Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Research priority'
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Tan, Jian-An Tan Jian-an. "Research on offside priority round-about operations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=1097.
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Mutangadura, Gladys. "Meeting Development Objectives with Agricultural Research: Priority Setting in Zimbabwe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30609.
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In times of tightening national budgets as a result of structural adjustment requirements, the need to make choices in Zimbabwe's publicly funded research is heightened. Adoption of quantitative priority setting methods help improve the objectivity of decision-making while fostering consistency of research priorities with the attainment of research system objectives This study develops and applies a quantitative methodology for agricultural research priority setting for Zimbabwe's Department of Research and Specialist Services (DR&SS) under multiple objectives. Such a methodology must incorporate the structural characteristics of Zimbabwe's agricultural sector: the existence of different farmer types, five different agro-ecological regions and multiple objectives. A three part procedure was used in this study to prioritize agricultural research in Zimbabwe. The first part involved identifying the research objectives, defining the list of commodity and non-commodity programs to be prioritized, defining the agro-ecological zones and collecting technology related data and published information. Researchers, extension workers, and farmer representatives were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain technology-related data. The second part involved economic analysis to measure the contributions of agricultural research to total economic benefits and their distribution by farmer type and agro-ecological region. Net present values (NPV) of economic surplus gains by research program were used to summarize the total economic efficiency gains projected over fifteen years. Once the benefits have been estimated, the third part of the procedure involved using mathematical programming (MP) to project the optimal allocation of research resources among the various commodities under alternative weights on objectives. A ranking of the expected NPVs indicated that agricultural research priorities are different between smallholder farmers and large scale commercial farmers, with maize cotton, groundnuts, sunflower, goats, pulses and millets being of high priority for smallholder farmers, while maize, beef, cotton, coffee, wheat, dairy, stonefruit, soybeans and roses were top priority for large scale commercial farmers. Research discipline priorities for smallholder farmers include agronomy, plant breeding and chemistry and soils while for large-scale commercial farmers the priorities are plant breeding, agronomy, and plant protection. Optimal allocation of research resources given two objectives (efficiency and equity) were assessed in a series of runs with the mathematical programming model. The tradeoff costs associated with putting an extra weight of different sizes on the equity objective, given the current total budget constraint were relatively modest implying that DR&SS can allocate resources to research on smallholder farming without great loss in efficiency.Ph. D.
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Claxton, Karl Philip. "The value of clinical information : an economic approach to research priority setting." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21048/.
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Kalyebara, Robert Mwesige. "An economic surplus approach to priority setting for agricultural research in Uganda /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486399160107986.
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Batz, Franz-Josef. "Improving priority setting for livestock research by using technology characteristics for adoption assessment /." Berlin : Köster, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009017511&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Torabi, Elham. "Capacity and Flow Management in Healthcare Delivery Systems with Multi-priority Patients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043863.
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Berg, Julie Marie. "Educator's perceptions of priority school nursing activities and influencing factors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2341.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the relative priority rankings assigned by educators and practiontioners of activities performed by school nurses. It examines the factors that under lies the differences in priorities assigned.
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Iqbal, Halima, J. West, Melanie Haith-Cooper, and R. R. C. McEachan. "A systematic review to identify research priority setting in Black and minority ethnic health and evaluate their processes." PLOS ONE, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18510.
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YesBackground: Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities suffer from disproportionately poorer health than the general population. This issue has been recently exemplified by the large numbers of infection rates and deaths caused by covid-19 in BAME populations. Future research has the potential to improve health outcomes for these groups. High quality research priority setting is crucial to effectively consider the needs of the most vulnerable groups of the population. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify existing research priority studies conducted for BAME health and to determine the extent to which they followed good practice principles for research priority setting. Method: Included studies were identified by searching Medline, Cinnahl, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, as well as searches in grey literature. Search terms included “research priority setting”, “research prioritisation”, “research agenda”, “Black and minority ethnic”, “ethnic group”. Studies were included if they identified or elicited research priorities for BAME health and if they outlined a process of conducting a research prioritisation exercise. A checklist of Nine Common Themes of Good Practice in research priority setting was used as a methodological framework to evaluate the research priority processes of each study. Results: Out of 1514 citations initially obtained, 17 studies were included in the final synthesis. Topic areas for their research prioritisation exercise included suicide prevention, knee surgery, mental health, preterm birth, and child obesity. Public and patient involvement was included in eleven studies. Methods of research prioritisation included workshops, Delphi techniques, surveys, focus groups and interviews. The quality of empirical evidence was diverse. None of the exercises followed all good practice principles as outlined in the checklist. Areas that were lacking in particular were: the lack of a comprehensive approach to guide the process; limited use of criteria to guide discussion around priorities; unequal or no representation from ethnic minorities, and poor evaluation of their own processes. Conclusions: Research priority setting practices were found to mostly not follow good practice guidelines which aim to ensure rigour in priority setting activities and support the inclusion of BAME communities in establishing the research agenda. Research is unlikely to deliver useful findings that can support relevant research and positive change for BAME communities unless they fulfil areas of good practice such as inclusivity of key stakeholders’ input, planning for implementation of identified priorities, criteria for deciding on priorities, and evaluation of their processes in research priority setting.
This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Yorkshire and Humber in the form of Ph.D. funding to HI [NIHR200166], the UK Prevention Research Partnership (UKPRP) in the form of funding to JW and RM [MR/S037527/1], the NIHR Clinical Research Network in the form of funding to JW, and the NIHR ARC Yorkshire and Humber in the form of funding to RM.
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Metin, Huseyin. "Assessing Impacts Of The European Framework Programme On Turkish Participants: A Case Study On Fp6 Ist Priority." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612283/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to assess impacts of European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP) on Turkish participants, focusing on Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) Information Society Technologies (IST) priority.
A two-sided approach was employed while assessing impacts. First, DELPHI method was used to quantify and prioritise expectations of the decision makers in key stakeholderssecond, a survey was designed to measure additionalities and the level of achievements of program participants. Scientific and technological impacts, economic impacts, institutional impacts and impacts on collaboration and sectoral knowledge were questioned as four main impact criteria. It is demonstrated in survey results that, significantly high levels of impacts were achieved in scientific and technological impacts and impacts on collaborations and development of sectoral knowledge. Nonetheless, economic impacts were noted to be lowest among all impact factors. Level of impacts were tested for different control factors including project instrument, organization type, project activity, project role and received grant. Project role was proved to be the most important control factor affecting the level of impact. It is presented in comparison of decision makers&rsquo
expectations and participants&rsquo
achievements that, decision makers&rsquo
expectations were mostly satisfied by participants except for economic impacts. Turkish participants in FP6 IST field had significant impacts in three out of four main impact factors. Moreover, decision makers expectations were highly satisfied except for economic impact factors. The results of this study, relying on the assessed impacts of FP6 IST field, support Turkey&rsquo
s participation in forthcoming FPs.
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Gierend, Albert Johannes. "Integration of risk and multiple objectives in priority setting for agricultural research the case of the national dairy research program in Kenya /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957731450.
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Nasser, Mona. "Setting priorities for conducting and updating systematic reviews." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10849.
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Systematic reviews - appraisal and synthesis of all primary research - are increasingly being used to inform policy and practice in health care. Therefore, it is important to understand how the key questions in systematic reviews are identified and prioritised and whether they are relevant to policy makers, practitioners and members of the public. Research priority setting (RPS) is usually defined as any interpersonal activity that leads to the selection of topics and/or choices of key questions to investigate . Diverse approaches to setting research priorities are used in different countries, regions and organisations. There is no consensus in the literature on the most effective processes with which to set these priorities. However, these decisions define the quality and implications of the evidence, and syntheses of it, available to patients, public and policy makers to help them make informed decisions. My initial scoping work, was to design and conduct a survey across an influential international systematic review organisation (Cochrane Collaboration ) on how they set priorities for their reviews. We identified 13 structured approaches to setting priorities. As part of the project, we developed an evaluation framework that demonstrated whether the priority setting processes meet the values and principles of the Cochrane Collaboration. Subsequently, we developed an equity lens for research priority setting exercises to inform the design of research priority setting processes to ensure that they consider the priorities of disadvantaged groups along with advantaged groups. We used the equity lens to do a second evaluation on the priority setting processes in the Cochrane Collaboration. Both evaluation frameworks demonstrated that the Cochrane Collaboration requires better designed priority setting approaches and must be more transparent in reporting those processes. The evaluation of research priority setting exercises in the Cochrane Collaboration, along with the wider literature, demonstrates that research priority setting exercises cannot be evaluated in isolation from organisational cultures, values and context. Therefore, the next step of the project focused on a specific stakeholder group (major research funders) with significant influence on research, including support for systematic reviews. We selected 11 national research agencies in the UK, Netherlands, France, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Australia, Canada, and the USA. We devised and used a checklist based on Chalmers and Glasziou’s “avoidable research waste” framework (and evaluated the processes and policies of these agencies using this checklist). As previous evaluations had demonstrated, this second evaluation found a lack of transparency in the process of setting priorities for research and other related organisational and policy issues. Increased funding is needed for methodological research to evaluate research practices and to monitor how funding research projects is done and reported. My evaluation of funding agencies and the Cochrane Collaboration found a similar lack of transparency and accountability in the context of conflicting values among stakeholders that decreases accountability and scrutiny of researchers and their institutions. However, the projects have led to organisational and policy changes in the two key stakeholder groups (the Cochrane Collaboration and selected funding agencies). Officials of national health research funding agencies have approached me to collaborate with them to address the issues raised by my work on reducing research waste. This led to the establishment of Funders Forum - the Ensuring Value in Research (EViR) Funders’ Collaboration and Development Forum - to enable agencies in various countries to exchange their experience in addressing issues and creating work groups to address them. The Forum is chaired by individuals from three major research funders: NIHR (UK), ZonMW (Netherlands) and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI; USA). The Forum organises several meetings to establish common principles, standards and work plans to achieve the common objective around reducing research waste and adding value for research for a national research funder.
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Acan, Sinan Can. "Genetic Diversity Of Sheep Breeds Focusing On Conservation Research In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614257/index.pdf.
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In the first part of the present study, samples of 13 native Turkish sheep
breeds (n=628) were examined, individually and comparatively, with respect
to their 19 microsatellite loci to characterize them by employing various
statistical analyses. Low FST values, high mean number of alleles and allelic
richness as well as results of Factorial Correspondence Analysis and
Structure analyses showed the degree of admixture between native sheep
breeds of Turkey, IVE and SAK were observed as the most distincts of the
breeds and possible introgressions were detected in other breeds. The 2-
BAD, a software to examine the admixtures, was employed to estimate the
time of the admixtures and the MSVAR software was employed to detect
past demographic histories. In the second part, evaluations based on their
genetic characteristics were made in relation to their prioritization in
conservation studies. By employing four different approaches, it has been
concluded that IVE, SAK, KRY, KIV, HEM and breed from Central Anatolia
should be included in a conservation program for the preservation of
optimum genetic diversity. In the last part of the thesis breeds were also
characterized with respect to their relative risk of extinctions and their merits,
which were used to estimate the utilities of the breeds. Non-genetic factors,
collected based on the existing literature and surveys throughthe
questionnaires filled by the field specialists, were incorporated into genetic
factors to estimate the utilities of the breeds under different scenarios. In this
approach, it is concluded that NOR, AKK, SAK, IVE and HEM should be
included in the conserved set of breeds.
By the present study, it is believed that specific genetic features of the native
Turkish sheep breeds were documented, effects of sampling on the
population genetic studies was discussed, the need for a reliable data
(genetic and nongenetic, for characterizing the risks and merits of the
breeds) for the prioritization of the breeds in the long term sustainable
conservation ofthem was emphasized.
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Waldau, Susanne. "Creating organisational capacity for priority setting in health care : using a bottom-up approach to implement a top-down policy decision." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36316.
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In this thesis, priority setting to the form of the Swedish parliamental decision on priority setting, 1997, is considered an innovation for implementation in health care. The features of this innovation are investigated. The practical implications of implementation are identified by investigating the user organisation, ie, Swedish health care organisations and management systems. Also, a case of a three-stage process for macro-level priority setting that engaged the entire organisation in the Västerbotten County Council (VCC) is presented. This is done against a background of preceding implementation efforts in the VCC. Four specific research efforts and papers are presented. In Paper I, priority setting is operationalised into a multi-dimensional resource allocation task. On that basis, with the help of interviews (1998) and surveys (2002 and 2005) primarily of VCC health care managers, the impact of implementation is measured by prioritisation structures, processes and decisions. Survey response rates were low. Results were used as qualitative data, internally compared, and interpreted as: a) responses reflected mainly “early adopters’” opinions; b) priority setting is an ambiguous concept; c) indicating limited overall implementation; d) reinterpretation of the prioritisation task occurred over time among respondents; and, e) this group took increasingly personal responsibility as stakeholders in priority setting. Paper II reports a case study intervention of explicit, departmental level priority setting with the aim of improving cost-effectiveness in in vitro fertilization resource use and a rationing of services perceived legitimate by all stakeholders. The intervention combined priority setting and structured quality improvement techniques. Results were: a) improved operational efficiency of diagnostic procedures that allowed resources to be reallocated to treatment; and b) patients were prioritized and treatment resources were rationed based on evidence of treatment effect among subgroups. Evaluation showed that the procedure met stated criteria for legitimacy. In Paper III, a full-format test of the macro level prioritisation process is described and evaluated by participants with the help of surveys after each completed stage. Participants report the need for improvement of elements in the overall process and of procedural specifics. However, overall there was a strong commitment to the initiative and satisfaction with the process and the resulting decisions. In Paper IV, procedural specifics of the prioritisation process are evaluated. They are also compared to the Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA) framework when used for macro level purposes. Procedures provided intended results such as vertical and horizontal priority setting and a consistent process. However, economic targets were not fully achieved in any of the stages. Conclusions include that health care management systems are not prepared for priority setting and need profound restructuring and that the prioritisation process described in Papers III and IV was successful because: a) the process satisfied politicians’ directives; b) participants were satisfied with the procedures and perceived the subsequent reallocation decisions as legitimate; and, c) methods resulted in the intended outcome. Factors suggested as the basis of success include: long-term overall preparations; broad and deep participation; a readiness for change among participants; a stage for horizontal priority setting that added to the quality, feasibility and perceived validity of the knowledge base; a strong process leadership; and politicians determined to protect the process from opportunistic disturbances.
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Torrens, George. "An evaluation of the potential order and priority of research methods, design methods and design heuristics within an Assistive Technology new product development process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18588.
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This commentary reflects on a series of published research articles, 1996-2013, that form a PhD thesis by publication. The articles offer evidence of research into best practice relating to Assistive Technology (AT) product design as a specialist section of Industrial Design (ID). The aim of the research has been to provide AT product developers with a methodology that ordered and prioritised the application of proven research methods, design methods and design heuristics; as well as, to highlight the fundamental concepts that underpin the methodology. This commentary provides a review of the methods applied and discussion of their efficacy within each case study. The series of articles, evaluated at a meta-analysis level in the second part of the commentary, address the following research questions: 1) What is the optimum order and priority of conventional design methods, heuristics and research methods when applied within a new product development process for assistive technology products?, 2) Through a meta-analysis of case studies, are there key aspects that underpin an optimum AT-ID process? From the review, 61 research methods, design methods and heuristics were defined. An order of methods and heuristics identified some methods that were used throughout all phases of a NPD process that included literature review, benchmarking, mixed methods and participatory research. The methods and heuristics used in all phases highlighted a user-centred approach and the close collaboration with end users and stakeholders. There was also a focus of methods and heuristics around phase 2 of the 5 design process phases defined by Martin and Hannington. The critical review also highlighted key underpinning aspects that helped optimise an Industrial Design approach to ID-AT NPD. These were 1) creating a format for dialogue within the constraints of perception and 2) previous experience and the application of ethically sound protocols for the whole process. Lastly the change of terminology and attitudes of those working the Assistive Technology industry highlighted the need for more research into social acceptance of all aspects of Assistive Technology and the perception of disability from those living with impairment and by UK society as a whole.
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Gierend, Albert. "Integration of Risk and Multiple Objectives inPriority Setting for Agricultural Research." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14460.
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Prioritätensetzung in der Agrarforschung ist ein komplexes Entscheidungsproblem angesichts der Unsicherheit in der Abschätzung der erwarteten Wirkungen von Forschung und Technologien und den vielfältigen sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Zielen, die mit der Generierung von Wissen und neuen Technologien in landwirtschaftlichen Forschungsinstitutionen in Entwicklungsländern verbunden sind. Diese Arbeit versucht durch die Anwendung von formalen und quantitativen Evaluierungs- und Entscheidungsmethoden mit der besonderen Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit und multiplen Zielen einen Beitrag zur Methodenverbesserung in der Prioritätensetzung zu leisten. Zur Darstellung dieser Methoden wurde als Fallstudie das nationale Milchviehforschungsprogramm des "Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute" (KARI) ausgewählt. Gegenstand der Analyse sind 19 geplante Forschungsprojekte, die anhand eines stochastischen Evaluierungsansatzes ("Economic Surplus" und Monte Carlo Simulation) hinsichtlich ihrer ökonomischen Wirkungen auf den kenianischen Milchmarkt untersucht wurden. Die Evaluierungsergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte und anschließende Bewertung anhand verschiedener stochastischer Dominanztests zeigen, daß die Ableitung einer klaren Präferenzstruktur und Rangordnung innerhalb der Projekte nach ökonomischen Kriterien, z.B. Gegenwartswert und Kosten-Nutzenrelation, in vielen Fällen nicht möglich ist, sondern vielmehr von den unterstellten Risikopräferenzen abhängt. Dies bedeutet, daß aus der Sicht eines Planers eine differenzierte und vorsichtige Interpretation und Beratung des Forschungsmanagements vorzunehmen ist. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu einer deterministischen Investitionsanalyse. Mehrere mathematische Programmierungsmodelle wurden zur Analyse von multiplen Zielen, der Untersuchung der Wirkungen von Verteilungsaspekten und unterschiedlicher Risikopräferenzen auf die Zusammensetzung eines optimalen Forschungsportfolios entwickelt und angewandt. Obwohl in den meisten Fällen eine Änderung der Risikoeinstellung auch eine Änderung des optimalen Portfolios bewirken würde, sind die ökonomischen Unterschiede gemessen am Gegenwartswert der alternativen Portfolios unbedeutend. Die Analyse der Zielkonflikte zwischen Effizienz- und Verteilungsziel wurde unter zwei unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln für das Verteilungsziel untersucht: zum einen als räumliche und regionale Allokation des Forschungsnutzens, und zum anderen zwischen kenianischen Konsumenten und Produzenten von Milch. Aus den Modellergebnissen wird deutlich, daß eine spezielle Förderung von Produzenten- sowie Konsumenteninteressen nur beschränkt möglich ist, d.h. die jeweiligen Planungsoptionen nur geringe Umverteilungswirkungen erzielen. Ganz anders stellt sich die Situation bei einer regionalen Differenzierung dar. Dort würden je nach relativer Bedeutung einzelner Regionen starke Umverteilungswirkungen in den regionalen Einkommen auftreten. Allerdings sind diese Optionen im Vergleich zu einer "neutralen", d.h. regional indifferenten Ausrichtung mit großen Effizienzverlusten verbunden.Priority setting in agricultural research is a complex decision making problem due to the inherent uncertainty surrounding the impact of research activities and the multiple social and economic research objectives under which research institutions in developing countries have to operate. This study attempts to apply formal and quantitative evaluation and decision making methods for a more rigorous and explicit analysis of the uncertainty and multiple research objectives. These methods are illustrated by applying them to a priority setting exercise for the National Dairy Research Program of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) conducted in 1996. A set of 19 planned dairy research projects was proposed and specified by KARI scientists and the economic impact assessed based on a stochastic evaluation framework using economic surplus methods and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that comparing these projects by stochastic dominance criteria with respect to the expected net present value and cost-benefit ratio the final rank order is very much subject to assumed risk preferences of the decision- makers. Thus, decision advice on the type of prioritised projects for implementation and fund raising is much less clear-cut than a deterministic evaluation would suggest. Mathematical programming techniques were applied to analyse the trade-off between multiple research objectives, to examine the distributional consequences of research, and to explore how different risk strategies (from risk aversion to risk proneness) would affect the selection of a optimal research portfolio from the planned dairy research projects. Although risk has a strong bearing on the composition of a research portfolio for various different funding levels the economic implications are not significant in terms of net present value. In a Multiple-objective programming framework the trade-off between efficiency and equity was examined. Equity concern was looked at two different angles: first, by a spatial distribution of the research benefits, and second by the distributions among consumer and producer groups. Results show a limited scope of directing the dairy research plan either for the sake of consumers or producers while the scope of targeting different production zones in Kenya is much larger although the trade-offs in terms of foregone welfare between different zones are very pronounced.
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Merlo, Gregory B. ""Going over the parapet": The development of a framework for understanding the translation of evidence from economic evaluations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103657/8/Gregory%20Brian_Merlo_Thesis.pdf.
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The thesis contextualises the translation of evidence from economic evaluations into a broader implementation framework, while discussing the features of economic evaluation that make it unique as an innovation. Multiple research methods were used, including a review-based adaptation of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, a discrete choice experiment measuring the preferences of healthcare decision makers for aspects of economic evidence, and interviews with health economists about the evidence translation process. A new framework is proposed - the CFIR-EE (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research for Economic Evidence).
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Peters, Lilian Rose. "O Programa Pesquisa para o Sus: gestão compartilhada em saúde - PPSUS como ferramenta de descentralização do fomento à pesquisa em saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-14082014-131103/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Brasil adentrou o século 21, caracterizado como o século da Ciência e Tecnologia - C&T, buscando discutir, identificar e implantar mecanismos de construção de uma sociedade onde o conhecimento seja o propulsor de conquistas sociais, econômicas e culturais. Tinha pela frente a tarefa de confrontar desafios que se apresentavam no cenário do sistema nacional de C&T, como a fragmentação das atividades de C&T, a ausência de coordenação interinstitucional e a concentração das atividades de C&T em determinadas regiões do país. OBJETIVO: Este estudo se propôs analisar uma das principais estratégias do recém-criado Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúde para o enfrentamento a estes desafios, desenvolvido, entre os anos 2002 e 2008 por meio do Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde PPSUS. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de recursos dos métodos quantitativo de pesquisa e com suporte de instrumentos multivariados de coleta de dados: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. No tocante aos dados, foram coletados dados sobre o conjunto de projetos de pesquisa em ciência e tecnologia em saúde, fomentados no país no período de 2002 a 2008 e financiados pelo Ministério da Saúde, em ação compartilhada com Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) de Unidades Federativas do país e com Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde (SES). As fontes de coleta dos dados foram a base de dados gerenciais PesquisaSaúde do Ministério da Saúde e a base de dados do Curriculum Lattes do CNPq. A coleta de dados abrangeu o universo de 1.271 projetos de pesquisa, fomentados no país desde o início do programa de fomento à pesquisa em ciência e tecnologia em saúde (2002), até 2008, quando teve início a pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Nas três edições do PPSUS estudadas, houve a participação de todos os 27 estados da federação, 213 instituições de pesquisa e 1.151 pesquisadores. Do total de recursos 41 por cento foram alocados pelas FAPs e SES, mostrando uma crescente responsabilização destes como parceiros efetivos na consolidação do programa. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados observados reforçaram a hipótese positiva de que o programa de gestão descentralizada produziu efetivamente uma reestruturação em termos de gestão de C&T, interferindo no aprimoramento das políticas de C&T nos estados, institucionalizando ações de gestão de forma a se constituírem numa rotina administrativa. Quanto à redução das desigualdades na distribuição de recursos de C&T entre as grandes regiões do país, os resultados demonstraram que, nos estados onde as FAPs e SES estavam mais estruturadas foram, justamente, aqueles que mais contribuíam para as ações de C&T. Este movimento repete o status quo, proporcionando a continuidade das disparidades regionais. Porém, teve o êxito de produzir uma adesão positiva para ações efetivas em C&T em Estados onde não havia um histórico nesta área, traduzindo-se num forte aliado para a redistribuição de forças no cenário de C&T.INTRODUCTION: Brazil began the 21st century characterized as the century of Science and Technology - S&T, seeking to discuss, identify, and implement mechanisms for building a society where knowledge is the engine of social achievements, economic and cultural. Its objective was to confront challenges that were presented in the national scenario of S&T, as the fragmentation of S&T, the lack of interagency coordination and, concentration of S & T in certain regions of the country. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze one of the main strategies of the newly created Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health to face these challenges, developed between 2002 and 2008 by the \"Research Program to the SUS: management shared health - PPSUS\". METHOD: This was an exploratory and descriptive, developed through features of quantitative methods of research and support tools for multivariate data collection: bibliographic research, desk research. As regards the data were collected on the number of research projects in science and technology in health, fostered in the country in the period 2002-2008 and funded by the Ministry of Health, in action shared with the Research Support Foundations (FAPs) of Federal Units of the country and the State Departments of Health (SES). The sources of data collection were the data base management \"PesquisaSaúde\" the Ministry of Health and, the database of the CNPq Lattes Curriculum. The data collection covered the universe of 1,271 research projects, promoted in the country since the beginning of the program to encourage research in science and technology in health (2002) until 2008, when the survey began. RESULTS: In the three editions of PPSUS studied, there was participation from all 27 states of the federation, 213 research institutions and researchers 1151. 41 per cent of the total funds were allocated by FAPs and SES, showing an increasing accountability of consolidation as effective partners in the program. CONCLUSION: The results reinforced the positive assumption that the program of decentralized produced effectively restructured in terms of management of C&T, interfering in improving policies for S & T in the states, institutionalizing management actions in order to constitute an administrative routine. As for the reduction of inequalities in the distribution of resources in S & T among the major regions of the country, the results showed that, in states where the FAPs were more structured and SES were precisely those who most contributed to the actions of S&T. This movement repeats the status quo, providing continuity of regional disparities. But the success had to produce a positive adherence to effective actions in S&T in states where there was a historic in this area, resulting in a strong ally for the redistribution of forces in the scenario of S&T.
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Romero-Pinazo, Sophie. "Autorégulation et représentations sociales dans les processus d'apprentissage de professionnels de l'éducation : recherches expérimentales sur les effets d’une formation par alternance dans les réseaux d’éducation prioritaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3055/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le système complexe de la formation par alternance des adultes avec une initiation à l’autoévaluation. Quels sont les éléments qui participeraient aux changements initiés par la loi de Refondation pour pallier les inégalités scolaires constatées ? Notre objet d’étude se situe hors de l’école en REP, avec un dispositif d’accompagnement à la scolarité qui prend en charge des enfants de 7 ans en difficulté scolaire : le CELEM (Club Lecture Ecriture Mathématiques). Bien que des études s’intéressent à l’impact de différents facteurs sur la réussite des enfants, les recherches qui permettent la validation des modèles d’évaluation formatrice sont rares. Nous proposons une initiation à l’autorégulation lors de la formation des intervenants des clubs afin de favoriser le développement cognitif et l’autonomie des adultes et par la suite des enfants. Notre méthodologie a pour objectif de tester une relation causale entre la formation des intervenants et la progression des enfants pour des disciplines scolaires et dans le comportement. Notre méthode est quasi expérimentale, comparative, prospective en quasi double aveugle. Deux groupes d’intervenants ont été constitués par randomisation. Les cartes associatives réalisées ont permis de suivre l’évolution des représentations que les intervenants se font de leur mission. Les résultats obtenus sont positifs et ont été corroborés par les résultats des enfants. On a constaté des modifications statistiquement significatives qui permettent d’affirmer que l’initiation à l’autorégulation des intervenants a entraîné des modifications de leurs représentations et l’amélioration des résultats des enfantsThis thesis falls within the complex system of the work/study training program of adults with an introduction to self-regulation. Which elements would participate to the changes initiated by the law of Reorganization to compensate the existing educational inequalities? Our subject is set outside school in the high-priority education network, within a plan of educational support for seven-year-olds with learning difficulties : the Reading Writing Mathematics Club. Though several studies take interest in the impact of various factors on the children’s success, little research has been done to validate the models of formative evaluation. We propose to improve the training of the Club’s staff members with an introduction to self-regulation, to stimulate the cognitive development and independence of both adults and children. Our methodology aimed to test a cause and effect relation between the staff's training and the children’s progress in both school subjects and behaviour. Our method was almost experimental, comparative, prospective, practically double blinded. Two staff groups were randomly formed. We observed how the representations they had of their own mission evolved, before and after their training; the obtained results were corroborated by the children’s results. We observed statistically significant differences which allow us to affirm that the training in self-regulation of the staff members changed their representations and led to better results for the children
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Crimmel, Brian A. "A priori and on-line route optimization for unmanned underwater vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72848.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-156).
The U.S. military considers Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) a critical component of the future for two primary reasons - they are effective force multipliers and a significant risk-reducing agent. As the military's technology improves and UUVs become a reliable mission asset, the vehicle's ability to make intelligent decisions will be crucial to future operations. The thesis develops various algorithms to solve the UUV Mission-Planning Problem (UUVMPP), where the UUV must choose which tasks to perform in which sequence in a stochastic mission environment. The objective is to find the most profitable way to execute tasks with restrictions of total mission time, energy, time-restricted areas, and weather conditions. Since the UUV accumulates navigation error over time while maneuvering underwater, the UUV must occasionally halt operations to re-orient itself via a navigation fix. While a navigation fix takes time and increases the likelihood of exposing the vehicle's position to potential adversaries, a reduction in navigation error allows the UUV to perform tasks and navigate with a greater amount of certainty. The algorithms presented in this thesis successfully incorporate navigation fixes into the mission-planning process. The thesis considers Mixed-Integer Programming, Exact Dynamic Programming, and an Approximate Dynamic Programming technique known as Rollout to determine the optimal a priori route that meets operational constraints with a specified probability. The thesis then shows how these formulations can solve and re-solve the UUVMPP on-line. In particular, the Rollout Algorithm finds task route solutions on average 96% of the optimal solution a priori and 98% of the optimal solution on-line compared to exact algorithms; with a significant reduction in computation run time, the Rollout Algorithm permits the solving of increasingly complex mission scenarios.
by Brian A. Crimmel.
S.M.
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Bachmann, Lorenz. "Review of the Agricultural Knowledge System in Fiji." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14618.
Full textAbstract:
Der Inselstaat Fidschi im Südpazifik hat ein ausgeprägtes Landwirtschaftliches Wissenssystem mit einer Reihe privater und staatlicher Institutionen. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung standen die staatlichen Agrarforschungs- und Beratungsabteilungen des Landwirtschaftsministeriums. Mit einem partizipativen Aktionsforschungsansatz wurde untersucht, welchen Beitrag partizipative Methoden zur Verbesserung des Informationsflusses zwischen Bauern und dem Ministerium leisten können, um damit eine systematische Integration der Probleme der Bauern im Wissenssystem zu erreichen. Weiterhin wurde erhoben, welchen Beitrag Plattformen für eine effizientere Arbeit im Ministerium leisten können. Partizipative Methoden (PRA) erwiesen sich als sehr geeignet den Dialog mit den Bauern zu fördern und deren Probleme zu analysieren. Neben den Problemen konnten auch die Potenziale der Betriebe und bäuerliche Lösungsvorschläge gut erfasst werden. Als Ergebnis wurde eine Modell zur systematischen Problemerfassung und Bestimmung von Forschungs- und Beratungsprioritäten erarbeitet. Der Trainingskurs in partizipativen Methoden zeigte folgende Stärken der lokalen Mitarbeiter auf: Organisieren von Untersuchungen, Anwendung partizipativer Methoden im Feld, praktische Implementierung, Visualisierung und Präsentation von Untersuchungsergebnissen. Schwachpunkte wurden hingegen in folgenden Bereichen festgestellt: konzeptionelles Denken, Interpretation und Auswertung der Daten sowie der schriftlichen Abfassung von Ergebnissen. Diese Defizite im konzeptionellen Bereich schränken das mit den Methoden erreichbare Problemlösungspotenzial ein. Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter und eine Verbesserung der lokalen Agrarausbildung werden benötigt, um das Niveau der wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung anzuheben. Die Untersuchung von vier Projekten zeigte, dass diese als Plattformen gut zur Innovationsentwicklung und eingeschränkt zu deren Verbreitung geeignet waren. Eine ausgewogene Beteiligung aller Akteure zeichnete die erfolgreichste Plattform aus. Als Stärken des Plattformmodells konnten festgehalten werden: bessere Koordination, verbesserte Verbindungen und Schnittstellen, bessere Zusammenarbeit aller Akteure, bessere Aussichten gesetzte Ziele zu erreichen, Vermeidung von Doppelforschung und eine effiziente Ausnutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Schwächen des Modells wurden in folgenden Punkten gesehen: Konsenserzielung, institutionelle Akzeptanz und Mangel an entsprechend ausgebildeten Fachkräften im Ministerium. Drei Jahre nach Beginn der Trainingsmaßnahmen konnte eine teilweise Institutionalisierung von partizipativen Methoden im Ministerium festgestellt werden. Zur weiteren Konsolidierung partizipativer Methoden und Plattformen wird eine Linkage-Abteilung empfohlen.The small Island country Fiji has an articulated agricultural knowledge system with private and public institutions. The agricultural research and extension departments of the Ministry of Agriculture are the focus of this study. A participatory action research methodology was used to investigate the potential of participatory methods and to improve information flows between farmers and the Ministry in order to achieve a systematic Integration of farmers' problems into the knowledge system. Furthermore, the potential of platforms in improvement of the efficiency of work in the Ministry was studied. Participatory methods proved suitable in improving the dialog with farmers and the analysis of their problems. Besides this, farmers potentials and their ideas for solutions could be assessed. As a result, a model for the systematic compilation of farmers' problems and respective research and extension priorities could be elaborated. The training course on participatory methods revealed the following strength of Ministry staff: organising surveys, field use of tools, presentation and visualisation of findings. Conceptual thinking, analytical skills, interpretation, and report writing skills were identified as weaknesses. These deficits restrict the problem solving potential of participatory methods in the Ministry. Further education of Ministry staff and revised curricula at the local agricultural colleges will be required, to raise the overall level of scientific education. Four projects that were studied as cases for platforms, revealed that platforms were suitable means for promoting innovation development and somewhat less successful for the diffusion of findings. The most successful platform was characterised by a balanced contribution and participation of all actors involved. Strengths of the platform model were identified as such: better co-ordination, improved linkages, better interplay of actors, better means to reach goals, reduced duplication of efforts, and better use of resources. Weaknesses were seen in the need to achieve consensus and co-ordination, the weakening of hierarchical authority due to increased flexibility, and the fact that experienced-trained staff were not available in abundance in the Ministry. Three years after the first introduction of participatory methods in the Ministry, a partial institutionalisation could be observed. For the further consolidation of participatory methods and platforms, a linkage unit for further promotion is recommended.
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Su, Shin-Shyu, and 蘇信旭. "Research on Priority Mix Planning for Semiconductor Fabs." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58796498190529722196.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
97
Effective provision of manufacturing services in multiple priority levels has been one critical aspect to the semiconductor supply chain management. A customer order with a higher priority level demands for a shorter cycle time and pays a higher price than those of orders in a lower priority. Fabs play a critical role because they require the most intensive capital investment and the longest cycle time among all manufacturing phases. The priority mix of a fab significantly affects its performance such as throughput, cycle time, wafer-in-process (WIP) and bottleneck location. Among the many fab performance indices, cycle time(CT) has a significant impact on productivity learning and customer serviceability. To measure and manage CTs, the notion of X-factor (XF), which is defined as the CT divided by raw processing time (RPT), has been introduced to be a sensitive performance indicator and is standardized across different products. The XF of each priority (PXF) is a function of release rates, processing flow requirements of individual priorities and bottleneck tool group utilization. In production planning of a fab, different XF target (XFT) specifications for individual priority levels of manufacturing services can be set to allow performance differentiation among machine groups of different characteristics and to specify the overall fab performance as well. In this thesis, we formulate mathematical model and study PMP problem of semiconductor manufacturing, which determines the wafer release rates of individual priorities that maximize the fab profits (revenue minus manufacturing and inventory costs) subject to PXFTs and capacity constraints. Ke-Ju Chen, 2006, developed a queueing network based model. His modeling methodology is focused on capturing how operation priority, production flow variations, and capacity utilizations may affect individual PXFs of a fab. The M/G/1:PR queue model is adopted to model the behavior of a service node (tool group). Then, a PXF contribution theory relates PXFs of individual service nodes to the overall fab PXF and provides a novel priority network model. We extend multi-machines scenario into M/G/m:PR and add multi-products based price-cost structure into the objective function of the PMP problem formulation. For Poisson process assumption, we compare PXF and simulated results which show the following factors which may affect the PXF errors: 1. The kinds of MG which arrival wafers come from, 2. Priority level, 3. The service time distribution of the MG which arrival wafers come from. Model fitting is then adopted to compensate, for each priority, the errors caused by assuming Poisson arrival process. Under a given price and cost structure, a PMP problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. We use optimal software Lingo and do not formulate an algorithm. Involving more priority levels will lead to long calculation time. Due to the close form of M/G/m:PR model, the calculation time will not increase significantly. That proves the value for the application on semiconductor fabs. After validation by simulation of a realistic fab example, we change the variable of FAB3 to numerically study the planning issues. Bottleneck utilization, price and cost structure is fixed: 1. Product process flow - optimal PM: With P1 with more complicated process steps makes PXFs reach targets at lower PM. 2. Total workload - optimal PM: Low P1 workload makes PXF1 reach target at low PM, an high P1 workload also does. As a result, we can find optimal workload for P1 to obtain the maximum PM. 3. PXFT sets - optimal PM: For the bigger PXFT sets, we will increase PM. And due to the bottleneck shifting resulted from too high PM, the PM will be adjusted a little lower. Summarize the contributions of this thesis: 1. Extended M/G/m:PR and constructed PXF model 2. Validated and compensated PXF model 3. Formulated PMP problem which considering multi-steps products 4. provided a planning tool which involve priority, price and cost structure, capacity utilization, WIP, process steps.
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CHU, YI-LIN, and 朱薏玲. "Enterprise Life-cycle Associated with the Financing of Priority Research." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67276609056232610738.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
會計研究所
97
There are mainly two academic theories concerning whether there must be an existing optimal corporate capital structure, i.e. target debt ratio. This research adopts the Packing Order Theory that believes the existing priorities in the enterprises concerning financial and funding decision making: first is the equity fund, second is the borrowed funds, and third is issuing new shares for financing. The Pecking Order Theory is the main subject to explore in this research. Alone with the internationalization of the global economy, the enterprises in Taiwan expand overseas more aggressively, and the enterprises need funds to support their investment plans. Thus, the ways of raising a large number of funds more efficiently as well as capital structure are important issues for the enterprises to consider carefully. This research is to find out if there are different strategies in response to the competitive external environment and internal conditions and also for enterprise development and survival in different life spans from establishment to recession. If the financing strategy will affect the company's external reputation, in-depth study is conducted through the empirical analysis in order to understand how enterprises make funding decisions in each stage of the life cycle. Therefore, in testing the Pecking Order Theory one should take the life cycle of enterprise into account such that a more careful and accurate interpretation might be provided. The goals of this study include: (a) Use the most appropriate division of the life cycle of enterprises. (b) Explore the differences of pecking order of financing in different the stages of enterprise life cycle. This study uses (a) life-cycle composite indicator as well as (b) multiple regression models to explore the differences of enterprise financing options in different life cycle. Conclusion: Comparing with the growing enterprise, the mature enterprise usually has higher debt ratio, long-term debt ratio, and short-term debt ratio, more investment opportunities, higher capital spending, higher profitability, low earning volatility, and low cash flow volatility. In addition, there are significant differences in the life cycle between the growing enterprise and the mature enterprise. Besides, the recessed enterprise has lower debt ratio, long-term debt ratio, and short-term debt ratio, fewer investment opportunities, similar capital spending structure, low earning volatility, and low cash flow volatility, comparing to the mature enterprise. There are also significant differences in the life cycle between the recessed enterprise and the mature enterprise, i.e. one per cent. These findings verified that the financial and funding decision making of enterprises complies with the Packing Order Theory.
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Lo, Chung-min, and 羅宗敏. "Research in Priority of Industrial Supply Chain for CALS Implementation." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06673843558267121587.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
企業管理學系
85
CALS(Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support)是美國國防部 於1985年開始實施的一項政策,他的目的是期望為美國國防部與國防工業 相關廠商建構一個電子資訊環境,讓武器裝備與零配件從研發,生產製造, 到武器操作使用,後勤維護,都透過標準化作業及改善技術進行改善並運用 資訊技術產生及獲得各種數值化的技術和管理資料,以縮短開發時程,降低 成本,提高品質為目標.由於經濟部已決定進行研發CALS相關技術並針對中 尉體系推動CALS輔導作業 ,本研究為配合上述政策乃針對中尉體系第一 類12個產業進行研究; 從文獻探討研究實施CALS的基本條件 ,美日實施 CALS所導入的產業及產品選擇與中衛制度的使命與導入CALS的優勢, 並依 據文獻探討及專家座談意見彙整導入CALS產業選擇準則, 並依據準則擬定 問卷實施普查及登錄之中衛體系中心廠以評估選擇導入之產業.本研究將 導入CALS的準則變數, 使用因素分析萃取11個導入CALS的選擇因素, 此11 個因素可作為未來導入CALS企業診斷及輔導之基本因素, 研究中並發現中 心廠與衛星廠共同進行程序改善是推動CALS的重要基礎工作. 在萃取共同 因素再利用主成份分析建構各樣本廠商導入 CALS的特質強度, 發現實施 CALS廠商基本上要達某一規模, 導入後之成本效益才會顯著, 且要致力於 提昇中尉資訊的溝通水準與應用資訊運作體系管理機制的能力才能達到事 半功倍之效果; 最後採用單因子變異數分析探討各產業別導入CALS特質強 度的差異, 分析結果建議應優先選擇電腦資訊業, 汽機車業及家電等三個 產業導入CALS, 其次為選擇電子業, 自行車業及電機等三個產業, 其餘產 業在隨後全面推廣.註: 由於經濟部技術處CALS產業技術發展策略規劃核 心專家會議尚未訂出統一之CALS中文名稱, 因此本研究以英文字頭語稱 之, 而不另命名. CALS was a policy implemented by the Department of Defense(DoD) of America in 1985. It aimed at building an electronic data environment between the DoD and the defense industryrelated manufacturers. With it, the weapon equipment and parts, Starting from R&D, production, operation to logistic maintenance, can be upgraded through standardized procodure and improved technology. Meanwhile, it shortened the schdule of R& D, lowered the production cost and improved the qual-ity of product by using informantion technology to produce and acquire the nume-rical technology and management data.Ministry of Economic Affairs has decided to develop the CALS-relaed technology and to implement CALS especially in supply chain system. Based on the governm- ent policy as mentioned above, the paper is to study and evaluate priorities of applying CALS in the maijor twelve industries in this supply chain system. ALL the approaches of this research include to address the infrastructure considera-tion issues for CALS implementation from recent domestic and overseas seminar, to refer the past experience of CALS implementation from recent domestic and overseas seminar, to refer the past experience of CALS operating in products in products and industries in United States and in Japan, to consolidate the experts'opinions with some criteria to select industries for effective implementtation of CALS, as well as to survey with the specific designed questionnaires those registered corporates in the supply chain system.This study will derive major variables of CALS by means of factor analysis to select 11 key factors, which going to be the key variables to assist enterprisesfor applying CALS. Besides, we also found that the process improvement made by both the central and satellite factories is the basis for participating in an effective CALS environment. In the progress of using principle compenents analysis to build all sample corporates, we learned that it will get obvious advantages in cost performance if the candidate corporates for CALS implementa-tion reach some level of scale. In addition, it is necessary to increase the abilities of management chain system. Finally, we applied One-Way ANOVA to explore the difference to approach CALS implementaition for these industries respectively as said before. The result shows that computer information, automobile and electronic industies are the first priority candidates of the supply chain system in our research scope to participate in CALS implementation.The second ones are bicycle, mechanical and electric engineering industriesm, and then the others.
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施奕騁. "Research on Methods of Bus Rapid Transit Signal Priority Control." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45184966837314699328.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
運輸科技與管理學系
102
Traffic congestion has already been one of the most important problems waiting to be soved badly. In this circumstance, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is considered to be an efficient way to ease traffic problems, improve traffic conditions and enhance transportation efficiency. In Taiwan, multiple cities are planning their BRT networks, and first to realize the operation in Chiayi. Most of the BRTvehicles have special bus lanes on urban roads, but their characteristics of sharing road resources means the BRT vehicles in urban intersections have to compete the right of way with other social traffic flows. In order to guarantee the high service level of BRT as a new type of public transport system, priority control to the BRT vehicles in an intersection is necessary. However, the widely used inductive control methods only pay attention to reduce the delay of BRT vehicles, while ignoring the influence of other social traffic. This paper discuss the signal control methods in a single intersection when a BRT priority is need. It is believed that both social traffic efficiency and BRT priority should be considered. The passive fixed-time control and the active inductive control are modeled to find the disadvantage. Active adaptive control is put forward, in which arrival time prediction model and scheme execution decision model are proposed. In this control mode, arrival time is predicted when the BRT vehicle close to the intersection, so as to adjust the control strategy dynamically. And finally whether the priority control strategy execution should be operated will be determined, according to the social traffic congestion state. The active adaptive control mode is not limited to the BRT priority, but aslo pays more attention to the efficiency of the whole intersction. Three intersections in Taichung city are simulated to study these control methods. The simulation results show that: the stop rate of BRT vehicles at intersections in active adaptive control mode is much lower that that in passive fixed-time control mode, and even better than the active inductive control mode in off-peak hours; the delay and queue length of social traffic at intersection in active adaptive control mode is much lower than that in active inductive control mode, and close to that in passive fixed-time control mode. Therefore, the active adaptive control mode designed in this paper can not only meet the right-of-way of BRT viehicles, also may guarantee the overall traffic efficiency of the intersection. It provide theoretical basis to the development of operable BRT priority control system.
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Tsung-Ching, Lin. "Research on Internet Access Management by Priority Control and Quota Scheduling." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0202200516250500.
Full text
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Kao, Wei-Chieh, and 高尉傑. "Research of Medal-Winning Efficacy and Event Priority in Competitive Sport." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80093598217109411749.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
99
The critical key to improving effectively the level of sports and obtaining excellent results in the international tournament lies on the most efficient allocation of limited human, material and financial resources. The research design was based on the Content Analysis which was also called Documentary Analysis utilizing medal-winning probability and medal-winning efficiency. To investigate the records of the top 8th place in Olympic Games and Asian Games. Results: In the case of medal-winning in Olympic Games, women (57.4%) were superior to men (42.6%). The records of men (50.9%) were better than women (46.2%) in Asian Games; the remaining events were mixed group (2.9%). In the Golden Project, the event of golden medal winning in Olympic Games was about 90%, and the project of marketing Taiwan was only 10%. In the traditional events: track and field, swimming, gymnastics no results were obtained. In the Asian Games, the medal-winning of mainstream events were about 53.3%, and the remaining events were 46.7%. Cycling, volleyball, rowing, basketball, equestrian and sailing etc. were worth being developed. The indexes of events-priority were recent status, human resources, economic, equipment, and condition. Priority of implementation of key events in the Olympic Games, include Taekwondo, weightlifting, archery, shooting, table tennis, badminton, gymnastics, and swimming. The events in Asian Games are as follow: Taekwondo, pool, soft tennis, tennis, golf, karate, archery, shooting, cycling, weightlifting, bowling, judo, table tennis, martial arts, baseball, softball, track and field, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, rowing, equestrian, wrestling.
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Lin, Tsung-Ching, and 林宗慶. "Research on Internet Access Management by Priority Control and Quota Scheduling." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85463683895117709355.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
93
Abstract In a best effort and free of charge or flat-rate Internet access environment, there often exists abusive and unfair usage of network resources. In this thesis, the Internet access by the dormitory users at the National Taiwan University (NTU) serves as a conveyer problem for studying the design methodology to reduce abuse and improve fairness. Although several current network management tools, such as Cisco P-Cube and Packeteer Packet-Shaper, are popular in LAN environments for Internet access management, they are not only costly in installation and maintenance, but also need additional design methodology for effective operation. These deficiencies will be systematically addressed in this thesis. Based a conceptual framework of quota limitation and priority differentiation, two Internet access control schemes and their corresponding design methodologies are proposed. First, a quota-based priority control (QPC) is developed to resolve the problem of unfair and abusive Internet access encountered in the NTU dormitory networks. The goal is to meet the basic traffic demands of the majority users while limiting abusive usage from ignorant heavy users. Two classes of services are provisioned. The regular class sets a quota on each user’s traffic volume per quota control period. Out-of-profile or possibly abusive traffic is directed to a lower priority service class called the custody service and served when there is an excess bandwidth. The new policy and schemes are implemented on a quality of service (QoS) router, a meter reading server, an accounting server and a web-based service management server with minimal intrusion of user privacy and least disturbance to the existing service offering. The QoS router was designed and implemented by Sun et al, 2000, and the other servers were designed and implemented by Chou et al, 2001. The experimental results show that the original congestion at the bottleneck link was alleviated with a 48.9% reduction of the average packet drop rate. Abusive Internet access by the top 2% heavy users is greatly reduced by 57.82%. Astonishingly, over 91% users are pleased with this new policy and their network usages all increase. This is a win-win result. Under the new policy and implementation, users paying the same amount of service fee are now able to fairly share resources. Despite the aforementioned successful application of the QPC scheme, its peak-hour performance is unsatisfactory because it does not take the temporal variation of user demands into consideration. We then presents a design methodology for QPC with quota scheduling (QPC/QS) for time-of-the-day Internet access management. All users are given the same quota during each period in a day for regular access of the Internet and may still access at a lower priority when their quota has run out. The goals lie in reducing abuse, alleviating congestion and improving fairness of Internet access during peak hours over a free-of-charge or flat-rate network by exploiting existing network management tools. The quota scheduling scheme aims at inducing part of heavy user’s need from peak hours to off-peak hours. Our design methodology adopts an empirical data-based modeling approach and consists of the following five modules: 1] conduction of pilot experiment, a simple case of quota scheduling, 2] construction of the user demand model, 3] design of the quota scheduling scheme for smoothing congestion, 4] prediction of network performance and user usages through Monte Carlo simulation and 5] validation by an experiment over a 5000-user production network. Core to this Internet access management is the characterization of user demands with respect to time of day. By exploiting the empirical data and economic properties of user behavior, we model individual user’s volume of transmission as a hyperbolic function of quota. By combining a congestion-based resource allocation approach with a notation of effective bandwidth, a scheduling scheme is designed to determine the quota value for each period. Experimental results, consistent with the prediction by simulation, show that compared to QPC without quota scheduling, the heavy users’ abuse is reduced by at least 83.2% and the peak-hour congestion is improved by at least 32.2%. Therefore, the peak-hour traffic volume generated by majority of users is increased by 365.6%. The fairness is improved by at least 96.9% during peak hours. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the design methodology and the potential of the control scheme for Internet access management over free-of-charge or flat-rate networks. Moreover, our methodology is easily implemented, complementary to emerging network management tools and may cope with network environment changes.
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YU, CHIA-LING, and 游佳鈴. "A Research on Priority of Financing Decision by Ordered-logistic Regression Model." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48928411496027770398.
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碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
91
Deregulation and globalization of the global economic circumstances make enterprises in Taiwan to expend aboard dramatically. At this moment, enterprises need great amount of funds to make plans about their investment and think how to raise funds effectively. Raising Funds is especially crucial in capital intensive information technology industry. Therefore my motive to this research is to study priorities of the decision making in information technology industry. The earlier studies of capital structure failed to study deeply in financing decision and research the firms’ financing behavior of moving toward their target debt ratio. Besides, models of previous studies seldom discussed about Ordered-logistic regression model in the existence of sequence. Therefore, this research sets up two models to evaluate the financing decisions and explores more financing options. In the first model, this research uses Tobit method to establish the regression model to estimate the target debt ratio of corporations. In the second model, this research uses Ordered-logistic regression model to evaluate the financing decisions among five financing tools, including common stocks, global depositary receipts, short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities and convertible bonds issues. An analysis of the financing model finds that the corporations will adjust their capital structure to the target debt ratio. The Ordered-logistic model regression reveals that the financing order of the information technology industry is as the following: common stocks, short-term liabilities, global depositary receipt, long-term liabilities, and convertible bonds issues.
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Wang, Hsiu-yun, and 王秀云. "A Legal Research on the Mechanism of Priority Rights In Mainland China." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31002521143565929982.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
97
Scholars between two sides of Taiwan Straits cannot reach a consensus on how to define the “priority rights” from the perspective of the comparative law. In Taiwan, many civil laws use the term “priority rights”, but underlining concept of the term differs from one law to another. In narrow terms, the priority rights is priority claim or the rights of priority reward, referring to making specific creditor’s rights superior than other creditor’s rights. In broad terms, priority rights include the rights of priority purchase, the rights of priority lease, the rights of priority application, and the rights of priority passage. The priority rights in narrow terms can be further divided into agreement priority rights and legal priority rights. “Agreement hypothec” of the Article 860 of the Civil Law, and “Agreement priority rights” of the Article 884 of the Civil Law can both be defined as the Agreement priority rights. However，in mainland China, the term “priority rights” can be categorized into three views: broad term, narrow term, and narrowest term. In broad terms, priority rights include the rights of priority purchase and the rights of priority lease. In narrow terms, priority rights can be divided into agreement priority rights and legal priority rights. In narrowest terms, priority rights can only be defined as the legal priority rights. It is noted that agreement priority rights is not included. In the Draft of Chinese Property Law which was proposed by Professor Li-Ming Wang of Renmin University of China, the narrowest term is applied to define the priority rights. This usage of the term is agreed by many Chinese scholars. Accordingly, this research intends to understand the priority rights based on the narrowest term, and divides the concept of term into “general priority rights” and “special priority rights.” In the draft proposed by Professor Li-Ming Wang, French model was applied to combine priority rights and mortgage rights into vouch property law. However, in the 5th meeting of the 10th National People’s Congress of PRC, Professor Li-Ming Wang’s draft was not passed. Therefore, the concept of the priority rights is not universally agreed. Because the property rights is considered as vouch property law, it is recommended to adopt French model in order to make it consistent in the system of law and to avoid the difficulties of applying the priority rights. As a result, the concept of the priority rights can be consistent in the General Civil Law of China. Finally, based on the analyses, comparative studying, evaluation, and recommendations of this research, it is argued that mainland China’s Law system and practices can be strengthened by establishing the system of priority rights. When more and more companies invest in China, it is hoped that this research can be helpful to both academic research and business practices.
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Liu, Dagang, and 劉大綱. "The Research of Cross Straits of Patent Act related to International Priority." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90859319969813675830.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
財經法律研究所
100
This study examines the convention priority right regarding the Patent Law of Taiwan and China. The key point of the convention priority right is the statutory peremptory date for claiming a priority; thus, this study primarily focuses on this factor. This study begins with a discussion and analysis of the cause of the convention priority right before introducing the concept and international origin in detail. This paper explores the development and legislation of the convention priority right regarding the Patent Law of Taiwan and China. The methods adopted in this study differ significantly from those of similar studies because this study focuses on the convention priority right. For comparison purposes, studies on legislation history are detailed and presented with the corresponding articles. In Chapter 3, we discuss the convention priority right regulated by the Paris Convention, which is the original regulation on the priority right of patents. The constitutive requirements, types, and validities of each article are identified and analyzed individually to provide a clearer explanation. This chapter compares the provisions of the convention priority right in the Patent Law of Taiwan with that of China. To identify the disadvantages of this law and methods of improvement, this chapter analyzes the constitutive requirements, types, and validities and then compares the systems of patent convention priority rights in Taiwan and China regarding their content and validities. Because of their international status and particular cross-strait relations, the patent convention priority right has different applications in Taiwan and China. These differences are primarily caused by the varying global development of the two countries. This results in both countries having difficulty recognizing the patent convention priority rights of the other country while filing patent application to claim such rights. This issue has increased in importance recently because of greater cross-strait business cooperation. In Chapter 4 of this study, we analyze cross-strait claims of convention priority right from a global perspective and call for a reciprocal opportunity to develop convention priority rights in patent laws between Taiwan and China. Joint cross-strait developments are becoming increasingly frequent, and commercial trade between Taiwan and China has never been more substantial. Since the Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) was signed, the economic development of Taiwan and China has been deeply linked. However, the possession of patent rights is significant to market competitiveness. Therefore, an extension of the statutory date for Taiwan’s patent applicants to claim priority rights will undoubtedly influence cross-strait economic development. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify a possible method for developing complementary policy, in the form of an agreement, legislation, or case-by-case, on the statutory date of cross-strait patent convention priority right. We hope the results of this study increase the peaceful economic development between Taiwan and China. Furthermore, according to global trends and cross-strait economic development, we anticipate that the results of this study will benefit the amendment of Taiwan’s Patent Law concerning convention priority rights.
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Chu, Shao-I., and 朱紹儀. "Research on Time-of-day Internet Access Management by Quota-based Priority Control." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61428458158295196807.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
95
There exists abusive and unfair Internet access during peak hours by users of a free-of-charge or flat-rate network even under a quota-based priority control (QPC). To effectively managing the Internet access over time based on QPC, this thesis studies and analyzes two classes of schemes: time-of-day pricing (TDP) and quota scheduling (QS). TDP is an incentive control method, where users can flexibly allocate the daily quota by virtual price. QS allocates the daily quota to individual time periods to directly and forcedly limit the maximum volume usage of each user during peak hours. The TDP design takes advantage of the empirical data to characterize user demand and quota-allocation behavior with respect to time and pricing. In-depth analyses of empirical data reveal distinctive behavior patterns of myopic and prudent quota allocations over time and both patterns indicate high preference for peak-hour access. The user models adopt general utility functions and capture how pricing affects user behavior as prudent or myopic. Preference parameters of users’ utility over time are then estimated by collecting easily measurable user volumes. The TDP design problem is then formulated and solved as a Stackelberg game. Numerical results shows that the TDP design leads to significant improvements in peak-hour abuse and fairness, peak shaving and load balancing over pure QPC. The methodology of TDP requires only two simple and short-period data collections from an operational network. One is from the network with QPC; the other is from the network without quota control. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of TDP design methodology when applied to Internet access environments with frequent changes. Two QS schemes, load balancing-based quota scheduling (LB-QS) and peak shaving-based quota scheduling (PS-QS), are proposed. LB-QS intends to equalize average traffic over time by proportional quota allocation to time periods of control. There is no empirical data of traffic usage needed for the LB-QS design. PS-QS aims at reducing total traffic of peak hours by utilizing an aggregate empirical data-based user model. This model needs the measurement data collected from a network with QPC to approximate user quota allocation behavior over time. Both QS schemes are compulsive control measures. Performances of TDP and QS are evaluated and compared over the empirical data of a 5000-user network. Results demonstrate TDP significantly outperforms both LB-QS and PS-QS in regulating the Internet access over time. This is because TDP exploits user behavior modeling and pricing to induce user behavior over time, avoiding congestion at the time of quota renewal. As for calculation complexity, the TDP design needs to solve an optimization problem, while the QS design only requires simple mathematical operations. However, the CPU time for TDP calculation takes about 1 minute. Recommendations are given for selecting an effective Internet access scheme based on data availability and traffic pattern over time. We further study how to manage the user traffic over a profitable and multi-service network by designing pricing and bandwidth allocation at the same time. Although pricing and bandwidth allocation of individual services are two important and coupled resource management functions, they are treated separately in most of the literature. In this thesis, we design for a service provider an integrated pricing and bandwidth allocation (IPBA) scheme for a popular network service, where each user is guaranteed with a minimum bandwidth for transmission according to the service class subscribed. Revenue maximization of service provisioning is the service provider’s objective. The design problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. It adopts an empirical user demand model, where a user’s usage time for a service class is a function of prices. Constrained by the total bandwidth limitation, the revenue-maximizing price design induces user demands for individual classes, which in turn determines an optimal allocation of bandwidth. Analyses of the IPBA solution demonstrate that the price increases with traffic intensity while the bandwidth allocation is insensitive to the variation. Results also reveal that when users’ demand for a class is relatively sensitive to the price of other class. Over the same network capacity, the total revenue of offering more than one service classes is higher than that of offering only single service class.
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Chu, Shao-I. "Research on Time-of-day Internet Access Management by Quota-based Priority Control." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1007200711363700.
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Haankuku, Choolwe. "A retrospective analysis and priority setting exercise of investments in agricultural research in Zambia." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27326.
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In 2003 national heads of African states, including Zambia, met in Maputo and pledged to increase financial resources to the agriculture sector, up to 10 % of their national budgets, in order to meet growth targets. Given the need to increase investments in agriculture, it follows that impact assessment studies have become handy as funding agencies demand better accountability and empirical justification for further investment. However, experts have reasoned that the quantity of resources is as important as the quality of spending in that, if resources are allocated efficiently, more could be achieved with the same level of resources. The lack of an effective strategy and basis upon which investments in agriculture crop research ought to be prioritised in order to improve agricultural productivity is the main concern in Zambia. This study sought to illustrate the use of the Dynamic Research Evaluation for Management (DREAM) model to assess the economic returns of investing in agriculture technologies and to set priorities for crop-based research activities in Zambia. The study hypothesised that the financial outlay allocated to agricultural crop research is not efficiently allocated so as to achieve the nation’s agricultural production potential, and that agricultural crop research investment influences the distribution of welfare effects on producers and consumers. The DREAM model is conceptually based on the economic surplus theory and is designed for research priority setting and ex ante evaluations. It computes the net present value (NPV) of benefits for both producers and consumers as a result of investing in agriculture technology. The findings from this study reveal that investment in agriculture crop research in Zambia is worthwhile as positive net present values were obtained for all crops under consideration in this study. Maize research gives the highest return to both large-scale and smallholder producers. Maize also yielded the highest returns for consumers in Zambia. In order of priority, maize is followed by soya bean, groundnuts, cotton, millet, sunflower and sorghum. In spite of this, the order of priority in terms of financial expenditure on crop research is maize, cotton, sorghum, soya bean, groundnuts, sunflower and millet. Therefore, the allocation of financial resources towards crop research is not efficient for all crops except maize since some crops such as sorghum receiving high financial expenditure in research did not necessarily generate high returns. This is because the Government still conducts the bulk of research in Zambia, and as such, other social objectives such as equity and food security considerations play a major role in determining investment patterns. The study further establishes that the choice of crop research expenditure influences the distribution of welfare benefits on different producer groups; and that smallholder farmers in Central, Eastern and Southern province are among the group that received the highest proportion of benefits even for crops such as maize for which financial resources were efficiently allocated. Therefore, the efficiency objective may not necessarily leave smallholder farmers worse off as long as they have access to complementary infrastructure and institutions for agriculture production and marketing. As such the study recommends that the Government, private sector and other development partners must focus on raising agriculture productivity by expanding investments in crop science-based technologies; and also recommends re-allocation of financial resources between crops in favour of crops with high returns because this benefits both large scale and smallholder farmers. This must be accompanied by further investment in complementary infrastructure and good governance. CopyrightDissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted
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Hsiou, Yih Jy, and 蕭逸之. "The Priority Sequence between Rationalization and Computerization in Small Businesses : A Case Study Research." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38617382036730917932.
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TANG, BEN-YOU, and 湯炳又. "Research on the Conservation Mechanism of Cultural Heritage based on the Value Priority Concept." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66362269200274443838.
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碩士中國科技大學
建築研究所
102
Value priorities in the international arena, is the world cultural heritage preservation objectives for basic consensus in Taiwan since 1971 on May 26 issued a "Cultural Heritage Preservation Law," laid the country for the preservation of cultural assets and deal with the basic policy objectives. However, with the changing needs of the international situation and the trend of flooding, "Cultural Heritage Preservation Law" constantly amendments, has also issued a number of related sub-law, as the country's cultural heritage, providing a perfect preservation mechanism. To activate cultural assets, the development of the original and added value. December 94 issued a
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Vanderlan, Michael David. "ANALYZING SUPERCOMPUTER UTILIZATION UNDER QUEUING WITH A PRIORITY FORMULA AND A STRICT BACKFILL POLICY." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/916.
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Supercomputers have become increasingly important in recent years due to the growing amount of data available and the increasing demand for quicker results in the scientific community. Since supercomputers carry a high cost to build and maintain, efficiency becomes more important to the owners, administrators, and users of these supercomputers. One important factor in determining the efficiency of a supercomputer is the scheduling of jobs that are submitted by users of the system. Previous work has dealt with optimizing the schedule on the system’s end while the users are blinded from the process. The work presented in this thesis investigates a scheduling system that is implemented at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) supercomputer Kraken with a backfilling policy and attempts to outline the optimal methods from the user’s point of view in the scheduling system, along with using a simulation approach to optimize the priority formula. Normally the user has no idea which scheduling algorithms are used, but the users at ORNL not only know how the scheduling works but they can also view the current activity of the system. This gives an advantage to the users who are willing to benefit from this knowledge by utilizing some elementary game theory to optimize their strategies. The results will show a benefit to both the users, since they will be able to process their jobs sooner, and the system, since it will better utilized with little expense to the administrators, through competition.
Queuing models and simulation have been well studied in almost all relevant aspects of the modern world. Higher efficiency is the goal of many researchers in several different fields; the supercomputer queues are no different. Efficient use of the resources makes the system administrator pleased while benefiting the users with more timely results. Studying these queuing models through simulation should help all parties involved by increasing utilization. The simulation will be validated and the utilization improvement will be measured and reported. User defined formulas will be developed for future users to help maximize utilization and minimize wait times.
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Williamson, Aaron. "Using formative research to focus and evaluate information and education activities in priority watershed projects." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33020463.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-30).
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LEE, PO-I., and 李柏毅. "The Research of Priority Assignment for H.264/AVC Video Transmission in IEEE 802.16 Networks." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28005976267856811523.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士班
95
With the fast progress of the wireless networking technique and the extension of its application, lots of real-time services in addition to the transmission and downloading applications start to use the wireless network transmission. Those applications include video telephony, video conferencing, digital TV, streaming media application, etc, which should be considered with the trade-off between the real time and the image quality under the limited bandwidth. According to such demands, more and more novel techniques are proposed. There are five levels of transmission mechanism in IEEE 802.16-2005, including Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS), extended real time Polling-Variable Rate Service (ert-VR), real time Polling-Variable Rate Service (rt-VR), non real time Polling-Variable Rate Service (nrt-VR), and Best Effort (BE). With the presentation of these five service levels, the data will be transmitted according to corresponding levels, and will be more suitable in wireless transmission. This paper use H.264/AVC video transmission, which defines a set of three Profiles. Applications of the Baseline Profile include video telephony, video conferencing; applications of the Main Profile include television broadcasting and video storage; and the Extended Profile may be particularly useful for streaming media applications. H.264 proposes the idea of Network Abstraction Layer (NAL). The output of the encoding process of VCL data will be packeted into NAL units. The NAL will give the NAL units corresponding header information according the contents of the units. This main research is to make the data of VCL transmit in network better by the parameters of NAL headers. According to the designed levels, the real-time multimedia information will be assigned with the priority of the ranking before transmission, and then transmitted in RT-VR of IEEE 802.16-2005. In the circumstance with the finite bandwidth in wireless network, we try the best to assign the bandwidth to the transmission of data with higher priority for transmission ranking. We simulate the situations of the data in all ranks under different loss rate.
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Su, Wei-Ping, and 蘇偉萍. "A Research of the Implementation of Educational Priority Areas Plan for Elementary Schools in Hualien County." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61920948471819593686.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
教育研究所
97
This study is aimed at understanding the conditions under which Educational Priority Areas Plan for elementary schools in Hualien County was carried out and discussing the appropriateness of indicator, the satisfaction of item subsidization, and the benefit and problems while implementing. Questionnaire was given as the main instrument, and document analysis was considered as an auxiliary one. All participants were principals and undertakers who worked in the EPA elementary schools in Hualien County. 148 questionnaires in total were included in the final analysis. The conclusions of this study are described as follows: (1) Most of the elementary schools in Hualien County had high percentage of aboriginal students and students with low-income households, interval generation, single parent, age discrepancy between parents and children, children with foreign parents; (2) Indicators were appropriate for schools with problems in education; (3) The most subsidies went to promotion of Parental Education; (4) Significant differences were found among the schools of high rate aboriginal students ; (5) No significant differences were found when different context answers in subsidy improve educational problems. There were problems during the implementation process: (1) Promoting Parental Education: the target parents showed little inclination to participate; (2) Subsidizing the project of academic counseling for aboriginal students and students who lived in remote areas: the counseling hours were too many or not enough; (3) Subsidizing the project of developing special characteristics of education: the lack of budget; (4) Repairing dormitories for teachers and students in remote or far areas: the circulating rate of teachers could not be reduced; (5) Enhancing the basic teaching equipment at schools: the lack of budget and stringent application requirements; (6) Developing cultural characteristics of aboriginal education and reinforcing facilities: teachers without required expertise; (7) Subsidizing the project of school buses for poor transportation areas: increasing workload for school faculty. Finally, suggestions are proposed as follows: (1) Providing aboriginal students or outstanding students from remote areas with government funds; (2) Unifying the schools and the regional employment service centers; (3) Unifying similar projects to avoid resource wasting; (4) Establishing web pages and a database system for Educational Priority Areas Plan; (5) Raising funds and implementing school-based financial management; (6) Making regional indicators on the basis of schools from different areas; (7) Enhancing popularizing and promoting concepts of Educational Priority Areas Plan; (8) Implementing the evaluation system on the basis of effects and duties continuously.
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Huang, Nien-Hung, and 黃年宏. "An Action Research on Applying Information Technology to Assist with Selecting and Filling in Priority Departments of the University." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25063240450055881048.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
資訊教育研究所
94
An Action Research on Applying Information Technology to Assist with Selecting and Filling in Priority Departments of the University Abstract With the fast-growing development of the information technology, this research aims to build websites, make discs , and manipulate long-distance visual materials to assist students in senior high schools to select and fill in their priority departments of the university. Simultaneously, all these are integrated with internet interactive tools, such as bulletin board, discussion area, e-mail, cyber calls, and other cyber visual aids, which enables the researcher to help students in the process of choosing their priority departments. This research adopts action research and the subjects are 12th graders who participated the college entrance examination in July at the researcher’s school. To explore the research more deeply (achieve the validity), this research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Also, the sampling data are collected widely so as to present the complete and true contexts of selecting and filling in priority departments and to investigate the real effects of these websites. Other research methods are used, such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and teaching diaries to achieve higher validity of this research. The research is operated on the system of Microsoft Windows 2000 Server and IIS5.0 Web Server. Meanwhile, ASP and Java Script are adopted to widen the system functions. FrontPage 2002 is the main software for website and program code and the framework of the data base is built by using Access 2000. By offering these assistant websites, this research finds out firstly that providing faster and more convenient access to the information for students when they select and fill in their priority departments not only upgrades students’ interests to learn, but enhances the interaction between teachers and students; secondly due to the better efficiency, teachers have more time to talk to their students individually if compared with the utilization of the traditional ways. In addition, this research attempts firstly to find the operation models to seek appropriate teachers to help students select and fill in their priority departments through building and managing their own network consultation websites and secondly to provide students with a totally different way when selecting and filling in their priority departments so as to enhance the effects of their consultation. At last, with the increasing expansion of the relevant consultation websites, the researcher not only gets more career profession, but also by sharing information provides other consultants with more reference resources to help students when selecting and filling in their preference departments.
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TZU, KAO, and 高子展. "The research of criminal responsibility in fair-trade law─centered on the norms of priority of administration to justice." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77241893859687218467.
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Gierend, Albert Johannes [Verfasser]. "Integration of risk and multiple objectives in priority setting for agricultural research : the case of the national dairy research program in Kenya / von Albert Johannes Gierend." 1999. http://d-nb.info/957731450/34.
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Ming-Tsun, Lee, and 李明村. "The Research for the Condition of the Educational Priority Areas Plan in the Elementary and Junior High Schools of Kaoshiung County." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68145031949282757866.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
工業科技教育學系
92
The Research for the Condition of the Educational Priority Areas Plan in the Elementary and Junior High Schools of Kaoshiung County Abstract This study aims to explore the current status, problems and effects of implementing the Educational Priority Area Plan in elementary and junior high schools, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, as a reference for educational administration institutions and schools to carry out the Educational Priority Area Plan in the future. In order to achieve its purpose, this study methodologically adopts questionnaire survey in whole. The participants, three in each school, are principals, directors and teachers of executing the plan in 125 elementary and junior high schools that receive the subsidy of the Educational Priority Area Plan from the Educational Bureau of Kaohsiung County Government in 2003. 373 questionnaires are distributed and 359 ones are collected. The valid questionnaire percentage is 97.55%. The statistical methods of frequency distribution, percentile, t-test, and one-way ANOVA are employed for data processing. The study makes some conclusions according to its findings and then submits some suggestions. The main conclusions of the study are as the following: 1. The small remote schools have higher opportunity to apply for the subsidy from the Educational Priority Area Plan. 2. The schools receiving the subsidy may be reduced in original plan expense, especially in the items of hardware subsidy. 3. The procedure of approving subsidy is too slow to influence the execution and efficiency in schools. 4. Among the subsided items of the Educational Priority Area Plan for improving regional educational problems and enhancing educational quality, helping schools that are in the regions of lack of cultural resources to develop their educational features is the most effective item. 5. Among the subsided items of the Educational Priority Area Plan, many items are considered good for improving the educational quality of schools that have higher ratio of students who live in interval generation, single parent, or foreign parent families. 6. When subsided schools administer the subsidy of Educational Priority Area Plan, they consider that the most difficult problems the schools encounter are the insufficient subsidy and too much limitation in using the subsidy. The main suggestions of the study are as the following: 1. Educational Priority Area Plan should be carried out continuously and subsided items should not be deleted after they are announced. 2. The administrative procedure of operation and the approval of subsidy should meet the school schedule. 3. It should add a new index for general schools so that the outer urban schools can apply for the Educational Priority Area Plan to improve educational problems and enhance educational quality. 4. Government should loose the limitations for the use of subsidy and content of activities. 5. Government should adopt the system of special subsidy. Key words: educational priority areas plan、positive discrimination、social justice、vertical fair.
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Yu, Huang Yun, and 黃韻瑜. "Research on Grandparent Education--Based on a Sample Taken from the 3 Elementary Schools Designated within the Education Priority Area of Chiayi County." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30377949332082094388.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
人類發展與家庭學系
95
This research aims to gain insight into the parenting of grandfamilies, analyze the impact of grandparenting on grandchildren and grandparents, and to understand schools' progress on promoting grandparent education, as well as the participation and responses of grandparents. We conducted semi-structured interviews on research subjects each attending 1 of the 3 elementary schools currently designated within the Education Priority Area of Chiayi County. We were able to obtain 15 valid observations including the Director of Guidance, teachers, and grandparents of grandfamilies by means of convenience sampling. Data collecting tools used included the interview agreement and the semi-structured interview format. We discovered that: grandparents of grandfamilies take better care of grandchildren in daily living than in academic performance; indulgence, reasoning, encouragement and support, and discipline were all common ways of parenting. The difference in educational backgrounds, limited resources, or generation gaps which contributed to the inability of grandparents of grandfamilies to offer academic assistance to grandchildren, or the limited support for grandchildren arising from incompleteness in family structures resulting in restrained or distorted character development may be problems that exist within grandfamilies. The impacts of grandparenting on grandparents were mainly of economical, physical, psychological, and social aspects. Under constrained sources of income, grandparents often take the view "being grateful for what you have and cut back on spending", "lower your pride and ask for help". When physical health is being threatened, grandparents either "actively resolve" or "passively ignore". When encountering psychological imbalances, grandparents seek for religious support to ease their emotions and pressure. When facing the likelihood that parenting may interfere with their social activities, grandparents choose to “reschedule their social activities to suit grandchildren’s lifestyles”. As for grandchildren, impacts were mainly on educational, psychological, and social aspects. Even though grandparents and grandchildren of grandfamilies are impacted by the generation gap, the elderly and the youngsters still take care of each other; this is the most precious asset as well as the advantage grandfamilies possess. In real practice, “establishing workshop conferences or support groups for parents”, “providing the necessary information and service based on the needs of individual parents”, and “providing services that help youngsters grow and learn” can serve as enhancements and assistance on various aspects of grandparent education. Further more, these three programs are also consistent with the three objectives: “parenting education”, “case by case family guidance”, and “supplementary studies after school” currently assigned to the Education Priority Area. As for the participation of the above three parenting education programs by grandfamilies, grandparents were reluctant towards “establishing workshop conferences or support groups for parents” but favor the more active program of “providing the necessary information and services based on the needs of individual parents”; while the program “providing services that help youngsters grow and learn” which complements grandparents’ parenting of grandchildren was highly participated in by grandchildren of grandfamilies. Finally, practical advice is given based on the conclusion of this research, which shall serve as a guide to establish a joint responsibility parenting pattern for grandparent education.
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Cai, Hui-Ru, and 蔡惠如. "An Action Research on the Application of Concept Mapping toImprove English Reading Comprehension Ability for Junior HighSchool Students in Educational Priority Area Project." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90186949833908746489.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
教育研究所
100
This study is an action research on the application of concept mapping to improve English reading comprehension ability. It was assessed the effectiveness by utilizing the reading curriculum infusing concept mapping. The purposes of this study is promote junior high school students in educational priority area project who implemented concept mapping into the English reading instruction, also took an action research on curriculum development and did some reflection through action research. The object of the study is 21 students in the first grade of junior high school through the instructions of Concept Mapping Teaching on reading curriculum within 20 weeks. The origin of textbook is the fifteen units of Han Lin Publishing Co., Ltd and Festivals around the world of Oxford University Press. Conclusions： 1. Concept mapping teaching model should be processed in proper sequences including the readability level and students’familiarization of the topics and fifty words text that is good for learning motivation in junior high school students in educational priority area project. 2. Students’ difficulties in Concept mapping were their insufficient vocabulary and weren’t identify the lower level of the text structure. They were lack of cultural stimulation that made a great impact on reading comprehension. Vocabularies mastery training was needed. Concept changing of the students with low achievement was notably influences by their classmates.This study show that small-group discussion can be a good way to find out their wrong concept in the light of others and then amend their thought in the small group discussion. 3. Concept mapping is helpful for students on getting key points, summary and detailed exposition.It can also improve students’ ability on literal comprehension and inferential comprehension. 4. Teaching skills continusously improve through the action research. Concept mapping strategy could continuously embed in the regular reading classes for a long-term effect.Teachers can expand the scope of the research to other grades to study students’ performance with different instructors.
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Ciou, Siang-Ni, and 邱湘妮. "The Research of Implementation of the Educational Priority Areas Project and the Identification Degree and Satisfaction of its Implementation in the Remote Elementary Schools." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55083805014248982081.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
教育行政與政策發展研究所
98
The purpose of this thesis was to examine implementation of the Educational Priority Areas Project and the identification degree and satisfaction of its the implementation. The sample for the questionnaire survey was determined Stratified Random Sampling. This study paper has nine unique features. First, in identification degree of education priority areas project, school sizes of “6 or less classes” and “7 ~ 12” classes of educational personnel are higher than “13 ~ 18” classes. Second, when the schools are frequently subsided by the government, the educational personnels are more satisfied. Third, there are different identifications among the educational personnels with different experience and different subvention. Forth, the educational personnels of schools in the north are more closed than the schools in the south. Fifth, after Educational Priority Areas Project, school sizes of “6 or less classes” and “7 ~ 12” classes of educational personnel are higher than “13 ~ 18” classes. Sixth, the educational personnels with the more experiences are more satisfied than those with less experiences. Seventh, opinions are different for those with different subvention. Eighth, the educational personnels with different school areas, sizes and subventions are with different extents of satisfaction. Ninth, the educational personnels with different Personal backgrounds are with same extents of satisfaction. Finally, suggestions for the education organization, school and the future research to are made.
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KUO, YU-JU, and 郭育如. "The Research of Implementation of the Educational Priority Areas Project and the Identification Degree and Satisfaction of its Implementation in Elementary Schools of Chia Yi County." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17389349984494815820.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
教育經營與管理學系
104
The study aims to examine implementation, satisfaction and identification degree of Educational Priority Areas Project processed in Chia Yi County. According to the statistic, 10 unique features are founded as below: I. Educators in Chia Yi County highly recognized indicators, and Subsidy items of EPA project. II. Educators in Chia Yi County are not satisfied with the reduction of Urban-rural gap after EPA project proceed. III. Educators in Chia Yi County satisfied operation procedure of EPA project. IV. Educators with different background will not affect their identity of indicators, and Subsidy items of EPA project. V. Educators in different school size have different identity degree of the reduction of Urban-rural gap after EPA project proceed. VI. Subsidy amount affect the identity degree of the reduction of Urban-rural gap after EPA project proceed. VII. Continually subside hardware equipment is benefit to reduce Urban-rural gap. VIII. Educators’ occupations affect their satisfaction of operation procedure of EPA project. IX. Experience of undertaking EPA project affect educators’ satisfaction of EPA project. X. Frequency of accepting subsidy affects educators’ satisfaction of operation procedure of EPA project. According to the results, suggestions for the education organization, school and the future research to follow up are given.
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Rokni, Sima. "Optimization of industrial shop scheduling using simulation and fuzzy logic." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/962.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on June 22, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Construction Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
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Engelbrecht, Gerhard Nieuwoudt. "On quantifying miltary strategy." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1527.
Full textAbstract:
Military Strategy is defined as a plan at the military strategic level of war that consists of a set of military strategic ends, ways and means
and the relationships between them. This definition leads to the following research questions:
1. How can the extent of the many-to-many relationships that exist between a military strategy, its ends, ways and means be quantified?
2. If the relationships between a military strategy, its ends, ways and means are quantified and if the effectiveness of the force design elements is known, how shall that enable the
quantification of the state’s ability to execute its military strategy?
3. If the relationships between a military strategy, its ends, ways and means are quantified and if the effectiveness of the force design elements is known, how will it aid decision-making about the acquisition of the future force design?
The first research question is answered by mapping a military strategy complete with its ends, ways and means to a ranked tree where the
entities in the strategy corresponds with the vertices of different rank in the tree. The tree representation is used to define and determine
the contribution of entities in a military strategy to entities at the next higher level. It is explained how analytical, heuristic and judgement methods can be employed to find the relative and real contribution values. Also, a military strategy for South Africa is developed to
demonstrate the concept.
The second research question is answered by developing measures of effectiveness taking the interdependence of entities at the terminal
vertices of the ranked tree into account. Thereafter, the degree to which the force design would support the higher order entities inclusive of a military strategy could be calculated.
The third research question is answered by developing a cost-benefit analysis method and a distance indicator from an optimal point to aid
in deciding between supplier options for acquisition. Thereafter the knapsack problem is amended to allow for scheduling acquisition
projects whilst optimising the force design's support of a military strategy.
Finally, the model is validated and put into a contextual framework for use in the military.Quantitative management
D.Phil.
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Voglová, Daniela. "Diskuse priorit výzkumu socioekonomických determinant obezity." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307481.
Full textAbstract:
This work follows the studies focused on obesity, its global extent and its serious health and economic impact. At the same time, the work examines the unsuccessful fight of public policies which try to reverse growing prevalence of obesity. Nevertheless, the main goal of the thesis is a discussion about priorities of new orientation in the research on the causes of the obesity epidemic and effectiveness of precautions that were taken in many countries and international organizations with the main aim to stop the obesity and its consequences. The discussion leads to the more detailed description of the problems connected with obesity, for instance, environmental aspects, housing culture in relation to physical activities, lifestyle in relation to advertisement/marketing, psychological and socio- psychological aspects, combating stress, etc. My intention was to find out utility of contemporary research on obesity for setting of policy fighting against obesity. At the same time, I wanted to find out other possible directions in the research into this field and discover how the discussion about priorities of the research in the experimental community proceeds. Two international dimensions of paradigmatic approaches separated to the certain degree can be considered as relevant with regard to the global...