Journal articles: 'Required power'

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Bradley, David. "Jacket required for wearable power." Materials Today 41 (December 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.10.013.

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Kitching, Karl. "Taking Responsibility for Race Inequality and the Limitless Acts Required: Beyond ‘Good/Bad Whites' to the Immeasurably Whitened Self." Power and Education 3, no. 2 (January 2011): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2011.3.2.164.

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Makarov, E. S., A. E. Cheglov, A. E. Gvozdev, G. M. Zhuravlev, N. N. Sergeev, V. S. Yusupov, O. M. Gubanov, M. V. Kazakov, and A. D. Breki. "Power Required in the Plastic Deformation of Metallic Powder Materials." Steel in Translation 48, no. 9 (September 2018): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091218090061.

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KADOTA, Keiji. "Required Performance of Welding Power Source." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 89, no. 4 (2020): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.89.239.

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Welfonder, E., and M. Kurth. "Limitation control procedures, required for power plants and power systems." Annual Reviews in Control 31, no. 1 (January 2007): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2007.02.006.

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Oyama, Tsutomu. "New Technologies Required in Deregulated Power Systems." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 123, no. 1 (2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.123.1.

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Suhir, Ephraim. "Braking power required for safe landing: Probabilistic approach." Acta Astronautica 187 (October 2021): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.06.035.

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Yeh, C. H., C. W. Chow, and Y. L. Liu. "Adaptive upstream optical power adjustment depending on required power budget in PON access." Optics Communications 285, no. 24 (November 2012): 4927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.07.049.

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Goldenberg, David H. "MARKET POWER AND THE REQUIRED RETURN TO ELECTRIC UTILITIES." Financial Review 22, no. 1 (February 1987): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1987.tb00325.x.

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Glance, B. "Minimum required power for carrier recovery at optical frequencies." Journal of Lightwave Technology 4, no. 3 (1986): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1986.1074711.

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Rakov, Vyacheslav, Timur Akhmetov, Alexander Capustin, and Anatoly Vostrov. "Determination of the required power for bus hybrid engine." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801076.

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This article presents a methodology for determining the required engine power of hybrid city buses. The vehicle’s driving cycle and its main technical characteristics were used as the initial data. The calculated change in power on the driving wheels is an intermediate result and is used to analyze the chains of energy transfer from gasoline engine to driving wheels. In this approach, a sequential type of circuit in a hybrid drive is used. A bus weighing 4 tons was considered as an example, and the calculations showed that the maximum power of the internal combustion engine should be 15.2 kW.

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Pupeikis, Darius, Arūnas Burlingis, and Vytautas Stankevičius. "REQUIRED ADDITIONAL HEATING POWER OF BUILDING DURING INTERMITTED HEATING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.13.

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By introduction of intermittent heating of building we can reduce the thermal energy consumption for heating. But it requires the additional power of heating system. It is determined that the most effective solution for energy savings is to enlarge the heating power approximately by 50% for most of buildings. The simulation has showed that for buildings with a medium thermal inertia (time constant τ = 144 h) the expenses by employing the intermittent heating (reduced temperature period: 12 h on working days and 48 h at weekends), pays back after one year. By designing the heating system we must pay attention to thermal inertia of building. Our research showed that for various thermal inertias of building, the adequate modes of intermittent heating must be chosen. Santrauka Šildant pastata, esant papildomai šiluminei galiai, galima sumažinti sunaudojamos šilumines energijos. Nustatyta, kad papildomos šilumines galios (+50 %) sanaudos, siekiant pagreitinti temperatūros padidinima vidutinio masyvumo (τ = 144 h) pastatu patalpose ir taikant protarpini šildyma (12 h darbo dienomis ir 48 h savaitgaliais), atsiperka po vieneriu metu. Projektuojant reikia atsižvelgti i pastato paskirti, masyvuma ir šildymo sistemos galia, siekiant sutaupyti šilumines energijos bei gauti ekonomine nauda, taikant protarpini šildyma. Tyrimai parode, kad ivairaus masyvumo pastatams turi būti taikomi atitinkami protarpinio šildymo periodai.

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Yu, Jiaqi, Yong Xu, Yong Li, and Qianyi Liu. "An Inductive Hybrid UPQC for Power Quality Management in Premium-Power-Supply-Required Applications." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 113342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999355.

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Naumov, A. A. "The required quality of electrical energy provision." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-1-85-92.

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Methods of the electrical energy (EE) with the required quality provision in conditions of limited financial opportunities in the power supplying companies (PSC) are being discussed considering the foreign countries experience. It is proposed to develop and apply tariffs differentiated by the degree of EE reliability and quality, in compliance with the EE quality required for definite consumers. As a result, both consumers and PSC may get the best of tariffs application differentiated by the quality level. Consumers with power receiving appliances not demanding the high quality of EE will gain profit from payment reduction, whereas the consumers with power receiving appliances demanding the high quality of EE – from successful operation of electrical appliances, increase of their operating time and high quality of manufactured products provision. PSC acquire incentives for EE quality management upon the consumers’ request, as well as opportunities of more efficient use of financial resources directed at different quality EE provision to the consumer.

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Welfonder, E., and M. Kurth. "LIMITATION CONTROL PROCEDURES, REQUIRED FOR POWER PLANTS AND POWER SYSTEMS POSSIBILITY FOR REDUCING FUTURE BLACKOUTS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 7 (2006): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060625-4-ca-2906.00008.

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Hernández Davó, Jose L., Rafael Sabido Solana, Jose M. Sarabia Marín, Jaime Fernández Fernández, and Manuel Moya Ramón. "Rest Interval Required for Power Training With Power Load in the Bench Press Throw Exercise." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, no. 5 (May 2016): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001214.

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Ene, Gheorghe, and Iuliana-Marlena Prodea. "Calculus of the Required Driving Power for Tube Ball Mills." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 1 (February 9, 2008): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.1.1717.

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This paper presents the determining of the necessary driving power for tube ball mills, regarding frequently used working conditions: by rolling balls and by falling down balls, on parabolic trajectory. To make easier the calculation of driving power, the established correlations where used in Blanc formula.

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Hirasawa, Kazuaki, Takashi Kataoka, and Takayuki Kubo. "Relationship between Required Power and PTO Speed in Rotary Tiller." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 4 (2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130327-3-jp-3017.00033.

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Sharma, Neha, Swarn Singh, and Suruchi Singh. "Optimizing the Power Required In Hyperthermia Treatment Using Magnetic Nanoparticles." International Journal of Control and Automation 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2016): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.9.18.

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Dan Tighe, C. V. Privette, and G. E. Miles. "Additional Power Required to Use Smaller Size PVC Irrigation Pipe." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 4, no. 1 (1988): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26576.

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KIGUCHI, Kazuo. "K16100 Intelligence Required for Power-Assist Systems Using Biological Information." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _K16100–1_—_K16100–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._k16100-1_.

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Takhtuev, B. G. "Calculation of the power required to drive rod-processing granulators." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 5 (May 1986): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01150304.

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Alexandrov, S., G. Kanevsky, K. Kurchukov, V. Magarovsky, and V. Platonov. "Estimation of required power for Leader icebreaker in stormy seas." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 3, no. 397 (August 6, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-3-397-45-55.

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Object and purpose of research. The object of this research is the Leader icebreaker; the purpose is to assess the icebreaker’s ability to move in stormy seas with minimum allowable speed as per IMO requirements. Materials and methods. The main methods of investigation is analysis of the icebreaker model test data and methods to estimate the towing resistance and propulsion performance in waves. Main results. Propulsion performance of the Leader icebreaker was estimated for survival conditions in stormy seas. Wind resistance and added resistance in irregular waves were included, as well as the influence of stopped propellers on the icebreaker resistance in survival mode was considered. Conclusion. It is shown that the Leader icebreaker meets the IMO recommendations to move at a speed of 6 knots against the wind force 8 in the Beaufort scale and corresponding sea state.

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Vijayarajan, Singaraj, N. Kamaraj, and S. Selvaperumal. "Day and Night Utilization of Solar PV System Integrated with Stand Alone Wind Generator for Real and Reactive Power Management in Three Phase Unbalanced Load ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.702.

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Utilizing the renewable energy at consumer side is not required additional transmission capacity. Solar power plant connected with wind generator can support real and reactive power to the unbalance three phase loads. The unbalance load always requires more reactive power compare to balanced load. The reactive power support demand of the unbalanced load is supplied by any conventional FACTS devices. These conventional devices add additional cost and require maintenance also. In this proposed system Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) based solar power plant acts like a STATCOM and reduces the additional cost requirement. The unbalanced three phase load have different reactive power requirement for individual phase. The PWM based FACTS devices supplies only balanced reactive power support irrespective of their requirement. It leads to poor compensation and requires large size of FACTS devices. In this paper the Individual Phase Current sensing method is used and the performance of the system is analyzed for PI controller. The MATLAB simulation verification is presented. Keywords : Solar power plant, Wind power plant, FACTS devices, IPCS, PI, Fuzzy logic.

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Zuñiga, J. M., and J. L. Mantari. "A computational methodology to calculate the required power in disc crushers." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2016.09.003.

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Abstract This study aims to contribute to the estimation of power consumption in a disintegration process in disc crushers (fixed and mobile). The study covers the dynamic analysis of forces acting on the particles and the mobile disc. A detailed analysis of the resultant force on the particles was performed. Finally, the consumed power is calculated with the forces acting on the mobile disc. The calculated power is a key aspect in the design of disc crusher machines. Highlights Estimation of power consumption in a disintegration process in disc crushers. Dynamic analysis of forces acting on the particles and the disc crusher. Detailed analysis of the resultant force on the particles was performed. The consumed power is calculated with the forces acting on the mobile disc. The calculated power is a key aspect in the design of disc crusher machines.

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Kagel, Heike, Hannes Jacobs, Frank Bier, Jörn Glökler, and Marcus Frohme. "A Novel Microtiter Plate Format High Power Open Source LED Array." Photonics 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010017.

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Many photochemical or photobiological applications require the use of high power ultraviolet light sources, such as high-pressure mercury arc lamps. In addition, many photo-induced chemical, biochemical and biological applications require either a combinatorial setting or a parallel assay of multiple samples under the same environmental conditions to ensure reproducibility. To achieve this, alternative, controllable light sources, such as ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) with high power and spatial control are required. Preferably, LEDs are arranged in a suitable standardized 96-well microtiter plate format. We designed such an array and established the methods required for heat management and enabling stable, controllable illumination over time.

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Camp, Ariel L., Thomas J. Roberts, and Elizabeth L. Brainerd. "Swimming muscles power suction feeding in largemouth bass." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (June 22, 2015): 8690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508055112.

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Most aquatic vertebrates use suction to capture food, relying on rapid expansion of the mouth cavity to accelerate water and food into the mouth. In ray-finned fishes, mouth expansion is both fast and forceful, and therefore requires considerable power. However, the cranial muscles of these fishes are relatively small and may not be able to produce enough power for suction expansion. The axial swimming muscles of these fishes also attach to the feeding apparatus and have the potential to generate mouth expansion. Because of their large size, these axial muscles could contribute substantial power to suction feeding. To determine whether suction feeding is powered primarily by axial muscles, we measured the power required for suction expansion in largemouth bass and compared it to the power capacities of the axial and cranial muscles. Using X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM), we generated 3D animations of the mouth skeleton and created a dynamic digital endocast to measure the rate of mouth volume expansion. This time-resolved expansion rate was combined with intraoral pressure recordings to calculate the instantaneous power required for suction feeding. Peak expansion powers for all but the weakest strikes far exceeded the maximum power capacity of the cranial muscles. The axial muscles did not merely contribute but were the primary source of suction expansion power and generated up to 95% of peak expansion power. The recruitment of axial muscle power may have been crucial for the evolution of high-power suction feeding in ray-finned fishes.

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Grjibovski, A. M., M. A. Gorbatova, A. N. Narkevich, and K. A. Vinogradov. "Required sample size for comparing two independent means." Marine Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-2-106-113.

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Sample size calculation in a planning phase is still uncommon in Russian research practice. This situation threatens validity of the conclusions and may introduce Type I error when the false null hypothesis is accepted due to lack of statistical power to detect the existing difference between the means. Comparing two means using unpaired Students’ ttests is the most common statistical procedure in the Russian biomedical literature. However, calculations of the minimal required sample size or retrospective calculation of the statistical power were observed only in very few publications. In this paper we demonstrate how to calculate required sample size for comparing means in unpaired samples using WinPepi and Stata software. In addition, we produced tables for minimal required sample size for studies when two means have to be compared and body mass index and blood pressure are the variables of interest. The tables were constructed for unpaired samples for different levels of statistical power and standard deviations obtained from the literature.

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Montoya, Francisco G., Raúl Baños, Alfredo Alcayde, Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos, and Javier Roldán-Pérez. "Vector Geometric Algebra in Power Systems: An Updated Formulation of Apparent Power under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111295.

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Traditional electrical power theories and one of their most important concepts—apparent power—are still a source of debate, because they present several flaws that misinterpret the power-transfer and energy-balance phenomena under distorted grid conditions. In recent years, advanced mathematical tools such as geometric algebra (GA) have been introduced to address these issues. However, the application of GA to electrical circuits requires more consensus, improvements and refinement. In this paper, electrical power theories for single-phase systems based on GA were revisited. Several drawbacks and inconsistencies of previous works were identified, and some amendments were introduced. An alternative expression is presented for the electric power in the geometric domain. Its norm is compatible with the traditional apparent power defined as the product of the RMS voltage and current. The use of this expression simplifies calculations such as those required for current decomposition. This proposal is valid even for distorted currents and voltages. Concepts are presented in a simple way so that a strong background on GA is not required. The paper included some examples and experimental results in which measurements from a utility supply were analysed.

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Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 06–018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0035.

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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.

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Ibikunle, R. A., I. F. Titiladunayo, D. C. Uguru-Okorie, C. O. Osueke, and A. Olayanju. "Predicting the Quantity of Municipal Solid Waste Required for Power Generation Using Power Plant Design Parameters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (December 2019): 032090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/032090.

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Smirnov, Nikolay, Vadim Zakharov, and Yulia Kolosova. "Triple Power Effect in Power Supply Systems of Buildings due to Automated Energy-Efficient Windows." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.790.

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New energy saving windows with heat-reflecting shields are well known, but their practical use requires that they should be integrated into the automated system of controlling heat supply in buildings, and the efficiency of their use, as well as the existing energy-saving measures must be determined. The study was based on the results of field tests of windows with heat-reflective shields in a certified climate chamber. A method for determining the required minimum indoor air temperature in setback heating mode using heat-reflective shields in windows has been worked out. An automated system of controlling heat supply in buildings using heat-reflecting screens has been developed.

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Adamkiewicz, Andrzej. "Analysis of Power Installed in Ship Power Plants of Offshore Type Vessels." Solid State Phenomena 236 (July 2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.236.98.

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This paper defines factors determining the values of electrical energy fluxes required by chosen bulk carriers and specialized ships. Relations between these factors and unique specifics of offshore type vessels have been pointed out. Basing on the compiled lists of similar vessels, using regression and determination coefficient, the strength of Pearson’s linear correlation between the total power of the main power system of particular types of ships and the required installed electrical energy was determined. The obtained relations were graphically correlated with each other revealing special qualities significant for the operation of offshore vessels, different than for other types of ships.

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Sidorov, M. V., A. V. Lavrov, V. A. Voronin, and A. V. Sidorova. "Engine Power Required When Using a Tractor with a Technology Module." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 15, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-2-33-40.

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A shortage of class 2 and class 3 tractors was observed in peasant farms. As a solution to this problem, it was proposed to develop a technological module that would increase the versatility of class 1.4 tractors by transferring them to a higher traction class. (Research purpose) The authors aimed to substantiate the nominal operating power of the engine for a tractor with a technological module. (Materials and methods) To calculate the required power, the authors proposed a method that takes into account the design features of the modular construction of a machine-tractor unit. (Results and discussion) The authors showed that for a modular power unit with a 6K6 wheel arrangement, it is necessary to consider a number of additional factors having an impact on the accuracy of the calculation: firstly, the tractor’s traction and coupling properties depend on the number of driving axles; secondly, the wheel slippage along individual axes is not the same and occurs due to a constructively conditioned kinematic discrepancy in their drive; thirdly, the three-axle transmission efficiency can be determined only as a total indicator of three transmission branches, that is, to drive the tractor front and rear wheels and, separately, to drive the wheels of the technological module. The authors compared the required engine power when using a tractor with ballast and that with a technological module. (Conclusions) It was determined that in order to achieve the maximum traction force of adhesion on the hook when moving to the next higher traction class, it is necessary that the tractor, that the technological module is joint to, has the energy saturation of 2.00-2.41 kilowatts per kilonewton, which corresponds to traction and energy concept tractors whose engine power cannot be realized through traction. It was found that the power saturation of the tractor with the technological module will be equal to 1.59-1.65 kilowatts per kilonewton, which corresponds to the tractor of the traction concept and allows realizing the built-in engine power through traction.

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Tavano, Christine L., Angela M. Podevels, and Timothy J. Donohue. "Identification of Genes Required for Recycling Reducing Power during Photosynthetic Growth." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 15 (August 1, 2005): 5249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.15.5249-5258.2005.

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ABSTRACT Photosynthetic organisms have the unique ability to transform light energy into reducing power. We study the requirements for photosynthesis in the α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Global gene expression analysis found that ∼50 uncharacterized genes were regulated by changes in light intensity and O2 tension, similar to the expression of genes known to be required for photosynthetic growth of this bacterium. These uncharacterized genes included RSP4157 to -4159, which appeared to be cotranscribed and map to plasmid P004. A mutant containing a polar insertion in RSP4157, CT01, was able to grow via photosynthesis under autotrophic conditions using H2 as an electron donor and CO2 as a carbon source. However, CT01 was unable to grow photoheterotrophically in a succinate-based medium unless compounds that could be used to recycle reducing power (the external electron acceptor dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or CO2) were provided. This suggests that the insertion in RSP4157 caused a defect in recycling reducing power during photosynthetic growth when a fixed carbon source was present. CT01 had decreased levels of RNA for genes encoding putative glycolate degradation functions. We found that exogenous glycolate also rescued photoheterotrophic growth of CT01, leading us to propose that CO2 produced from glycolate metabolism can be used by the Calvin cycle to recycle reducing power generated in the photosynthetic apparatus. The ability of glycolate, CO2, or DMSO to support photoheterotrophic growth of CT01 suggests that one or more products of RSP4157 to -4159 serve a previously unknown role in recycling reducing power under photosynthetic conditions.

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Saini, Makmur, A. M. Shiddiq Yunus, and Firdaus Firdaus. "Studi Estimasi Beban Puncak Hari Libur Nasional Sistem Interkoneksi Sulselbar Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Propagasi Balik." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 18, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v18i2.2627.

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The development of population from time to time is increased and the need for electricity consumption is also increased. Simultaneously increasing the need for electric power requires the provider of electricity supply in this case PT. PLN (Persero) should deliver power effectively to consumers. To maximize the distribution of electricity to the consumer, a load planning is required. This load planning is conducted to find out how much amount of power is required by consumer. The purpose of this research is to investigate the need of power load of interconnection system of South Sulawesi and to investigate the accuracy of load planning using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) backpropagation.

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Voevodina, E. V., V. M. Martishin, V. A. Ivanovsky, and N. O. Prasolova. "Shadow Radiation Shield Required Thickness Estimation for Space Nuclear Power Units." Physics Procedia 74 (2015): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.09.177.

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Koval, D. O. "Testing required to demonstrate reliability of emergency and standby power equipment." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 27, no. 4 (1991): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.85481.

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Heimans, Levi, Wouter R. Dijkshoorn, Marco J. M. Hoozemans, and Jos J. de Koning. "Optimizing the Team for Required Power During Track-Cycling Team Pursuit." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 10 (November 1, 2017): 1385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0451.

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Purpose: Since the aim of the men’s team pursuit in time-trial track cycling is to accomplish a distance of 4000 m as fast as possible, optimizing aerodynamic drag can contribute to achieving this goal. The aim of this study was to determine the drafting effect in second, third, and fourth position during the team pursuit in track cycling as a function of the team members’ individual frontal areas in order to minimize the required power. Method: Eight experienced track cyclists of the Dutch national selection performed 39 trials of 3 km in different teams of 4 cyclists at a constant velocity of 15.75 m/s. Frontal projected areas were determined, and together with field-derived drag coefficients for all 4 positions, the relationships between frontal areas of team members and drag fractions were estimated using generalized estimating equations. Results: The frontal area of both the cyclist directly in front of the drafter and the drafter himself turned out to be significant determinants of the drag fraction at the drafter’s position (P < .05) for all 3 drafting positions. Predicted required power for individuals in drafting positions differed up to 35 W depending on team composition. For a team, a maximal difference in team efficiency (1.2%) exists by selecting cyclists in a specific sequence. Conclusion: Estimating required power for a specific team composition gives insight into differences in team efficiency for the team pursuit. Furthermore, required power for individual team members ranges substantially depending on team composition.

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Pinson, Pierre, Henrik Aa Nielsen, Jan K. Møller, Henrik Madsen, and George N. Kariniotakis. "Non-parametric probabilistic forecasts of wind power: required properties and evaluation." Wind Energy 10, no. 6 (2007): 497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.230.

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Fennimore, Beatrice S. "Permission Not Required: The Power of Parents to Disrupt Educational Hypocrisy." Review of Research in Education 41, no. 1 (March 2017): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0091732x16687974.

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This review is focused on literature documenting the experiences of nondominant and minoritized parents who challenge injustice and inequity in the public schools attended by their children. It interrogates hegemonic approaches to parent involvement favoring dominant groups and silencing efforts of nondominant parents to confront discriminatory assumptions and unequal opportunities. Research studies generally published between 1995 and 2016 reflecting grassroots parent activism encountering conflict and tension and exposing racism, classism, and discrimination in public school practices and policies were selected. Using the lens of critical race and social justice theories, the review is structured on three major public school hypocrisies: (1) hegemonic traditional school-controlled parent involvement that privileges dominant groups and devalues contributions of nondominant groups, (2) false claims of equity in schools characterized by stratified and differential opportunities, and (3) discriminatory market-based choice and privatization schemes. Ultimately the review calls on researchers to acknowledge ethical issues that arise when their work “confirms” nondominant parent and child inferiority. Further, it calls for observer–activist–participant research paradigms that acknowledge school-based resistance to critical nondominant parent activism and respectfully document the continuing struggle of nondominant parents for equal educational opportunities.

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Chen, Junjie, Guoqiang Li, Jinping Qian, and Zixi Liu. "Ideal MHD Stability Prediction and Required Power for EAST Advanced Scenario." Plasma Science and Technology 14, no. 11 (November 2012): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/14/11/01.

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Abdel-Mawla, Hassan A. "Drawbar Power Required for Sugarcane Infield and Road Transport by Trailers." Sugar Tech 15, no. 1 (October 12, 2012): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-012-0167-8.

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O’Connor, Paul, Angela O’Dea, Rhona Flin, and Steve Belton. "Identifying the team skills required by nuclear power plant operations personnel." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 38, no. 11-12 (November 2008): 1028–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2008.01.014.

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ZHANG, D., T. WALL, and P. HILLS. "The ignition of single pulverized coal particles: Minimum laser power required." Fuel 73, no. 5 (May 1994): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90003-5.

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Atoyan, S. V., M. B. Generalov, and N. S. Trutnev. "Input power required for compaction of powdered materials in screw presses." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 36, no. 3 (March 2000): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02463419.

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Zhurba, A. M., and S. V. Kurilov. "Power required for mixing in partly filled horizontal twin-shaft reactors." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 26, no. 8 (August 1990): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01155782.

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Goulet, Marc-André, and Denis Cousineau. "The Power of Replicated Measures to Increase Statistical Power." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515245919849434.

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When running statistical tests, researchers can commit a Type II error, that is, fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. To diminish the probability of committing a Type II error (β), statistical power must be augmented. Typically, this is done by increasing sample size, as more participants provide more power. When the estimated effect size is small, however, the sample size required to achieve sufficient statistical power can be prohibitive. To alleviate this lack of power, a common practice is to measure participants multiple times under the same condition. Here, we show how to estimate statistical power by taking into account the benefit of such replicated measures. To that end, two additional parameters are required: the correlation between the multiple measures within a given condition and the number of times the measure is replicated. An analysis of a sample of 15 studies (total of 298 participants and 38,404 measurements) suggests that in simple cognitive tasks, the correlation between multiple measures is approximately .14. Although multiple measurements increase statistical power, this effect is not linear, but reaches a plateau past 20 to 50 replications (depending on the correlation). Hence, multiple measurements do not replace the added population representativeness provided by additional participants.

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Grjibovski, A. M., M. A. Gorbatova, A. N. Narkevich, and K. A. Vinogradov. "REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE FOR CORRELATION ANALYSIS." Marine Medicine 6, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-1-101-106.

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Sample size calculation prior to data collection is still relatively rare in Russian research practice. This situation threatens validity of the conclusion of many projects due to insufficient statistical power to estimate the parameters of interest with desired precision or to detect the differences of interest. Moreover, in a substantial proportion of cases where sample size calculations are performed simplified formulas with assumption of a normal distribution of the studied variables are used in spite of the fact that this assumption does not hold for many research questions in biomedical research. Correlation analysis is still one of the most commonly used methods of statistical analysis used in Russia. Pearson’s correlation coefficient despite its well-known limitations appears in a greater proportion of publications that non-parametric coefficients. We calculated minimal sample sizes for the parametric Pearson’s coefficient as well its non-parametric alternatives — Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficients to assist junior researchers with the tool to be able to plan data collection and analysis for several types of data, various expected strengths of associations and research questions. The results are presented in ready-for-use tables with required sample size for the three abovementioned coefficients within the range from 0,10 through 0,90 by 0,05 for statistical power 0,8 and 0,9 and alpha-error or 5% as well as for estimation of the same correlation coefficients with the 95% confidence intervals width equal to 0,1 and 0,2.

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Norberg, U. M., T. H. Kunz, J. F. Steffensen, Y. Winter, and O. von Helversen. "The cost of hovering and forward flight in a nectar-feeding bat, Glossophaga soricina, estimated from aerodynamic theory." Journal of Experimental Biology 182, no. 1 (September 1, 1993): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.182.1.207.

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Energy expenditure during flight in animals can best be understood and quantified when both theoretical and empirical approaches are used concurrently. This paper examines one of four methods that we have used to estimate the cost of flight in a neotropical nectar-feeding bat Glossophaga soricina (Phyllostomidae), namely the use of kinematic and morphological data and aerodynamic theory to estimate the mechanical power requirements (power output) for hovering and horizontal forward flight. A hot-wire anemometer was used to measure induced velocity (the velocity of air accelerated by the wings) during hovering in order to estimate induced power. Our estimate of aerodynamic power (the sum of induced, profile and parasite powers) required for a 0.0105 kg G. soricina to hover is 0.15 W and our estimate of the inertial power (the power required to oscillate the wings) is 0.19 W. Thus, the total mechanical power for hovering is 0.34 W or 32.4 W kg-1. The mechanical power required for horizontal forward flight, near the minimum power flight speed (4.2 ms-1) for a 0.0117 kg bat is 0.14 W (12.3 W kg-1), of which 0.10 W is aerodynamic power and 0.042 W is inertial power. Comparison with our results on metabolic power requirements estimated from nectar intake gives a mechanical efficiency of 0.15 for hovering flight and 0.11 for forward flight near the minimum power speed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Required power'

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