Journal articles on the topic 'Requisite complexity'
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Hannah, Sean T., Robert G. Lord, and Craig L. Pearce. "Leadership and collective requisite complexity." Organizational Psychology Review 1, no. 3 (July 28, 2011): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041386611402116.
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Chester, Mikhail V., and Braden Allenby. "Infrastructure autopoiesis: requisite variety to engage complexity." Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac4b48.
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Abstract Infrastructure systems must change to match the growing complexity of the environments they operate in. Yet the models of governance and the core technologies they rely on are structured around models of relative long-term stability that appear increasingly insufficient and even problematic. As the environments in which infrastructure function become more complex, infrastructure systems must adapt to develop a repertoire of responses sufficient to respond to the increasing variety of conditions and challenges. Whereas in the past infrastructure leadership and system design has emphasized organization strategies that primarily focus on exploitation (e.g., efficiency and production, amenable to conditions of stability), in the future they must create space for exploration, the innovation of what the organization is and does. They will need to create the abilities to maintain themselves in the face of growing complexity by creating the knowledge, processes, and technologies necessary to engage environment complexity. We refer to this capacity as infrastructure autopoiesis. In doing so infrastructure organizations should focus on four key tenets. First, a shift to sustained adaptation—perpetual change in the face of destabilizing conditions often marked by uncertainty—and away from rigid processes and technologies is necessary. Second, infrastructure organizations should pursue restructuring their bureaucracies to distribute more resources and decisionmaking capacity horizontally, across the organization’s hierarchy. Third, they should build capacity for horizon scanning, the process of systematically searching the environment for opportunities and threats. Fourth, they should emphasize loose fit design, the flexibility of assets to pivot function as the environment changes. The inability to engage with complexity can be expected to result in a decoupling between what our infrastructure systems can do and what we need them to do, and autopoietic capabilities may help close this gap by creating the conditions for a sufficient repertoire to emerge.
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Christopher, Martin. "Managing Supply Chain Complexity: Identifying the Requisite Skills." Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal 13, no. 2 (January 2012): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2012.11517288.
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Scott, William. "Adding requisite complexity to the struggle of ideas." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21, no. 1 (January 2006): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.019.
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Hannah, Sean T., Peter L. Jennings, and Orly Ben-Yoav Nobel. "Tactical Military Leader Requisite Complexity: Toward a Referent Structure." Military Psychology 22, no. 4 (September 30, 2010): 412–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2010.513253.
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Lord, Robert G., Sean T. Hannah, and Peter L. Jennings. "A framework for understanding leadership and individual requisite complexity." Organizational Psychology Review 1, no. 2 (April 8, 2011): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041386610384757.
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Kubik, George H. "Alpha societies and requisite variety: a projected framework for governance, education, and work in the 21st century." On the Horizon 23, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-05-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to define a framework for projecting future leading-edge alpha societies based on the principle of requisite variety. Alpha societies are advanced as a platform for creating future forms of work and workforce preparation premised on continuous creativity, invention, design and innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The principle of requisite variety is presented as the basis for a structured schema that incorporates trends and developments in anticipatory behaviors, systems thinking, creativity, design and innovation to produce a strategy for continuous leading-edge learning and performance. Findings – Growing global hypercompetition requires real-time ability to create and deliver world-class ideas and value-adding products and services in the shortest possible timeframes. This challenge requires societies, enterprises and individuals that are capable of continuously expanding and expressing their internal variety and complexity while rapidly decreasing the gaps between learning and doing. Research limitations/implications – The principle of requisite variety has been well known to cybernetics and systems communities since 1956. However, literature linking the principle of requisite variety to the future of learning and work is not well developed. Practical implications – This article establishes requisite variety generation as a valuable resource for twenty-first century societies and economies engaged in producing leading-edge outcomes. Social implications – The requisite variety framework developed in this article is intended to enhance the ability of leading-edge societies to continuously leapfrog existing educational, social and economic trajectories. Originality/value – The author defines the future of education and work in terms of enhancing individual, enterprise and societal abilities to absorb, generate and exploit variety, complexity and ambiguity.
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Haggerty, Terry R. "Designing Control and Information Systems in Sport Organizations: A Cybernetic Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2.1.53.
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This paper suggests cybernetic strategies for improving organizational control and information systems. The suggestions are based on the postulates of Beer’s cybernetic Viable System Model (VSM). The VSM was based on the way the human body’s neural control system successfully manages the high degree of complexity it regularly faces. The model identifies five linked control subsystems and specifies propositions concerning their information-processing behavior. The five systems are responsible for the following key tasks: policy development, environmental matters, internal control, coordination of basic units, and the basic work of the system. The information-handling propositions focus on providing requisite capacities in (a) the communication channels linking the five control systems, (b) the transducers that carry information across system boundaries, and (c) the complexity of linked pairs of control systems. The suggested management strategies focus on designing organizations to satisfy the task differentiation, communication channel capacity, transducer capacity, and requisite complexity postulates of the model.
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Knoll, Michael, and Hannes Zacher. "To understand ICT use, instead of defragmentation, we need to build requisite complexity." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 14, no. 3 (September 2021): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2021.84.
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Poulis, Konstantinos, and Efthimios Poulis. "Problematizing Fit and Survival: Transforming the Law of Requisite Variety Through Complexity Misalignment." Academy of Management Review 41, no. 3 (July 2016): 503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0073.
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Palumbo, Rocco, and Rosalba Manna. "The need for requisite variety to support growth: an organizational life cycle perspective." Journal of Strategy and Management 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-10-2016-0072.
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PurposeDrawing on the “Giffoni Experience” case study, the purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual link between requisite variety and organizational life cycle. The law of requisite variety states that – to be viable – a system should be able to achieve the minimum number of states which are required to deal with environmental uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive case study approach was taken, which allowed a holistic analysis of the subject being investigated. Multiple sources and different techniques were used to collect relevant data, including: document analysis, unstructured interviews with key informants, and participant observation.FindingsThe development of requisite variety is intended to fill the gap between organizational adaptability and increased environmental complexity. The process of requisite variety generation is influenced by the organizational life cycle stages, turning out to be reactive in the early phases of life and proactive in the maturity ones. Ultimately, the development of requisite variety makes the organization able to establish a co-evolving relationship with the environment, which paves the way for greater organizational adaptability and effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings are not generalizable; besides, the exploratory nature of this study did not allow to point out a consistent relationship between requisite variety and the organizational life cycle.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to examine requisite variety adopting the conceptual lenses of organizational life cycle. Empirical research works dealing with requisite variety are uncommon and generally overlooked by management scholars and practitioners.
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Campani, Carlos A. P., and Paulo Blauth Menezes. "Teorias da Aleatoriedade." Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2004): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.5983.
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This work is a survey about the definition of “random sequence”. We emphasize the definition of Martin-Löf and the definition based on incompressibility (Kolmogorov complexity). Kolmogorov complexity is a profound and sofisticated theory of information and randomness based on Turing machines. These two definitions solve all the problems of the other approaches, satisfying our intuitive concept of randomness, and both are mathematically correct. Furthermore, we show the Schnorr’s approach, that includes a requisite of effectiveness (computability) in his definition. We show the relations between all definitions in a critical way.
Keywords: randomness, Kolmogorov complexity, Turing machine, computability,
probability.
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Elgayeva, Ekaterina. "A Leadership Development Kōan: Vulnerability as Change Capacity." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 57, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00218863211046271.
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How are organizations embracing the emotional complexity of the emerging organizational landscape? More specifically, how do leaders develop the capacity necessary to infuse the organization's emotional circuitry with renewed energy at a time of transformation? In this essay, I posit that vulnerability can be the threshold for change capacity in institutional work, fortifying leaders' developmental trajectories and transforming organizing and organizations. While paradoxical, the regenerative nature of vulnerability yields change capacity requisite of navigating the emotional complexity leaders encounter on their developmental journeys.
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Espejo, Raul. "Performance for viability: complexity and variety management." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (June 1, 2015): 1020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2015-0044.
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Purpose – It is natural for interacting organisational actors and environmental agents to experience complexity asymmetries. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the balancing of these complexities at a level of performance that not only maintains the organisation’s viability but also the health of its ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach – Ashby (1964) proposed variety, or the number of possible states of a situation, as a measure of complexity and the Law of Requisite Variety as an ontology and heuristic for complexity management strategies. Following these propositions Beer’s variety engineering (Beer, 1979) is a construct to design these strategies. Findings – This paper offers epistemological and methodological considerations to discuss the viability and performance of organisational systems. Research limitations/implications – Measuring organisational performance needs powerful methodological support. This paper offers to some extend this support but it needs further development. Practical implications – Performance is related to the concept of dynamic capabilities, which in recent times has had important practical implications. Originality/value – Though the concepts of this paper have a long history, their methodological articulation is original.
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Farahmandpour, Zeinab, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, and Alex Stojcevski. "New Service Virtualisation Approach to Generate the Categorical Fields in the Service Response." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236776.
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Software services communicate with different requisite services over the computer network to accomplish their tasks. The requisite services may not be readily available to test a specific service. Thus, service virtualisation has been proposed as an industry solution to ensure availability of the interactive behaviour of the requisite services. However, the existing techniques of virtualisation cannot satisfy the required accuracy or time constraints to keep up with the competitive business world. These constraints sacrifices quality and testing coverage, thereby delaying the delivery of software. We proposed a novel technique to improve the accuracy of the existing service virtualisation solutions without sacrificing time. This method generates the service response and predicts categorical fields in virtualised responses, extending existing research with lower complexity and higher accuracy. The proposed service virtualisation approach uses conditional entropy to identify the fields that can be used to drive the value of each categorical field based on the historical messages. Then, it uses joint probability distribution to find the best values for the categorical fields. The experimental evaluation illustrates that the proposed approach can generate responses with the required fields and accurate values for categorical fields over four data sets with stateful nature.
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Pagani, Camilla. "Violence and Complexity." Open Psychology Journal 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101508010011.
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Like all the phenomena that the human mind is knowledgeable about, the phenomenon of violence should be regarded as a complex macrosystem, where systems of networks and agents are linked and interact at different interconnected levels. This means that complexity refers to the phenomenon per se, to the various cognitive and emotional processes through which the human mind should examine and evaluate it and to the development of solutions to eradicate violence itself. It is clear that the complexity of these processes of examination and evaluation should be a requisite both of scientists and of laypeople. This does not mean that the scientist or the layperson should be knowledgeable about all the components and aspects of the macrosystem in their complex interconnections but that they should think and act on the grounds of their awareness of this complexity. One of the main issues relating to the study of violence is the definition of violence itself. In this respect, it is here suggested that thoughts and emotions, and not only behaviors, should be included in the definition of violence. As an exemplar of the difficulty regarding this specific issue, some considerations will draw on data obtained in a previous study on children and adolescents’ animal abuse experiences. It is also important to point out that complexity does not only refer to the explorations of the connections between systems taken from different research fields (e.g., neurology, biology, psychology, sociology, etc.). It can also refer, for example, to the theoretical premises of the research and of the questions at stake, to the scope and aims of the research and of these questions, and to the methods used in the investigation. In the same way, it is also important to bear in mind that, rooted in the theoretical premises and in the aims, are also specific views of society and life in general and that these views deeply and unavoidably affect the whole investigation process. It is clear that focusing on complexity also means opposing the fragmentation which usually characterizes the scientific study of violence and the interventions aiming to countervail it. Finally, as complexity theory indicates, through this “holistic” approach, a new conceptualization and understanding of violence could emerge so as to lead to more innovative and effective solutions to the problem of violence.
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D. Crabtree, John, and Xihui "Paul" Zhang. "Recognizing and Managing Complexity: Teaching Advanced Programming Concepts and Techniques Using the Zebra Puzzle." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 14 (2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2263.
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Teaching advanced programming can be a challenge, especially when the students are pursuing different majors with diverse analytical and problem-solving capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the efficacy of using a particular problem as a vehicle for imparting a broad set of programming concepts and problem-solving techniques. We present a classic brain teaser that is used to communicate and demonstrate advanced software development concepts and techniques. Our results show that students with varied academic experiences and goals, assuming at least one procedural/structured programming pre-requisite, can benefit from and also be challenged by such an exercise. Although this problem has been used by others in the classroom, we believe that our use of this problem in imparting such a broad range of topics to a diverse student population is unique.
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Roumiguié, Mathieu, Evanguelos Xylinas, Antonin Brisuda, Maximillian Burger, Hugh Mostafid, Marc Colombel, Marek Babjuk, Joan Palou Redorta, Fred Witjes, and Bernard Malavaud. "Consensus Definition and Prediction of Complexity in Transurethral Resection or Bladder Endoscopic Dissection of Bladder Tumours." Cancers 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 3063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12103063.
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Ten senior urologists were interrogated to develop a predictive model based on factors from which they could anticipate complex transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT). Complexity was defined by consensus. Panel members then used a five-point Likert scale to grade those factors that, in their opinion, drove complexity. Consensual factors were highlighted through two Delphi rounds. Respective contributions to complexity were quantitated by the median values of their scores. Multivariate analysis with complexity as a dependent variable tested their independence in clinical scenarios obtained by random allocation of the factors. The consensus definition of complexity was “any TURBT/En-bloc dissection that results in incomplete resection and/or prolonged surgery (>1 h) and/or significant (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) perioperative complications”. Logistic regression highlighted five domains as independent predictors: patient’s history, tumour number, location, and size and access to the bladder. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed good discrimination (AUC = 0.92). The sum of the scores of the five domains adjusted to their regression coefficients or Bladder Complexity Score yielded comparable performance (AUC = 0.91, C-statistics, p = 0.94) and good calibration. As a whole, preoperative factors identified by expert judgement were organized to quantitate the risk of a complex TURBT, a crucial requisite to personalise patient information, adapt human and technical resources to individual situations and address TURBT variability in clinical trials.
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Rohn, Eli, and Denis Blackmore. "A Unified Localizable Emergency Events Scale." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiscrm.2009071001.
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Managers of emergencies face challenges of complexity, uncertainty, and unpredictably. Triadic constraints imply requisite parsimony in describing the essence of the emergency, its magnitude and direction of development. Linguistic separation increases as the crisis management organization is more complex and made up of diverse constituents. Therefore, a standard objective emergency scale is vital to quantify and unambiguously communicate the nature of any emergency. Previous work laid the foundations for an objective measurable emergency event scale. This article proposes a unified emergency scale based on a mathematical model, accompanied by several examples spanning local to national events.
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Espejo, Raul. "Our Cyber-Systemic Future." International Journal of Systems and Society 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijss.2017010103.
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How can systems and cybernetics address the issues arising from an increasingly complex world, that often is beyond our traditional response capabilities? The author argues that to address such complexity we require imaginative propositions and innovative behaviours to see and address the inherently systemic nature of our world, which too often is fragmented by policies driven by non-systemic models. Socially, we live in a world experiencing systemic deficit; our policy responses are often fragmented, but even if they are not, socially designed responses fail to recognise environmental constraints and produce innovative allocations of requisite resources to make them happen. The author argues that conversational spaces, such as those offered by the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics [WOSC], and other cybersystemic associations, should help dealing with fragmentation and resources allocation; he sees these conversations as necessary contributions to redress our systemic deficit. Systemic thinking should help in visualising social situations as wholes, thus reducing the chances of dysfunctional fragmentation and cybernetics should help us understanding processes of dynamic stability in the interactions among and between people, institutions, and organizations. Systemic thinking should give us methodological tools; cybernetics should give us communication tools to manage the complexity of situations from the local to the global. The paper discusses complexity management strategies, emphasising the need to deal operationally with this complexity rather than cognitively; operational complexity is orders of magnitude larger than cognitive complexity. The paper ends up with an illustration of these complexity management strategies in higher education.
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Brdlík, Pavel, Nirav Sailor, and Jiří Bobek. "Computer Analysis of Polyolefins Produced with Injection Molding Process Using Physical Blowing Agents." Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.299.
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The complexity of today's plastic parts as well as the costs, quality makes it necessary to recognize potential errors early, already in the development phase of parts and moulds. Therefore, computer analysis became requisite part of any preprocessing phases. Due to the continuous effort decrease product weight and price many new techniques were developed recently. One relatively new end very effective technique is production of light construction products with using foaming agents. The main aim of this paper is therefore focuses on verification of computer analysis of Microcellular injection moulding process using physical blowing agents for the most used group of polymers which are polyolefins.
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Aminu, Jibril, Tahir Ahmad, and Surajo Sulaiman. "Representation of multi-connected system of Fuzzy State Space Modeling (FSSM) in potential method based on a network context." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.545.
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The complexity of a system of Fuzzy State Space Modeling (FSSM) is the reason that leads to the main objective of this research. A multi-connected system of Fuzzy State Space Model is made up of several components, each of which performs a function. These components are interconnected in some manner and determine how the overall system operates. In this study, we study the concept of graph, network system and network projections which are the requisite knowledge to potential method. Finally, the multi-connected system of FSSM of type A namely feeder, common feeder and greatest common feeder are transformed into potential method using various method of transformation.
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Taylor, J. G. "What do Neuronal Network Models of the Mind Indicate About Animal Consciousness?" Animal Welfare 10, S1 (February 2001): S63—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023526.
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AbstractThe attempt to provide a firm scientific basis for understanding consciousness is now in full swing, with special contributions from two areas. One is experimental: brain imaging is providing ever increasing detail of the brain structures used by humans (and other animals) as they solve a variety of tasks, including those of higher cognition. The other is theoretical: the discipline of neural networks is allowing models of these cognitive processes to be constructed and tested against the available data. In particular, a control framework can be created to give a global view of the brain. The highest cognitive process, that of consciousness, is naturally a target for such experimentation and modelling. This paper reviews available data and related models leading to the central representation, which involves particular brain regions and functional processing. Principles of consciousness, which have great relevance to the question in the title, are thereby deduced. The requisite neuronal systems needed to provide animal experience, and the problem of assessing the quality and quantity of such experience, will then be considered. In conclusion, animal consciousness is seen to exist broadly across those species with the requisite control structures; the level of pain and other sensations depends in an increasingly well-defined manner on the complexity of the cerebral apparatus.
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Umam, Khotibul. "IMPLIKASI YURIDIS TRANSFORMASI UNIT SYARIAH PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI/REASURANSI KE DALAM PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI/REASURANSI SYARIAH." Veritas et Justitia 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 380–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.v7i2.4336.
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In this article the author examines the juridical implications of transforming Units of Insurance/Reinsurance Company into Sharia Insurance/Reinsurance Company. It peruses two different models, the pure model, and the acquisition model. Both have its own strong and weak points. The pure models show its strongest point in being simpler about Sharia compliance. Its weakness, however, is the requirement of priory obtaining permit in principle and business permits. In contrast, the superiority of the acquisition model lies in its simplicity of licensing and conversion permits. Its disadvantage is in the complexity of contract conversion. Regarding assets and liabilities, strict adherence to the Sharia principles, voluntarisms, and avoidance of the mixing of halal and haram, is a pre-requisite
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Weinrich, Michael, Denise McCall, Katharina I. Boser, and Telana Virata. "Narrative and Procedural Discourse Production by Severely Aphasic Patients." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 16, no. 3 (September 2002): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596802401105199.
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Five chronically aphasic subjects were trained on a computerized iconographic communication system (C-VIC). Their performance in producing single sentences, scripts, and narratives was assessed using both spoken English and C-VIC. The requisite vocabulary necessary and the narrative complexity of the target productions were controlled. Subject performance using C-VIC indicates that the ability to construct discourse at the macrostructural level is largely intact. Despite significant improvements in spoken production after C-VIC training, especially at the single sentence level, the subjects’ spoken discourse remains severely impaired by their failures at the microlinguistic level. These results point to the limits of currently available approaches to the remediation of aphasia and suggest avenues for future research.
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Kamanyire, Joy K., and Susan Achora. "A Call for More Diploma Nurses to Attain a Baccalaureate Degree : Advancing the nursing profession in Oman." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2015.03.004.
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The healthcare needs of the Omani population are evolving, particularly with regards to changes in disease complexity, advances in technology and the enhanced delivery of healthcare services. Nurses now need to adapt to a fundamental shift in the provision of patient-centred care. In line with lifelong learning goals, registered nurses in Oman at the diploma level should seek to obtain a more advanced qualification, for instance a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, to ensure they possess the requisite skills and knowledge to keep abreast of new developments in healthcare management. Challenges involved in this transition and suggestions to overcome these potential obstacles are discussed in this article in order to inform nursing education stakeholders. Recommendations to ensure the success of bridging programmes are also suggested.
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Davis, Robert B. "Classrooms and Cognition." Journal of Education 178, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749617800101.
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Classroom practice should be directly related to a theory of learning. Mathematics educators have used the works of theorists such as Skinner, Piaget, and Bruner to guide their work. Recant innovations in classroom practice include listening to students' explanations of their mathematical reasoning processes, recognizing students' potential for mathematical reasoning. recognizing the number and complexity of processes necessary for the solution of problems, and providing experiences that encourage students to construct assimilation paradigms to help them reconcile new concepts with their current knowledge base and thus construct new knowledge. Do we have a sound base of theoretical support for these new practices? The author argues that the requisite theories do exist, but probably not as a single unified theory at the present time.
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Morgan, Perri, Christine M. Everett, Valerie A. Smith, Sandra Woolson, David Edelman, Cristina C. Hendrix, Theodore S. Z. Berkowitz, Brandolyn White, and George L. Jackson. "Factors Associated With Having a Physician, Nurse Practitioner, or Physician Assistant as Primary Care Provider for Veterans With Diabetes Mellitus." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801771276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017712762.
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Expanded use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) is a potential solution to workforce issues, but little is known about how NPs and PAs can best be used. Our study examines whether medical and social complexity of patients is associated with whether their primary care provider (PCP) type is a physician, NP, or PA. In this national retrospective cohort study, we use 2012-2013 national Veterans Administration (VA) electronic health record data from 374 223 veterans to examine whether PCP type is associated with patient, clinic, and state-level factors representing medical and social complexity, adjusting for all variables simultaneously using a generalized logit model. Results indicate that patients with physician PCPs are modestly more medically complex than those with NP or PA PCPs. For the group having a Diagnostic Cost Group (DCG) score >2.0 compared with the group having DCG <0.5, odds of having an NP or a PA were lower than for having a physician PCP (NP odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.88; PA OR = 0.85, CI: 0.80-0.89). Social complexity is not consistently associated with PCP type. Overall, we found minor differences in provider type assignment. This study improves on previous work by using a large national dataset that accurately ascribes the work of NPs and PAs, analyzing at the patient level, analyzing NPs and PAs separately, and addressing social as well as medical complexity. This is a requisite step toward studies that compare patient outcomes by provider type.
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Johnston, Judith R., and Linda B. Smith. "Dimensional Thinking in Language Impaired Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 1 (March 1989): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3201.33.
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This study investigated the dimensional knowledge evidenced by language impaired (LI) preschoolers. Ten LI and 10 language normal (LN) children, aged 3:6 to 5:9, were asked to solve verbal and nonverbal problems requiring color and size judgments. There were no group differences on the verbal task, but the LI children performed less well than the LN children on the nonverbal task. Much of this difference stemmed from their difficulty with size items. The ordinal nature of the size dimension implies greater cognitive processing demands than are inherent in nominal dimensions such as color. Given the known processing limitations of language impaired children, this complexity apparently can lead to erroneous judgment even when requisite knowledge is present. It may also contribute to delays in the initial construction of dimensional knowledge.
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Bouchaqour, Mariame, Lahcen Bahi, and Latifa Ouadif. "The Observation and Modeling Contribution to Urban Geotechnical Works Projects: Al Boustane Clinic Extension, Rabat-Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015003015.
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Starting each geotechnical work site needs a preparatory study and a pre-design. Both of them requisite an observation intervention before, in particular, those in urban sites. The purpose of this paper is to explain how observation combined with modeling makes it possible to manage the difficulty and complexity of this type of project, based on the observational method. Thus, a safe geotechnical structure requires a modeling based on observation investigation and site survey. In accordance with the site’s context, the model will be verified to see if the actual behavior is consistent with the design modeling. On this manner, we will detail this illustrated approach on several concrete geotechnical projects cases. This article will also include a case study of Alboustane clinic’s extension, in Morocco, to illustrate this method.
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Yool, A., E. E. Popova, and T. R. Anderson. "Medusa-1.0: a new intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model for the global domain." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2011): 381–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-381-2011.
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Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional consequences for the wider carbon cycle. Just as in the terrestrial biosphere, marine ecosystems exhibit marked diversity in species and functional types of organisms. Predicting potential change in plankton ecosystems therefore requires the use of models that are suited to this diversity, but whose parameterisation also permits robust and realistic functional behaviour. In the past decade, advances in model sophistication have attempted to address diversity, but have been criticised for doing so inaccurately or ahead of a requisite understanding of underlying processes. Here we introduce MEDUSA-1.0 (Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification), a new "intermediate complexity" plankton ecosystem model that expands on traditional nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models, and remains amenable to global-scale evaluation. MEDUSA-1.0 includes the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, silicon and iron, broadly structured into "small" and "large" plankton size classes, of which the "large" phytoplankton class is representative of a key phytoplankton group, the diatoms. A full description of MEDUSA-1.0's state variables, differential equations, functional forms and parameter values is included, with particular attention focused on the submodel describing the export of organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. MEDUSA-1.0 is used here in a multi-decadal hindcast simulation, and its biogeochemical performance evaluated at the global scale.
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Weiss, Chester J., G. Didem Beskardes, Kris MacLennan, Michael J. Wilt, Evan Schankee Um, and Don C. Lawton. "Observing and modeling the effects of production infrastructure in electromagnetic surveys." Leading Edge 41, no. 2 (February 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41020100.1.
Full textAbstract:
Electromagnetic (EM) methods are among the original techniques for subsurface characterization in exploration geophysics because of their particular sensitivity to the earth electrical conductivity, a physical property of rocks distinct yet complementary to density, magnetization, and strength. However, this unique ability also makes them sensitive to metallic artifacts — infrastructure such as pipes, cables, and other forms of cultural clutter — the EM footprint of which often far exceeds their diminutive stature when compared to that of bulk rock itself. In the hunt for buried treasure or unexploded ordnance, this is an advantage; in the long-term monitoring of mature oil fields after decades of production, it is quite troublesome indeed. Here we consider the latter through the lens of an evolving energy industry landscape in which the traditional methods of EM characterization for the exploration geophysicist are applied toward emergent problems in well-casing integrity, carbon capture and storage, and overall situational awareness in the oil field. We introduce case studies from these exemplars, showing how signals from metallic artifacts can dominate those from the target itself and impose significant burdens on the requisite simulation complexity. We also show how recent advances in numerical methods mitigate the computational explosivity of infrastructure modeling, providing feasible and real-time analysis tools for the desktop geophysicist. Lastly, we demonstrate through comparison of field data and simulation results that incorporation of infrastructure into the analysis of such geophysical data is, in a growing number of cases, a requisite but now manageable step.
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Peiris, G. L. "Involuntary manslaughter in Commonwealth Law." Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 21–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1985.tb00320.x.
Full textAbstract:
It has been aptly observed that ‘Of all crimes manslaughter appears to afford most difficulties of definition’. More recently, the Court of Criminal Appeal in England has made the comment: ‘There has never been a complete and satisfactory definition of manslaughter.’The complexity of definition is associated with a peculiar feature of manslaughter, in that the essential mental requisite consists of the accused's state of mind in relation to his physical act rather than to a particular consequence of the actus reus. The crime of manslaughter postulates mew Tea only in the special sense of intention to commit the act which brings about the consequence of death, even though this consequence may not have been desired or even foreseen by the accused. Thus, the intention to cause death or serious injury is not necessarily a requirement of liability for manslaughter.
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Kafia, Elisabeta, Silva Ibrahimi, and Ervin Ibrahimi. "Historical, Contemporary and Psychological Viewpoints of Teacher’s Leadership." Open Journal for Educational Research 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojer.0501.01001k.
Full textAbstract:
Today, in the 21st century, an increasing number of children and youth are facing disorders, problems and challenges regarding the nature of learning, psycho-emotional, social behavior, and further on. Today, the educational system faces not only a number of students with difficulties, but also the multitude of severity and complexity of the difficulties themselves. To successfully cope with these difficulties, immediate needs have arisen to redefine the role of the teacher as a leader in the school both in terms of teaching and in the form of reforming the roles and services that day-to-day access to students, parents and the wider community. The focus of this article is to present a broader and supportive view of the teacher leadership and its psychological and social training towards qualitative changes and ever-increasing demand for education-based training as a significant pre-requisite for EU integration.
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Watson, RA, CT Turnbull, and KJ Derbyshire. "Identifying tropical penaeid recruitment patterns." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960077.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of recruitment patterns is a requisite for modern fisheries management. These patterns can range in complexity from a single pulse of identically sized and aged prawns, which is often assumed in fisheries models, to continuous recruitment by prawns of several ages. Existing techniques used to identify recruitment patterns range from the ad hoc use of size limits to more complex methods that examine changes in length-frequency modes through time. A model that allowed variable growth of individuals was used to simulate monthly length-frequency fisheries data from a range of recruitment patterns of varying complexity. The effectiveness of a range of methods to identify these underlying recruitment patterns was examined. Length-frequency survey data from tropical penaeid fisheries for Penaeus esculentus, the brown tiger prawn, in two locations off north-eastem Australia (Torres Strait and Turtle Island Group) were also subjected to these methods. Methods that employed simple truncation by length successfully identified simple recruitment patterns but were not effective for multi-age recruitment patterns. Only the length-cohort and age-cohort methods could identify the presence of older recruits in multi-age patterns. All methods were sensitive to estimates of growth parameters, particularly the cohort-based methods. Results suggest that P. esculentus from the two fisheries examined had different recruitment patterns requiring different management approaches.
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Zhan, Pengfei, Maximilian J. Urban, Steffen Both, Xiaoyang Duan, Anton Kuzyk, Thomas Weiss, and Na Liu. "DNA-assembled nanoarchitectures with multiple components in regulated and coordinated motion." Science Advances 5, no. 11 (November 2019): eaax6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6023.
Full textAbstract:
Coordinating functional parts to operate in concert is essential for machinery. In gear trains, meshed gears are compactly interlocked, working together to impose rotation or translation. In photosynthetic systems, a variety of biological entities in the thylakoid membrane interact with each other, converting light energy into chemical energy. However, coordinating individual parts to carry out regulated and coordinated motion within an artificial nanoarchitecture poses challenges, owing to the requisite control on the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate DNA-directed nanosystems, which comprise hierarchically-assembled DNA origami filaments, fluorophores, and gold nanocrystals. These individual building blocks can execute independent, synchronous, or joint motion upon external inputs. These are optically monitored in situ using fluorescence spectroscopy, taking advantage of the sensitive distance-dependent interactions between the gold nanocrystals and fluorophores positioned on the DNA origami. Our work leverages the complexity of DNA-based artificial nanosystems with tailored dynamic functionality, representing a viable route towards technomimetic nanomachinery.
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Belkadi, Y., and A. D. Campbell. "Naturalistic Driver Behaviour in Response to the Multi-Sensory Experience of Rear-End Collisions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601602.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to quantify naturalistic driver behaviour during real-world rear-end collisions. Rear-end collisions from the 100-car naturalistic driving database were reviewed and behaviour of drivers in the struck vehicles (i.e., lead vehicles) were analyzed. Results indicate that rear-ended drivers disengage their foot from the brake pedal and then reapply within average perception and response intervals (0.90 seconds; 0.15 SD) and braking intensities (0.50 g; 0.27 SD) consistent with visual detection of immediate collision hazards, despite the added complexity of a multi-sensory collision experience. Together with previous research, these data suggest that perception and response durations and braking intensities are scaled to the severity of the detected hazard. This research has applications to forensic investigations of collisions in which the inclusion of driver behaviour data is a requisite to quantifying impact dynamics and the analysis of collision avoidance potential in real-world conditions.
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Yool, A., E. E. Popova, and T. R. Anderson. "<i>MEDUSA</i>: a new intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model for the global domain." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 3, no. 4 (October 29, 2010): 1939–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-3-1939-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional consequences for the wider carbon cycle. Just as in the terrestrial biosphere, marine ecosystems exhibit marked diversity in species and functional types of organisms. Predicting potential change in plankton ecosystems therefore requires the use of models that are suited to this diversity, but whose parameterisation also permits robust and realistic functional behaviour. In the past decade, advances in model sophistication have attempted to address diversity, but have been criticised for doing so inaccurately or ahead of a requisite understanding of underlying processes. Here we introduce MEDUSA (Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification), a new "intermediate complexity" plankton ecosystem model that expands on traditional nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models, and remains amenable to global-scale evaluation. MEDUSA includes the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, silicon and iron, broadly structured into "small" and "large" plankton size classes, of which the "large" phytoplankton class is representative of a key phytoplankton group, the diatoms. A full description of MEDUSA's state variables, differential equations, functional forms and parameter values is included, with particular attention focused on the submodel describing the export of organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. MEDUSA is used here in a multi-decadal hindcast simulation, and its biogeochemical performance evaluated at the global scale.
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Marques, Francisco, Filipe G. A. Silva, Tiago E. F. Silva, Pedro A. R. Rosa, António T. Marques, and Abílio M. P. de Jesus. "Delamination of Fibre Metal Laminates Due to Drilling: Experimental Study and Fracture Mechanics-Based Modelling." Metals 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081262.
Full textAbstract:
Fibre metal laminates (FML) are significantly adopted in the aviation industry due to their convenient combination of specific strength, impact resistance and ductility. Drilling of such materials is a regular pre-requisite which enables assembly operations, typically through rivet joining. However, the hole-making operation is of increased complexity due to the dissimilarity of the involved materials, often resulting in defects (i.e., material interface delamination), which can significantly compromise the otherwise excellent fatigue strength. This work explores the potential of three different drill geometries, operating under variable cutting speeds and feeds on CFRP-AA laminates. In addition, the usage of sacrificial back support is investigated and cutting load, surface roughness and delamination extension are examined. In order to predict delamination occurrence, ADCB tests are performed, enabling the calculation of fracture energy threshold. Drill geometry presents a very significant influence on delamination occurrence. The usage of specific step-tools with secondary cutting edge showed superior performance. Despite its simplicity, the applied critical force threshold model was able to successfully predict interface delamination with good accuracy.
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Thenjiwe Sithole and Jaco Du Toit. "A Cyber Counterintelligence Competence Framework." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 21, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.255.
Full textAbstract:
The increased use of cyberspace and technological advancement are fundamentally changing the cyber threat landscape. Cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated, frequent, and destructive. Internationally, there is a growing acceptance that Cyber Counterintelligence (CCI) is essential to counter cyber-attacks optimally. Therefore, in addition to government intelligence and security agencies, more companies are incorporating a CCI approach as a critical element of their posture for engaging cyber threats. However, the successful adoption of a CCI approach depends on the availability of skilled CCI professionals equipped with the requisite competences. The creation of such CCI professionals, in turn, requires a framework for developing the necessary CCI competences. At least in as far as reviewed academic literature is concerned, there is no existing postulation on a framework to develop the CCI competences, specifically for developing countries. Given the complexity and multi-disciplinary nature of the emerging CCI field, such a framework needs to provide two distinctive skillsets linked to CCI’s two distinct areas of expertise, namely cyber (security) and counterintelligence. The paper presents a high-level Cyber Counterintelligence Competence Framework (CCIC Framework) that outlines dimensions of CCI, functional areas, job roles and requisite competences (knowledge, skills, and abilities), and tasks for each CCI job role. The CCI framework also outlines five levels of proficiency expected for each job role. The identification of competences and levels of proficiency are integral to the successful implementation of the framework and workforce development. The CCIC Framework is intended to be used as a tool to retain, assess, and monitor knowledge, skills, and abilities for CCI workforce development. In addition, the CCIC Framework can be used to assist in providing the basis for individual performance management, education, training, and development pathway, as well as career progression. Therefore, this paper presents a CCIC Framework which is an overarching, integrative construct that synergistically combines different components required to develop a competent workforce for the emerging field of CCI.
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Prosdocimo, Domenick A., Jenine E. John, Lilei Zhang, Elizabeth S. Efraim, Rongli Zhang, Xudong Liao, and Mukesh K. Jain. "KLF15 and PPARαCooperate to Regulate Cardiomyocyte Lipid Gene Expression and Oxidation." PPAR Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/201625.
Full textAbstract:
The metabolic myocardium is an omnivore and utilizes various carbon substrates to meet its energetic demand. While the adult heart preferentially consumes fatty acids (FAs) over carbohydrates, myocardial fuel plasticity is essential for organismal survival. This metabolic plasticity governing fuel utilization is under robust transcriptional control and studies over the past decade have illuminated members of the nuclear receptor family of factors (e.g., PPARα) as important regulators of myocardial lipid metabolism. However, given the complexity of myocardial metabolism in health and disease, it is likely that other molecular pathways are likely operative and elucidation of such pathways may provide the foundation for novel therapeutic approaches. We previously demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is an independent regulator of cardiac lipid metabolism thus raising the possibility that KLF15 and PPARαoperate in a coordinated fashion to regulate myocardial gene expression requisite for lipid oxidation. In the current study, we show that KLF15 binds to, cooperates with, and is required for the induction of canonical PPARα-mediated gene expression and lipid oxidation in cardiomyocytes. As such, this study establishes a molecular module involving KLF15 and PPARαand provides fundamental insights into the molecular regulation of cardiac lipid metabolism.
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Miyashita, Masaaki. "Recent progress in the synthesis of bioactive polycyclic natural products." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779040651.
Full textAbstract:
The zoanthamine alkaloids, a type of heptacyclic marine alkaloid isolated from colonial zoanthids of the genus Zoanthus sp., have distinctive biological and pharmacological properties as well as their unique chemical structures with stereochemical complexity. Namely, norzoanthamine can suppress the loss of bone weight and strength in ovariectomized mice and has been considered a promising candidate for an antiosteoporotic drug, whereas zoanthamine has exhibited potent inhibitory activity toward phorbol myristate-induced inflammation in addition to powerful analgesic effects. Recently, norzoanthamine derivatives were demonstrated to inhibit strongly the growth of P-388 murine leukemia cell lines, in addition to their potent antiplatelet activities on human platelet aggregation. These distinctive biological properties, combined with novel chemical structures, make this family of alkaloids extremely attractive targets for chemical synthesis. However, the chemical synthesis of the zoanthamine alkaloids has been impeded owing to their densely fuctionalized complex stereostructures. We report here the first and highly stereoselective total syntheses of norzoanthamine and zoanthamine, which involves stereoselective synthesis of the requisite triene for intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction via three-component coupling reactions, a key intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, and subsequent crucial bis-aminoacetalization as the key steps.
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Dias, Mariana, João Pinto, Bruno Henriques, Paula Figueira, Elaine Fabre, Daniela Tavares, Carlos Vale, and Eduarda Pereira. "Nutshells as Efficient Biosorbents to Remove Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury from Contaminated Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041580.
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The release of potentially toxic elements into the environment, and their effects on aquatic ecosystems still present a real threat. To avoid such contamination, the use of biological sorbents as an alternative to conventional and expensive water remediation techniques has been proposed. The present study evaluated the potential of 0.5 g L−1 of peanut, hazelnut, pistachio, walnut, and almond shells to remove the requisite concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) from contaminated water. Hazelnut shells were identified as the sorbent with the highest potential and were evaluated in mono- and multi-contaminated mineral water. The influence of sorbent-intrinsic and solution-intrinsic characteristics were assessed. Differences among sorbents were attributed to varying percentages of their main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Matrix complexity increase caused a decrease in Cd removal, presumably due to the diminution in electrostatic interaction, and complexation with anions such as Cl−. When simultaneously present in the solution, contaminants competed, with Pb showing higher affinity to the sorbent than Hg. High efficiencies (>90%) obtained for hazelnut shells for all elements in ultrapure water and for Pb and Hg in mineral water) reveals the high potential of this low-cost and abundant waste for use in the remediation of contaminated waters (circular economy).
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Komlos, David, and David Benjamin. "A framework for confronting a pivotal change challenge." Strategy & Leadership 49, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-12-2020-0150.
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Purpose When confronted by high-stakes challenges that require a change of course leaders need fast, high-quality decisions and genuine team alignment on the path forward. To address this problem, we offer an experience-tested framework for confronting defining moments of high complexity, low clarity and weak alignment. Design/methodology/approach The framework is based on four key principles: a unifying goal, a requisite variety of people, a group-wide communication network that connects everyone on the team, repeated, high-quality collision. Findings Collisions among knowledgeable team members are what produce a solution and buy-in. They are what surfaces relevant understanding about how potential actions are connected. Practical implications For effective teams, identify those directly affected by the challenge, those with relevant experiences or specialist know-how and those who will ultimately own and execute solutions. Originality/value This step-by-step process guide will be useful to leaders needing to course correct while trying to digitize, merge, turn around, grow, deliver a leading-edge customer experience or during a myriad of other complex pursuits. The high-stakes nature of these challenges becomes apparent when leaders realize that their team’s current course and speed is not going to deliver the needed results and intended impact soon enough or, worse, not at all.
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Holmes, Vicki-Lynn, Jane Finn, and Karla Spence. "Foundations to Algebraic Mastery." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): p91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n2p91.
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Realizing that Algebra 1 is a gatekeeper to not only higher mathematics but STEM careers in general, it is imperative that our students master the content matter. Our Nation’s report card shows we are not progressing in this area. To assist in algebraic mastery, this paper describes and provides concrete examples of four research-based pedagogical elements that can aid in student success: (a) basic skill development, (b) computational ease, (c) step-by-step scaffolding, and (d) the extensive use of the Explain-Practice-Assess (EPA) Strategy. Basic skill development assures that all students begin with the requisite background, providing equal opportunity for success, which can promote student engagement. By eliminating unnecessary computational complexity, students are more likely to participate and persevere in problem-solving. The step-by-step scaffolding meets the students where they are and incrementally brings them to mastery, with new material taught in digestible bites. The EPA strategy provides a mean to move students through a topic at an appropriate pace—not moved too quickly; students are given the time necessary to conceptually understand the concepts taught. The four elements described herein serve as a guide to help Algebra I teachers attain success for all students.
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Sirigu, Antonello Sergej, Federico Gallizio, Giuseppe Giorgi, Mauro Bonfanti, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo. "Numerical and Experimental Identification of the Aerodynamic Power Losses of the ISWEC." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010049.
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The wave energy sector is experiencing lively years of conceptual innovation and technological advances. Among the great variety of candidates, only a few are going to be able to reach maturity and, eventually, industrial feasibility and competitiveness. The essential requisite for success is the continuous innovation in response to the incremental experience gained during the design and prototyping stages. In particular, the ability to generate detailed mathematical models, representative of every phenomenon involved in the system, is crucial for informing the design and control stages, allowing to maximize productivity while minimizing costs, and inspiring technological breakthrough and innovation. This papers considers the case of the ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter), where a technological leap is tightly linked with the modelling of aerodynamic losses around its spinning flywheel, the core of the energy conversion chain. Two mathematical models of increasing complexity are considered, one semi-empiric and one based on computational fluid dynamics, which are successfully validated against experimental data. Such models are used to quantify the benefits of a technological innovation consisting of enclosing the flywheel in a sealed container, allowing pressure regulation to reduce aerodynamic friction. Compared to the free configuration, power losses with the enclosed configuration are about half already at atmospheric pressure, and about one third at half the atmospheric pressure.
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Waitz, Ian A., Gautam Gauba, and Yang-Sheng Tzeng. "Combustors for Micro-Gas Turbine Engines." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819633.
Full textAbstract:
The development of a hydrogen-air microcombustor is described. The combustor is intended for use in a 1 mm2 inlet area, micro-gas turbine engine. While the size of the device poses several difficulties, it also provides new and unique opportunities. The combustion concept investigated is based upon introducing hydrogen and premixing it with air upstream of the combustor. The wide flammability limits of hydrogen-air mixtures and the use of refractory ceramics enable combustion at lean conditions, obviating the need for both a combustor dilution zone and combustor wall cooling. The entire combustion process is carried out at temperatures below the limitations set by material properties, resulting in a significant reduction of complexity when compared to larger-scale gas turbine combustors. A feasibility study with initial design analyses is presented, followed by experimental results from 0.13 cm3 silicon carbide and steel microcombustors. The combustors were operated for tens of hours, and produced the requisite heat release for a microengine application over a range of fuel-air ratios, inlet temperatures, and pressures up to four atmospheres. Issues of flame stability, heat transfer, ignition and mixing are addressed. A discussion of requirements for catalytic processes for hydrocarbon fuels is also presented.
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Togănel, Rodica. "Nutritional Approach of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease." Acta Medica Marisiensis 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2013-0029.
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Abstract Congenital heart defects are among the most frequent anomalies present at birth, representing a heterogeneous group of malformations, both in terms of pathogenesis and clinical significance of the lesion. Failure to grow is well documented in infants with complex congenital heart defects; the presence of associated chromosomal abnormalities, cyanosis, and cardiac failure adds to the complexity and challenge. Malnutrition etiology can be grouped into the following three categories: inadequate intake, inefficient absorption and utilization, and/or increased energy needs. The consequences of malnutrition are both short and long term, timely nutritional intervention being necessary in order to maintain an adequate nutritional state. Because there are several types of congenital heart defects and multiple mechanisms by which they produce failure to thrive, no single strategy will be adequate to treat all cases. Medical complications such as chylotorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, laryngeal and neurological dysfunction play a major role in the requisite nutrition therapy in infants with congenital heart defect; limited access to human milk and parenteral concerns, as well as stress about feeding are also factors that can contribute to poor outcomes concerning nutrition and growth. Protocols are being considered and designed, and a systematic approach is always needed. The quality of life for patient and family, as well as getting the child back on track for age-appropriate development are always at the fore-front of each care plan.
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Hickey, Patricia A. "A Vision for Excellence by Design." American Journal of Critical Care 28, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2019651.
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Generating evidence for care improvement has characterized my program of research spanning 20 years. Six domains are highlighted to advance the science and practice of critical care nursing in today’s complex health care systems. Employee well-being and taking care of team members are key priorities for successful leaders. Understanding that patient and staff outcomes are inextricably linked strengthens the need for care environments to be healing and holistic for staff and patients. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ Healthy Work Environment framework empowers staff and optimizes the experience for patients, their families, and care teams. Appropriate staffing, guided by contemporary acuity measurement, takes into account the cognitive workload and complexity of nursing. Committing to a culture of certification and ensuring staffing models with appropriately educated and experienced nursing staff will remain important. In the past decade, we have established the impact of these specific nursing characteristics on improved patient outcomes. Understanding the attributes of empathic and empowered teams is requisite for authentic leadership. Interventions to mitigate moral distress are necessary to foster moral resilience among critical care nurses. The challenge for the future will be to support organizational health through the coexistence of highly reliable processes and clinical innovation. Excellence is achieved when systems are designed to support professional practice and clinical teams and environments.
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Pienkowski, Martin, and Robert V. Harrison. "Tone Frequency Maps and Receptive Fields in the Developing Chinchilla Auditory Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 454–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00569.2004.
Full textAbstract:
Single-unit responses to tone pip stimuli were isolated from numerous microelectrode penetrations of auditory cortex (under ketamine anesthesia) in the developing chinchilla ( laniger), a precocious mammal. Results are reported at postnatal day 3 (P3), P15, and P30, and from adult animals. Hearing sensitivity and spike firing rates were mature in the youngest group. The topographic representation of sound frequency (tonotopic map) in primary and secondary auditory cortex was also well ordered and sharply tuned by P3. The spectral-temporal complexity of cortical receptive fields, on the other hand, increased progressively (past P30) to adulthood. The (purported) refinement of initially diffuse tonotopic projections to cortex thus seems to occur in utero in the chinchilla, where external (and maternal) sounds are considerably attenuated and might not contribute to the mechanism(s) involved. This compares well with recent studies of vision, suggesting that the refinement of the retinotopic map does not require external light, but rather waves of (correlated) spontaneous activity on the retina. In contrast, it is most probable that selectivity for more complex sound features, such as frequency stacks and glides, develops under the influence of the postnatal acoustic environment and that inadequate sound stimulation in early development (e.g., due to chronic middle ear disease) impairs the formation of the requisite intracortical (and/or subcortical) circuitry.