Journal articles: 'Research Methods – Law'

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Russi, Luigi. "Research methods in environmental law: a handbook." Griffith Law Review 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2019.1677281.

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Wagenaar, Alexander C., and Scott Burris. "Public Health Law Research: Theory and Methods." Journal of Nursing Regulation 4, no. 4 (January 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(15)30116-2.

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Palys, Ted, and John Lowman. "1. Anticipating Law: Research Methods, Ethics, and the Law of Privilege." Sociological Methodology 32, no. 1 (August 2002): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9531.00107.

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Our ethical obligation to protect the research confidentiality of individual participants is challenged when third parties use subpoenas in the context of criminal proceedings and civil litigation in an effort to order the production of confidential information. This paper discusses strategies researchers may employ in order to maximize their legal ability to maintain confidentiality in spite of those challenges. Use of existing statutory protections is the first choice, but these are available for only a subset of research related to health and criminal justice issues. In situations where statutory protections are not available, the Wigmore criteria may act as a guide for the design of research that maximizes researchers' ability to protect research participants by advancing a case-by-case claim for researcher-participant privilege. We discuss the legal basis for this conclusion and outline procedures that may be used to further strengthen confidentiality protections.

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Baikovs, Aleksandrs. "METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 93 (December 14, 2022): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i93.6944.

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The article reveals the content of the category "methodology", the general philosophical and methodological principles of cognition, which are usually defined by the term "philosophical foundations of science"; tasks in the development of general scientific, conceptual problems, conceptual and categorical apparatus, which are concretized by the relevant legal sciences.The article is dedicated to the study of cognitive methods, research in law, incl. In the civil law. It examines the principles of humanities methodology, the system of scientific knowledge methods, its structure, the elements of which are: (1) general (philosophical) method; (2) general scientific methods; (3) interdisciplinary methods; (4) methods of individual legal disciplines, the essence of which is determined, first of all, by the subject of research, the degree of generality of the tasks to be solved. Among recent general cognitive methods, such methods as: synergistic, systemic-dialectical, system approach method, deterministic method are often mentioned.Levels of cognition are characterized, the main criteria for their differences (theoretical and empirical cognition) are: (1) the nature of the research subject; 2) type of research tools used; (3) features of the method, as well as the interaction of the acquired knowledge and its conceptual interpretation, explaining the genesis and interaction of the acquired knowledge, its conceptual interpretation.The aim of the study is to analyze the opinions expressed about the concepts, nature, structure and meaning of cognitive (research) methods: law, the nature of general law and the features of sectoral methods in creating the structure of law in general, their systematization, as well as the nature and structure of the method of legal regulation of civil rights.The object of research is the concept, essence, structure, role and meaning of cognitive (research) methods.The tasks of the research are determined by its purpose, and they consist of the identification of the theoretical approaches of law, their nature, structure, and legal knowledge (research) methods.The article highlights the main aspects characteristic of any cognitive method: (1) objective-content; (2) operative; (3) praxeological aspect.Attention is drawn to the fact that nowadays, in addition to the materialistic dialectic, the idealistic dialectic can certainly be used in scientific research.

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Stone, Geoffrey R. "Discussion: Above the Law—Research Methods, Ethics, and the Law of Privilege." Sociological Methodology 32, no. 1 (August 2002): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9531.00108.

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Deakin, Simon. "The Use of Quantitative Methods in Labour Law Research." Social & Legal Studies 27, no. 4 (March 8, 2018): 456–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663918760385.

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This article considers the potential and limits of quantitative approaches to labour law research. It explores the methods used to construct and validate indicators of labour regulation (‘leximetrics’) and those used in the econometric analysis of the effects of labour law rules on employment, productivity and inequality. It is argued that while there is a risk of the misuse and misappropriation of legal indicators, they can provide new evidence on the nature and effects of labour law rules, and thereby contribute to labour law theory as well as to the resolution of some practical issues of regulatory policy.

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Dent, Chris. "A Law Student-Oriented Taxonomy for Research in Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4748.

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Research methods in law are gaining much more attention than they used to. However, there have been few attempts to discuss the relationships between the different methods or to provide a theoretical basis for a taxonomy of the methods used in law. This article attempts to perform such a task. The taxonomy presented here is based on two foundations. The first is the understanding of research materials in terms of bodies of knowledge. The second is the separation of the researcher from the materials used (the method), with the constitution of the researcher being the source of two further dimensions of legal research. Those dimensions are the "approach" and the "purpose" of the research. Three methods (doctrinal, socio-legal and critical), three approaches (historical, comparative and empirical) and two purposes (descriptive and normative) are defined here with examples given of each. The goal is to lay out a straightforward description of the types of work that are caught under the umbrella of "legal research" so that students can reflect on the impact of their choices on their research. In turn, this enhanced understanding of the underlying dimensions of research should facilitate more effective research by law students.

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Parks, Louisa, and Elisa Morgera. "Research Note: Reflections on Methods from an Interdisciplinary Research Project in Global Environmental Law." Transnational Environmental Law 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204710251900027x.

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AbstractThis research note reflects on the methods (as distinct from methodology) used in a five-year interdisciplinary and multi-site research project in global environmental law, and their links to questions of research ethics. We highlight the iterative processes that proved necessary to compare five case studies on local communities engaged in varied discussions on fair and equitable benefit sharing in different regions of the world and their implications for international environmental law. The note recommends explicit reflection on research methods and ethics to acknowledge and address power relationships in global environmental law research.

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Reinhard, Daniel. "Research Methods in the Social and Health Sciences: Making Research Decisions." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 32, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2021.1909088.

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Steury, Ellen H. "Book Review: Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods." Criminal Justice Review 14, no. 2 (September 1989): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401688901400230.

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Anleu, Sharyn Roach. "Conducting Law and Society Research: Reflections on Methods and Practices." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 1 (January 2011): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110391764r.

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Xu, Lian Hu, Yi Bao Yuan, and Wei Ying Piao. "Research on Realization Methods of Gaussian System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.104.

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The approximate realization methods of system with Gaussian characteristics for inductive micro-displacement sensors were studied in this paper. It was assumed that the sensors used were the first-order systems, for such sensors, it was first proved that cascaded systems formed by an infinite number of first-order systems, its characteristics will infinitely approximate to be those of the Gaussian system. In other words, the cascaded system of a finite number of the first-order systems which have the same characteristics is a Gaussian approximation system. This law can also be applied to the second-order systems, and to the first-order and second-order mixed systems. Theoretical analysis shows that the maximum deviation of Gaussian approximation that 16 cascaded first-order systems is 1.4%, and the maximum deviation of the Gaussian approximation that 16 cascaded second-order systems is 0.1%. This law provided a theoretical guidance for the design of the Gaussian system, which makes the application of the Gaussian system for the geometric multi-probe measurement system to be easy and possible.

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Wang, John Z. "Book Review: Research Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398620201800109.

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McSkimming, Michael J., Brion Sever, and Ryan S. King. "The coverage of ethics in research methods textbooks." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 11, no. 1 (March 2000): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511250000084751.

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Frankenreiter, Jens, and Michael A. Livermore. "Computational Methods in Legal Analysis." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 16, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-052720-121843.

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The digitization of legal texts and advances in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, text mining, network analysis, and machine learning have led to new forms of legal analysis by lawyers and law scholars. This article provides an overview of how computational methods are affecting research across the varied landscape of legal scholarship, from the interpretation of legal texts to the quantitative estimation of causal factors that shape the law. As computational tools continue to penetrate legal scholarship, they allow scholars to gain traction on traditional research questions and may engender entirely new research programs. Already, computational methods have facilitated important contributions in a diverse array of law-related research areas. As these tools continue to advance, and law scholars become more familiar with their potential applications, the impact of computational methods is likely to continue to grow.

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Zhou, Xue Song, Yi Qi Liu, You Jie Ma, and Si Jia Liu. "The Optimal Switched Law Methods Analysis and Research on Switched Linear Systems." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1286.

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The stable linear switched systems will converge to the balance Point. If different switched laws be chosen, the convergence Process will not be the same, so there is an optimal switched law. The issues of optimal switched law based on norm, convergence radius, convergence distance and convergence direction are respectively studied, and the optimal switched law is confirmed by solution of matrix equation. All kinds of instance have been considered synthetically, the synthetic optimal switched law is given, by which an optimal status of system in convergence process is reflected roundly. By calculate and simulation of practice examples and the using process of stability criterion is realized distinctly.

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Hoffman, M. "International economic law and the Internet: content, quality and research methods." Journal of International Economic Law 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/4.1.231.

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Phuong, Nguyen Thi Bich. "Research methods and measures to avoid double taxing law of Vietnam." International Journal of Research in Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26175754.2022.v5.i2b.166.

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Sharpe, Gilly. "Sociological stalking? Methods, ethics and power in longitudinal criminological research." Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, no. 3 (September 14, 2016): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816669214.

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Scholarship on criminal careers and desistance from crime employing longitudinal methodologies has paid scant attention to sociological and anthropological debates regarding epistemology, reflexivity and researcher positionality. This is surprising in light of a recent phenomenological turn in desistance research wherein (former) lawbreakers’ identity, reflexivity and self-understanding have become central preoccupations. In this article I interrogate aspects of the methodological ‘underside’ of qualitative longitudinal research with criminalized women through an examination of the surveillant position of the researcher. Focusing on methods, ethics and power, I examine some contradictions of feminist concerns to ‘give women voice’ in research involving re-tracing an over-surveilled and highly stigmatized population. I reflect on the effects of researcher positionality through a conceptualization of re-tracing methods as, at worst, a form of sociological stalking.

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Wright, Richard. "Book Review: Extreme Methods: Innovative Approaches to Social Science Research." Criminal Justice Review 27, no. 1 (May 2002): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680202700120.

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Withrow, Brian L. "A pragmatic method for teaching and assessing research methods." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 13, no. 1 (March 2002): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511250200085381.

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Bodapati, Madhava R. "Research methods books for criminal justice: Few yet diverse." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 8, no. 1 (March 1997): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259700083991.

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Byers, Bryan. "Teaching about judgments of crime seriousness in research methods." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 10, no. 2 (November 1999): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259900084651.

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Voronin, V. N. "Sociology of Criminal Law: Methods of Studying Public Opinion and their Interpretation in Criminal Law Research." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 10 (January 8, 2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.98.10.028-036.

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The article presents a special methodology of the sociology of criminal law aimed at establishing the parameters of public perception of the justice of punishments imposed by courts. It is generally believed that we are facing a crisis of excessive criminalization: our criminal law has become chaotic, unprincipled and overly expansive, while attempts to make criminal law orderly, principled and restrained are being made in almost every criminal law study, but the significance of these attempts for lawmaking today is negligible. The traditional direction of criminal policy research rests on the absence of a concept of reforming the criminal law; the latest theoretical models of such concepts were also not in demand by the legislator. It can be concluded that the main concept of modern state policy is precisely the absence of such a concept. The study of public knowledge showed that the public knows little about crime, as well as about the system of responding to it, including statistics: crime rate, recidivism rate and average sentences.

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Cattafi, Carmelo. "Teaching Methods In International Law." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v14i2.10238.

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This research presents the effect of innovation in the educational methodology applied to the teaching of topics in different areas, especially in public international law, trying to demonstrate how learning can be stimulated through artistic awareness. When comparing the different generations of students, we wonder if it is possible for teachers to follow the step of digital natives. In order to fill this generation gap, Tecnológico de Monterrey proposed to support projects of experimentation in educational innovation in various topics related to improving the teaching-learning process. Based on this premise, a group of teachers generate a model of educational innovation training, to facilitate learning for students through the development of creativity in how, when and where to generate learning, integrating challenging and interactive experiences through activities within the teaching practice. The use of traditional methods has led to the overwhelm of teachers, fatigue and pressure, therefore, the contribution of this project is aimed at the teacher to internalize his innovative and creative work, and see himself as a leader transformative in its teaching practice, establishing new teaching-learning spaces. Implementing learning activities through the imagination and measuring the impact on the student of the use of creative activities allows us to improve what we currently do. For this, an interdisciplinary workshop was created (thought and word, mind and body, music, visual arts) where the teacher, through practical and experiential activities, stimulates his imagination, recognizes his talents in creative and innovative thinking and develops resources which then leads to their teaching practice, by designing challenging learning experiences that inspire the student to creatively solve tasks and projects. In order to carry out the objective, we gathered eight professors from different areas (law, international relations, political science, languages, architecture, art, cultural diffusion) convinced that creativity improves the teacher’s performance who rethinks its activities to allow learn more dynamically. It was sought to improve the performance of students who appreciated the approach to the subjects through didactic methods that the teacher had modified according to the passions observed outside the classroom.

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Knudsen, Holger. "Building a Foreign Law Collection: Methods and strategies." Legal Information Management 1, no. 3 (2001): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600000530.

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My Institute is part of, and funded by, the Max Planck Society, which roughly corresponds to an Academy of Science in other countries. The Society runs 80 research institutes today, out of which 12 conduct research in the humanities, including six institutes that deal with legal questions on a superior level, including mine. The different institutes are located in different parts of the country, and this very much corresponds to the federalist foundations of the German state.

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Thompson, Tim. "Research methods in human skeletal biology." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 20, no. 5 (July 2013): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.001.

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Garbarino, Carlo. "An Evolutionary Approach to Comparative Taxation: Methods and Agenda for Research." American Journal of Comparative Law 57, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 677–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5131/ajcl.2008.0019.

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Langdale, G. W. "Soil Erosion Research Methods." Journal of Environmental Quality 18, no. 2 (April 1989): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800020022x.

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Yun, Yong Feng, and De Lun Wu. "Research on Elastic Resistance Calculation Methods of Curved Wall Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1575.

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Analyze the role of tunnel lining structure calculation for the elastic resistance, and point out the influence of assuming elastic resistance of Budd-chiarieva method on calculation result and its shortages. Then put forward a new calculation method — Iterative method which can accurately determine elastic resistance distribution law of curved wall tunnel, and introduce basic idea, influencing factor of elastic resistance distribution law, practical method of Iterative method, and the method of improving iterative speed, and the process for calculating internal force of structure is given using Iterative method; contract the calculation results of internal force of structure by Iterative method and Budd-chiari eva method and point out the differences by practical calculation examples. Finally, the application scope of iterative method and necessity for further study are suggested.

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Pelfrey, William V., and Bryan F. Bubolz. "Hybridizing Socrates: A Hybrid Approach to Teaching Graduate Research Methods." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 25, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2013.798422.

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Zarubin, A. S. "TECHNIQUES AND METHODS OF CIVIL LAW RESEARCH ON THE CONTRACT SYSTEM LEGISLATION." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 37 (2017): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2017-37-312-322.

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Löfstedt, Jan-Ingvar. "Qualitative research methods in education." Interchange 21, no. 4 (December 1990): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01810095.

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Zahraa, Mahdi. "Unique Islamic Law Methodology and the Validity of Modern Legal and Social Science Research Methods for Islamic Research." Arab Law Quarterly 18, no. 3 (2003): 215–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/0268055032342758.

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Babie, Burdon, da Rimini, Metcalf, and Stenseth. "The Idea of Property: A Comparative Review of Recent Empirical Research Methods." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 26, no. 2 (2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.2.0401.

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Iroshnikov, D. V., and A. Pulik. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SECURITY RESEARCH IN CIVIL LAW." METODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE CIVIL LAW RESEARCHES 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33397/2619-0559-2021-3-3-364-377.

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Introduction: the article is devoted to the peculiarities of the methodology in the study of security issues in civil law. The security of the individual, society and the state is ensured by the norms of both public and private branches of law and civil law is no exception here. In this regard, the study of the civil law mechanism for ensuring security is of particular importance for the domestic civil law. However, such research should have a methodological basis that reflects the specifics of the subject. Purpose: to develop a methodological basis for the study of security through the prism of a civil law mechanism for its provision, including the formulation of problems for the main directions of future research. Methods: a set of general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systems approach, method of scientific modeling, etc.), combined with private scientific and private law methods (formal legal, comparative legal, intersectoral) were applied. Results: security can be investigated within the framework of civil law means of ensuring it in the following areas: 1) security as an intangible benefit and an object of civil law protection; 2) security as an element of the object of legal relations arising from the conclusion of civil law contracts; 3) property security and civil legal means of ensuring it. Conclusions: the study made it possible to identify the main directions of security research in the science of civil law due to the peculiarities of the methodology. In the course of the research, the authors posed a number of scientific problems, the solution of which is possible in the course of further civil studies.

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Xu, Feng. "Research on Deforming Law of Beam Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.1114.

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The equations of damage evolution of cross-section and the deflection deformation of concrete beam were established. Through the plain concrete beam bending test, the formula for calculating the deflection was verified. It is proved that the formula established in this paper is more accurate than the equation that doesn’t consider the damage effect. The concrete beam was modelled and analyzed by means of finite element analysis software, and comparison was carried out between the numerical simulation result and the experimental data. On the basis, new methods and ideas about concrete-damage were proposed.

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McDermott, M. Joan. "The personal is empirical: Feminism, research methods, and criminal justice education." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 3, no. 2 (November 1992): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259200082641.

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Rusakova, Ekaterina, and Viktor Zaitsev. "The Comparative Law Research of Remission in Arbitration." Legal Concept, no. 4 (December 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.4.6.

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Introduction: the institute of remission has only received significant development since 2016 with the adoption of the arbitration reform and the introduction of appropriate changes concerning remission. To date, the legal framework for the procedure for the return of the state court in case of finding serious shortcomings of the arbitration decision has not been fully formed. The purpose of the study: to analyze the remission in the arbitration court after the state court has returned the arbitration decision to correct significant shortcomings. Relevance: the importance and relevance of the work are since the regulations of Russian arbitration institutions do not have provisions on remission. The regulations of foreign arbitration institutions only contain a reference to remission, but do not disclose in detail the conduct of this procedure. At the same time, the institute of remission plays a significant role in arbitration proceedings. The number of applications to this procedure in foreign countries, as well as the beginning of its development in Russia, emphasizes the need and relevance of the study. Methods: in the paper, the research methodology includes the general scientific methods of cognition, specific scientific methods, and special legal methods, the comparative method of analyzing the rules of arbitration institutions is used, and the systematic method is used to determine the formation of the former composition of the arbitration or the new one. Results: the rules of the relevant arbitration institution should be considered as the applicable rules for remission. As a general rule, remitted issues are considered by the same panel of arbitrators that previously made the relevant award. The validity of the arbitrators’ mandate depends on the relationship between the remitted issues and the arbitration decision. The arbitration refusal of remission must be justified. Based on the results of remission, a new decision or an additional one may be made. Conclusions: the institution of remission is important, as it allows you to effectively and quickly correct significant shortcomings while avoiding the cancellation of the arbitration decision, and preserve the partnership of the parties. Based on the analysis and the conclusions drawn, the authors’ own rules are formulated, which can be included in the rules of arbitration institutions.

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Anisimov, Victor, and Vasyl Muzychuk. "ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF RESEARCH METHODS RELIABILITY OF AUTOTRACTOR ENGINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(106) (November 29, 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-3-5.

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The study of the reliability of the engine as a whole can be represented as a study of the probabilistic characteristics of its reliability according to the given probabilistic characteristics of the reliability of individual engine elements, that is, systems and mechanisms. The article substantiates that the method of similarity and dimensional theory allows us to establish patterns of change in the wear rate tgα depending on the adjustment of the engine parameters, and numerous experiments are required, which makes it little practical in determining the resource and predicting the operation of tractor engines. A more practically acceptable method for determining the residual life of automotive engines is the method of mathematical statistics and probability theory, and, in particular, the law of normal distribution. However, to determine the resource of engines, using this law, it is also necessary to conduct a large amount of testing. Thus, at the current stage of scientific and technological progress in automotive engineering, it is necessary to find other methods that are most practically acceptable and contribute in a short time, without a large amount of testing, to determine the resource of machines with maximum durability, which will be developed in subsequent works of the authors of the article.

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Bobkova, Antonina, Serhii Vitvitskyi, Andrii Zakharchenko, Liudmyla Nikolenko, and Anastasiia Katrych. "FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMPETENCIES OF LAW STUDENTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 28, 2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol1.6484.

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The practical activity of a lawyer involves a comprehensive analysis of various legal situations, the search for optimal ways to resolve them, the use of analogies, generalization, development and substantiation of new legal positions (including based on doctrinal sources), that is, it contains elements of the researcher's work. With this in mind, one of the important components in teaching legal students is the formation of their research competencies. The purpose of this study is to prepare proposals for improving approaches to the formation of scientific research competencies of students of legal specialties. During the research, formal legal, sociological and other methods of scientific knowledge were used. As a result of the study, proposals were substantiated for the formation of scientific research competencies of law students, based on the logic of scientific research in the field of law. These proposals imply consistent training of law students to work with facts of reality, scientific facts, scientific problems and scientific hypotheses, using appropriate methods of scientific knowledge.

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Firdaus, Firdaus, Ahmad Juneidi, Lola Astari, and Firda Mustika Sari. "Various Methods of Establishing Contemporary Islamic law." Ulumuddin : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 10, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/ulumuddin.v10i1.340.

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The first source of Islamic law is al-Qur'an, after the new Al-Qur'an, the Hadith of the Prophet SAW. When searching for a law that not contained in the Al-Qur’an and al-Hadith, way to do is using ijtihad (raʻyu). This ijtihad is the mobilization of all the abilities of a fuqaha 'to find sharia law,' and the person who discovered it was named Mujtahid. The scholars in using this ra'yu issued many methods as a tool to install the law, such as: ijma 'which is the ahlul ilmi agreement on the law of an event with the condition that the scientists gather at the same time Qiyas, istihsan, istishab, 'urf. The purpose of this paper is to explain contemporary ijtihad methods that can be used to perform istinbath law. The discussion discussed in this paper is about the various ways of establishing modern Islamic law. The methodology used in this paper is the type of library (library research), namely by referring to books relating to fiqh and ushul fiqh. From the author's analysis that the methods used to establish Islamic law in the contemporary period are no different from the methods used previously, namely sourced from the Qur'an, Hadith, and ijtihad of the scholars who have mujtahid criteria.

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Boldyrev, V. A. "THE CIVIL LAW STATISTICS." METODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE CIVIL LAW RESEARCHES 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 232–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33397/2619-0559-2021-3-3-232-256.

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Introduction: comparison of dissertations in civil law with dissertations in other legal specialties, especially the criminal law cycle, inevitably leads to the idea that there are no fundamental civil law works in Russian legal science, which would be based on a statistical analysis of empirical material. Dissertation candidates often confirm or deny by one or another case or a set of them their idea, which has real or imaginary scientific value. Often, the study of a wide group of cases becomes the foundation for deep scientific conclusions, changes in the initial views of the dissertation candidate or the proposal of new hypotheses, however, in these cases, the authors’ observations are not statistical. The very statement about the insufficient use of statistical methods in civil law science requires not just a declaration with an indication of its obviousness, but direct evidence of this circumstance. Purpose: to confirm or refute the thesis about the rare use of statistical methods in civil law research, to establish the reasons for the rare use (if the thesis is confirmed). Methods: formal logical methods, statistical methods, comparative method are used. Results: the thesis about the rare use of statistical methods in civil law research is confirmed. The index of the objective conditionality of the use of statistical methods in legal research is proposed. The index shows that the role of the conditionally subjective component, that is, the established traditions of conducting scientific research in various specialties, is important, but not decisive for characterizing the methodological foundations of conducting scientific research. The choice by a particular researcher of statistical methods of conducting scientific work is determined by two main quantitative parameters of conducting research work by the entire scientific community in the relevant specialty: (a) the breadth of the sector of the analyzed legal reality, including the volume of legislation regulating public relations; (b) the number of researchers working in the relevant field.

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Rothenberg, Daniel. "Field-Based Methods of Research on Human Rights Violations." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102612-133939.

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Field-based research lies at the heart of human rights discourse and practice. Yet, there is a lack of consistency and coherence in the methodologies used and inadequate transparency regarding research methods in most human rights reporting. This situation opens work up to multiple challenges as to quality, veracity, and legitimacy. Although there have been repeated calls for greater methodological rigor through universal standards, general principles, and guidelines, human rights research remains diverse, uncoordinated, and disparate. This article explores these issues in relation to fact-finding, measuring violations, truth commissions, and emerging tools and technologies. It reviews how methodological debates reflect significant divisions among disciplines, differences in goals and objectives, distinct interests among various actors and organizations working on these issues, and the overall complexity of human rights research. The article argues against implementing universal research practices and for creatively and openly engaging debates regarding field-based methods. Such efforts can provide an essential corrective to unquestioned assumptions, enable greater transparency, and improve the overall quality and comparative value of human rights research.

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Frase, Richard S. "Research on Race and Sentencing: Goals, Methods, and Topics." Justice Quarterly 30, no. 2 (May 23, 2012): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.687512.

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Kessler, David A., and Marc Swatt. "Mastery learning, rewriting assignments and student learning of criminal justice research methods." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511250100085091.

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Moriarty, Laura J. "Augmenting research methods and statistics courses using independent, self-paced computer applications." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 9, no. 1 (March 1998): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259800084211.

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Bordt, Rebecca L. "Simulation as a tool for teaching research methods in a criminology course." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 10, no. 2 (November 1999): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259900084681.

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Lubinski, David. "Applied individual differences research and its quantitative methods." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 2, no. 2 (June 1996): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.2.2.187.

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Calcara, Giulio. "Rethinking Legal Research on Matters of International Police Cooperation: Issues, Methods and Raison d’Être." Liverpool Law Review 40, no. 2 (July 2019): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10991-019-09229-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Research Methods – Law'

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