Journal articles on the topic 'Research Censorship'
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1
Jenkins, Christine A. "Research Directions: Book Challenges, Challenging Books, and Young Readers: The Research Picture." Language Arts 85, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20086186.
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Jenkins takes a broad look at censorship, including its history; the organizations, tactics, and goals supporting both sides of the issue; research on what factors lead people to complain about a book and how reading affects readers; resources available to those fighting censorship; and what levels of complaint and action a given case may need to work through. Ultimately, she asks, “Is it possible to “censor-proof’ a library or school?”
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Zhang, Joy, and Michael Barr. "Harmoniously Denied: COVID-19 and the Latent Effects of Censorship." Surveillance & Society 19, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i3.14102.
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While few would doubt that censorship is a form of surveillance, the practice and theory of censorship does not hold as prominent a place within surveillance studies as one might think. In this paper, we demonstrate the constitutive effects of censorship that seep into the collective mentality and, in Foucauldian terms, “conducts the conduct.” We examine the wider socio-political impact of China’s censorship of COVID-19. We argue that censorship is a force “at large.” By this we refer to the pervasive uptake of censorship practices at different levels and how censorship manifests itself as a form of power unchained, making it difficult, if not impossible, to track and contain its impact, even for the authorities. We argue that censorship surveils the expressed and, by extension, regulates the not-yet-expressed. It surveils what can be perceived and, by extension, pre-conditions the not-yet-conceived. We highlight the domestic impact of how China’s censorship regime bends its population into acquiescing to a harmonious denial of its collective prospects and how it curtails the global response.
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Riebeek, H. "Key research journals embrace self-censorship." IEEE Spectrum 40, no. 4 (April 2003): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2003.1191778.
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Hall, Wayne. "Minimising research censorship by government funders." International Journal of Drug Policy 17, no. 3 (June 2006): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.02.003.
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Rožukalne, Anda. "Self-censorship in Latvian journalism: A research note." European Journal of Communication 35, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323119897799.
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This research note analyses the interrelation between the changing media environment in Latvia and journalistic practices, with a focus on self-censorship. It is based on, first, a survey investigating journalists’ professional values and, second, semi-structured qualitative interviews with media professionals. The data indicate that the most viable self-censorship strategy is to reconcile professional principles with political and economic pressures and constraints.
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Rudenkin, D. "State Censorship of the Internet in the Assessments of Russian Youth: Results of a Sociological Research." Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/75/35.
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The central issue of the paper is the peculiarities of the attitude of Russian youth to the tough policy of the state aimed at limiting the dissemination of information on the Internet. The author notes the contradiction between the progressive tightening of the policy of the Russian state in the field of moderation of the Internet and the lack of a clear understanding of the specifics of the reaction that such a tightening causes in society. An analysis of the current scientific literature leads the author to the conclusion that the attitude of young people to the practices of introducing state censorship will largely affect the effectiveness of the functioning of such censorship. The negative attitude of young people towards state censorship of the Internet will hinder its functioning, while agreement with the need for its introduction, on the contrary, may become a favorable prerequisite for its development. Using the data of his own sociological research conducted among the youth of Ekaterinburg (N=504), the author analyses the actual moods that arise among the youth in connection with the prospect of introducing state censorship of the Internet. The key conclusion of the paper is that the Russian youth has a relatively positive attitude towards the introduction of state censorship of the Internet, which in many respects favors the real introduction of such censorship into the life of society. Although young people disagree and argue about the specific types of information that should be prohibited by the state censorship, the initial need for such a prohibition is more likely to be supported.
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Fourie, Ina, Constance Bitso, and Theo J.D. Bothma. "Methods and resources to monitor internet censorship." Library Hi Tech 32, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-11-2013-0156.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance for library and information services (LIS) to take the responsibility to find a manageable way to regularly monitor internet censorship in their countries, and to suggest a framework for such monitoring and to encourage manageable on-going small scale research projects. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows on contract research for the IFLA Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression on country specific trends in internet censorship. Based on an extensive literature survey (not fully reflected here) and data mining, a framework is suggested for regular monitoring of country specific negative and positive trends in internet censorship. The framework addresses search strategies and information resources; setting up alerting services; noting resources for data mining; a detailed break-down and systematic monitoring of negative and positive trends; the need for reflection on implications, assessment of need(s) for concern (or not) and generation of suggestions for actions; sharing findings with the LIS community and wider society; and raising sensitivity for internet censorship as well as advocacy and lobbying against internet censorship. Apart from monitoring internet censorship, the framework is intended to encourage manageable on-going small scale research. Findings – A framework of internet censorship monitoring can support the regular, systematic and comprehensive monitoring of known as well as emerging negative and positive trends in a country, and can promote timely expressions of concerns and appropriate actions by LIS. It can support sensitivity to the dangers of internet censorship and raise LIS’ levels of self-efficacy in dealing with internet censorship and doing manageable, small scale research in this regard. Originality/value – Although a number of publications have appeared on internet censorship these do not offer a framework for monitoring internet censorship and encouraging manageable on-going small scale research in this regard.
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Afwah, Atina, Mangatur Rudolf Nababan, and Djatmika Djatmika. "Analysis of Censorship in Subtitle of American Pie 1-7." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (October 15, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1057.
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Cultural differences make translators censor some parts that considered as taboo, abusive, and inappropriate in the culture of the target language. Censorship carried out by deleting and reducing words, phrases, or sentences in subtitles. The aims of this research are finding words, phrases, and sentences that censored, factors causing censorship and the impact of censorship on the quality of translation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a fixed case study form. The result shows that censorship was carried out by translators because of two main causes, namely self-censorship and translator's capacity. The results also showed that most of the data was censor because of self-censorship. The translators choose to delete or reduce because of four things, namely swearing words, emphasized, sexual references, and repetitions. Meanwhile, the impact of censorship on the quality of translation shows that most of the data is inaccurate, acceptable, and has high legibility.
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Ayoub, Muhammad, Muhammad Junaid Ghauri, and Muhammad Tariq. "Self- Censorship By Pakistani Journalists: Causes And Effects." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication Volume 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i01-12.
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This study is an attempt to find out the willingness of the journalists for self-censorship, to highlight the factors which give rise to the phenomenon of self-censorship and to investigate the impact of self-censorship on the journalists’ performance in Pakistan. This research has been conducted in the light of Bar-Tal model for self-censorship and it is quantitative based research. Questionnaire was distributed among 125 Islamabad-based journalists sampled through the purposive sampling method. Findings revealed that the majority of the journalists were facing self-censorship in Pakistan and they were not able to reveal the information in media without engaging in self-censorship. Researcher investigated the four factors which give rise to the phenomenon of self-censorship among the journalists in Pakistan; military, judiciary, media organization policies or media owner’s pressure and job insecurity. Researcher concluded that self-censorship affects the journalists’ performance, credibility, neutrality, free journalism, factual and objective reporting in Pakistan and self-censorship has negative impact on the journalists’ performance in Pakistan.
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Hallová, Jana. "Censorship Crisis." Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium 8, no. 1 (November 22, 2023): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/tertium.2023.8.1.243.
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The following research studies the use of memes on the social platform Twitter with regards to celebrity representation. Specifically, it analyzes two memetic posts by Elon Musk and the representation tactics behind them, using elements of multimodal analysis and critical discourse analysis. Subsequently, the study looks at the reception of these posts via comparative content analysis with custom classification to determine how successful the tactics behind these posts are and whether there is any evidence observable in the reception regarding censorship on Twitter after its purchase by Elon Musk. The comparative study comes in a form of quantitative analysis of the first 150 responses to each of the two posts. The study does not only demonstrate instances of attempts at diminishing the distance which the inherent power of a celebrity personage on social media creates, but also how successful these attempts are and whether they manage to distract the audience from the personage in question and their power over them.
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Tan, Zaixi. "The fuzzy interface between censorship and self-censorship in translation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.00029.tan.
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Abstract The present research explores how the self-censoring mechanism is established in the translator’s mind and how this internal mechanism interfaces with external, institutional censorial policies to affect both the process and the outcome of a translation. The paper begins with a discussion of the ubiquitous nature of censorship and how the translator internalizes various coercive censorial forces. Based on detailed case studies of three well-known censorship/ self-censorship-affected Chinese translations – those of Lolita, Animal Farm, and Deng Xiaoping – this research finds that when certain values, ideologies, cultural practices and moral presuppositions become internalized by translators, their censorial behavior is no longer a coerced option but an active choice of their own, and also that there is often no clear dividing line between what is coerced (censoring) and what is one’s own (self-censoring) action in contexts where ‘politically/ culturally sensitive’ source texts are bound to be scrutinized by the censor’s/ self-censor’s eye before they enter the translations market.
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Tsumarava, E. P. "ON THE ISSUE OF CENSORSHIP: THE CONCEPT, THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY, HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF CENSORSHIP ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS IN THE PERIOD OF 1905 – 1917." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 07, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-126-135.
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The article analyzes the multidimensional nature of the concept of censorship. Among the methods of censorship research, the emphasis was placed on a systematic approach. The works of native and foreign authors on the development of the censorship system in the Russian Empire and its part – censorship on the territory of Belarus in 1905 – 1917 are considered. The aim is to reveal the concept of "censorship", the importance of a systematic approach in its study, to highlight the poorly studied areas of censorship in the historiography of the issue. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that at the present stage of the development of knowledge, censorship is perceived as a multidimensional phenomenon, with the attribute of dichotomy and contradictions: on the one hand, censorship is characterized by the suppression of dissent, on the other hand, it is in many ways a measure of freedom of speech and thought. The censorship apparatus is part of censorship and functions as a state regulatory body. From the standpoint of a systematic approach, the author perceives censorship as a system with many components, interrelations between them, its own structure, internal and external environment, equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. Non-equilibrium states of censorship in the studied period are characteristic for the territory of Belarus in 1905, 1907 and in 1917. Censorship was at bifurcation points, in a state of duality, uncertainty and the possibility of several outcomes. The interdependence of public mood and actions with changes in censorship, the influence of the internal and external environment found special expression in these periods. The study revealed that there has been no comprehensive study of censorship on the territory of Belarus in 1905 – 1917 either in native or foreign historiography; therefore there is a need for a detailed development of the functioning of the censorship apparatus, the study of the practice of censoring publications in the period under study.
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Budrowska, Kamila. "Badania porównawcze (transnarodowe) nad cenzurą i cenzurowaniem literatury w byłych krajach komunistycznych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Wstępne rozpoznania i przegląd stanu badań." Wielogłos, no. 3 (48) (2021): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.21.021.15036.
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Comparative (Transnational) Research on Censorship of Literature in the Former Communist Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Preliminary Findings and the State of the Art Overview The article reviews the state of research in multilingual literature and proposes the original research concept. In the first part, entitled: “Transnational research”, the Author describes the possibilities which were offered by the adhibition of the new methodological concept in comparative research on communism in European countries of the former Eastern bloc. In the second part, “Research on communist censorship”, the Author summarizes the trend of research on communist censorship, which was dynamically developing since the collapse of the system, with particular emphasis on the issue of censorship of literature. In the last part: “Comparative research on communist censorship” she juxtaposes both trends and draws a new research proposal from them. The Author notes that there is no scientific study yet to discuss censorship in all former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe as 1. a supranational phenomenon and 2. using the same methodological perspective. Therefore, she proposes to conduct such research and sees the transnational approach as particularly useful here, which – releasing the researcher from the national perspective of political histories – creates an opportunity to trace the “flows” of ideas, people, and cultural texts between the Eastern bloc countries.
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Waters, Michelle Boyd, and Shelly K. Unsicker-Durham. "The Hydra Nature of Book Banning and Censorship." Study & Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature 6, no. 1 (August 26, 2023): 108–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2023.6.1.108-137.
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In Fall of 2022 two researchers set out to explore both scholarly work on censorship and news articles via social media, to help gain a broader understanding of censorship and book banning trends. The following research question guided their research: What does this wave of book banning and censorship look like across the US? What they discovered is a kind of censorship-Hydra, an evolving beast posing an ever-present danger, one that will likely take the courage, collaboration, and ingenuity of educators everywhere. This article offers a snapshot of this current beast of book banning and censorship in the form of two annotated bibliographies—one focused on news reports and trends in social media—the other focused on academic searches of scholarly articles.
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Pradsmadji, Shadia Imanuella, and Nina Mutmainnah. "Indonesian Cinema: The Battle Over Censorship." IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6, no. 1 (September 29, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v6i1.71547.
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The practice of film censorship has been in Indonesia since the Dutch East Indies era. Since then, film stakeholders have always been the battleground, as the different values and norms generate different views and beliefs. The critical constructionism paradigm is used to examine the contestation of film censorship in Indonesia. Four films released after the enactment of the 2009 Film Law are used as the case study: The Act of Killing, The Look of Silence, Naura & Genk Juara, and Memories of My Body. Data collection was done through a collection of news reports and social media posts that discussed the four films used as the case study. In addition, interviews with four stakeholders were done, which were an alternative cinema manager, a representative of the Indonesian Censorship Board (LSF), a representative of the Indonesian Film Body (BPI), and a film actor/director. The research results indicated that different stakeholders have different views and interests regarding film censorship, which explains why the polemic of contestation over the film censorship policy happens. Some people believe that film censorship should exist, as it would give control over society. At the same time, some people believe that film censorship should be replaced by film classification as a form of freedom of expression. There are also arguments over the standards of film censorship. Academically, the research’s significance is to develop studies regarding film censorship polemic and its stakeholders’ contestation. In contrast, practically, the research may be used to formulate film censorship regulation and policy by evaluating factors that may cause conflict among film stakeholders.
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Chow, Yean Fun, Hasuria Che Omar, and Wan Rose Eliza Abdul Rahman. "Manga Translation and Censorship Issues in Malaysia." KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities 28, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/kajh2021.28.1.1.
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In manga translation, when original image and written representations are regarded as inappropriate content to the target readers’ socio-cultural context, censorship is imposed. Nevertheless, research on censorship in manga translation in Malaysia has not been given due attention. Previous studies show that self-censorship influences translation, but it is not examined within the scope of manga translation. As such, the objective of this study is to examine the censorship practices in manga translation in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative content analysis approach to analyse six Malay translations and their respective source texts based on the publishing guideline of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 [Act 301] and translation procedures proposed by Klaus Kaindl. The analysis shows that the censorship practice in manga translation is a combination of institutional and self-censorship. In institutional censorship, the translation procedures of detraction, addition, substitution, deletion and couplets are used, while in self-censorship, the process is involves substitution, deletion and addition. The current study recommends the adoption of institutional censorship procedures as guidelines in handling sensitive representations and a review of the self-censorship procedures to ensure faithful translations.
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Novy Khusnul Khotimah and Dessy Kushardiyanti. "Sensor Penyiaran Televisi Indonesia : Menyoal Muatan Negatif Dalam Konten Siaran Televisi." Mediakita 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/mediakita.v6i1.304.
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Censorship on television becomes a polemic in society, especially when censorship is carried out on certain images which even become controversial because they are considered unrealistic. Various parties regretted it, but not a few criticized and blamed the government in this case KPI and LSF for their ignorance of the censorship system on television. Although the issue of censorship is not the realm of the KPI in a pragmatic manner, it still has a big role to play in this situation because it governs the policy. How to make and apply laws and regulations when applied by television practitioners so that it gives rise to various interpretations including the irrelevant censorship. Analytical descriptive research method is used in reviewing this research by making an actual and factual path analysis regarding the facts, policies and implications of television broadcasting industry policies. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for intense supervision from KPI and LSF in their capacity to censor television station programs and anticipate the various censorship limits of television companies as a result of differences in human resources and technology capabilities and the application of censorship.
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Mason, Tom. "Censorship of research in the health service setting." Nurse Researcher 4, no. 4 (August 1997): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.4.4.83.s9.
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Douglas White, J. "Emergency medicine research and gender: Sensitivity and censorship." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38, no. 1 (January 2020): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.11.022.
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Zhang, Xiaochun. "Censorship and Digital Games Localisation in China." Censorial Forces at Play: Past and Present 57, no. 2 (February 4, 2013): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013949ar.
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Censorship and translation is a topic that has received substantial attention in academic circles in recent years. Although much of the research has focused on the interrelationship between these two areas, censorship systems and their influence on audiovisual translation, especially digital games localisation, has not been fully examined within the scope of translation studies. This article aims to fill that gap by investigating censorial operations on digital games against the socio-cultural background of Mainland China. It will provide an overview of the Chinese censorship system, with a particular focus on the censoring authorities, their reviewing procedures and methods, including the regulations and standards on game content. It questions the extent to which censorship influences games localisation in practice and concludes that game localisers tend to perform stringent self-censorship when the censorship system itself lacks transparency.
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Jokhadze, Nino. "Censorship of Mario Vargas Llosa's novel "The Time of the Hero" in the Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Georgia)." Cadernos de Tradução 42, no. 01 (November 10, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2022.e84119.
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In Mario Vargas Llosa's first novel, "The Time of the Hero", the author describes his adventures and experiences as a Peruvian. Vargas Llosa exposes the vices, racial and class prejudices, machismo and corruption of Peruvian society during his adolescence. He clearly depicts Peru through his eyes, his real face. The work fought against Francoist censorship for almost a year, and was eventually published in Spain with only eight changes. Novel censorship has long been the object of research in many scholarly works in Spain. In this article, we will discuss the censorship of the novel in Soviet Russia and, consequently, in Georgia. The censorship of the USSR was much harsher than the Francoist censorship of the work. The article analyzes the changes made to the work by the USSR censorship and the consequences of these changes.
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Rosenthal, Sonny, Benjamin Hill Detenber, and Hernando Rojas. "Efficacy Beliefs in Third-Person Effects." Communication Research 45, no. 4 (February 19, 2015): 554–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215570657.
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People generally believe they are less susceptible than others to influences of media, and a growing body of research implicates such biased processing, or third-person perception, in public support for censorship, a type of third-person effect. The current study extends research of the third-person effect by studying two efficacy-related concepts in the context of sexual content in films. Analysis of cross-sectional data from 1,012 Singaporeans suggests that people exhibit self-other asymmetries of efficacy beliefs: They believe others are less capable than they are of self-regulation and that censorship is more effective at restricting others’ access to sexual content in films. Furthermore, the former belief was directly related to the belief that others are more susceptible to negative influence, and thus was indirectly related to support for censorship; whereas the latter belief was directly related to support for censorship. Results may help distinguish the roles of self-regulation and government censorship as bases of local media standards.
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Vuori, Juha Antero, and Lauri Paltemaa. "The Lexicon of Fear: Chinese Internet Control Practice in Sina Weibo Microblog Censorship." Surveillance & Society 13, no. 3/4 (October 26, 2015): 400–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i3/4.5404.
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This article examines how Chinese practices of security governmentality are enacted in everyday online censorship and surveillance/dataveillance of word flows in the Chinese internet. Our analysis of crowdsourced lists of filtered words on the Sina Weibo microblog shows that search engine filtering is based on a two-layer system where short-lived political incidents tend to be filtered for brief periods of time, while words that are conducive to building oppositional awareness tend to be censored more continuously. This indicates a distinction between ‘bad’ and ‘dangerous’ circulations of information from the viewpoint of Chinese internet censorship. Our findings also point out, perhaps counterintuitively, that the ruling Chinese Communist Party is much more inclined to filter words associated with itself than the opposition, or protests, which are usually regarded as the foci of Chinese internet censorship efforts. Our explanation for this is that through surveillance and censorship, the post-totalitarian party-state protects its political hard core against dangerous circulation by trying to prevent public discourse on its leaders and key opponents from going viral. The Chinese online politics of insecurity makes this feasible in a post-totalitarian political order.
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Zhao, Jingyi. "Hong Kong protests: A quantitative and bottom-up account of resistance against Chinese social media (sina weibo) censorship." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 33, no. 62 (June 9, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.24325.
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Chinese online censorship, though has been deeply explored by many scholars from a top-down perspective and has mostly concentrated on the macro level, it appears that there are few, if any, existing studies that features a bottom-up perspective and explores the micro-level aspects of online media censorship. To fill this research gap, this article uses the Occupy movement in Hong Kong as a research case to analyze social media users’ resistance under conditions of heavy censorship from a bottom-up perspective. That is, the research questions seek to uncover what novel ways Weibo users use to try and circumvent Weibo censorship. It is confirmed that the microbloggers tend to use embedded pictures and user ID names, instead of using text messages to camouflage the sensitive information to share with other users; that Weibo users tend to create new accounts once their original ones have been closed or monitored.
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Pan, Jennifer, and Margaret E. Roberts. "Censorship’s Effect on Incidental Exposure to Information: Evidence From Wikipedia." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824401989406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894068.
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The fast-growing body of research on internet censorship has examined the effects of censoring selective pieces of political information and the unintended consequences of censorship of entertainment. However, we know very little about the broader consequences of coarse censorship or censorship that affects a large array of information such as an entire website or search engine. In this study, we use China’s complete block of Chinese language Wikipedia ( zh.wikipedia.org ) on May 19, 2015, to disaggregate the effects of coarse censorship on proactive consumption of information—information users seek out—and on incidental consumption of information—information users are not actively seeking but consume when they happen to come across it. We quantify the effects of censorship of Wikipedia not only on proactive information consumption but also on opportunities for exploration and incidental consumption of information. We find that users from mainland China were much more likely to consume information on Wikipedia about politics and history incidentally rather than proactively, suggesting that the effects of censorship on incidental information access may be politically significant.
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Lyulina, Anastasia G., and Elizaveta S. Efimenko. "Internet censorship in modern China: tight control and a flexible settlement system." RUDN Journal of World History 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-2-175-188.
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The article considers the features of Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China, the stages of its formation, origins of specifics and modern problems of controlling information in the media. Material addressed the current theme of the CPC's fight against anti-historical research with reference to the new law on the rights and interests of military personnel; at the same time, it gives some examples of soft selective censorship of Internet user messages in China. The cultural origins of the phenomenon of Chinese censorship reveal many aspects related to the assessment of the CCP's policy towards the media by Chinese and foreigners. The work used research materials of Russian and foreign specialists in the field of state censorship in China, current information of Chinese news websites and legislation in the field of information control.
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Meserve, Stephen A., and Daniel Pemstein. "Terrorism and internet censorship." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 6 (October 29, 2020): 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320959369.
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The internet provides a powerful tool to terror organizations, enhancing their public messaging, recruitment ability, and internal communication. In turn, governments have increasingly moved to disrupt terror organizations’ internet communications, and even democracies now routinely work to censor terrorist propaganda, and related political messaging, in the name of national security. We argue that democratic states respond to terror attacks by increasing internet censorship and broadening their capacity to limit the digital dissemination of information. This article builds on previous work suggesting this relationship, substantially improving measurement and estimation strategy. We use latent variable modeling techniques to create a new measure of internet censorship, cross nationally and over time, from internet firm transparency reports, and compare this measure to an expert-survey based indicator. Leveraging both measures, we use a variety of panel specifications to establish that, in democracies, increases in terror predict surges in digital censorship. Finally, we examine the posited relationship using synthetic control methods in a liberal democracy that experienced a large shock in terror deaths, France, showing that digital censorship ramped up after several large terrorist attacks.
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Wilson, Japhy. "Sabotage of Development: Subverting the Censorship of Renegade Research." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.5942.
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In 2014, a prominent radical publishing house released a book about the influential development economist Jeffrey Sachs. The published version was one chapter shorter than the final proofs. This chapter had been removed after the publisher sought legal advice on content pertaining to fieldwork conducted in Uganda on Sachs’s Millennium Villages Project (MVP), an international development programme financed by some of the wealthiest individuals and most powerful corporations in the world. In contrast to the MVP’s remarkable claims of success, the censored chapter documented allegations of mismanagement and corruption, and told the story of the author’s detention, his pursuit by secret police on suspicion of ‘sabotage of development’, and subsequent threats of legal action made against him by the lawyers of Sachs’s philanthropic foundation. This article presents the censored chapter in its entirety, as an example of the stakes involved in transgressing ‘ethical research’ protocols that function to shield power from scrutiny. The chapter is prefaced with a discussion of the MVP and the state-capital-academia nexus, and is followed by a postscript, which sets out the principles of ‘renegade research’.
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MAAZALLAHI, Elham, and Zahra HAJIBAGHERI. "THE EFFECT OF TRANSLATOR' GENDER ON THE CENSORSHIP OF TABOOS IN IRANIAN CONTEXT." Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3, ezs.swu.v20i3 (October 20, 2022): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.9.
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This research attempted to conduct an empirical study to investigate the differences in the way male and female translators use censorship to deal with the translation of taboo expressions, and also to find the correlation between genders' habitus and the censorship of taboo words. To this end, 60 Iranian undergraduate students in the field of "English Translation" were selected as the participants of this study. An English proficiency test was given to them to ensure they were all intermediate and upper. A sexually-loaded text with a full-frontal description of a woman's body and a text full of swear words were extracted from two different books and given to the participants to translate. To examine different censorship strategies, Brownlie’s category was adopted as the framework of the research. Analysis of the data revealed a significant positive relationship between translators' gender, their habitus, and the degree of censorship they used. Based on the findings of this study, due to the robust habitus in the mind of female translators, they tried to use censorship more than the male participants. Males felt more freedom in choosing proper equivalences and sometimes intensified the vulgarity of taboos by applying dysphemism in some cases. This paper also explains the reason for the robust habitus and the higher degree of censorship in female translators' work.
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UHD, Journals, Dana Akram Faqe Mahmood, and Shilan Arf Ahmad. "المحددات التي تواجه نظام الرقابة الداخلية في بيئة المصارف التجارية." Journal of University of Human Development 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n4y2017.pp179-203.
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This study was conducted to examine the work of internal control systems in banking institutions. It focused on studying the determinants facing the internal censorship system in the commercial banking sector by identifying the deficiencies and shortcomings in the regulatory systems and their negative effects from financial and administrative failure, the overall weak performances and etc, and also by determining the main reasons and obstacles that prevents the application from development of the internal censorship systems in commercial banks.
A practical study had been made on a sample of the commercial banks operating in Sulaymaniyah governorate .In order to achive the goal, five commercial banks were used to collect the data from. The researchers used questionairre while collecting data in which they entered the information and data were processed automatically and through statistical models in order to test hypotheses and prove them.
The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between the variables of the research hypothesis and the internal censorship's objectives and the constraints facing to their application in the commercial banking sector of a degree at (0.607).
The results showed that the increase of the determinants of the work of internal censrorship systems affected the achievement of the objectives that pursuied by the internal censorship in commercial banks in specifics. The researchers reccomended that there should be a commitments to the laws , accounting policies and procedures that applied to protect the assets especially by the commercial bank's management and to detect errors , fraud and manipulation to support the independency of the work of internal auditor and activate its role to achieve the objectives targeted by the internal censorship systems in commercial banks.
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Cesereanu, Ruxandra. "La biographie de la censure en Roumanie à travers le regard de trois chercheurs: Adrian Marino, Liviu Malița, Liliana Corobca." Caietele Echinox 39 (November 1, 2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cechinox.2020.39.03.
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"This study focuses on three authors whose research concerns have centered almost ritualistically on censorship in Romania: Adrian Marino, Liviu Maliţa and Liliana Corobca. While other works and researchers in the field of censorship studies are also mentioned in this essay, these three scholars are remarkable in terms of their consistent, ample research on this topic. Each of them has engaged, in their own particular ways, in outlining a history and biography of censorship in Romania. My reasons for selecting these three authors are of a multigenerational nature. Marino, Malița and Corobca belong to very different generations, separated by many years, yet they encapsulate the defining features of their own generation."
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Gaszyńska-Magiera, Małgorzata. "Cenzura obyczajowa w PRL wobec przekładu literackiego: nieprzyzwoity Mario Vargas Llosa." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 29, no. 4(62) (December 20, 2023): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.29.2023.62.06.
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MORAL CENSORSHIP IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF POLAND TOWARDS LITERARY TRANSLATION: THE OBSCENE MARIO VARGAS LLOSAThis article deals with the problem of moral censorship in literary translations in the People’s Republic of Poland, which is rarely discussed as researchers usually focus on political censorship. The case study is the novel The Time of the Hero by Mario Vargas Llosa. Fragments of this work which contained graphic erotic descriptions were removed from the first Polish edition. They were identified by comparing the original text and the translation, as well as subsequent Polish editions. The author suggests that research on moral censorship in the second half of the 20th century should be continued and indicates possible areas of investigation.
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Vilches, Gerardo. "Satirical Panels against Censorship." European Comic Art 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/eca.2018.110203.
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In mid-1970s Spain, many new satirical magazines featured a strong political stance opposing Francisco Franco’s regime and in favour of democracy. Magazines with a significant amount of comics-based content constituted a space for political and social critics, as humour allowed them to go further than other media. However, legal authorities tried to censor and punish them. This article analyses the relationship between the Spanish satirical press and censorship and focuses on the difficulties their publishers and authors encountered in expressing their criticism of the country’s social changes. Various cartoonists have been interviewed, and archival research carried out. In-depth analysis of the magazines’ contents is used to gain an overview of a political and social period in recent Spanish history, in which the satirical press uniquely tackled several issues.
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Leberknight, Christopher S., Mung Chiang, and Felix Ming Fai Wong. "A Taxonomy of Censors and Anti-Censors Part II." International Journal of E-Politics 3, no. 4 (October 2012): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2012100102.
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This paper presents a conceptual study of Internet anti-censorship technologies. It begins with an overview of previous research on Internet anti-censorship systems and discusses their social, political and technological dimensions. Then for deployed Internet anti-censorship technologies, a taxonomy of their principles and techniques is presented, followed by a discussion of observed trends and implications. Based on the observations, the paper concludes with a discussion on the most critical design features to enable a successful and effective system.
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Chu, Leon Yang, and Guoming Lai. "Salesforce Contracting Under Demand Censorship." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 15, no. 2 (May 2013): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.1120.0424.
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Karolak, Czesław. "INTRA MUROS. ZUR GESCHICHTE DES (ERZWUNGENEN) SCHWEIGENS DER LITERATUR." Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia 19 (December 15, 2019): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/snp.2019.19.17.
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In the article, an attempt has been made to analyze the systems of control of social communication based on the history of censorship in Germany. Apart from the historical context, reference has been made to the relationship of systems of censorship to modernization processes. In addition, the crucial role of legal awareness in society has been indicated. Within the scope of the present analysis, important methodological issues concerning research on forms, manifestations and effects of censorship related to the XXth century German literature have been considered.
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Wong, Mathew Y. H., and Ying-ho Kwong. "Academic Censorship in China: The Case of The China Quarterly." PS: Political Science & Politics 52, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096518002093.
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ABSTRACTThe recent censorship requests made by Chinese authorities to Western academic publishers have sent shockwaves throughout the academic world. This article examines the high-profile The China Quarterly incident as a case in point. Because the censorship is expected to be followed by similar demands to other publications, it is important for the academic community to explore the logic behind it. This research article provides a preliminary analysis of publications on the censorship list and compares them to uncensored articles on similar themes. This exercise allows us to draw important insights. Theoretically, this article makes an original contribution by going beyond the censorship within to outside China. Empirically, it offers a comprehensive analysis of what China wants to censor and the context for its actions.
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DZIHORA, KYRYL. "CENSORSHIP IN SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A SOCIAL PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS." Skhid, no. 1(2) (July 1, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.1(2).236144.
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The article clarifies the socio-philosophical nature of censorship, the methods of its action and the restrictions it may impose on the information presented on social networks. Using specific examples from the work of social networks, the author argues that censorship creates the availability of information. The problem of user's subjectivity in the virtual space have been described. The complexity and contradiction of the phenomenon of censorship on the Internet have been disclosed. Technical, non-technical and indirect methods of implementing censorship frameworks for information in cyberspace have been analyzed. The technical methods are described in more detail in the article. They were grouped according to the following classification: methods that slow down the operation of services; methods that block the activity of services; methods that block information with human participation; methods that block information using algorithms; marking information as unreliable It is stated that censorship today complicates access to information instead of completely blocking it. The problem of new type of censorship on the Internet created by the recommendation systems have been considered. It is noted that the use of these systems enhances the subjectivity of users, and leads to the creation of echo cameras. Thus, the research hypothesis stating that “availability of information generates censorship” was confirmed with the above arguments and examples from the work of social networks.
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Andre Yeshammah Wicaksono and Andy Bangkit Setiawan. "Causes of Self-Censorship in the Japanese Mass Media." International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology (ICESST) 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/icesst.v2i2.286.
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This study analyzes the causes of self-censorship in the Japanese mass media. Japan is now considered a country that has low press freedom. Approved by PM Koizumi`s cabinet in 2002 against a bill banning excessive reporting activities which caused strong protests from newspapers and broadcasters. The purpose of this research is to explain the causes of self-censorship in the Japanese mass media. This study uses qualitative research methods with the Thematic Analysis Approach approach and model of analysis data taken in The Journalist series. The conclusion of this study is that the Japanese mass media exercise self-censorship due to pressure from outsiders which makes it difficult for them to present the news and sources who refuse to be interviewed.
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Proenço de Oliveira, Juliana. "CONTEXTOS DE CENSURA ÀS ARTES VISUAIS NO BRASIL: DUAS APROXIMAÇÕES / Visual arts censorship contexts in Brazil: two approaches." arte e ensaios 26, no. 40 (December 2, 2020): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37235/ae.n40.14.
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Esta pesquisa propõe aproximar o “contexto” de censura às artes visuais no Brasil após 2017 ao da ditadura militar (1964–1985). Na ditadura, a censura agia via um órgão estatal oficial, extinto em 1988. Ainda assim, pode-se divisar um "contexto" atual de censura pela profusão de casos ocorridos desde 2017. Se, no passado, censurar era ato exclusivo de funcionários estatais específicos; representantes públicos, privados e até indivíduos censuraram obras de arte nos últimos anos. No curso da análise, surgem indagações sobre o perfil político ou moral da censura nos dois contextos estudados e sobre a capacidade de ambos gerarem autocensura. Argumento comum hoje é o de que a censura não passa de uma “cortina de fumaça” para interesses políticos. Urge cogitar que se lida com algo menos efêmero do que fumaça, cuja dispersão exigirá esforços concretos.Palavras-chave: Censura às artes visuais no Brasil; Ditadura militar; Órgãos estatais de censura; Censura política; Censura moral.Abstract This research proposes to approximate the “context” of censorship to visual arts in Brazil after 2017 to that of the military dictatorship (1964–1985). In the dictatorship, censorship acted via an official state institution, which was extinguished in 1988. Still, one can see a current "context" of censorship by the profusion of cases that have occurred since 2017. If, in the past, censoring was the exclusive act of specific state officials; public and private representatives and even individuals have censored works of art in recent years. In the course of the analysis, questions arise about the political or moral profile of censorship in each of the studied contexts and about the capacity of both to generate self-censorship. A common argument today is that censorship is nothing more than a “smokescreen” for political interests. There is an urgent need to consider dealing with something less ephemeral than smoke, the dispersal of which will require concrete efforts.Keywords: Censorship of visual arts in Brazil; Military dictatorship; State censorship; Political censorship; Moral censorship.
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Chen, Ling-chieh. "Censorship and the Postal Service in China during World War One." British Journal of Chinese Studies 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51661/bjocs.v13i1.150.
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This paper focuses on the first state-organised nationwide postal censorship in China during World War I (WWI). The war had far-reaching effects on China, both in terms of the subsequent development of the internal political situation and her international relations. Although scholars share a meaningful view of China’s ‘internationalisation’ during and after WWI, the immediate impact on China is rarely discussed. One area where the war did have a significant effect was Sino-European postal communication, as this was probably the first time that mail was subjected to censorship in China. This research draws on material from the diplomatic archives to discuss how the nationwide postal censorship was established in China and how it impacted the public during the war. It argues that WWI was a crucial moment for the Chinese government in establishing a comprehensive and nationwide system of postal censorship. Censorship was a government policy for war purposes and, most of all, something that was requested by both China’s allies and enemies. This article suggests that this form of censorship during and after WWI overall reflects both that the Chinese government regarded it as a strategy to prevent information leakage, but that it was also a useful tool in domestic policy and diplomacy.
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Voropaev, Vladimir A. "Gogol, Authorities and Censorship in the New Monograph by I. A. Vinogradov." Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, no. 4 (2021): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-198-205.
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The review describes a new monographic study by I. A. Vinogradov, published in 2021, on the relationship between Gogol and the censorship of his time. The scale, depth, scientific thoroughness of the book of the scientist, who presented the censorship histories of N. V. Gogol’s works with numerous details, is noted. I. A. Vinogradov thoroughly refutes the ideologized approach in illuminating the issue of the relationship between the writer and the official censorship, reveals the complex and ambiguous relationship of Gogol with the censorship department, illustrates the specifics of the government’s literary policy, explains the importance of the personality of the censor in the process of working with a literary text. The monograph overcomes stereotypical ideas about the possibilities and boundaries of cooperation between the state and the individual, about the existence of an insurmountable barrier between the artist’s self-expression, his civic position and state policy. I. A. Vinogradov presents the topic of the relationship between the writer and censorship in a volumetric and multifaceted manner, asserting it as one of the most important areas of research in modern literary criticism.
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Guðmundsson, Birgir. "Sjálfsritskoðun íslenskra blaðamanna." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2015.11.1.4.
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The discussion on media self-censorship has flourished in Iceland after the attacks on the Charlie Hebdo editorial offices in January 2015 and after some dramatic changes in the top management and owner-groups of some of the media firms. But what is this experience that journalists describe as self censorship? This paper attempts to answer two main research questions. On the one hand the question how journalists understand the concept of selfcensorship. On the other hand the question: what is the experience of Icelandic journalist of self-censorship? The approach is the one of a qualitative research and is based on interviews with six experienced journalists. The main findings suggest important influence of the social discourse on news and news values of journalists and their tendency for self-censorship. This discourse is partly directed by politicians and influential bloggers and also by a massive discussion by active social media users. Furthermore the findings suggest, that ownership and the location of the particular medium where a journalist works in the lineup of different commercial-political blocks in the media market, is important for self-censorship. Finally it seems that journalists understand the concept selfcensorship in a different manner and that it is important to define the term carefully if it is to be used as an analytical tool.
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Leland, Christine H., and Sara E. Bangert. "Encouraging Activism Through Art: Preservice Teachers Challenge Censorship." Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice 68, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381336919870272.
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According to the American Library Association, book censorship is on the rise. While many censored books are adolescent novels, some titles for younger children are challenged as well. Books dealing with difficult social issues have been targets for censors historically, but recent attacks have focused on books portraying members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and other sexual identities (LGBTQ+) community. The goal of this qualitative study was to build prospective teachers’ (PTs’) knowledge of censorship while also providing an opportunity for them to take a sociopolitical stance. Students in a children’s literature course read source materials and reacted by creating a transmediation that used some form of art. Lenses for data analysis included qualitative research, critical discourse analysis, and visual discourse analysis. The first major theme focused on freedom and democracy and the threat censorship poses. Within this category, two subthemes were identified: (1) children having freedom to learn about real-world issues and (2) children having freedom to read books that meet their personal needs. A second major theme focused on how PTs thought people should respond to censorship. Responses expressing fear and/or confusion about censorship were coded as demonstrating a teacher dilemma, while examples showing a challenge to censorship were coded as demonstrating resistance. Findings indicate that PTs were shocked by what they learned about censorship, and many of them engaged in culture jamming, which involves using the arts to challenge oppressive systems. Many used art to critique censorship and advocate for children’s rights. This study challenges the common cultural assumption that teaching is an apolitical or neutral activity.
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Saro, Anneli. "Nõukogude tsensuuri mehhanismid, stateegiad ja tabuteemad Eesti teatris [Abstract: Mechanisms, strategies and taboo topics of Soviet censorship in Estonian theatre]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2018.4.02.
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Abstract: Mechanisms, strategies and taboo topics of Soviet censorship in Estonian theatre
Since theatre in the Soviet Union had to be first of all a propaganda and educational institution, the activity, repertoire and every single production of the theatre was subject to certain ideological and artistic prescriptions. Theatre artists were not subject to any official regulations regarding forbidden topics or ways of representation, thus the nature of censorship manifested itself to them in practice. Lists of forbidden authors and works greatly affected politics related to repertoire until the mid-1950s but much less afterwards. Research on censorship is hampered by the fact that it was predominately oral, based on phone or face-to-face conversations, and corresponding documentation has been systematically destroyed.
This article is primarily based on memoirs and research conducted by people who were active in the Soviet theatre system. It systematises the empirical material into four parts: 1) mechanisms of censorship, 2) forms and strategies, 3) counter-strategies against censorship and 4) taboo topics. Despite the attempt to map theatre censorship in Estonia after the Second World War (1945–1990), most of the material concerns the period from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. This can be explained by the age of the respondents, but it can also be related to the fact that the Soviet control system became more liberal or ambiguous after the Khrushchev thaw encouraged theatre artists and officials to test the limits of freedom.
The mechanisms of theatre censorship were multifaceted. Ideological correctness and the artistic maturity of repertoire and single productions were officially controlled by the Arts Administration (1940–1975) and afterwards by the Theatre Administration (1975–1990) under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Performing rights for new texts were allocated by the Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs (Glavlit): texts by foreign authors were approved by the central office in Moscow, and texts by local authors were approved by local offices. The third censorship agency was the artistic committee that operated in every single theatre. Nevertheless, the most powerful institution was the Department of Culture of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia, whose influence on artistic issues had to be kept confidential by the parties involved. On top of all this, there was the hidden power and omnipresent network of agents of the Committee for State Security (KGB). Some audience members also acted as self-appointed censors. The network and system of censorship made the control system almost total and permanent, also enforcing self-censorship.
Forms of censorship can be divided into preventive and punitive censorship, and strategies into direct and indirect censorship. Soviet censorship institutions mostly applied preventive censorship to plays or parts of productions, but hardly any production was cancelled before its premiere because that would have had undesirable financial consequences. Punitive censorship after the premiere was meant for correcting mistakes when the political climate changed or if a censor had been too reckless/lenient/clever, or if actors/audiences had started emphasising implicit meanings. Preventive censorship was predominantly direct and punitive censorship indirect (compelling directors to change mise en scènes or prescribing the number of performances). Indirect censorship can be characterised by ambiguity and allusions. A distinction can be made between preventive and punitive censorship in the context of single productions, but when forbidden authors, works or topics were involved, these two forms often merged.
The plurality of censorship institutions or mechanisms, and shared responsibility led to a playful situation where parties on both sides of the front line were constantly changing, enabling theatre artists to use different counter-strategies against censorship. Two main battlefields were the mass media and meetings of the artistic committees, where new productions were introduced. The most common counter-strategies were the empowerment of productions and directors with opinions from experts and public figures (used also as a tool of censorship), providing ideologically correct interpretations of productions, overstated/insincere self-criticism on the part of theatre artists, concealing dangerous information (names of authors, original titles of texts, etc.), establishing relationships based on mutual trust with representatives of censorship institutions for greater artistic freedom, applying for help from central institutions of the Soviet Union against local authorities, and delating on censors. At the same time, a censor could fight for freedom of expression or a critic could work ambivalently as support or protection.
In addition to forbidden authors whose biography, world view or works were unacceptable to Soviet authorities, there was an implicit list of dangerous topics: criticism of the Soviet Union as a state and a representative of the socialist way of life, positive representations of capitalist countries and their lifestyles, national independence and symbols of the independent Republic of Estonia (incl. blue-black-white colour combinations), idealisation of the past and the bourgeoisie, derogation of the Russian language and nation, violence and harassment by Soviet authorities, pessimism and lack of positive character, religious propaganda, sexuality and intimacy. When comparing the list of forbidden topics with analogous ones in other countries, for example in the United Kingdom where censorship was abolished in 1968, it appears that at a general level the topics are quite similar, but priorities are reversed: Western censorship was dealing with moral issues while its Eastern counterpart was engaged with political issues.
It can be concluded that all censorship systems are somehow similar, embracing both the areas of restrictions and the areas of freedom and role play, providing individuals on both sides of the front line with opportunities to interpret and embody their roles according their world view and ethics. Censorship of arts is still an issue nowadays, even when it is hidden or neglected.
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Gauna Quiroz, Jair Jose. "Memorias subterráneas y mecanismos de censura: Exposiciones de arte, ‘El Tercer Mundo’ en Venezuela y ‘Queermuseu’ en Brasil." Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 32 (June 18, 2024): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1982-02672024v32e15.
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Censorship occurs in contexts where dominant discourses establish the invisibility of subterranean memories; thus, artworks act as vehicles of memories by their external symbols. The research presents case studies on the censorship of the individual exhibition ‘El Tercer Mundo’ by MAx Provenzano at the Museum of Art in Valencia, Venezuela, and the unexpected closure of the collective exhibition ‘Queermuseu: Cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira’ at the Santander Cultural in Brazil, in the years 2015 and 2017, respectively. The mechanisms of censorship were analyzed to identify subterranean memories in art exhibitions, as discursive practices to determine control over cultural memory through power conflicts. Furthermore, discursive and ideological formations were analyzed to understand the elements behind the acts of censorship, in order to understand divergent narratives reflecting on the different identities and memories of Latin American regions.
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Yeager, Matthew G. "Getting the usual treatment: research censorship and the dangerous offender." Contemporary Justice Review 11, no. 4 (December 2008): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580802482645.
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Negash, Girma. "Resistant Art and Censorship in Africa." Peace Review 15, no. 2 (June 2003): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650307607.
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García López, Sonia. "Caza de brujas en las aulas: La censura española en la Escuela Oficial de Cinematografía." Studies in Spanish & Latin-American Cinemas 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/slac_00069_1.
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This article analyses the relation between the Escuela Oficial de Cinematografía (EOC), censorship and the Spanish filmmaking industry during the Franco dictatorship. Founded in 1947, the EOC was an oasis in which students saw, were taught and made films that could never be shown on Spanish screens at the time. Nevertheless, in the last years of the dictatorship, the students of the school were subject to harassment that ended up curtailing their careers. Based on archival research (files about the censorship and scripts, as well as interviews), this article offers a historical analysis of censorship and the EOC that has not been previously explored.
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Byeon, Sangho, Sungeun Chung, and Borae Jin. "Self-censorship on large corporations in SNS: the effect of news exposure, knowledge, and perceived power." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 19, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2016-0009.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether citizens censor their own expressions regarding large corporations in social networking sites (SNS) and how self-censorship is associated with the perceived power of, knowledge about and media exposure about large corporations. Design/methodology/approach A nationwide survey was conducted in South Korea (N = 455). The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Findings As exposure to news about large corporations increased, the degree of self-censorship regarding large corporations increased. This effect of media exposure on self-censorship was mediated by the amount of knowledge about large corporations and the perceived power of large corporations. Research limitations/implications Although this study focused on the SNS context, the results of this study cannot provide the features of the self-censorship process that are distinct in SNS compared to other contexts. Although a causal model was provided based on theoretical reasoning, the nature of the data is correlational. Thus, one should be cautious when interpreting the results. Practical implications The findings suggest that, while establishing privacy protection policies with regard to the SNS, policy makers need to consider how to prevent invasion of privacy and misuse of personal data by large corporations, interest groups and the unspecified public. Originality/value This study extends the literature related to self-censorship by identifying the effects of economic power and the psychological factors involved in self-censorship.