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Academic literature on the topic 'Requirements changes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Requirements changes"

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Pimentel, João, Emanuel Santos, Jaelson Castro, and Xavier Franch. "Anticipating Requirements Changes-Using Futurology in Requirements Elicitation." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jismd.2012040104.

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It is well known that requirements changes in a later phase of software developments is a major source of software defects and costs. Thus, the need of techniques to control or reduce the amount of changes during software development projects. The authors advocate the use of foresight methods as a valuable input to requirements elicitation, with the potential to decrease the number of changes that would be required after deployment, by anticipating them. In this paper, the authors define a process for using a foresight method, namely Futures Wheel, for requirements elicitation. To illustrate the use of this approach, the authors perform a case study using a route planning system.
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Loeb, Josh. "Changes ahead for EMS requirements." Veterinary Record 191, no. 9 (November 2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.2396.

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Lin, Lan, and Jesse H. Poore. "Pushing requirements changes through to changes in specifications." Frontiers of Computer Science in China 2, no. 4 (November 6, 2008): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11704-008-0034-7.

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Zhang, Yirui, Ying Jin, Jianxiu Bai, and Jing Zhang. "A Negotiation Framework for Managing the Requirements Changes." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, Special-Issue (December 1, 2013): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0039.

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Abstract The consistent system requirements set is the basis of successful software projects. The requirements change is very usual in a software project, and it may cause inconsistency of the requirements set, and become the key factor that affects the quality of the requirements and the software. Aiming at the problem of requirements inconsistencies caused by the requirements change, this paper proposes a compromise-based negotiation framework to manage the requirements changes, illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method by a software engineering case, gives a contrast experiment with the current mainstream method, and finally gives a comparison with the related work and a conclusion. The experimental results show that the framework proposed in this paper is more flexible and accurate than the results of the current popular framework, so it is more suitable for the requirement changes management.
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Al-Saiyd, Nedhal A. "A Multistep Approach for Managing the Risks of Software Requirements Volatility." Computer and Information Science 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n1p101.

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<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Software is changed continuously in order to respond to different users and business needs. Requirements are changed dynamically to improve software usability and increase its value, but requirement volatility sometimes cause failures for many projects because of inadequate understanding of the changing causes and the consequences of these changes. This research highlights the importance of managing requirement changes, classify them, and control the impact risks of requirement volatility on software project. The proposed model is designed based on software requirements risks factors and how to reduce their impacts. Generally, requirements changing is considered as a difficult, costly and time-consumed task, and consequently it is too important to study the inter-relationships between the changes and their impacts on the other phases of software system. The good understanding of the changing causes and their consequences can improve and support requirements management process and also lead successfully to the predicted goals of changes. The high quality of the requirements influences the success of a software project during software development and maintenance processes.</span></p>
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Liew, Su May. "Changes to manuscript requirements and website." Malaysian Family Physician 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/ed0001.

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Brandom, Barbara W., and Peter J. Davis. "Changes in drug requirements during growth." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 5, no. 3 (June 1992): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199205030-00014.

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Dodd, Leslie G. "Changes to cytopathology training program requirements." Diagnostic Cytopathology 42, no. 5 (September 18, 2013): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.23037.

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Kohl, R. J. "Requirements engineering changes for COTS-intensive systems." IEEE Software 22, no. 4 (July 2005): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2005.104.

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Klamert, Patricia Coleen, and Joy E. Wachs. "Complying with Changes in OSHA's Recordkeeping Requirements." AAOHN Journal 50, no. 7 (July 2002): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000710.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Requirements changes"

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Wanganga, George. "Effective Requirements Management." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2369.

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In many smaller companies, requirements management is a daunting challenge. Smaller groups mean fewer resources, and many organizations focus their efforts on design, development and testing not on managing requirements. Some small organizations may perceive requirements management as an activity only for large organizations that have complex products and large staffs to support the effort. Poor and uncontrolled requirement engineering processes yield low quality, highly expensive software products. Obviously, customers are highly dissatisfied with such systems. One of the most critical requirement engineering processes that grossly contribute to this misnomer is lack of “effective requirements management” Information Technology Associates (ITA) has had many challenges resulting from some poor and uncontrolled requirements engineering processes. Lack of effective requirements traceability has also had its share in plaguing ITA in software development activities. ITA started small and so it handled its requirements documentation manually as it only dealt with few customer requirements. Time has seen the company expand, and manual handling of customer requirement became difficult. This master thesis therefore aims to investigate: ♦ The state-of-practice, regarding requirements engineering and requirements management within a medium-sized software development company. ♦ How to successfully implement effective requirement management process within the ITA Company. ♦ How to successfully migrate ITA Company into this RE process while ensuring minimum hassles.
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Nanda, Vivek. "The impact of environmental evolution on requirements changes." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24030.

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An evolving environment can have such an impact on the requirements of an existing software system that it can render the system obsolete. We have experienced precisely such a loss in our research environment. The Congruence Evaluation System was an innovative proof of concept (CES POC) system, developed over two years with three person-years of effort. It was part of an environment which was constantly evolving, and this change in the environment dictated the fitness of the CES POC system in the environment. The system served excellently for the basic research goal of discovery and proof, but failed seriously in the long-term goal of evolvability of the entire suite of tools being built concurrently by several researchers in the team. In this thesis, we describe a case study of requirements changes in an evolving environment involved in the development of unprecedented systems. In particular, we identify requirements-oriented factors that caused the demise of an innovative system in such an environment. The thesis also describes some lessons learnt from this experience.
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Mühlbacher, Jürgen, and Tom Siebenaler. "Ready For Changes? The Influence of General Self-efficacy and Resistance to Change on Managers' Future Competence Requirements." Mendel University Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6766/1/131%2DProof%2D707%2D2%2D10%2D20190103.pdf.

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With this study, we will test the interrelations between the psychological concept of self-efficacy of managers and its influences on the resistance to change. The results show that it makes a qualitative difference, if change in competences occurs in a positive or a negative direction and that there is a clear predisposition of managers concerning change. Both results have to be taken into account in designing changes processes.
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Porter, Lisa Marie. "Structural requirements for conformational changes and substrate binding of the human facilitative glucose transporter-GLUT3." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360119.

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ANDERSSON, SIRI, and Patricia Lind. "How External Requirements Affect the InsuranceIndustry : An Investigation on Swedish Insurance Companies’Adjustments to Solvency II." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189588.

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The financial sector stands for an important part of society’s fundamental infrastructure andnational economy. Previous financial crises indicate the importance of having a well-regulatedfinancial market. Former directives of regulating the insurance industry had insufficient solvencyregulations and were lacking in risk management. Therefore, the regulatory framework SolvencyII, the successor to Solvency I, has been established on the European market. The objective ofSolvency II is to ensure consumer protection by ensuring insurance companies properly reflectthe risks their businesses are vulnerable to.The regulatory framework Solvency II came into force in the turn of 2015/2016. However, it hasbeen on every insurers’ agenda for years and preparations have been done. It is therefore ofinterest to investigate how Swedish insurance companies have adjusted to Solvency II at an earlystage after the transition.This has been investigated by conducting interviews with mainly Chief Risk Officers and RiskManagers at Swedish insurance companies. As a complement, a questionnaire was distributed toasset and capital managers, having insurers as customers, regarding their perception of insurers’changes in investment behaviors.The findings of this study imply that insurance companies have had a compliance focus to adoptthe regulation rather than a business focus. No indications of adjustments to corporate businessstrategy has yet been noticed. However, some companies have developed a risk culture withinthe organizations. The extensive reporting and calculations of capital that Solvency II entails, haslead to implementations of new systems and processes for companies. It is further noticed thatSwedish insurance companies use the standard model for calculating the capital requirements.Solvency II has lead to increased understanding of the trade-off between capital, risk, and returnby holding a risk-adjusted capital. Also, an increased engagement of employees in the riskmanagement process has been noticed. The companies are aligned with the ORSA process, sinceit is one of the requirements, and are aware of the potential benefits the ORSA process cancontribute to. Lastly, this study indicates an improved risk awareness and culture within theinsurance companies by educating existing employees and employing new competentemployees.
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Fuller, Zoe. "Photoperiodic entrainment of seasonally adaptive metabolic changes, the doubly-labelled water technique for estimating energy requirements and the role of pelage in the regulation of energy." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310121.

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Aitken, Christopher. "Changing climate and changing behaviour : perceptions of powerlessness and the commons dilemma : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/958.

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Tokadli, Guliz. "Supporting general aviation pilots during rerouting process due to sudden weather changes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53961.

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General aviation pilots need different types of flight information in order to follow events and the changes related to the aircraft environment while flying. However, general aviation cockpits have some limitations as space to install flight displays to provide flight information beyond the basics to the pilot. Additionally, more sophisticated instrumentation is often expensive to install and maintain. With the development of the tablet-based software applications (such as ForeFlight, WingX Pro7 or Garmin Pilot applications for iPad), general aviation pilots have started to use them instead of paper documentation. These software applications provide essential flight information such as weather forecast, aviation charts, flight documents, etc. Unfortunately, the expectations for their capabilities are changing with the increased demand and popularity of these software applications. Therefore, these flight planning software applications are compared to find what is missing and what have not met the expectation of pilots. First, how the software applications support their decision-making process was described and demonstrated to choose the appropriate flight parameters to change flight path while handling with the other cockpit responsibilities. Finally, these design requirements were validated via HITL tests in a part-task flight simulator. The results provided that the suggested design requirements are found highly useful for both novice and expert general aviation pilots. Specifically, novice general aviation pilots might be able to get visualization to compare real-time weather and weather forecast, and then they might gain experience to improve their success for a in-flight re-planning. On the other side, expert pilots might prefer to use this system if they fly an airspace which they are not familiar to weather features of that region.
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Nordin, Åsa. "Changes in requirements management when introducing RUP to a legacy system : a case study at Volvo Information Technology." Thesis, University West, Department of Informatics and Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-583.

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Huang, Yu. "Global legality requirements and chain of custody certification : potential impacts of recent changes on China's wood products industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43951.

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Many initiatives have been designed to reduce illegal logging and to legitimize the associated forest products trade. The latest governmental initiatives include the United States Lacey Act Amendment (US LAA) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EU TR). A key non-governmental initiative is Chain of Custody (CoC) certification. Since China is a very large importer of primary wood products and a major exporter of value-added wood products, it is critical to understand the impacts of these initiatives on China. The study aims to analyze the potential impacts of the US LAA, the EU TR, and CoC certification on China's wood products industry at two levels. First, at the individual producer level, 107 export-oriented Chinese wooden furniture manufacturers were randomly selected to investigate their perceptions of and responses to these initiatives. Guided by an integrated innovation-adoption model, the study identified the factors that affect a firm's legal compliance and its propensity to adopt CoC certification. Second, at the wood products industry level, the potential longer-term impacts of the US LAA and the EU TR on China's wood products industry were estimated using the International Forest and Forest Products (IFFP) trade model. There were several key results. First, at the individual producer level, multiple linear regression identified factors that were statistically significant in determining a firm's willingness to comply with legality requirements. They included the natural logarithm of firm size, the natural logarithm of export proportion, the interaction between opportunity and: client pressure, the natural logarithm of export experience and the natural logarithm of export proportion. Second, at the individual producer level, binary logistic regression suggested that client pressure, firm size, and the expectation of general benefits were statistically significant in determining a firm's decision to adopt CoC certification. Third, at the wood products industry level, the IFFP results indicated that these governmental initiatives in the US/EU might decrease the production and net export of China's plywood, veneer sheet, and fibreboard. The results also indicated an increase in China's sawnwood and particleboard production, and a decrease in their net imports.
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Books on the topic "Requirements changes"

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Barmeyer, Patricia. SEC and climate: Disclosure requirements. New Providence, N.J: LexisNexis, 2009.

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Significant changes to the NEC® 2014. Marlboro, MD: National Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee, 2013.

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W, Stallcup James, ed. Stallcup's illustrated code changes: Based on the NEC and related standards. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.

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Stallcup, James G. Illustrated changes of the 1987 NEC. Homewood, Ill: American Technical Publishers, 1986.

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Grant, Alexander. [ Letter from Alexander Grant concerning changes in food labeling requirements]. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, 1989.

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Stallcup, James G. Stallcup's illustrated code changes: Based on the NEC and related standards. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008.

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National Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee for the Electrical Industry and National Electrical Contractors Association (U.S.), eds. Significant changes to the NEC 2011. Upper Marlboro, MD: NJATC in partnership with NECA, 2010.

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Illustrated changes of the 1990 NEC. Homewood, Ill: American Technical Publishers, 1989.

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Bierals, Gregory P. 1993 National electrical code illustrated changes deskbook. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1993.

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1914-, O'Riley Ronald P., and National Fire Protection Association, eds. Illustrated changes in the National electrical code. Albany: Delmar Thomson Learning, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Requirements changes"

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von Kuhlwein, Nils. "Changes in Due Diligence Requirements." In Corporate Restructuring, 65–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33075-5_6.

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Berzins, Valdis. "Merging Changes to Software Specifications." In Requirements Targeting Software and Systems Engineering, 121–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10692867_5.

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Herrmann, Andrea, Armin Wallnöfer, and Barbara Paech. "Specifying Changes Only – A Case Study on Delta Requirements." In Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, 45–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02050-6_5.

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Diana, Frank J. "Post-approval Changes – Stability Requirements and Regulations." In Handbook of Stability Testing in Pharmaceutical Development, 93–114. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85627-8_5.

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Nanda, Vic, and Nazim H. Madhavji. "Software Requirements Changes Due to External Factors." In Software Evolution and Feedback, 161–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470871822.ch8.

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Bennett, Brian W., and Jonathan M. Blocker. "Interpretation and Requirements of Contract Specifications." In Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 91–116. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414293.ch04.

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Bouchareb, Nassima, Nacer Eddine Zarour, and Samir Aknine. "Intelligent Mechanism for Cloud Federation and Requirements Changes Management." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 147–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33622-0_14.

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Bustard, David W., and Adam C. Winstanley. "Making changes to formal specifications: Requirements and an example." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 115–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57209-0_9.

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Joshi, Shraddha, and Joshua D. Summers. "Requirements Evolution: Understanding the Type of Changes in the Requirement Document of Novice Designers." In ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries Volume 2, 471–81. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2229-3_40.

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Yu, Xuezhong, Daming He, and Phouvin Phousavanh. "Changes in Women’s Livelihood in Areas Affected by Hydropower Projects." In Balancing River Health and Hydropower Requirements in the Lancang River Basin, 217–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1565-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Requirements changes"

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Lin, Lan, and Jesse H. Poore. "Pushing Requirements Changes through to Changes in Specifications." In 2008 2nd IEEE/IFIP International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2008.16.

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Ben Charrada, Eya, Anne Koziolek, and Martin Glinz. "Identifying outdated requirements based on source code changes." In 2012 IEEE 20th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2012.6345840.

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Brekke, K., H. Seljeseth, and O. Mogstad. "Rapid voltage changes - definition and minimum requirements." In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0984.

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Chua, B. B. "Requirements Changes Rework Effects: A Case Study." In Informatics 2010. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.725-073.

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Basirati, Mohammad R., Henning Femmer, Sebastian Eder, Martin Fritzsche, and Alexander Widera. "Understanding changes in use cases: A case study." In 2015 IEEE 23rd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2015.7320452.

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Lin, Lan, Jason M. Carter, and Jesse H. Poore. "Using state machines to model and manage requirements changes and specification changes." In 2008 51st IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2008.4616851.

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Shi, Lin, Qing Wang, and Mingshu Li. "Learning from evolution history to predict future requirement changes." In 2013 IEEE 21st International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2013.6636713.

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Morkos, Beshoy, Shraddha Joshi, and Joshua D. Summers. "Representation: Formal Development and Computational Recognition of Localized Requirement Change Types." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71417.

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Requirement change propagation, the process in which a change to one requirement results in additional requirement changes when otherwise this change would not have been needed, occurs frequently and must be managed. Multiple approaches exist, and have been readily published, for predicting requirement change propagation, analyzing change how a change to one requirement may propagate forward to other, related requirements (global level). However, the type of change encountered within a single requirement (localized level) has not been thoroughly studied and could be used to assist in the global analysis of requirement change propagation. This paper seeks to begin to fill this gap by identifying types of change requirements may encounter. By surveying research performed in the realm of requirement change, a taxonomy of change types is developed. To computationally analyze the changes, the localized requirement changes are represented through syntactical elements to identify which requirements’ parts of speech is affected. Using part of speech language rules, the identification of requirement change type is automatically identified. Further, the automatic identification of requirement change type is used to assist in predicting change propagation, a process currently automated. This bridges the gap between localized and global requirement change in an automated, systematic manner.
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Nakagawa, Hiroyuki, Akihiko Ohsuga, and Shinichi Honiden. "A goal model elaboration for localizing changes in software evolution." In 2013 IEEE 21st International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2013.6636715.

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Sutton, Meredith, and Joshua D. Summers. "Comparing Change Management Processes for Requirements and Manufacturing: An Interview Based Study." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69694.

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Abstract The study presented in this paper compares requirement and manufacturing change management processes to determine if similar processes can be used for both types of changes. A literature review is used to identify prescribed process stages. Ten stages are identified for both requirements and manufacturing change management. A series of interviews are then conducted with three different population groups to determine the process stages actually used in the field. The resulting process models are compared with the process models from the literature. Further, a thematic analysis is performed on the interview findings. Ultimately, differences are found between the prescribed and practiced change management models for both types of changes. Formal documentation stages are more prevalent for the manufacturing domain, though documentation in practice is less than what is prescribed. This includes the issuance of change requests and change orders in manufacturing change management that are not present in requirement change management processes. Significant differences were also found between the two change types; namely, requirement changes deal with more abstract concepts and as such can afford more informal documentation, whereas manufacturing changes deal with existing artifacts and require solid documentation. Additional research thrusts are identified to help reconcile change management processes across the life cycle.
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Reports on the topic "Requirements changes"

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and George Zhuang. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 3. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444387.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 3 for some key, climate-sensitive crops.
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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 1. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444389.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 1 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.
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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Andre S. Biscaro, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS area 4. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7435379.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 4 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.
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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and Andre S. Biscaro. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 2. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444388.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California NRCS Area 2 for six key, climate-sensitive crops.
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Boyd, Donald, Pamela Grossman, Hamilton Lankford, Susanna Loeb, and James Wyckoff. How Changes in Entry Requirements Alter the Teacher Workforce and Affect Student Achievement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11844.

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Marcus, Kevin B. Artillery and Fire Support for The Interim Force: Do Proposed Changes Meet the Requirements? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395363.

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Furbish, Glenn D., Michael A. Bianco, Robert L. Pelletier, and Nadia Shamari. Gulf Region District Is Adjusting Its Aegis Security Contract Requirements for Changes in Reconstruction Activities in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545421.

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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot, and Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.

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Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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McKnight, Katherine, and Elizabeth Glennie. Are You Ready for This? Preparing for School Change by Assessing Readiness. RTI Press, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.pb.0020.1903.

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Schools routinely face federal and state mandated changes, like the Common Core State Standards or standardized testing requirements. Sometimes districts and schools want to take on new policies and practices of their own, like anti-bullying programs or using technology to deliver instruction. Regardless of the origin of the change, implementation requires them to take on additional work; yet experts estimate that only 30 to 50 percent of major change efforts in organizations will succeed. Failing change efforts result in not only financial losses but also lowered organizational morale, wasted resources, and lost opportunities. For schools where resources are already stretched thin, the consequences of failed change initiatives can be particularly devastating. In this paper, we discuss results of a study, over a school year, of school principals who were working on implementing a new change initiative in their schools. We apply lessons from the change management literature and focus on the importance of assessing readiness for change as a key step in ensuring the success of new initiatives. We share examples of a change readiness rubric to help schools and districts successfully lead change.
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Massotti, Luca, Günther March, and Ilias Daras. Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document. Edited by Roger Haagmans and Lucia Tsaoussi. European Space Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.nasa.magic-mrd.2020.

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MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.
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