Relevant bibliographies by topics / Research design/methods

Academic literature on the topic 'Research design/methods'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Parker, Louise. "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS." Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 19, no. 5 (January 2002): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08880010290057291.

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Turner, Scott F., Laura B. Cardinal, and Richard M. Burton. "Research Design for Mixed Methods." Organizational Research Methods 20, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428115610808.

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All methods individually are flawed, but these limitations can be mitigated through mixed methods research, which combines methodologies to provide better answers to our research questions. In this study, we develop a research design framework for mixed methods work that is based on the principles of triangulation. Core elements for the research design framework include theoretical purpose, i.e., theory development and/or theory testing; and methodological purpose, i.e., prioritizing generalizability, precision in control and measurement, and authenticity of context. From this foundation, we consider how the multiple methodologies are linked together to accomplish the theoretical purpose, focusing on three types of linking processes: convergent triangulation, holistic triangulation, and convergent and holistic triangulation. We then consider the implications of these linking processes for the theory at hand, taking into account the following theoretical attributes: generality/specificity, simplicity/complexity, and accuracy/inaccuracy. Based on this research design framework, we develop a roadmap that can serve as a design guide for organizational scholars conducting mixed methods research studies.
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Turner, Dana P. "Sampling Methods in Research Design." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 60, no. 1 (January 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13707.

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Abutabenjeh, Sawsan, and Raed Jaradat. "Clarification of research design, research methods, and research methodology." Teaching Public Administration 36, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144739418775787.

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Research design is a critical topic that is central to research studies in science, social science, and many other disciplines. After identifying the research topic and formulating questions, selecting the appropriate design is perhaps the most important decision a researcher makes. Currently, there is a plethora of literature presenting multiple approaches to the formulation of research design. Although the existence of multiple approaches is a powerful source in the development of a research design, new public administration (PA) researchers and students may see it as a source of confusion because there is a lack of clarity in the literature about the approaches to research design, research methods, and research methodology in the social sciences. The purpose of this research paper is to lessen the confusion over research design and offer a better understanding of these approaches. The comparison analysis obtained in this research can provide guidance for PA researchers, students and practitioners when considering the research design most appropriate for their study. To achieve the research purpose, a comparison analysis was conducted to study the differences in research design perspectives and approaches. Three dominant works related to research design, by Earl R. Babbie, Elizabethann O’Sullivan et al., and John W. Creswell, were selected as representative of the wide array of approaches in the PA literature. In identifying similarities and differences across the scholars’ approaches, the analysis includes: (a) definitions of and steps in research design, and (b) the perspectives on research methods and research methodology. The analysis showed that research design approaches are convergent and divergent and that it is necessary for PA researchers and students to be knowledgeable about the various research design approaches before selecting a specific design for their research. An example scenario was provided to show the impact of different perspectives on research design in the PA literature.
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Jorrín Abellán, Ivan M., Anete Vasquez, and Rachel E. Gaines. "Co-designing Research Methods Lesson Plans in the Interactive Research Methods Lab." Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, no. 74 (December 21, 2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.74.1797.

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In this article we present a series of co-design sessions conducted throughout the 2019-2020 academic year, of which the aim was to plan and implement lessons on research methods for undergraduate and graduate students in the Interactive Research Methods Lab (IRML). The IRML is a brand new resource in the Bagwell College of Education (Kennesaw State University) that provides students with personalized instruction and practical experience in generating research designs, conceptual frameworks, and reviews of literature using Augmented Reality (AR) interactive contents. We followed the seven characteristic features of co-design as outlined by Roschelle et al. (2006) and structured sessions for co-design in accordance with Cober et al. (2015) and Barberá et al.’s (2017) proposed stages: a) Exploration, b) Envisioning, c) Operationalization, and d) Assessment and Reflection. Successful implementation of the co-designed lessons and their integration with the IRML as a technological learning resource highlight the affordances of using a co-design approach to confront the inherent challenges in designing authentic and meaningful learning experiences when teaching research methods.
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Löwgren, Jonas, and Yukari Nagai. "Dealing with diversity: Issues in design research and design research methods." Artifact 2, no. 1 (April 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17493460802276760.

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Wilson, Virginia. "Research Methods: Design, Methods, Case Study…oh my!" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 1(S) (March 4, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8h928.

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Wilson, Virginia. "Research Methods: Design, Methods, Case Study…oh my!" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2011): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b87w5s.

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Alavi, Hamed, and Patrycja Hąbek. "Addressing Research Design Problem in Mixed Methods Research." Management Systems in Production Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-10-01-2016.

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Abstract Alongside other disciplines in social sciences, management researchers use mixed methods research more and more in conduct of their scientific investigations. Mixed methods approach can also be used in the field of production engineering. In comparison with traditional quantitative and qualitative research methods, reasons behind increasing popularity of mixed research method in management science can be traced in different factors. First of all, any particular discipline in management can be theoretically related to it. Second is that concurrent approach of mixed research method to inductive and deductive research logic provides researchers with opportunity to generate theory and test hypothesis in one study simultaneously. In addition, it provides a better justification for chosen method of investigation and higher validity for obtained answers to research questions. Despite increasing popularity of mixed research methods among management scholars, there is still need for a comprehensive approach to research design typology and process in mixed research method from the perspective of management science. The authors in this paper try to explain fundamental principles of mixed research method, its typology and different steps in its design process.
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Wang, Yun Hu, and Yong Kyun Oh. "Research on Complementarity Methods of Design." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY DESIGN CULTURE 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18208/ksdc.2018.24.2.435.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Ooi, Phillip S. K. "Design methods for deep foundations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28503.

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Kirstein, Marno Johan. "Exploring conversance with ‘research for design’ methods in communication design companies." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46212.

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The number of research for design methods is increasing every year, but existing literature reveals very little about the state of research in communication design in the South African context. It is not clear whether practitioners are implementing the methods, whether the methods are suitable to the South African context, or even whether practitioners are aware of the methods in the first place. This study is exploratory in nature and investigates three aspects of communication design practitioners’ relationship with current research for design methods: awareness, attitudes and aptitude. These three aspects are collectively referred to as ‘conversance’. The study briefly covers the etymology of research for design and the literature that is currently available from the South African industry. The literature review for the study is divided into two sections, the first investigating what research is and what constitutes acceptable scholarly research practices.The second part of the literature review establishes what the state of the art in research for design is and gives some idea of what good research for design practices look like, in the broader context of acceptable scholarly research practices. Four heterogeneous case companies are investigated in terms of their conversance with research for design methods, using a mixed methods embedded design. The field research data for these case studies is discussed separately, whereafter a cross-case analysis is conducted, to help guide the lines of inquiry in future research projects investigating research practices in the South African communication design industry. The study ends by making recommendations for further research, based on the outcomes.
Mini-dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Visual Arts
MA
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Strouse, Emily Elizabeth. "Collective Creativity through Enacting: A Comparison of Generative Design Research Methods." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374072488.

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Burrows, Timothy. "A Preliminary Rubric Design to Evaluate Mixed Methods Research." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19324.

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With the increase in frequency of the use of mixed methods, both in research publications and in externally funded grants there are increasing calls for a set of standards to assess the quality of mixed methods research. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to conduct a multi-phase analysis to create a preliminary rubric to evaluate mixed methods research articles. This study included four research questions:
1. What are the common evaluation criteria found in the contemporary methodological literature pertaining to the design of mixed methods research?
2. What evaluation criteria do experts in the field of mixed methods research perceive as the most important when distinguishing top-quality research in mixed methods?
3. What differences are there in the outcome of the rubric for evaluating mixed methods research identified from the literature compared to those advocated most uniformly by a panel of mixed methods research experts?
4. What are disciplinary differences between the use of mixed methods and views about evaluating it, including the role of paradigms in mixed methods research?
    In the first phase of this multi-phase mixed methods study I used an inductive qualitative process to identify the quality criteria endorsed by 12 methodologists with a long-term involvement in mixed methods research. In the second phase of this study I conducted a quantitative analysis to pilot test a set of criteria identified in the qualitative phases. The sample for both phases of this study was comprised of the same eight males  
and four females from multiple nationalities. Respondents to the on-line survey rated all 14 items as being important, with 11 of the 14 items being rated as very important or higher.
    When considered together, findings from the two phases of this study provide a interesting view of attitudes about the use and application of quality standards to the mixed methods literature. While there was agreement about what elements were important to evaluate, there was not an agreement about the idea that one set of standards could be applied to all mixed methods studies.

Ph. D.
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AKSAKALLI, VURAL. "Heuristic Methods for Gang-Rip Saw Arbor Design and Scheduling." NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19991102-031914.

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AKSAKALLI, VURAL. Heuristic Methods for Gang-Rip Saw Arbor Design and Scheduling. (Under the direction of Dr. Yahya Fathi).This research considers the problem of designing and scheduling arbors for gang-rip saw systems. Such systems are typically used within the furniture manufacturing industry for processing lumber, where lumber boards are first ripped lengthwise into strips of different widths, and then, cut to the required lengths to be used in manufacturing.A saw with multiple cutting channels is used to perform this operation. This saw has fixed blades at specific positions on a rotating shaft which rips incoming lumber boards into required finished widths. The pattern of cutting channels (i.e., the setting of the blades) along the saw shaft is referred to as an ''arbor''.A typical instance of the problem consists of (1) a set of required finished widths and their corresponding demands, (2) a frequency distribution of lumber boards in the uncut stock, (3) a shaft length, and (4) a blade width. The objective is to design a set of (one or more) arbors and the corresponding quantity of lumber to run through each arbor, such that the total amount of waste generated is minimized while the demand is satisfied.In the research, we focus on solving the problem using only one arbor. First, we discuss the computational complexity of the problem and propose a total enumeration procedure which can be used to solve relatively small instances. Then, we develop algorithms based on heuristic approaches such as local improvement procedures, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms. Our computational experiments indicate that a local improvement procedure with two nested loops, performing local search with a different neighborhood structure within each loop, gives very high quality solutions to the problem within very short execution times.

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Purwanto, Alex. "User research and opportunities for innovation : Exploring methods and tools." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296643.

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First-class software engineering is no longer enough for an information system product to gain success on a market. Developing successful information system products has become a challenging practice that requires an understanding of those who are going to use the products. As product innovation has become the lifeblood of companies competing in the fast- paced IT industry, the end users have ultimately become those who determine the success of these type of products. User research is conducted to gather insights of users’ contexts, behaviors and feelings when using products. It can be practiced to explore how to create products and features that end users will find useful. This thesis examines how methods and tools used in user research can expose opportunities for innovation. The study was conducted by a literature study and a case study, where user research methods were put to practice to discover opportunities for creating a concept for a new product. Emphasis was also put on studying how to provide utility when developing a new product. The case study was performed over a four month period at an e- commerce company called Swiss Clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. The study shows that opportunities for innovation in user research occur in the interplay between business, user research discoveries and iterative design and that effective communication and artifacts play essential parts for innovating successfully.
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Colino, Juan. "Audience engagement for presentations via interactive methods." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22447.

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Keeping the audience engaged when presenting a topic in a conventional setting (a class presentation or a keynote in a conference) can be challenging. Often, presenta- tions tend to be linear and non-engaging. It was my intention to research how the ex- perience can be improved by using different methods to engage the audience.In this thesis the reader will find the results of my exploration and research on how to make presentations more engaging for the audience via interactive methods.After some background information, I go through the process of developing concepts that could improve the presenting experience. I describe different contexts where peo- ple deliver presentations and research about these environments to discuss the context of the thesis. I also discuss the concept of audience engagement.After selecting one of these concepts I describe the development of a prototype that il- lustrates the concept and discuss it after a series of user testing procedures.Finally some conclusions and comments are discussed in the final part of the docu- ment.
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Mueller, Nei Edison. "Design and implementation of an automated flexible assembly cell for research purposes." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020030/.

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Clark, Monica, and Ryan Burgess. "Evaluating Research Designs of Clinical Pharmacy Services." The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623556.

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Class of 2011 Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To design a tool to assess for bias in studies for pharmacy services. METHODS: This study will involve reviewing published reports of studies comparing pharmacists’ services to usual services to identify the key study design components and methods for addressing study design limitations. We will then design a tool to assess further such studies for bias. RESULTS: The aspects of a good pharmacy services study that can be controlled include: large study population, equivalence of population at baseline, experimental mortality, multi-centered study, adequate adherence to treatment, and independence from study staff/manufacturer influence. If these things are controlled and/or accounted for it increases the strength of the study. CONCLUSION: The tool we have designed can successfully evaluate the quality of studies of pharmacy services.
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Lee, Jaewoo. "Efficient inverse methods for supersonic and hypersonic body design, with low wave drag analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37406.

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With the renewed interest in the supersonic and hypersonic flight vehicles, new inverse Euler methods are developed in these flow regimes where a space marching numerical technique is valid. In order to get a general understanding for the specification of target pressure distributions, a study of minimum drag body shapes was conducted over a Mach number range from 3 to 12. Numerical results show that the power law bodies result in low drag shapes, where the n=.69 (l/d = 3) or n=.70 (l/d = 5) shapes have lower drag than the previous theoretical results (n=.75 or n=.66 depending on the particular form of the theory). To validate the results, a numerical analysis was made including viscous effects and the effect of gas model. From a detailed numerical examination for the nose regions of the minimum drag bodies, aerodynamic bluntness and sharpness are newly defined. Numerous surface pressure-body geometry rules are examined to obtain an inverse procedure which is robust, yet demonstrates fast convergence. Each rule is analyzed and examined numerically within the inverse calculation routine for supersonic (M∞ = 3) and hypersonic (M∞ = 6.28) speeds. Based on this analysis, an inverse method for fully three dimensional supersonic and hypersonic bodies is developed using the Euler equations. The method is designed to be easily incorporated into existing analysis codes, and provides the aerodynamic designer with a powerful tool for design of aerodynamic shapes of arbitrary cross section. These shapes can correspond to either "wing like" pressure distributions or to "body like" pressure distributions. Examples are presented illustrating the method for a non-axisymmetric fuselage type pressure distribution and a cambered wing type application. The method performs equally well for both nonlifting and lifting cases. For the three dimensional inverse procedure, the inverse solution existence and uniqueness problem are discussed. Sample calculations demonstrating this problem are also presented.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Burke, Johnson, Turner Lisa, and Christensen Larry B. 1941-, eds. Research methods and design. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2010.

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Christensen, Larry B. Research methods, design, and analysis. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2010.

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Vaux, Dana E., and David Wang, eds. Research Methods for Interior Design. New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429029325.

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Visual research methods in design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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Craig, James Richard. Methods of psychological research. 2nd ed. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1986.

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Goodwin, C. James. Research in psychology: Methods and design. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Case study research: Design and methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2009.

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Research in psychology: Methods and design. 2nd ed. New York: J. Wiley, 1999.

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Research in psychology: Methods and design. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008.

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Research in psychology: Methods and design. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Eller, Warren S., Brian J. Gerber, and Scott E. Robinson. "Research Design." In Public Administration Research Methods, 91–117. Second Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315163727-7.

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Bottasso, C. L., and M. Muskulus. "Design Methods." In Research Topics in Wind Energy, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46919-5_7.

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Wang, Ming-Feng. "Research Methods." In Creative Product Design With Cultural Codes, 13–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6767-2_2.

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Bhatta, Basudeb. "Research Design." In Research Methods in Remote Sensing, 77–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6594-8_5.

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Espinach, Xavier, Antonio Mancuso, and Benoit Eynard. "Design Methods." In Research in Interactive Design (Vol. 4), 83–150. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26121-8_11.

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Espinach, Xavier, Antonio Mancuso, and Benoit Eynard. "Design Methods." In Research in Interactive Design (Vol. 4), 11–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26121-8_2.

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I, Ji Yeong, Hyewon Chang, and Ji-Won Son. "Methods: Mixed-Methods Research Design." In Mathematics Education – An Asian Perspective, 67–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0966-7_5.

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Marsh, David, and Dimiter Toshkov. "Research Design." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 219–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60353-1_13.

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Sreejesh, S., Sanjay Mohapatra, and M. R. Anusree. "Questionnaire Design." In Business Research Methods, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00539-3_5.

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Baum, Scott. "Research Questions and Research Design." In Methods in Urban Analysis, 11–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1677-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Yemtim, Adolphe, Achille Sévérin Lebongo Onana, Charlotte Ray, Jamie Cross, Craig Martin, and Arno G. Verhoeven. "Methods Across Borders: reflections of using design-led qualitative methods in Burkina Faso." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.599.

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Tate, Derrick, and Mats Nordlund. "Research Methods for Design Theory." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21694.

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Abstract This paper is about the development of design theory, about how research in design theory is — and should be — done. Important works in design theory since 1850 are identified. The current state of design as a pre-paradigm science is explained, motivating the need for a unifying view of design. Given the state of the field, a framework for design theory is presented, and a research process model is proposed as a scientific way of doing research in design theory. These are discussed in light of modern views in the philosophy of science and their criteria for theory evaluation and scientific progress. Research in design can be treated in a scientific manner, but this must be done from a sophisticated view of scientific practice, one with the proper criteria for evaluating progress: at the level of the research program.
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Ricci, Donato, Agata Brilli, and Roberta Tassi. "Repurposing Digital Methods for Human-Centered Design." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.308.

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Sewell, P., TM Benson, S. Greedy, and A. Vukovic. "Advances in Spectral Methods for OEIC Design." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.2001.ituf1.

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Jylkäs, Titta, and Essi Kuure. "Embodied Design Methods as Catalyst for Industrial Service Design." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.364.

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Langrish, John Z. "The Design Methods Movement From Optimism to Darwinism." In Design Research Society Conference 2016. Design Research Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.222.

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Tromp, Nynke, Reint Jan Renes, and Jaap Daalhuizen. "Heuristics for selecting and using behavioural design methods." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.607.

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Armstrong, Helen, Elizabeth Guffey, Farnaz Nickpour, and Bess Williamson. "“Is Universal Design Dead?”: Creating inclusive user experience design methods." In Design Research Society Conference 2018. Design Research Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.790.

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McNely, Brian J. "Visual research methods and communication design." In the 31st ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2507065.2507073.

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Byström, Katriina. "Session details: Research design and methods." In IIiX 2010: Information Interaction in Context Symposium. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3258229.

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Reports on the topic "Research design/methods"

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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, and Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 2: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Methods. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317347.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.

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This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.
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Oliver, Sandy, Kate Conroy, Hayley Umayam, Charlotte Maugham, Chris Roche, Laurenz Langer, Promise Nduku, Tasmin Bradley, Mukdarut Bangpan, and Dylan Kneale. Engaging stakeholders to co-design rigorous and relevant research and evaluation. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb5.

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The CEDIL Methods Brief, ‘Engaging stakeholders to co-design rigorous and relevant research and evaluation’, helps researchers consider the options for working with stakeholders and engaging them with the research process and each other when planning or conducting research, or interpreting research findings in order to make actionable recommendations. The brief is based on a CEDIL Methods Working Paper which developed a framework for selecting appropriate methods of engagement by synthesising literature and interviewing a range of stakeholders.
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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Evaluation of Geosynthetics Use in Pavement Foundation Layers and Their Effects on Design Methods. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-025.

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This report presents findings of a research effort aimed at reviewing and updating existing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) specifications and manuals regarding the use of geosynthetic materials in pavements. The project consisted of three tasks: evaluate current IDOT practice related to the use of geosynthetics; review research and state of the practice on geosynthetics applications, available products, design methods, and specifications; and propose recommendations for geosynthetic solutions in pavements to modernize IDOT’s practices and manuals. The review of IDOT specifications revealed that geotextiles are the most used geosynthetic product in Illinois, followed by geogrids. Several of IDOT’s manuals have comprehensive guidelines to properly design and construct pavements with geosynthetics, but several knowledge gaps and potential areas for modernization and adoption of new specifications still exist. Based on the review of the available design methods and the most relevant geosynthetic properties and characterization methods linked to field performance, several updates to IDOT’s practice were proposed. Areas of improvement are listed as follows. First, establish proper mechanisms for using geogrids, geocells, and geotextiles in subgrade restraint and base stabilization applications. This includes using shear wave transducers, i.e., bender elements, to quantify local stiffness enhancements and adopting the Giroud and Han design method for subgrade restraint applications. Second, update IDOT’s Subgrade Stability Manual to include property requirements for geogrids, geotextiles, and geocells suitable for subgrade restraint applications. Third, establish proper standards on stabilization, separation, and pumping resistance for geotextiles by incorporating recent research findings on geotextile clogging and permeability criteria. Fourth, promote the use of modern geosynthetic products, such as geotextiles with enhanced lateral drainage, and fifth, elaborate on proper methods for construction/quality control measures for pavements with geosynthetics.
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Saeidi, Elahe, and Virginia Wimberley. Precious Cut: A Practice-Based Research Toward Zero-Waste Design by Exploring Creative Pattern Cutting Methods and Draping Techniques. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-173.

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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, and Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 3: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Example Problems. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317348.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Sawatzky, Richard, TT Sajobi, L. Russell, OA Awosoga, A. Ademola, JR Böhnke, O. Lawal, et al. A synthesis of response shift effects in quantitative health research: A systematic review and meta-regression protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0033.

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Review question / Objective: The first aim is to descriptively synthesize evidence about response shift results including prevalence and, where possible, distributions of response shift effect sizes, for different subcategories of response shift methods, populations, study designs, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The second aim is to identify response shift methods, population characteristics, design characteristics and PROMs that explain variability in: (a) standardized mean differences (for then-test and latent variable methods) and (b) prevalence of response shifts. Condition being studied: The systematic review included all studies on response shifts in PROMs, irrespective of the condition being studied. The type of health condition that each individual study focused on (if applicable), was extracted as a study-level variable.
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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.
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Niazi, Fawad. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 1: CPT Interpretation—Estimation of Soil Properties. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317346.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.

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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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