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Marzano, Annalisa. "A STUDY OF IMPERIAL ESTATES - (M.) Maiuro Res Caesaris. Ricerche sulla proprietà imperiale nel Principato. (Pragmateiai 23.) Pp. 482. Bari: Edipuglia, 2012. Cased, €70. ISBN: 978-88-7228-655-5." Classical Review 64, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x1400016x.
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Small, Alastair M. "A major study of imperial estates in Italy - MARCO MAIURO , RES CAESARIS. RICERCHE SULLA PROPRIETÀ IMPERIALE NEL PRINCIPATO (Pragmateiai 23; Edipuglia, Bari 2012). Pp. 482, Tables. ISBN 978-88-7228-655-5." Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104775941400169x.
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Rafferty, David. "Caesar’s First Consulship and Rome’s Democratic Decay." Klio 104, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 619–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2021-0027.
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Summary This article argues for the usefulness of recent scholarship on democratic decay (especially in the disciplines of political science and constitutional law) for explaining the breakdown of Rome’s res publica during the 50s BCE, with a particular focus on Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s “How Democracies Die” (2018). Using “democracy” in the neo-republican sense of government free from domination, Levitsky and Ziblatt show how the actions and reactions of political actors can damage a political system without any intention to overthrow it. This article combines their insights with concepts from Christian Meier’s “Res Publica Amissa” (2nd edition 1980) to analyse Caesar’s first consulship in 59 BCE. After explaining how the theory can responsibly be applied, it closely examines the major events of the year, especially the contest over the agrarian law. Caesar’s actions throughout the year demonstrate Levitsky and Ziblatt’s warning signs for a potential authoritarian, as do those of the opposition. This analysis helps us more clearly understand just how the events of “the consulship of Julius and Caesar” (Suet. Iul. 20.2) contributed to Rome’s democratic decay in succeeding years. The article connects to much recent work on late-republican political institutions. It also helps make this dramatic period of Roman history comprehensible to political scientists by analysing it in their own theoretical terms.
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Burhan, Samsi, Agusrinal, Ika Sartika, and Asmurti. "Risk Factors of Sectio Caesarea Delivery at Djafar Harun Hospital." MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/212.
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The number of mothers giving birth with sectio caesarae delivery at BLUD R.S H.M Djafar Harun North Kolaka in 2015 was 254 people, then increased in 2016 to 521 people. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of Sectio Caesarea delivery at H.M Djafar Harun Hospital, North Kolaka. This type of research is an analytic observational study with a case-control study approach. The study population was 68 with a sample of 136 people using the Accidental Sampling Technique. Data analysis using the Odds Ratio test. The results of the risk analysis based on narrow pelvic factors showed the value of OR= 9,681; LL= 2,728; UL= 34,355, and then placenta previa factor showed the value of OR= 6,484; LL= 0,759; UL= 55,385. In conclusion, narrow pelvis is a strong risk factor and placenta previa is not a strong risk factor for Sectio Caesarea delivery. It is hoped that the hospital will seek to identify high-risk pregnancies, complications or pregnancy abnormalities so that they can be detected early so that they are able to more optimally handle complications during childbirth.
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Paleit, E. "The 'Caesarist' Reader and Lucan's Bellum Ciuile, CA. 1590 to 1610." Review of English Studies 62, no. 254 (September 17, 2010): 212–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgq088.
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Hidayah, Noor, Septi Marsiningsih, and Ummi Kulsum. "EFEKTIVITAS JUS JAMBU BIJI MERAH TERHADAP KADAR LEUKOSIT DARAH PADA PASIEN PASCA OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 9, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v9i2.468.
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Latar belakang: Proses penyembuhan pasien post sectio caesarea pada fase inflamasi terjadi perubahan hematologi yaitu leukosit meningkat, peningkatan sampai puncaknya pada level 14.000-16.000/ul.proses tersebut bisa berlangsung dan beresiko infeksi jika factor – factor di luar tubuh tidak di kendalikan dengan baik. Salah satu cara untuk mengendlikan kadar leukosit agar tidak terjadi infeksi yaitu mengkomsumsi makanan sehat yang mengandung anti inflamasi yaitu flavonoid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minum jus jambu terhadap kadar leukosit darah pada pasien post sectio caesarea. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasy experiment dengan pendekatan waktu secara cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 10 kelompok intervensi dan 10 kelompok kontrol diambil secara simple random sampling. Subyek penelitian adalah pasien post sectio di ruang Dahlia RS Raden Soedjati Purwodadi yang di cek kadar leukosit pretest dan posttest. Analisa data mengunakan Uji Paired T Test dan Wilcoxon. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kelompok kontrol didapatkan hasil Uji Paired T Test yang hasil probabilitas/sig.(2-tailed)=0,294 maka p> 0,05 artinya tidak ada pengaruh terhadap leukosit yang tidak minum jus jambu. Dari hasil statistik pada kelompok perlakuan diperoleh hasil statistik wilcoxon yaitu Asymp.sig.(2-tailed)=0,093, maka p>0,05 yang artinya tidak ada ada pengaruh minum jus jambu terhadap kadar leukosit. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh jus jambu biji merah terhadap kadar leukosit darah pada pasien post sectio caesarea di ruang Dahlia Rs Raden Soedjati Purwodadi. Saran dari penelitian bahwa pemberian jus jambu dapat digunakan, namun ternyata tidak spesifik membantu penurunan leukosit pasien post Sectoi Caesaria. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya dengan menambahkan variable yang lain selain dari factor makanan untuk melihat yng lebih berpengaruh terhadap pengendalian leukosit. Kata kunci : Pasien Post SC, Leukosit, Jus Jambu Biji Merah. ABSTRACT Background: In post-sectio caesarea patients there is an inflammatory phase in which hematologic changes are increased leukocytes that increase to peak to 14,000-16.000 / ul. One way to lower levels of leukocytes is to consume healthy foods that contain anti-inflammatory flavonoids. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of drinking guava juice to blood leukocyte levels in patients with post-sectio caesarea. Method: This research type was quasy experiment with time approach in cross sectional with 10 samples of intervention group and 10 control group was taken by simple random sampling. The subjects of the study were post-sectio patients in the Dahlia Rs Raden Soedjati Purwodadi room that checked the pretest and posttest leukocyte levels. Data analysis using Paired T Test and Wilcoxon Test. Result: Based on the result of the control group research, the result of Paired T Test with probability result (2-tailed) = 0.294 then p> 0,05 means that there is no effect to leukocytes that do not drink guava juice. From the statistical results in the treatment group obtained wilcoxon statistic that is Asymp.sig. (2-tailed) = 0,093, then p> 0,05 meaning there is no influence drinking guava juice to leukocyte level. Conclusion: There is no effect of red guava juice to blood leukocyte level in post-sectio caesarea patient in space Dahlia Rs Raden Soedjati Purwodadi. Suggestions from the study that guava juice can be used as one of the preferred drinkable beverages to help lower leukocyte levels in post-sectio caesarea patients and can be used as a reference for subsequent studies in surgical patients for surgical reasons due to an infection marked by increased leukocyte.
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Klooster, Jacqueline. "De Res Gestae en de politieke autobiografie van de Late Republiek." Lampas 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2019.3.006.kloo.
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Summary This article places the Res Gestae of Augustus against the background of political autobiographies written during the civil wars of the Late Republic. I will look in particular at (fragments) of the autobiographical writings of Sulla, Cicero, Caesar and Augustus himself, in order to get a better grip on the specific characteristics of the Res Gestae.
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Romuald, Randriamahavonjy, Rakotozanany Besaina, Ibrahim Housni, Rakotonirina Martial, Rakotoson Koloina Tiphaine, and Hery Rakotovao Andrianampanalirivo. "Evaluation of urgent caesarian according to colour code at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Obstetric Gynecology in Antananarivo Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192407.
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Background: Color code was described for the first time in 2003 was described for the first time in 2003 by since and al. The objective of this study was to accomplish urgent caesarian sections according to color code over delays indications-births (DIN) in Motherhood Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar.Methods: It was about a longitudinal prospective, analytical study of caesarian sections performed in emergency in CHUGOB going from June 1st till December 31st, 2017.Results: Authors took a census 193 caesarian sections of emergency. Among these patients 28 (14.50%) had a caesarian section encode red, 42 (21.76%) an orange code and 123 (63.73%) a green code. The medium age of the patients was of 26.4 years and that of the gestation was of 37SA and 6 days. The delay indication-birth (DIN) medium was of 102.9 minutes for red code, 99.7 minutes for orange code and 75 minutes for green code.Conclusions: Authors could not attain DIN of 30 minutes shape in international recommendations. Authors must improve the delay indication entered in the surgical unit by reinforcing knowledge of the agents of support on the management of emergency obstetrical. The possibility of leading to a very quick birth is an indisputable progress in obstetrics but she should not make forget risks inherent in such procedure.
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Krebs, Christopher B. "CAESAR, LUCRETIUS AND THE DATES OF DE RERUM NATURA AND THE COMMENTARII." Classical Quarterly 63, no. 2 (November 8, 2013): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838813000244.
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In February 54 b.c. Cicero concludes a missive to his brother with a passing and – for us – tantalizing remark: Lucreti poemata ut scribis ita sunt, multis luminibus ingeni, multae tamen artis. sed cum veneris. virum te putabo si Sallusti Empedoclea legeris; hominem non putabo. Quintus had, it seems, read De rerum natura, or at least parts thereof, just before he left Rome for an undisclosed location nearby, and he shared his enthusiasm with his brother per codicillos. Meanwhile, he was corresponding with Julius Caesar, whose staff in Gaul he was about to join. When, a few months later, he was stationed with Caesar, he was involved in another literary affair, this time concerning his brother who wrote to him, inquiring about his autobiographical De temporibus suis: quo modo nam, mi frater, de nostris versibus Caesar? nam primum librum se legisse scripsit ad me ante, et prima sic ut neget se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse; reliqua ad quendam locum ῥᾳθυμότερα (hoc enim utitur verbo). dic mihi verum: num aut res eum aut χαρακτὴρ non delectat?(Q. fr. 2.15.5)
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Nabel, Jake. "VENUS’ BOOTS AND THE SHADOW OF CAESAR IN BOOK 1 OF VIRGIL'S AENEID." Classical Quarterly 65, no. 2 (September 2, 2015): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838815000178.
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uirginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram,purpureoque alte suras uincire cothurno.It is customary for us Tyrian girls to carry a quiverand to lace our calves up high in red boots.(Verg. Aen. 1.336–7) With these words a disguised Venus explains the accessories of her costume to Aeneas and Achates shortly after the Trojan landing in North Africa. Even detailed commentaries on this passage overlook an important feature: the lines contain a reference to Julius Caesar, who claimed descent from Venus and made a political point of wearing red boots during his dictatorship. This allusion to Caesar connects in significant ways to adjoining passages of the first book of the Aeneid.
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de Jonge, Casper. "De sobere stijl van Augustus." Lampas 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2019.3.008.dejo.
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Summary This article examines the rhetorical style of Augustus' Res Gestae. Ancient sources, including Suetonius (Life of Augustus 86), describe Augustus' style in terms of elegantia and temperantia. These qualities are indeed characteristic of the style of the emperor's private letters (of which some fragments survive) and the Res Gestae. Augustus' style was influenced by his great uncle Julius Caesar and his Greek teacher of rhetoric Apollodorus of Pergamon. There are striking parallels between the ancient descriptions of Augustus' style and the theories of style in Greek rhetorical treatises of Augustan Rome. In adopting a sober style, Augustus aimed at presenting himself with the authority of a moderate man, who was to be admired throughout the empire.
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Regent, Nikola. "Sallust, Machiavelli and the Divorce of virtus from res publica*." English Historical Review 135, no. 575 (August 2020): 775–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa254.
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Abstract Montesquieu famously stated that virtue is the principle of republican government. This article examines how virtue is dissociated from res publica in the works of Sallust, the great Roman republican historian, and Machiavelli, usually regarded as the central figure of the republican tradition. Both thinkers cut the crucial link between virtue and republic, ascribing the former to the main villain of the tradition, Caesar. Furthermore, virtue is simultaneously dissociated from being bonus/buono, a good man/good citizen. The paper examines Sallust’s idea of virtus, and then demonstrates how closely Machiavelli follows him, and how he reaches a similar conclusion. Implications for understanding Machiavelli’s virtù within a framework of republics are shown: it is impossible for a citizen to exhibit virtue and remain good in a truly corrupted republic—in such circumstances one can become virtuous only by working against the public good/res publica.
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Haugen, Kristine Louise. "Aristotle My Beloved: Poetry, Diagnosis, and the Dreams of Julius Caesar Scaliger*." Renaissance Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2007): 819–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2007.0278.
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AbstractNotoriously Aristotelian in his poetic theory, linguistics, and natural philosophy, Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) also reimagined the lost love poetry that Aristotle himself was said to have written. Scaliger'sNew Epigramsof 1533 combine a distinctively humanist view of Aristotle as an elegant polymath with a sustained experiment in refashioning the Petrarchan love lyric. Most visibly in poems about dreams and dreaming, Scaliger educes his speaker's erotic despair from philosophical problems in contemporary Aristotelian accounts of the soul, knowledge, and personal identity. The strange but compelling texts that result form a crossroads for Scaliger's own identities as physician, philosopher, and poet.
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Endo, Naoki, Wanwisa Fangfuk, Daisuke Sakuma, Cherdchai Phosri, Norihisa Matsushita, Masaki Fukuda, and Akiyoshi Yamada. "Taxonomic consideration of the Japanese red-cap Caesar's mushroom based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses." Mycoscience 57, no. 3 (May 2016): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.01.005.
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Fanniyah, Fanniyah, and Ruddi Hartono. "Hypervolemic Hemodilution as a Management During Predicted Massive Bleeding Sectio Caesarea in Placenta Accreta Patient." Journal of Anaesthesia and Pain 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jap.2022.003.01.04.
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Background: Placenta accreta represents one of the most morbidity conditions in modern obstetrics, with high hemorrhage rates, hysterectomy, and intensive care unit admission. Alternative management during intraoperative bleeding is haemodilution. There are two techniques in hemodilution, including autonomic normovolemic hemodilution and hypervolemic hemodilution. Case: A gravida patient, physical status ASA II with a suspected placenta accreta was planned for a cesarean section. Hypervolemic hemodilution was conducted to anticipate bleeding. Hemodilution was performed with a total fluid of 2000 ml. Total bleeding during surgery is 3500 ml. Close monitoring of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) was conducted. The initial Hb and Hct were 9.9 mg/dl and 29.8%. Hb and Hct post-haemodilution 5.7 mg/dl, and 17.1%. Postoperatively, Hb and Hct become 5.4 mg/dl and 16.6%. The patient has been given 450 ml packed red cells (PRC) blood transfusion. The patient was observed in the intensive care unit for 24 hours postoperatively and was subsequently transferred to the ward. The total bleeding was 3500 ml, and there was a reduction of Hb from 5.7 to 5.4 and Hct from 17.7% to 16.6%. Conclusion: In this case, hemodilution was proven effective based on the post-hemodilution and post-hemorrhage Hb and Hct. Hemodilution may be alternative management during intraoperative hemorrhage. However, the anticipation and effect that might arise from hemodilution should be considered.
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Sarkina, I. S., and I. V. Stavichenko. "Annotated list of macromycetes of the «Ayudag Mountain» landscape reserve." Title in english, no. 10 (December 19, 2019): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2413-3019-2019-10-44-60.
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The first annotated list of macromycetes of the «Ayudag Mountain» State Nature landscape reserve is presented in this article. There are 196 species and 5 varieties, 13 from which are new to Crimea. 7 species are included in Red Books of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol: Amanita caesarea , Boletus regius , Ganoderma lucidum , Hericium erinaceus , Lactarius chrysorrheus , Phaeolepiota aurea , Rubroboletus satanas ; Hericium erinaceus is included in Appendix I to the Berne Convention.
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GTamomh, Abdelhakam, Wafa Fadul, Atif Ahmed, and Ahmed Ibn Edriss Mohamed. "Pattern of admission and outcome of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of alobaid pediatrics teaching hospital-North Kordofan state, Sudan." Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care 12, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2022.12.00467.
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Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality in our country is high; In order to improve neonatal outcome, it is crucial to identify the areas where health care can be improved. Therefore, studying the pattern of admission and outcome among neonates can be a valuable tool in auditing hospital performance. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional hospital based study. This study was covered all neonates fulfills case definition; admitted to NICU of Alobaid pediatric teaching hospital during the period from November 2020 to April. Results: the study show the pattern of admission and outcome among neonates with sample size of 750, most of them admitted at the first 24 hours of birth (94%), (70.8%) were term and almost the half of neonates had birth weight less than 2.5 kg (42.1%). The majority of the admitted neonates were delivered via caesarian-section (62.8%). Moreover, the most common cause of admission among them was prematurity and especially RDS (29%), neonatal sepsis (16.5%) and TTN (14%).About tow third of admitted neonates were discharge on good condition (70%) and the overall mortality was 152 neonates (20.4%). Additionally gestational age, maternal complication and antenatal care follow-up were found to be significantly associated with the neonatal outcome. Conclusion: prematurity, RDS and neonatal sepsis were most common cause of admission and death, all these etiologies are preventable up to some extent, and if detected earlier can be effectively treated in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. As (62.8%) of admitted neonates were delivered via caesarian-section, a revisit for the indications of cesarean deliveries may help to improve the neonatal outcome.
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Kafi, Pegah, and Carl Swartling. "Cutaneous endometriosis presented in a 43-year-old woman’s caesarian scar." Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal 13, no. 6 (November 18, 2022): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2022.13.00675.
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Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare skin condition with the presence of endometrial tissue in the skin. The condition most often affect fertile women and symptoms typically include cyclical tenderness, pain or itch of the tissue during ovulation and menstruation. We report a 43-year-old woman who presented with a red papule in a caesarian scar, with recurring tenderness and pain following ovulation and menstruation. Histopathological findings from a punch biopsy showed the presence of dermal endometrial glands surrounded by cytogenic stroma and blood. An immunohistochemical analysis further supported the diagnosis with ER-positive glands and CD-10+ stroma. The patient was referred to a gynecological ward where a hormonal spiral was inserted. This hormonal therapy reduced the patient’s clinical symptoms and improved her quality of life. Significance: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon skin condition with the presence of ovarian tissue on the skin. It most often affects fertile women and cause skin tissue to becomes tender and painful during ovulation and menstruation. This can have a great impact on the patient’s quality of life. Treatment options include hormonal therapy and surgery.
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Conley, Thomas M. "No Way to Pick a Fight: A Note on J. C. Scaliger's First Oratio contra Erasmum." Rhetorica 26, no. 3 (2008): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.255.
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Abstract In 1531, Julius Caesar Scaliger published his Oratio pro M. Tullio Cicerone contra Des. Erasmum, a scathing attack on Erasmus occasioned by the publication three years earlier of Erasmus's Dialogus Ciceronianus sive de optimo dicendi genere, which, in turn, had attacked the proponents of the view that Cicero was the best and only model for good Latin rhetorical style. Erasmus never responded in print to Scaliger's vituperative “oration” (in reality, a pamphlet meant to be circulated among the literati). This paper argues that Erasmus did not respond because Scaliger's insults were so vile and beside the point that they did not deserve serious attention. A rhetorical re-reading of the Oratio provides some insight into the “proper” conduct of insults more generally, especially as they are meant as vehicles for “upward mobility” in a Res publica litteraria.
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Legwaila, Thabo. "Regspraak: When Caesar must pay, Caesar must pay – the withholding of tax refunds by the South African Revenue Service." Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2022, no. 1 (2022): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/tsar/2022/i1a11.
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Die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (SAID) is verantwoordelik vir die administrasie en invordering van belasting. Ten einde hierdie mandaat effektief te verwesenlik, het die SAID verreikende magte kragtens Deel 1 van die Wet op die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens 34 van 1997. Dit gebeur dikwels dat belastingbetalers meer aan die SAID betaal as die verskuldigde belasting of dat terughoudingsagente, soos werkgewers of die betalers van rente, dividende ensovoorts, meer as die verskuldigde belasting invorder en oorbetaal aan die SAID. Dit veroorsaak ’n situasie waar die SAID die oortollige bedrag aan die belastingbetaler moet terugbetaal. Artikel 190 van die Wet op Belastingadministrasie 28 van 2011, wat gemoeid is met die terugbetalings van oorbetalings, bepaal dat die SAID ’n terugbetaling, wat rente insluit, moet maak indien ’n persoon geregtig is op die terugbetaling omdat die bedrag behoorlik terugbetaalbaar is kragtens ’n belastingwet en dit so aangetoon word in ’n aanslag of die bedrag wat betaal is meer is as die bedrag betaalbaar volgens die aanslag. Die SAID hoef egter nie ’n terugbetaling te magtig totdat ’n verifikasie, inspeksie, oudit of strafregtelike ondersoek van die terugbetaling afgehandel is nie. In die Rappa Resources-saak het die hof die situasie oorweeg waar ’n belastingbetaler geregtig was op ’n terugbetaling vanaf die SAID, maar die SAID nie die terugbetaling tydig gemaak het nie omrede die belastingbetaler aan ’n oudit onderworpe was. Die hof het bevind dat die SAID die oudit onnodig vertraag het, wat daartoe gelei het dat die terugbetaling weerhou is. As sulks het die hof bevind dat die SAID die terugbetaling moet maak en die oudit binne ’n redelike tyd moet afhandel. Die hof het egter onbehoorlike klem op die besigheidsmodel van die belastingbetaler geplaas toe dit bevind het dat wanneer die SAID ’n terugbetaling weerhou in gevalle waar dit noodsaaklik is vir die besigheidsmodel van ’n belastingbetaler, soos in hierdie geval, die oudit nie ’n onbepaalde tyd kan neem om gefinaliseer te word nie. In ’n ander saak, Top Watch (Pty) Ltd v The Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service (2018 JDR 1311 (GJ)) het die hof bevind dat die SAID nie kon bewys dat daar ’n uitstaande skuld was nie en daarom kon die SAID nie die terugbetaling weerhou nie. Hierdie vonnisbespreking wys op die SAID se versuim om die behoorlike proses ten opsigte van terugbetalings te volg, die onregverdigheid wat so ’n weerhouding vir belastingbetalers inhou en die rol wat die belastingombudkantoor gespeel het om belastingbetalers by te staan om verskuldigde terugbetalings vanaf die SAID te verkry. Dit dui verder op die SAID se inbreukmaking op belastingbetalers se reg tot finaliteit; die nadelige gevolge wat die weerhouding van terugbetalings op belastingbetalers het; en illustreer, met behulp van ’n vergelykende analise, dat die SAID se verontagsaming van die reg, wat blyk praktyk te wees vir dié belasting invorderaar, heeltemal onregverdigbaar is. Die kort vergelykende analise dui daarop dat die statutêre bepalings nie té beperkend of té problematies vir die SAID is nie.
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Howell, Kristy R., and Theresa L. Powell. "Effects of maternal obesity on placental function and fetal development." Reproduction 153, no. 3 (March 2017): R97—R108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0495.
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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and pregnancies in obese mothers have increased risk for complications including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, pre-term birth and caesarian section. Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are susceptible to develop neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. Changes in placental function not only play a critical role in the development of pregnancy complications but may also be involved in linking maternal obesity to long-term health risks in the infant. Maternal adipokines, i.e., interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin and adiponectin link maternal nutritional status and adipose tissue metabolism to placental function. Adipokines and metabolic hormones have direct impact on placental function by modulating placental nutrient transport. Nutrient delivery to the fetus is regulated by a complex interaction including insulin signaling, cytokine profile and insulin responsiveness, which is modulated by adiponectin and IL-1β. In addition, obese pregnant women are at risk for hypertension and preeclampsia with reduced placental vascularity and blood flow, which would restrict placental nutrient delivery to the developing fetus. These sometimes opposing signals regulating placental function may contribute to the diversity of short and long-term outcomes observed in pregnant obese women. This review focuses on the changes in adipokines and obesity-related metabolic hormones, how these factors influence placental function and fetal development to contribute to long-term metabolic and behavioral consequences of children born to obese mothers.
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DiMatteo, Anthony. "Lisa Hopkins. The Cultural Uses of the Caesars on the English Renaissance Stage. Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2008. vi + 162 pp. index. bibl. $79.95. ISBN: 978–0–7546–6263–1." Renaissance Quarterly 61, no. 4 (2008): 1411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.0.0324.
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Boersma, Hans. "The Sacramental Reading of Nicene Theology: Athanasius and Gregory of Nyssa on Proverbs 8." Journal of Theological Interpretation 10, no. 1 (2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26373984.
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ABSTRACT Both Arian and pro-Nicene theologians saw in the Wisdom of Prov 8 a reference to Christ. This agreement, however, did not produce unanimity about the manner of Christological exegesis. Theologians such as Eusebius of Caesarea and Eunomius of Cyzicus tried to determine the "plain" or "literal" meaning of the text. As a result, they saw in the passage references to a shadowy figure, called "Wisdom," whom God had "created," "established," or "begotten" (Prov 8) long before time began—a figure that became incarnate in Jesus Christ. By contrast, the reading strategy of Marcellus of Ancyra, Athanasius of Alexandria, and Gregory of Nyssa was grounded in the sacramental conviction that the genre of the book of Proverbs demands that we recognize a "hidden" meaning, one that becomes clear to us only in and through God's economic self-revelation in Jesus Christ. A strictly literal, nonsacramental reading of Prov 8 was problematic, according to the pro-Nicene theologians, in that it fails to note the sacramental reality (res) of Christ and his church as really present in the Wisdom passages of the book of Proverbs. By refusing to allegorize, the Arian tradition was unable to discern within the book of Proverbs the doctrinal truth of God's full self-disclosure in Jesus Christ.
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Boersma, Hans. "The Sacramental Reading of Nicene Theology: Athanasius and Gregory of Nyssa on Proverbs 8." Journal of Theological Interpretation 10, no. 1 (2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jtheointe.10.1.0001.
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ABSTRACT Both Arian and pro-Nicene theologians saw in the Wisdom of Prov 8 a reference to Christ. This agreement, however, did not produce unanimity about the manner of Christological exegesis. Theologians such as Eusebius of Caesarea and Eunomius of Cyzicus tried to determine the "plain" or "literal" meaning of the text. As a result, they saw in the passage references to a shadowy figure, called "Wisdom," whom God had "created," "established," or "begotten" (Prov 8) long before time began—a figure that became incarnate in Jesus Christ. By contrast, the reading strategy of Marcellus of Ancyra, Athanasius of Alexandria, and Gregory of Nyssa was grounded in the sacramental conviction that the genre of the book of Proverbs demands that we recognize a "hidden" meaning, one that becomes clear to us only in and through God's economic self-revelation in Jesus Christ. A strictly literal, nonsacramental reading of Prov 8 was problematic, according to the pro-Nicene theologians, in that it fails to note the sacramental reality (res) of Christ and his church as really present in the Wisdom passages of the book of Proverbs. By refusing to allegorize, the Arian tradition was unable to discern within the book of Proverbs the doctrinal truth of God's full self-disclosure in Jesus Christ.
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Caminita, Frank, Marie van der Merwe, Brittany Hance, Ramesh Krishnan, Sarah Miller, Karyl Buddington, and Randal K. Buddington. "A preterm pig model of lung immaturity and spontaneous infant respiratory distress syndrome." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 308, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): L118—L129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00173.2014.
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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia remain the leading causes of preterm infant morbidity, mortality, and lifelong disability. Research to improve outcomes requires translational large animal models for RDS. Preterm pigs delivered by caesarian section at gestation days (GD) 98, 100, 102, and 104 were provided 24 h of neonatal intensive care, monitoring (pulse oximetry, blood gases, serum biomarkers, radiography), and nutritional support, with or without intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV; pressure control ventilation with volume guarantee). Spontaneous development of RDS and mortality without MV are inversely related with GD at delivery and correspond with inadequacy of tidal volume and gas exchange. GD 98 and 100 pigs have consolidated lungs, immature alveolar architecture, and minimal surfactant protein-B expression, and MV is essential at GD 98. Although GD 102 pigs had some alveoli lined by pneumocytes and surfactant was released in response to MV, blood gases and radiography revealed limited recruitment 1–2 h after delivery, and mortality at 24 h was 66% (35/53) with supplemental oxygen provided by a mask and 69% (9/13) with bubble continuous positive airway pressure (8–9 cmH2O). The lungs at GD 104 had higher densities of thin-walled alveoli that secreted surfactant, and MV was not essential. Between GD 98 and 102, preterm pigs have ventilation inadequacies and risks of RDS that mimic those of preterm infants born during the saccular phase of lung development, are compatible with standards of neonatal intensive care, and are alternative to fetal nonhuman primates and lambs.
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Sharon, Nadav. "The Title Ethnarch in Second Temple Period Judea." Journal for the Study of Judaism 41, no. 4-5 (2010): 472–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006310x529254.
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AbstractThe title Ethnarch appears in Second Temple sources in reference to four Judean rulers: Simon the Hasmonean, John Hyrcanus, Hyrcanus II, and Archelaus, son of Herod. This evidence is usually taken for granted. However, a meticulous analysis of the sources shows that we should not rely on the evidence pertaining to the early Hasmoneans (Simon and John Hyrcanus), and it rather seems that the title was first employed only by the Romans (probably Julius Caesar) for Hyrcanus II. The paper further asserts that this title exemplifies a unique perception of the Jewish people by the Romans. Additionally, the paper notes some ramifications that this understanding of the title Ethnarch and the view which it exemplifies may have on certain issues of the Second Temple period.<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0">*</xref>
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Haque, Afroza, MA Baki, Tahmina Begum, Shahida Akhter, Suraiya Begum, and Nazmun Nahar. "Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn Experience in BIRDEM." BIRDEM Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (November 24, 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17122.
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Objectives: Respiratory distress is one of the most common causes of admission in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnoea of newborn, respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. The aim of this study was to identify the etiology of respiratory distress in special care baby unit (SCABU) in BIRDEM General Hospital and to observe the immediate hospital outcome of these babies. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in SCABU, BIRDEM. Data were collected from all patients files admitted in to SCABU during the period from January to December 2011. Results: A total of 562 patients were admitted, among them 192 cases were admitted due to respiratory distress (34.1%). There was male predominance (64.6%). Two third (65.6%) babies were inborn and majority (84.4%) were born by caesarian section and preterm babies were more (65.6%). The commonest causes of respiratory distress in our study were transient tachypnea of newborn (43.2%), respiratory distress syndrome (30.2%), perinatal asphyxia (25%), septicaemia (16.1%) congenital pneumonia (11.9%), congenital heart disease (10.4%). All babies required oxygen initially, subsequently mechanical ventilation and Bubble CPAP was required in 48 (25.0%) and 8(04.1%) cases respectively. Mortality was 16.7% and was highest in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (71.8%) followed by septicaemia (40.6%) and perinatal asphyxia (37.3%). Among neonates requiring mechanical ventilation 56.2% died. Conclusion: Transient tachypnoea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), perinatal asphyxia and septicaemia were the common etiology for respiratory distress. Mortality was very high in RDS and septicaemia. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(1): 19-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17122
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Reiss, Timothy J. "Iulius Caesar Scaliger. Poetices libri septem/Sieben Bücher über die Dichtkunst. Vol. 4, Book 5. Ed. and trans. Gregor Vogt-Spira. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt : Frommann-Holzboog, 1998. 733 pp. index. bibl. €227. ISBN: 3-7728-1505-7. - Iulius Caesar Scaliger . Poetices libri septem/Sieben Bücher über die Dichtkunst. Vol. 5, Books 6 and 7. Eds. and trans. Luc Deitz and Gregor Vogt-Spira . Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt : Frommann-Holzboog , 2003 . 647 pp. index. bibl. €227 . ISBN: 3-7728-1506-5. ." Renaissance Quarterly 58, no. 2 (2005): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0764.
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Cosme, Pierre. "L’image d’Auguste sous le règne de ses successeurs." REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 27 (November 27, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2017.3960.
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Résumé: Auguste s’etait occupé lui-meme de forger l’image qu’il entendait laisser à la posterite en laissant des instructions sur le déroulement de ses funérailles et le gouvernement de l’empire, mais aussi en rédigeant ses Res gestae. Jusqu’au règne de Neron, les empereurs Julio-Claudiens revendiquent leur parenté avec le fondateur du Principat, car le sang d’Auguste légitime leur pouvoir. À partir de l’avènement de Vespasien, c’est davantage par leur comportement que les princes peuvent se réclamer d’Auguste, surtout quand ils prétendent fonder une dynastie. Dans le regime tétrarchique, le surnom Auguste devient l’équivalent d’un grade militaire exprimant la préséance des empereurs les plus anciens sur ceux qu’ils choisissent comme successeurs en leur conférant le surnom de César. Si la référence augustéenne s’estompe sous certains règnes, sous celui de Trajan ou de Septime Sévère, elle subsiste, y compris après la conversion de Constantin au christianisme, révélant ainsi sa très grande plasticité. Mots-clés: Empire romain, ville de Rome, culte impérial, Tétrarchie, Constantin, Théodose Ier, Virgile, Tacite, Pline le Jeune.Abstract: Augustus had taken care to forge the image by which he wanted posterity to remember him, not only in the form of his instructions for his funeral and for the government of the empire but also in his Res gestae. Until the reign of Nero, the Julio- Claudian emperors claimed their kinship to Augustus, because bearing the blood of the founder of the Principality legitimized their power. Starting from the Vespasian’s rise to power, princes claimed their kinship to Augustus was behavioural, especially when they set out to found a dynasty. Under the tetrarchical regime, the nickname Augustus became the equivalent of a military rank, expressing the precedence of the oldest emperors over those whom they chose as successors and who they nicknamed Caesar. Although the Augustus reference fades under certain reigns, it subsisted under Trajan or Septimius Severus, even after the conversion of Constantine to Christianity, thus revealing its very great flexibility.Key words: Roman Empire, city of Rome, imperial cult, Tetrarchy, Constantine, Theodosius, Virgil, Tacitus, Pliny the Younger.
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EFRIZA, EFRIZA. "GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME PADA NEONATUS DI RSUP DR M. DJAMIL PADANG." HEALTHY : Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan 1, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v1i2.1064.
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is one of the main causes of respiratory failure and death in neonates, so it can increase morbidity and mortality in neonates. The risk factors for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in neonates can be from the baby, mother or delivery method. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk factors for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in neonates at Dr. M. Djamil Padang. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with a retrospective design. The population of this study were all neonatal patients who had been diagnosed by doctors with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) at Dr. RSUP. M. Djamil Padang from January to December 2019 with 59 samples using the total sampling technique. The measuring instrument used medical record data and analyzed using univariate test and presented in the form of frequency distribution table and percentage. All neonates suffering from RDS were aged 0 – 7 days (100%) of which the majority were male (54.2%) and most were born with a weight < 2500 grams (96.6%) with a gestational age of < 37 weeks (96 ,6%). Neonates born to their mothers experienced Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) 11.9%, maternal diabetes 3.4%, hypertension 55.9% and oligohydramnios 8.5% and 94, 9% of neonates suffering from RDS were born by caesarean section. ABSTRAKRespiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan pernafasan dan kematian pada neonatal, sehingga dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada neonatus. Faktor risiko Respiratory Distress Syndrome pada neonatus bisa dari faktor bayi, ibu maupun cara persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko terjadinya Respiratory Distress Syndrome pada neonatus di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan retrospective study. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua pasien neonatus yang telah didiagnosis oleh dokter menderita Respiratory Distress Syndrome di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dari Januari sampai Desember 2019 dengan 59 sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur menggunakan data rekam medik dan dianalisa menggunakan uji univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Neonatus yang menderita RDS semuanya berusia 0 – 7 hari (100%) yang mayoritasnya adalah laki-laki (54,2%) dan paling banyak lahir dengan berat badan < 2500 gram (96,6%) dengan usia kehamilan < 37 minggu (96,6%). Neonatus yang lahir dengan ibunya mengalami Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) sebanyak 11,9%, yang mengalami diabetes maternal sebanyak 3,4%, yang mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 55,9% dan yang mengalami oligohidramnion sebanyak 8,5% serta sebesar 94,9% neonatus yang menderita RDS dilahirkan dengan cara persalinan sectio caesarea.
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Stegmann, Tamara C., Sietse Q. Nagelkerke, Dian van Winkelhorst, Taco W. Kuijpers, Gestur Vidarsson, and C. Ellen van der Schoot. "RhD Immunization Despite Adequate Immunoprophylaxis: Role of Fc Gamma Receptor Gene Polymorphisms." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.759.759.
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Abstract Introduction: One of the most effective immunological interventions in clinical medicine is the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn by prophylactic Rh immune globulin (Rh-Ig) therapy. The administration of ante- and postnatal Rh-Ig has reduced the risk of RhD immunization in the Netherlands from 17% to a mere 0.31%, yet its mechanism of action is still unknown. To gain more insight into the possible working mechanism of the Rh-Ig prophylaxis we analyzed potential risk factors and genotyped all known IgG-Fc receptor (protein FcγR, gene FCGR) variants known to date, on a cohort of Dutch women who failed Rh-Ig prophylaxis and developed anti-D antibodies. Adequate Rh-Ig immunoprophylaxis was defined as an antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis of 1,000 IU (200 µg) in both current and previous pregnancies, according to the Dutch guidelines. Material and Methods: Between 1999 and 2013 we identified 274 women who produced anti-D antibodies. Through a structured questionnaire we collected information about Rh-Ig prophylaxis and additional clinical data for potential risk factors. In 122 cases, adequate Rh-Ig prophylaxis was given, and clinical risk factors for fetal maternal hemorrhage (FMH) could be collected. Their clinical circumstances were compared to a control group of 339 randomly selected pregnant women. The Rh-Ig therapy failure of 57 of those women could not be explained through our risk factor analysis. From these 57 cases, DNA was obtained, and used for the FcγR-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay, identifying both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations in the FCGR locus. The results were compared to a control group of 200 healthy donors. Results: A history of red blood cell transfusion (p=0.05) and caesarean section (p<0.0001) were identified to be independent risk factors for RhD immunization. All other described risk factors for FMH such as miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, or invasive diagnostic procedures, requiring an additional Rh-Ig dose according to the guidelines, were not found to increase the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure. RhD-immunization due to caesarian section or red blood cell transfusion accounted for 53% of our cohort, suggesting an alternative explanation for the production of Rh-Ig alloantibodies in the remaining 47% of the cases - despite adequate amount of prophylaxis given in current and previous pregnancies. We therefore postulate the existence of a genetic variation that puts women at increased risk for RhD immunization during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the genetic variation in the FCGR locus and found a significantly (p=0.02) increased prevalence of the FCGR2 -ORF, expressing a functional copy of the activating FcγRIIc, which is otherwise a pseudogene. Strikingly, the prevalence of the 2B.4-promotor haplotype of the FCGR2B gene, associated with a 1.5 fold increase of the inhibitory FcγRIIb, was strongly (p=0.0001) increased. Conclusion: Caesarian section and red blood cell transfusion are risk factors that increase RhD immunization during pregnancies, accounting for about half failed Rh-Ig prophylactic cases. Genetic variation in the FCGR-gene might be a possible explanation for increased immunization risk. In our cohort we encountered a significantly increased frequency of individuals expressing FcγRIIc, along with a polymorphism encoding for a higher expression of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb, suggesting these genes to influence immune responses to RBC in a manner previously unrecognized. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Raha, Biplob Kumar, Md Julfikkar Alam, and Mohammad Abdul Quddus Bhuiyan. "Spectrum of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: A Study From a Tertiary Care Military Hospital." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 39, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v39i1.50450.
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Introduction: Respiratory distress (RD) is a common problem in neonatal period. It is an important cause of neonatal mortality. There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. Timely and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent ongoing injury and improve outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to identify the causes of respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Combined Military hospital (CMH) Sylhet and to observe the hospital outcome of these babies.
Material and Methods: A descriptive type of crosssectional study was conducted in CMH Sylhet over a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. All live newborns delivered at CMH Sylhet during the study period were included and observed for development of respiratory distress.
Results: All newborns (n=287), delivered at this hospital over the period of 12 months, were observed for respiratory distress. The overall prevalence of respiratory distress was 19.2 %. Prevalence was 10.8 % in full term, 7.3 % in preterm and 1.1% in post term. There was male predominance (54.5%) and two third (71.1%) were born by cesarean section. Transient tachypnea of newborn was found to be the commonest 47.3% cause of respiratory distress followed by respiratory distress syndrome 29.1%, perinatal asphyxia (10.9%), congenital pneumonia 3.6%, congenital heart disease 3.6%, septicaemia 3.6% and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 1.9%. All babies required high flow oxygen initially, subsequently Bubble CPAP and mechanical ventilation was required in 8 (14.5%) and 1(1.8%) cases respectively. Mortality was 1.8% in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with pneumothorax with septicaemia requiring mechanical ventilation.
Conclusion: In this series, RDS in newborn majority of cases were due to TTN followed by respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia. Mortality was mainly related to pneumothorax with septicaemia, RDS was more common in births related to caesarian section.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 4-8
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Fieman, Dina M., Mikaël Attal, and Stephen Addy. "Geomorphic response of a mountain gravel-bed river to an extreme flood in Aberdeenshire, Scotland." Scottish Journal of Geology 56, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-005.
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This study uses the 2015 ‘Storm Frank’ flood on the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, to assess the impact of extreme events on river dynamics. The Storm Frank flood (>200 year recurrence interval) caused significant local morphological change that was concentrated in the middle portion of the 140 km long river and overall net degradation that primarily occurred through lateral adjustment processes. Although the flood did not cause widespread change in channel planform, morphological change at the reach scale (<1 km) was significant. Bank scour resulted in channel expansion and lateral migration as well as widespread aggradation on existing gravel beds. The HEC-RAS and CAESAR–Lisflood models were used to determine the impact of morphological changes from the Storm Frank flood on a series of future hypothetical floods. The results show that inundation is highly influenced by the degree of morphological change for moderate floods, but not for high magnitude ones. In-channel scour and bank erosion can lead to an increase in channel capacity, thereby decreasing inundation. Conversely, where conveyance capacity is decreased by aggradation, flood risk inherently increases. The impact of these changes was great for a five-year return period flood, but minimal for a magnitude flood comparable to that of Storm Frank. Our modelling results also reveal that the inundation model is sensitive to the grain size and channel bed roughness input parameters, as these parameters impact flow discharge and flood hydraulics. Accurate determination of sediment parameters and degree of morphological change is therefore critical in flooding modelling and flood hazard management.Supplementary material: Peak discharge and rainfall during the 2015 Storm Frank storm, parameters used in the hydrological model CAESAR–Lisflood and sediment budget statistics of each DEM of difference threshold are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4847946Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
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Kartikeswar, Gouda A. P., Dhyey I. Pandya, Siddharth Madabhushi, Vivek M. Joshi, and Sandeep Kadam. "Active versus expectant management of preterm premature rupture of membrane before 34 weeks and neonatal outcome." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210654.
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Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) predisposes the mother for chorioamnionitis, endometritis, bacteremia and neonate to preterm delivery related complication. There is often dilemma regarding the management of PPROM in mothers with gestational age (GA) <34 weeks.Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over two year period. Neonates delivered before 34 weeks were enrolled and categorized into active management (AM) and expectant management (EM) group. Associated risk factors, duration of PPROM and latency period, Neonatal outcomes like sepsis, morbidity, duration of respiratory support, duration of NICU stay compared between groups.Results: Out of total 197 cases, AM group had 91 babies. Active management resulted in earlier delivery [mean GA (SD): 30.88(1.8) VS 31(2.1) weeks], higher number of caesarian section (76.9% versus 53.8%), lesser birth weight {1233.6 (±282.9) versus 1453.39 (±380.6) gm} and more ELBW babies (23.1% versus 7.5%). EM resulted in significantly higher antenatal steroid cover (73.6% in AM versus 89.6% in EM) and lesser need of surfactant for RDS [42.9% versus 28.3%]. Significant difference was found for NICU stay days {mean (SD): 25.46 (16.8) versus 20.94 (17.5)}. No difference found between respiratory support days [median (IQR) 2 (0, 6) versus 2 (0, 7)]. No significant differences found in incidence of maternal chorioamnionitis, NEC, sepsis, BPD and ROP. Early delivery resulted in higher mortality though that was statistically not significant.Conclusions: Gestational age at delivery is more important predictor of neonatal outcome then PPROM in early preterm.
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Islam, Mohammad Nazrul, Tanha Tazmin, Mohosina Siddika, and Mohammod Kamruj Jaman Bhuiyan. "Morbidities and Mortalities among Infant of Diabetic Mother in a Newly Established Scabu of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 35, no. 3 (June 2, 2016): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v35i3.14004.
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has long been associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. It complicates 2% to 3% of all pregnancies; 90% of these cases present with gestational diabetes mellitus. In our population Gestational diabetes mellitus develops among 6.7% of all pregnancies. Macrosomia (28%), hypocalcaemia (22%), hyperbillirubinaemia (19%), polycythemia (34%), perinatal asphyxia, birth injury and congenital anomaly (6-9%) are the complications of infant of diabetic mother (IDM).Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the newly established Special Care Neonatal Unit (SCANU) to determine the morbidities and mortalities among IDM babies admitted in to Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from January to March 2015. A total 50 IDM patients who admitted during this period were recruited in the study irrespective of their gestational age, birth weight, pattern and duration of maternal diabetes.Results: Male and female patients were 29 (58%) and 21 (42%). Caesarian and vaginal delivery were 43 and seven cases. Gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mothers were 35 (70%) and 15 (30%) respectively. The important morbidities in order of frequency were found perinatal asphyxia (50%), macrosomia (48%), neonatal jaundice (44%), hypoglycaemia (40%), hypocalcaemia (36%), polycythemia (28%), CHD (20%), neonatal sepsis (20%), birth trauma (12%), TTN (6%), RDS (6%), GIT problem (2%) respectively. Mortality was recorded in three patients. Conclusion: Our observations show the high prevalence of IDM (24/1000 live birth) and their various complications. Mortality and morbidity is a bit higher in IDM. Our health policy maker should give adequate emphasis on management of IDM babies.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):253-256
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Mekhamadiev, Evgeniy. "Frontier Army of the Late Roman Empire in the Mid-4th c. A.D. (Case of Isauria and the Rhine Frontier): on the Ways of Territorial Deployment of Military Units." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.1.2.
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Introduction. During the whole 4th c. the Late Roman frontier military units constantly took part in military campaigns against different enemies of the Empire, hovewer the author of this paper asks the question how precisely frontier military units managed their service, i.e. which functions they exercised and how they interacted to local civilian population of the province where they stood in. The author believes that a set of functions depended foremost on the location landscape. Methods and materials. The author applies the comparison approach, i.e. compares the peculiarities of two regions where the frontier armies stood: Isauria at the southeast of Asia Minor (mountain landscape) and Upper Germany at the Rhine frontier (mainly plain territory). The source accounts are “The Life of St. Conon of Isauria” (hagiography), an important inscription of Julian the Caesar (future Emperor Julian the Apostate) from Upper Germany (epigraphy) and the work of Ammianus Marcellinus “The Deeds” (Res gestae). Analysis. The author compares evidence on the military arrangement of two provinces and considers how their frontier units defended these lands from external and internal enemies, how they interacted to local population and how precisely they located in its forts. Conclusions. As a result the author concludes that the Roman administration could not place a large number of regular military units in Isauria, because this province had not enough fertile plain lands, this region suffered from the lack of food supply. The hard and cruel mountain landscape enforced to make the bands of irregular city militia – in the case of Isaurian assaults citizens formed military detachments, which were temporarily attached to regular units called vexillations. In contrast, at the Rhine frontier, where there were enough fertile flat lands, the Roman administration might place many regular units and, moreover, this region received detachments from expeditionary troops. In other words, the Roman administration had enough food supply to maintain a high number of regular frontier garrisons.
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Goja, Bojan. "Giovanni Vendramin i iluminacije u inkunabulama samostana Sv. Frane u Šibeniku." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.521.
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The article analyses the illuminations of two incunables which are housed in the monastery of St Francis at Šibenik. The front page of the incunable of John Duns Scotus’ Scriptum in quattuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi (Johannes de Colonia et Johannes Manthen, Venice, 1477) is decorated with high-quality figural and phytomorphic illuminations. In the corners of the decorative frame in the upper margin are the figures of a heronand a monkey. Vertical sections of the frame are filled with flowers, leaves and berries in the colour blue, green and cyclamen pink and with numerous stylized golden burdock flowers (Arctium). The central part of the frame in the upper and lower margin is filled with dense, symmetrically placed thick leaves in the colour blue, green, purple and cyclamen pink with a stylized golden burdockflower (Arctium) appearing here and there. In the centre of the page is a crest composed of two fields separated by a horizontal line; the upper on is red and the lower one white. Two winged putti are set in the corners andthey hold red ribbons. Each wears a necklace made of red corals and classical sandals on their feet. They landscape around them is arid and there is only one tree, its bark dry, standing in it. The rocky ground with jagged edges is covered in small stones. The distinctly painted winged putti, the depiction of the landscape and the dense vegetal decoration filling the frame in the upper and lower margin demonstrate noticeable similarities with the works of Giovanni Vendramin, a prominent representative of Paduan Renaissance miniature. Thefront page of the aforementioned incunable at Šibenik can be attributed to him; he may well have been helped by his workshop and collaborators. First and foremost, it ought to be mentioned that the decorative frame on one of the opening pages (c. 4v) in an Antiphonary at Ferrara features identical type of leaf decoration as the one that fills the upper and lower margin in the incunable at Šibenik. Here too, the playful putti wear classical sandals and necklaces made of red coral. Furthermore, putti with identical physiohnomies – wearing coral necklaces and classical sandals while holding ribbons in their hands – can be found on fol. 2r in the incunable of Marcus Tullius Cicero’s Orationes (Venice, Christophorus Valdarfer, 1471, Philadelphia, The Rosenbach Museum and Library, Inc 471ci). The landscape in which the putti are depictedis also arid and marked by a single dry tree rising from the ground covered with small stones. Identical putti can be seen on the cover of the incunable of Marcus Tullius Cicero’s, Tusculanae Quaestiones (Venice, N. Jenson, 1472, London, British Library, C.1c.10, fol. 1). The landscape is also depicted in the same way. An excellent comparative example can be found in the winged putti standing on an all’antica structure on the cover of the manuscript of Jacopo Camphora’s, De immortalitate animae (London, Brittish Library, MS Add. 22325) which is decorated with architectural forms. The left and the upper margins of the opening pages of Book I and Book III of Gaius Julius Caesar’s Commentariorvm de bello Gallico (Milan, Antonius Zarotus, 1477) are decorated with frames filled with white vine scrolls on red, green and blue background with white dots. The decoration extends beyond the ornamental frames and reaches into the gold initials G and C. Although the decorative frames were not completely finished, it can be ascertained that they were made with great skill and are of high quality. This frame type was frequently used by Giovanni Vendramin and the examples from Šibenik are very close to some of his works, especially those made for Jacopo Zeno, the Bishop of Padua (Padua, Biblioteca Capitolare).
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Hossain, Dr Md Alamgir, Dr Md Kamrul Hasan Rafy, Dr Afsana Rahman, Dr Md Monir Hasan, and Dr Md Golam Azam. "Clinical Study of Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Babies in Neonatal Period." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i01.014.
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Background: There are multiple factors responsible for preterm delivery. It is difficult to completely separate factors associated with prematurity from those are associated with 'IUGR [4]. Objective: To determine morbidity and mortality pattern of preterm very low birth weight babies in neonatal period. Methods: A total number of 200 preterm very low birth weight babies consecutively admitted in this hospital were enrolled into this study. The information about the babies gathered from the history and physical examination and recorded within 24 hours of admission. Each infant was reassessed daily to record the progress and to document any new complication. In his study 50% was male and 50% was female babies. Among them 8.5% was extremely Low birth weight, 1.5% was incredibly low birth weight babies. About 64.5% of preterm VLBW babies were associated with multiple pregnancy- among them 57.1% twin pregnancy and 7.5% triplet pregnancy. Each baby had one or more problems -infection 33% (septicemia congenital pneumonia and umblical sepsis), perinatal asphyxia 30%, poor feeding 10%, neonatal jaundice 28.5, neonatal seizure 14 %, apnea 16.5%, RDS 5 %, Hypoglycemia 7%, hypocalcaemia 2.5 %, were the major problems. Result: Among the studied neonates mortality rate was 32.5 %. Perinatal asphyxia 30%, septicemia. 20.50 % were the major cause of death in preterm infants. Immediate outcome of preterm VLBW infants was closely related to maternal illness during pregnancy. We found mortality rate was related to gestational age, highest (100 %) among the babies of gestational age less than 28 weeks and lowest in babies of gestational age 35 weeks or more. Lower gestational age was associated with higher mortality rate. Higher mortality rates were observed among babies delivered vaginally (24.7%) compared to caesarian section (16.7 %). In addition to prematurity-birth weight was the important factor influencing the mortality observed in the present study. Conclusion: This study ...
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Ferdousy, R., S. Yeasmin, and R. Parveen. "Evaluation of 200 Cases of Caesarean Section to Find Out Post Operative Urinary Tract Infection." Journal of Medical Science & Research 28, Number 1 (January 1, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2018.v2801.03.
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The incidence of caesarian section varies from hospital to hospital and from communii), to community. Endometritis, post surgical infection, mastitis, genital tract infection, perineal cellulites, respiratory complication from anaesthesia, retained product of conception, urinary tract infection and septic pelvic phlebitis are the post partum infection. To find out urinary tract infection in caesarean section. This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Gynae and Obstetrics, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital from August 2003 to January 2004 over a period of six months. Two hundred pregnant patients age between 15 to 42 years, both primi & multipary, pre term, term and post term cases were included in this study. Patients having fever prior to caesarean section were excluded from this study. Out of 200 caesarean section cases history of previous caesarean section (33.5%), Fetal distress (31%), preeclampsia (9.5%), cephalopelvic disproportion (8%), placenta praevia (6.5%) obstructed labour (4.5%), bad obstetric history (3.5%), early rupture of membrane (3.5%). Term delivery was 77%, preterm was 16.5% and post term was 6.5% in this study. 43.0% cases was primi para and 56.5% was multipara. 22 (11.0%) cases of study population had a history of UTI during pregnancy and only 29 (14.5%) cases developed urinary tract infection. Out of 29 cases only 3 (13.6) cases had a history of urinary tract infection during pregnancy. But there was no wound infection after caesarean section in this study. Urinary tract infection is probably due to improper aseptic precaution during catheterization. Organism isolated from urine were pseudomonas (44.8%), Klebsilla (24.1 %), E.coli (20.7%), proteus (10.3%). In this study, 29 (14.5%) cases developed UTI following caesarean section and only 3 03.6%) cases had a history of UTI during pregnancy.
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Romaniello, Matthew P. "Mission Delayed: The Russian Orthodox Church after the Conquest of Kazan'." Church History 76, no. 3 (September 2007): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700500560.
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Muscovy's active period of eastward expansion began with the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan’ in 1552. By the seventeenth century, one observer claimed that the conquest of Kazan’ was the event that made Ivan IV a tsar and Muscovy an empire. With this victory, the tsar claimed new lands, adding to his subjects the diverse animistic and Muslim population of Turkic Tatars and Chuvashes, and Finno-Ugric Maris, Mordvins, and Udmurts. The conquest of Kazan’ provided both the Metropolitan of Moscow and Ivan IV (the Terrible) an opportunity to transform the image of Muscovy into that of a victorious Orthodox power and to justify the title of its Grand Prince as a new caesar (tsar). Since the conquest was the first Orthodox victory against Islam since the fall of Constantinople, commemorations of it were immediate, including the construction of the Church of the Intercession by the Moat (St. Basil's) on Red Square.The incorporation of the lands and peoples of Kazan’ has served traditionally to date the establishment of the Russian Empire. Accounts of the conquest have emphasized the victory of Orthodoxy against Islam, with the Russian Orthodox Church and its Metropolitan as the motive force behind this expansion. The conversion of the Muslims and animists of the region is portrayed frequently as automatic, facing little resistance. More recently, scholars have criticized this simplistic account of the conquest by discussing the conversion mission as a rhetorical construct and have placed increasing emphasis on the local non-Russian and non-Orthodox resistance to the interests of the Church and state.
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Mulla-Ali, Dalal H., Kevin H. M. Kuo, Mathew Sermer, and Anne Mcleod. "The Relationship Between Pre-Pregnancy Sickle Cell Disease-Specific Complications and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease Pregnancies." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4848.4848.
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Abstract Abstract 4848 Introduction: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have worse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to the general population, and experience antepartum complications unique to SCD patients, including painful vasoocclusive crises (VOC), acute chest syndrome (ACS), stroke and symptomatic anemia. The relationship between pre-pregnancy SCD-specific complications and maternal/fetal outcomes and antepartum complications has not been explored. We hypothesize that increased rates of SCD-specific complications are associated with increased rates of antepartum SCD-specific complications and worsened maternal and fetal outcomes. We further hypothesize that elevation in fetal hemoglobin is associated with improved maternal/fetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with SCD (SS, SC, S/beta-thalassemia) whose pregnancies were managed at the Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), a high risk obstetrics care institution in Ontario, Canada, between January 1st, 1999 and June 30th, 2009 based on the institution's electronic and paper-based medical records. Patients were jointly managed by a hematologist specialized in hemoglobinopathies and an obstetrician specialized in high risk obstetric care. We compared the pre-pregnancy and antepartum rates of SCD-specific complications (painful VOC, ACS, stroke, and on-demand transfusion requirements). Pre-pregnancy fetal hemoglobin level was analyzed according to the presence or absence of maternal/fetal complications (expressed as an aggregate of preterm delivery, placental insufficiency, low birth weight (<2500 g), the need of emergent Caesarian section, fetal anomalies and fetal death). The t-test was used to compare means of the two groups. Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical frequency data. An alpha value of 0.05 was chosen as the level of significance. Results and Discussion: We identified 22 pregnancies in 22 patients with SCD, 4 patients had not delivered at the time of censor. Fourteen patients were HbSS, 7 were HbSC, 1 was HbS/beta-thalassemia. Mean maternal age was 31.1 years. Mean gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (95% CI 36 to 38 weeks) and 5 (23%) were preterm (< 37 weeks). Eleven of the 18 deliveries (61%) were by Caesarian section and 7 were performed on an emergent basis (4 due to fetal distress and 3 due to failure to progress). Three (17%) were low birth weight (< 2500 g) and 2 (11%) were intrauterine growth restricted. Maternal and fetal outcomes and rates of antepartum complications were similar to the existing literature. There was no association between prior history of ACS and having an episode of ACS during pregnancy. A history of painful VOC was associated with having at least one episode of painful VOC during pregnancy (P = 0.0433). Pre-pregnancy history of on-demand red cell transfusion was also associated with the need of at least one unit of transfusion during pregnancy (P = 0.0048). However, the frequency and time of first painful VOC during pregnancy were not associated with worsened maternal/fetal outcome. There was no association between fetal hemoglobin level and antepartum rates of painful VOC (P = 0.4867), ACS (P = 0.3702), and maternal/fetal complications (P = 0.2489). The results suggest that patients with a history of painful VOC may be predisposed to having painful VOC during pregnancy. Similarly, patients with a history of on-demand transfusion may need transfusion during pregnancy. The present study is limited by small sample size and its single-centered and retrospective nature. Further observation studies with larger sample size are required to prospectively validate these results. Disclosures: Kuo: Novartis Canada: Research Funding.
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Darari, Radifan, Edi Winarko, and Auli Damayanti. "Encryption and Decryption Application on Images with Hybrid Algorithm Vigenere and RSA." Contemporary Mathematics and Applications (ConMathA) 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/conmatha.v2i2.23855.
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Digital image is digital pictures on a two-dimensional plane which consists of pixels, where every pixels has Red, Green, Blue (RGB) with varying intensity depending on the image. In this thesis digital image is encrypted using hybrid algorithm Vigenere and RSA. Vigenere algorithm is a symmetric key algorithm which is a variety from Caesar algorithm where the similarity is in both of them are based on shifting the index of alphabet letters. RSA algorithm are based on the difficulty of factorizing large numbers that have 2 and only 2 factors (Prime numbers). The encryption process starts with getting the RGB intensity of each pixels from the image, then the RGB values are encrypted using Vigenere algorithm, after that RSA Algorithm encrypt those values, the values of RSA Algorithm encryption are limited so the value can be within the intervals of RGB values and the after limitation the values after being limited become the RGB values in the encrypted image. The decryption process is the inverse of encryption process, which enables the encrypted image to become the initial image before encryption. The program for encrypting and decrypting image are made using Java programming language with Netbeans IDE 8.2 software. The result of this implementation on image file donbass.jpg with the length of Vigenere key of 5 those are k1=144, k2=166 , k3=38 , k4=204 , k5=98, and RSA Algorithm keys are n=2201, e=1139, d=59, the results from the encrypted image is a visually very different image from the initial image. While in the decryption process, the encrypted image is able to be decrypted back to the initial image.
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Kuo, Kevin H. M., Eiran Warner, Mathew Sermer, and Richard Ward. "The Effect of Comprehensive Care on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease Pregnancies." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4842.4842.
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Abstract Abstract 4842 Introduction: Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) have increased rates of maternal and fetal complications compared to the general population, including premature rupture of membranes, post-partum infection, low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm delivery. They also experience higher rates of antepartum complications: painful vasoocclusive crises (VOC), infections, PIH/preeclampsia, abruption, antepartum bleeding, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, cerebral vein thrombosis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), transfusion and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Comprehensive care reduces morbidity and mortality in infancy and early childhood and is the cornerstone of care in SCD. However, the effect of comprehensive care on maternal and fetal outcome in patients with SCD has not been examined. We hypothesize that pre-conception comprehensive care improve maternal and fetal outcomes and reduced rates of antepartum complications in patients with SCD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with SCD (SS, SC, S/beta-thalassemia) who delivered at the Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), a high risk obstetrics care institution in Central Ontario, Canada, between 2000 and 2010 based on the Antenatal Database, Delivery Database, electronic and paper-based medical records. Patients were jointly managed by a maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) specialist and hematologist specialized in hemoglobinopathies. We analyzed the maternal and fetal characteristics and outcomes (age at delivery, genotype, gravida, gestational age, birth weight, number of Caesarian sections and vaginal deliveries), antepartum complications (pregnancy induced hypertension (including pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, abruption/previa, venous thromboembolism, urinary tract infection), and SCD-specific complications (painful vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, pneumonia, and transfusion) based on the presence or absence of comprehensive care prior to pregnancy by the Red Blood Cell Disorders (RBCD) Clinic at the University Health Network, a SCD comprehensive care centre from the same catchment area as MSH. t-test was used to compare means of two groups, Fisher's exact test and chi-squared tests were used to compare categorical frequency data, where appropriate. Alpha value of 0.05 was chosen as the level of significance. Results and Discussion: We identified 79 deliveries by 64 patients with SCD who received obstetric care at MSH. Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.69 weeks (95% CI 37.00 to 38.37 weeks) and 21 (27%) were preterm (< 37 weeks). Thirty-one deliveries (39%) were by Caesarian section and 48 were delivered vaginally. Seventeen (22%) were low birth weight (< 2500 g) and 11 (14%) were small for gestational age. Maternal and fetal outcomes and rates of antepartum complications were similar to the existing literature (Powars, 1986; Smith, 1996; Serjeant, 2004; Barfield, 2010). Twenty-eight deliveries by 22 of the 64 patients received comprehensive care at the RBCD clinic prior to their pregnancies for a mean duration of 5 years. There was no significant difference in maternal or fetal outcomes or antepartum complications. The results suggest that the role of comprehensive care prior to conception may not be as crucial in pregnancy outcomes of patients with SCD as previously thought. The lack of difference may also be due to the fact that the patients' care was closely monitored during the pregnancy by both specialists in hemoglobinopathies and high risk obstetrics. Limitations of the study include its single-centered and retrospective nature, exclusion of stillbirths and miscarriages, and small sample size. Also, patients who were enrolled in the comprehensive care program may carry more comorbidities and SCD-specific complications, compared to patients referred from the community, but this was not examined in the present study. Further prospective observational studies of SCD patients in the child-bearing age, with attention to the frequency and type of pre-pregnancy SCD-specific complications, as well as standardized application of comprehensive care, will be helpful in determining whether comprehensive care is useful in reducing antepartum complications in patients with SCD. Disclosures: Kuo: Novartis Canada: Research Funding.
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Mahdi Ahmed Hassan, Albagir, Ahamed Almustafa Mohammed Sheikh Idriss, and Sana Kamal Yousif Dafalla. "MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME OF POSTDATE PREGNANCY IN WAD MADANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, GEZIRA STATE, SUDAN." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (August 31, 2022): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15266.
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Background: Post-term pregnancy by definition isa pregnancy that reaches 42 weeks of gestation or more. Post term pregnancy leads to an increased risk to the fetuses and neonates and increase their mortality and morbidity as well as an increased maternal morbidity Objective: To study maternal and fetal outcome of postdate pregnancy in Wad Madani maternity teaching hospital, Wad Madani, Gezira State 2020 Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Wad Madani maternity teaching hospital which located in Wad Madani city, Gezira state in central zone of Sudan within the period from March to September 2020 and covered postdate pregnant women. Data was gathered, processed and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Study included 102 postdate pregnant women. Nearly half of them 49 (48%) were 30 – 39 years in age with mean age of 31.2 ± 8.4 years. Most of them 74 (72.5%) were from urban residential areas, 69 (67.7%) were educated until secondary school level or above, 65 (63.7%) housewives and 61 (59.8%) were from low socioeconomic status. Clinically, 48 (47.1%) were multipara. Only 61 (59.8%) of them had regular antenatal care follow up. Also, 14 (13.7%) were obese, nine (8.8%) had positive past history of postdate pregnancy and three (2.9%) had positive family history of postdate pregnancy. Concerning the maternal outcome, the study found that caesarian section was 31 (30.4%), while 11 (10.8%) instrumental delivery, and 60 (58.8%) were delivered with vaginal delivery. The most common maternal complications were obstructed labour six (5.9%), followed by perineal tear, postpartum haemorrhage three (2.9%) and sepsis five (4.9%). No maternal mortality was reported. Blood transfusion was needed for 18 (17.6%) of them. Regarding the fetal outcome, female gender was reported in 54 (52.9%) of neonates, only seven (6.9%) were less than 2.5 kg while seven (6.9%) were more than 4 kg. Most neonates 92 (90.2%) were alive, nine (8.8%) stillbirth, one macerated stillbirth and no congenital malformation was reported. Moreover, low Apgar score (< 6) was reported in 11 (10.8%), meconium aspiration syndrome was four (3.9%), IUGR seven (6.9%) and RDS weretwo (2%).11 (12%) were admitted to NICU and only one (9.1%) were dead. Conclusion: Based on the study results, we concluded that postdate pregnancy is vulnerable for considerable undesired maternal and fetal outcomes which should not be ignored. Therefore, the relevant preventive and curative measured should be implemented as a priority for this risky group of pregnant ladies in Sudan.
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Caesar, A. J., and R. T. Lartey. "First Report of a Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria brassicae on the Invasive Weed Lepidium draba in North America." Plant Disease 93, no. 8 (August 2009): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-8-0846a.
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The exotic, rangeland weed Lepidium draba L., a brassicaceous perennial, is widely distributed in the United States. For example, Oregon contains 100,000 ha of land infested with L. draba (2). Because it is capable of aggressive spread and has the potential to reduce the value of wheat-growing land (4), it is the target of biological control research. The application of multiple pathogens has been advocated for control of other brassicaceous weeds, including the simultaneous application of biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens (3). In pursuit of this approach, in 2007, we discovered the occurrence of leaf spots on approximately 90% of L. draba plants near Shepherd, MT, which were distinct from leaf lesions caused by Cercospora bizzozeriana (1). The lesions were initially tiny, black spots enlarging over time to become circular to irregular and cream-colored around the initial black spots and sometimes with dark brown borders or chlorotic halos. Conidia from the lesions were light brown, elongate and obclavate, produced singly from short conidia, with 8 to 12 transverse septa, and 2 to 6 longitudinal septa. The spore body measured 25 to 35 × 200 to 250 μm with a beak cell 42 to 100 μm long. On the basis of conidial and cultural characteristics, the fungus was identified as Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Leaf tissues bordering lesions were plated on acidified potato dextrose agar. Colonies on V8 and alfalfa seed agar were black with concentric rings, eventually appearing uniformly black after 10 to 14 days. The internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the 575-bp fragment showed a 100% homology with a sequence of A. brassicae Strain B from mustard (GenBank Accession No. DQ156344). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. FJ869872. For pathogenicity tests, aqueous spore suspensions approximately 105/ml were prepared from cultures grown at 20 to 25°C for 10 to 14 days on V8 agar and sprayed on leaves of three L. draba plants. Inoculated plants were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated at 20 to 22°C for 72 to 80 h. In addition, three plants of the following reported hosts of A. brassicae were inoculated: broccoli, canola, Chinese cabbage, collards, broccoli raab, kale, mustard greens, radish, rape kale, and turnip. Within 10 days, leaf spots similar to those described above developed on plants of radish, canola, Chinese cabbage, and turnip and A. brassicae was reisolated and identified. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. These inoculations were repeated and results were the same. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot disease caused by A. brassicae on L. draba in North America. A voucher specimen has been deposited with the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI No. 878750A). References: (1) A. J. Caesar et al. Plant Dis. 93:108, 2009. (2) G. L. Kiemnec and M. L. McInnis. Weed Technol. 16:231, 2002. (3) A. Maxwell and J. K. Scott. Adv. Bot. Res. 43:143, 2005. (4) G. A. Mulligan and J. N. Findlay. Can. J. Plant Sci. 54:149, 1974.
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Kuo, Kevin H. M., Eiran Warner, Mathew Sermer, and Richard Ward. "The Effect of Comprehensive Care and Degree of Iron Overload on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancies of Transfusion-Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Patients." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 5297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5297.5297.
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Abstract Abstract 5297 Introduction: Iron overload resulting in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is the major cause of infertility in patients with beta-Thalassemia Major (bTM). However, in patients who are able to achieve pregnancy, the effects of iron overload and comprehensive care by hematologists specialized in Hemoglobinopathies on maternal-fetal outcomes have not been well-documented. We hypothesize that in patients with transfusion-dependent bTM, lack of comprehensive care prior to conception or elevated ferritin is associated with poor maternal-fetal outcomes and increased rates of antepartum complications. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on transfusion-dependent bTM patients who delivered at the Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), a quaternary referral, high risk obstetrics care institution in Central Ontario, Canada, between 2000 and 2010 based on the Antenatal Database, Delivery Database, electronic and paper-based medical records. Patients were jointly managed by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and hematologist specialized in hemoglobinopathies. All forms of chelation were discontinued during pregnancy. We analyzed the maternal-fetal outcomes and antepartum complications based on the presence or absence of comprehensive care prior to pregnancy by the Red Blood Cell Disorders (RBCD) Clinic at the University Health Network, a hemoglobinopathy comprehensive care centre from the same catchment area as MSH. Components of comprehensive care include regular monitoring of iron burden, screening and treatment of target organ damage from iron overload, genetic counseling from physicians, and psychosocial counseling from a social worker. We also analyzed the relationship between the pre-pregnancy ferritin levels and birth weight, gestational age, and any antepartum complications. Results: We identified 40 singleton deliveries and 3 twin deliveries by 42 patients (40 bTM, 1 Thalassemia Intermedia, 1 Hemoglobin E/beta-Thalassemia). There were no maternal or fetal deaths. The 3 twin pregnancies were excluded from analysis due to being a potential confounder in maternal and fetal outcomes. Mean maternal age at delivery was 33.11 years (95% CI 31.77, 34.45 years). Mean gestational age at delivery was 38.29 weeks (95% CI 37.41, 39.17 weeks) with six (15%) pre-term births (<37 weeks). Fourteen deliveries (35%) were by Caesarian section and 26 were vaginal deliveries. Six (15%) were low birth weight (<2500 g) and 2 (5%) were small for gestational age. Ten of the 39 patients analyzed (11 deliveries) received comprehensive care at RBCD clinic prior to their pregnancies. There was no significant difference in maternal-fetal outcomes or antepartum complications between patients who received comprehensive care prior to conception and those who did not. However, patients who received comprehensive care were significantly younger and had lower parity (P = 0.0072 and 0.0276 respectively). In the 19 deliveries where pre-pregnancy ferritin was available, there was no association between pre-pregnancy ferritin and fetal birth weight, gestational age, or any antepartum complications. Discussion: There was no association between pre-pregnancy ferritin level and maternal-fetal outcomes. Presence of comprehensive care prior to conception did not appear to significantly change the maternal-fetal outcomes in transfusion-dependent beta-Thalassemia patients. We speculate that the lack of difference may be due to a higher proportion of primigravida in the comprehensive care group acting as a potential confounder, given that primigravida in general have higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcome. In addition, patients with higher parity may have less severe complications from iron overload, and consequently are less likely to be referred to a comprehensive care center. Limitations include small sample size and single center study. Further prospective observational studies with larger sample size are required to evaluate whether a) introduction of uniform comprehensive care to all women with bTM in child-bearing age will improve pregnancy outcomes; b) ferritin or liver iron concentration is useful in predicting antepartum complications in bTM patients. Disclosures: Kuo: Novartis Canada: Research Funding.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Pyotr Alexandrovich HERZEN - the founder of oncology in the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (to the 150th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-248-249.
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Pyotr Alexandrovich was born in 1871 in Florence in the family of Professor A. A. Herzen of the University of Lausanne. In 1896, he studied at the medical faculty of the University of Lausanne and began working at the Caesar Roux Clinic. In 1997, Pyotr Alexandrovich received a Doctor of Medicine degree and, fulfilling his grandfather's will, left for Russia. In 1898, P. A. Herzen received a Russian diploma of a doctor with honors. Then Pyotr Alexandrovich worked as an external doctor until 1900, and then until 1920, with breaks for service in the army as a military surgeon he was a resident of the surgical department of the Old Catherine Hospital in Moscow. During the Russian-Japanese War, Pyotr Alexandrovich was a surgeon on the Manchurian front, a surgeon in the active army during the First World War, and a consultant at the 151st military hospital during the Civil War. In 1909, he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Russia. In 1917, he became the head of the Department of Operative Surgery, in 1921-General Surgery of the 1st Moscow State University. The clinical base of the department was the Institute for the Treatment of Tumors (now the P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute), the director of which was P. A. Herzen from 1922 to 1934. In 1926, he was first elected chairman of the Surgical Society of Moscow, and in 1929 the XXI Congress of Russian Surgeons. In 1934, Pyotr Alexandrovich became the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute and in the same year he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, and in 1939 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He created the world's first pre-thoracic artificial esophagus (1907), was the first in the USSR to perform thoracoscopy for chronic pleural empyema (1925), suturing of a heart wound (1904), liver resection, developed a number of original operations: intra-abdominal fixation of the rectum when it falls out; application of cholecystoenteroanastomosis (1901), cholecystectomy, trans-vesical prostatectomy (1906); omentorenopexy of the lower pole of the kidney (1913); operations for anterior cerebral, inguinal and femoral hernias; developed the principles of surgical treatment of traumatic aneurysms. He also made a significant contribution to solving the problems of vascular surgery, oncology, urology, cardiac surgery, etc. He published 84 scientific papers, including 5 monographs. P. A. Herzen created the largest school of Soviet surgeons, oncologists. He was an honorary member of the French Academy of Surgery, the International Society of Surgeons, chairman of the surgical societies of the RSFSR and the USSR (1926-1928; 1935-1936), the XXI and XXIV All-Union Congresses of Surgeons (1929, 1938). P. A. Herzen was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals, including "For the Defense of Moscow". P. A. Herzen died in January 1947 and was buried in Moscow. The Moscow Research Oncological Institute, the periodical " Oncology. The journal named after P. A. Herzen". A memorial plaque in his honor is installed in the First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov. His name is given to surgical operations used for anterior craniocerebral and femoral hernias, hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, the creation of an artificial esophagus from the small intestine, esophagoejunostomy after removal of the stomach, and others.
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Pélissier, René. "Le Mozambique et ses « cousins » [Benjamin Nûnez : Dictionary of Portuguese-African Civilization, vol. 1 : From discovery to independence ; Jaroslav Cerny & Otakar Hulec (eds) : Africana Bohemien. Bibliographia 1918-1988 ; Tim Youngs : Travellers in Africa. British travelogues, 1850-1900 ; Sven Lindqvist : « Exterminate all the brutes » ; Nils Chr. Stenseth, Kjetil Paulsen & Rolf Karlsen (red.) : Afrika. Natur, samfunn og Bistand ; Abdulai Sila : L'ultime tragédie ; Colin Darch : Tanzania. Revised edition ; Pierre Macaire : L'héritage makhuwa au Mozambique ; Andrew C. Ross : Blantyre Mission and the making of modern Malawi ; Allen Isaacman : Cotton is the mother of poverty. Peasants, work and rural struggle in colonial Mozambique, 1938-1961 ; Ricardo de Saavedra : Os dias do fini ; Carlos Vale Ferraz : Os lobos nâo usam coleiras ; Rachel Waterhouse : Mozambique. Rising from the ashes ; Satu Ojanperâ : When people have to move away. Ressettlement as part of erosion control in Nacala, Mozambique ; Jean Dominique Durand et Régis Ladous : Andréa Riccardi, Sant'Egidio, Rome et le Monde ; Éric Morier-Genoud : Of God and Caesar : The relation between Christian Churches and the State in colonial Mozambique, 1974-1981 ; Nations unies : The emergency situation in Mozambique. Priority, requirements for the period 1990-1991 ; Philippe Val : Allez-y, vous n 'en reviendrez pas (la suite) ; Joseph Hanlon : Peace without profit. How the IMF blocks rebuilding in Mozambique ; Brazâo Mazula : Educaçâo, culturel e ideologia em Moçambique : 1975-1985 ; Stephen John Stedman : Peacemaking in civil war. International mediation in Zimbabwe, 1974-1980 ; Thomas Ohlson, Stephen John Stedman & Robert Davies : The new is not born. Conflict resolution in Southern Africa ; Edmond J. Keller & Donald Rothchild (eds.) : Africa in the new international order. Rethinking State sovereignty and régional security ; hester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson & Pamela Aall (eds.) : Managing global chaos. Sources of and responses to international conflict ; Paul B. Rich (éd.) : Reaction and renewal in South Africa ; Jakkie Cilliers & Greg Mills (eds.) : Peacekeeping in Africa, vol. 2]." Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer 84, no. 317 (1997): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/outre.1997.3592.
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de Ligt, Luuk. "Marco Maiuro, Res Caesaris. Ricerche sulla proprietà imperiale nel Principato." Klio 98, no. 1 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2016-0027.
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Günther, Sven. "Marco Maiuro, RES CAESARIS. Ricerche sulla proprietà imperiale nel Principato. (Pragmateiai, 23.) Bari, Edipuglia 2012." Historische Zeitschrift 300, no. 1 (January 5, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2015-0028.
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