi-touch sensing surfaces became a next step in interacting with the digital-virtual realms. This in turn lead to a leap in applications software (app) design to create tools that were easy to manipulate and use by swiping fingers across high-definition interactive icons to work the tool. However, how feebly, fleetly or superficial this type of mediated interactions may seem, somehow it became a prefered way of ’doing things.’ Gradually this kind of interaction became the standard, encroached with instant gratification and satisfaction. Eventually, everything is an approximation with human frailty, so is tool use and are tools, Figure 19.1.
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Rodriguez, Alejandro W., and Adolfo Plasencia. "From Casimir Forces to Black-Body Radiation: Quantum and Thermal Fluctuations." In Is the Universe a Hologram? The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036016.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This dialogue with physicist Alejandro W. Rodríguez is in two parts. The first part, which took place in the MIT campus, reflects on how theory has been overtaking experimentation in recent developments in science. It also addresses the subject of the Casimir forces and their effects by using devices which benefit from them in everyday life. Later, Alejandro explains why the vacuum is not empty; and, what are the "virtual photons". In the second part, Alejandro explains his current research in the Department of Electrical Engineering of Princeton University, focusing on the black body; and quantum and thermal processes of electromagnetic fluctuations at the nanoscale, where the rules of quantum mechanics now hold sway. He is now studying quantum fluctuations and how the forces and energy exchanged between objects work. This all-important area is the current driving force for development in the field of thermovoltaic energy and thermal panels for capturing light; an area with a revolutionary potential capable of changing the existing relationship of humans with energy, technology and the environment, in other words, with the planet.
Conference papers on the topic "Research Subject Categories – TECHNOLOGY – Engineering mechanics"
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Lee, Jessey, and Nicholas Haritos. "Response to Student Feedback for 1st Year Mechanics Subject at Swinburne University of Technology." In 9th Research in Engineering Education Symposium & 32nd Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference. https://reen.co/: Research in Enineering Education Network (REEN), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066488-0063.
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Tomosawa, Fuminori, Shigeo Tsujikawa, Tadashi Ono, Keisuke Yonemaru, Shozo Takizawa, Yasuo Kugai, and Norishige Minemura. "Research on Applicability of New Materials to Marine Structures in Tropical Climates: Durability Assessment of New Materials." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92110.
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New structural members that are light and durable are anticipated to reduce the running and maintenance costs of structures exposed to harsh marine environments, such as offshore oil production facilities, thereby reducing their lifecycle cost. This study aims to investigate the applicability of new materials to marine structures, focusing on their durability. To this end, a 5-year exposure test has been conducted beginning in 1999 on 3 types of specimens (for corrosion observation, tension testing, and joint strength testing) made of 21 selected materials (6 nonferrous metals, 8 steels, 4 composite materials, and 3 rope materials). The specimens have been exposed at 3 sites: Okinotori-shima and Miyako-jima, corrosive environments with high temperature and humidity, and a thermo-hygrostatic room in a laboratory. Having completed the natural exposure tests in 2004, the authors conducted strength tests and observation thereafter toward 2005. This paper summarizes the results of such tests and observation conducted so far, while making a final assessment of each material, and refers to the tasks ahead based on these results. No marked differences were observed between the results of exposure at Okinotori-shima and Miyako-jima. Both islands were therefore found to be similar environments in terms of corrosion. The corrosion states of specimens were classified into five Categories: I (no corrosion), II (slight corrosion), III (light corrosion), IV (corrosion with strength loss), and V (corrosion with significant strength loss). Only reference specimens of ordinary steel were designated as Category V. Those designated as Category IV included textile ropes and Ni steel and coated steel panels with damaged coating film. Most other new materials were designated as Categories III or less with no strength losses. Materials designated as Categories I to III were subjected to surface observation using optical and electron microscopes and element distribution analysis over a cross section using an electron beam probe microanalyzer. The progress of corrosion in each material over the five years has thus been elucidated. Within the range of the 5-year exposure test, most of the selected new materials pose no problems in regard to durability. However, marine structures are more vulnerable to alternate stresses than general structural members on land because of constant waves and pulsating gales on the sea. The authors intend to investigate the durability of structural members under continued or cyclic stress as a subject for the future.
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Mao, Jin, Xun Xu, Lihui Wang, and Stephen Newman. "A Statistic Review of Computer-Aided Process Planning Research." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34022.
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Since the late 1970’s, computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has attracted a large amount of research interest, which has led to a huge volume of literature published on this subject. The literature encompasses both reviews and research articles. The review articles are mostly technologically oriented. This paper takes a different angle to look back the CAPP research, that is, a statistic approach. The paper analyses the journals that have been publishing CAPP research works. The concept of “Subject Strength” of a journal is introduced and used to gauge the level of focus of a journal on a particular research subject/domain, i.e. CAPP. Discussions about the recent CAPP research works are presented in different categories as they fall in. The term “Technology Impact Factor (TIF)” is introduced to assess the level of impact of a particular technology, in terms of citation counts. All discussions and analyses are carried out based on the data gathered from the Elsevier’s Scopus abstract and citation database. Finally, a discussion on the future development is presented. The literature suggests that this is the only review article of the similar nature in the first decade of the century.
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Doyle, Richard L., and John E. Halkyard. "Large Scale Airlift Experiments for Application to Deep Ocean Mining." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29641.
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Deep ocean mining for manganese nodules was the subject of extensive research and development in the 1970s. Recently, the discovery of very rich massive sulfide deposits in deep water has sparked renewed interest in this technology. This paper will report the results of a series of experiments conducted in the late 1970s to validate predictions for the performance of airlift pumping for an ocean mining application. The paper will discuss the sensitivity of airlift performance to proper flow regime maintenance and the comparison between experiments and theory. Implications on full scale system design and control will be discussed.
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Hemachandra, Ravindu, and Menaha Thayaparan. "Improving Psychological Health of Junior Professionals in the Construction Organisations in Sri Lanka." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ocxl3958.
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Construction is a volatile and highly uncertain industry that faces several challenges in terms of poor image, skills and labour shortage, exposure to adverse weather, macho culture, and stressful environment. The labour-intensive nature of construction industry leads to vertical and horizontal segregation within the workforce. This study focuses on the psychological health experienced by junior professionals from the time they join until they settle down in Sri Lanka. It is vital to keep the junior professionals in their best psychological position to ensure their continuity in the job. This study investigated the risk factors that contribute to psychological health of junior professionals in construction industry and proposed strategies to address such risk factors. The research adopted a qualitative survey strategy, where 24 semi-structured qualitative interviews, including 18 junior and 6 senior construction professionals, were conducted. The research identified 26 factors under five categories such as adverse nature, apprenticeship, company culture, competition and opinions. While conforming to the existing factors from literature, the research revealed new factors too. Few to name are some common factors such as lack of leisure events, deadlines, job uncertainty; some personal factors such as human behaviour, illegal activities, personal agendas, lack of belongingness, educational background, personal bias, and lack of confidence and some dependency factors such as lack of support from seniors and task-oriented training. The senior professionals, while agreeing to most of these factors, claimed these are mainly due to the limited subject specific knowledge and lack of awareness on the nature of the job including regulations and policies by junior professionals. Appointing a mental health monitoring officer, implementing stronger human resource management policies, investing on training and development, counselling and support systems and encouraging more social activities were some of the key strategies proposed to improve the psychological wellbeing of the junior professional. KEYWORDS: Psychological Health, Junior Professionals, Human Resources Management, Construction Organisations.
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Yu, Mei, Ian R. Grosse, Beverly Woolf, and Mike Lindenmuth. "UMASST: A New Teaching Tool for Stress State Transformation." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48202.
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This paper presents UMASST, the UMASS Stress State Transformation tutor. UMASST is a multimedia tutor based on active engagement of the learner and the use of visualization. The development of UMASST was informed by cognitive models of human reasoning, research on how people learn and computing technology. As a multimedia Director® and web-based application with knowledge-centered and assessment-centered modules, the UMASST targets improving understanding and mastery of transformation of stress states in mechanics of materials. In the knowledge-centered modules learners receive in-depth information on physical meaning and real-life applications of stress state transformations before their understanding is assessed in interactive workshops. The assessment-centered modules assist novices in assessing themselves on the subject domain. Assessment results show that the current efficacy of the UMASST tutor is above that of in-class lectures. Future work will include a learner-centered module customizing learning process by considering learners’ individual backgrounds.
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Marlowe, Joseph, John Smith, Dravin Thomas, and Subha Kumpaty. "A Minimalistic and Historically-Based STEM Learning Approach." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10465.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract As part of Milwaukee School of Engineering’s (MSOE) 2019 Senior Design program, a design team has worked with Old World Wisconsin (OWW) — a museum in Waukesha County — to incorporate STEM education into their historical platform. This involved introducing methods to teach STEM concepts to visitors, most of which are school children in the K-12 system. Background research on current Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) methods for K-12 audiences show that there is an overall lack of STEM introduction for students in the United States, and as such, students in the U.S. fail to meet averages for international testing standards for STEM concepts. Research shows that young students require hands on programs in which they can form hypotheses, test hypotheses, and question how these concepts can be applied to real life scenarios. The physical designs in this project consist of stations which relate to OWW’s current exhibits, and introduce statics and dynamics concepts, such as the concepts of mechanical advantage. These concepts are introduced through physical mechanisms that visitors to OWW can interact with in a safe manner, without the need of close supervision. With the guidance of facilitators, school children on field trips will learn mechanics concepts in a tactile and visual manner while being taught key points by the facilitator. The physical designs in this project exist in OWW’s Bicycle Shop, Peterson Wagon Shop, and Loomer Barn. The bicycle shop station consists of a sprocket and chain setup in which visitors can drive a sprocket using a handle, to discover how gear ratios can affect output speeds and torque for a given input speed and torque. The station in the wagon shop has a table with multiple tracks on which a scale wheel can be rolled, to show the relationships between translational and rotational dynamics. In the Loomer Barn, there is a lever station which shows the concepts of moments and moment arms, as well as mechanical advantage, which visitors can solve problems with to understand the relationship between moment arms, and the applied forces required to balance a lever. Also in the barn, a pulley station explores the use of multiple pulleys to make lifting require less force, while increasing the required pulling distances. Each station is accompanied by worksheets that can be distributed to teachers and other visitors via e-mail, which will serve as further supplementary learning tools to enhance visitors’ understanding of the subject material. Design specifications are defined for the size, weight, and types of components to be allowed in the wagon and sprocket modules. These design specifications are met by the finalized designs. The separate stations have undergone some revision over time through different design prototype phases. In the prototype phases, 3D printing was the main means of design, but since these devices are meant to be large and sturdy to offer permanent visual cues to young students, these prototypes were not only temporary solutions, but impossible to 3D print or manufacture within a reasonable cost and time frame. Because of this, the use of externally sourced parts from McMaster-Carr and Menards was decided upon to fulfill the goals of this project. This project was feasible in that it was accomplished by meeting standards related to the background research on STEM education, as well as falling within the realm of historical relevance to OWW’s exhibits. The project was assembled and distributed to OWW within the desired time-frame of both MSOE, and OWW.