Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reproductive phases'
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Barber, Henry Mark. "Identifying beneficial traits for heat stress around reproductive phases of growth in wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75741/.
Full textJackson, Barbara Ann, and n/a. "A study of baby boomer women and their expectations of menopause." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.142823.
Full textBolmgren, Kjell. "Adaptation and Constraint in the Plant Reproductive Phase." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Botaniska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-99.
Full textAlghrani, Amel. "Human reproduction : regulating the third phase." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495743.
Full textHerman, Bram. "The phase change from vegetative to reproductive growth in Agaricus bisporus." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3152/.
Full textSchori, Arnold. "Contribution à l'amélioration génétique du soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pour la tolérance au froid en phase reproductive /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10729.
Full textBahougne, Thibault. "Perturbation de la rythmicité circadienne : impact sur la fonction reproductive de souris femelles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAJ001.
Full textIn female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend on both a biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle, and a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol which concentration varies during ovary maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments, notably those experienced in shiftwork conditions, may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore, in female mice, the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, two hallmarks of mammalian reproductive health. When mice were exposed to a single 10 h-phase advance or 10 h-phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to a chronic shift (successive rotations of 10 h-phase advance for 3 days followed by 10 h-phase delay for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge already at the beginning of the chronic shift. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to a chronic shift was reduced since the number of pups was two times lower in shifted as compared to control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that female mice exposure to a single-phase shift has minor reproductive effects whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the preovulatory LH surge occurrence, leading to reduced fertility
Tasende, Celia. "Pituitary and uterine sex steriod receptors in ewes : seasonal and postpartum anoestrus, oestrous cycle and experimentally induced subnormal luteal phases /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200597.pdf.
Full textRicherd, Sophie. "Evolution de l'alternance de phases haploide et diploide dans les cycles de reproduction : aspects theoriques et experimentaux chez l'algue rouge gracilaria verrucosa." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066222.
Full textSchülke, Oliver. "Living apart together - patterns, ecological basis and reproductive consequences of life in dispersed pairs of fork marked lemurs (Phaner furcifer, Primates)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967765897.
Full textSvensson, Karin, and Joanna Arnolde. "Kvinnors preventivmedelsanvändning under olika faser av det reproduktiva livet." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112080.
Full textIntroduction: Studies have shown that women are not always satisfied with the effects of contraception and that contraceptive advice is perceived as non-specific. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate what contraceptive women have chosen to use in the different phases of their reproductive lives, and what they felt had influenced their choice. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional comparative study with a quantitative approach. A survey with fixed and multiple-choice options was sent to five hundred 45-year old women. Result: The study shows that various birth controls are different in the normal reproductive life. The birth control pills , condoms and hormone coil were the contraceptive which women were most satisfied with through the reproductive life cycle, partially supported in previous research. The study also shows that the pill and condoms were most common contraceptives before pregnancy. Copper coil and hormone coil was the most common contraception after pregnancy. Condom was the most common contraceptive during several contraceptive reproductive phases. The women stated that the most common reason to discontinue a contraceptive was pregnancy desire followed by concerns about side effects. The study also shows that women have great integrity in the choice of contraception. Conclusion: The practical significance of this study is that it can be used for counseling on contraceptive use through the life cycle. The scientific significance of the study is to promote women`s reproductive health by being able to provide such specific advice as possible.
Gnädinger, Friederike [Verfasser], Urs [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidhalter, Eckart [Gutachter] Priesack, and Urs [Gutachter] Schmidhalter. "High-Throughput Phenotyping the Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics in Maize at the Reproductive Phase / Friederike Gnädinger ; Gutachter: Eckart Priesack, Urs Schmidhalter ; Betreuer: Urs Schmidhalter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160381364/34.
Full textDella, Pietra Christopher John. "The effects of a three-phase constructivist instructional model for improvisation on high school students' perception and reproduction of musical rhythm /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11371.
Full textThiebot, Jean-Baptiste. "Déplacements et sélection d'habitat chez les animaux non contraints par la reproduction : une étude de l'écologie en mer des Manchots durant les phases d'immaturité et inter-nuptiale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660333.
Full textKamiri, Mourad. "Biologie de la reproduction des hybrides somatiques tétraploïdes d’agrumes : implication sur la structure génétique des populations d’hybrides générées dans les croisements diploïdes x tétraploïdes." Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0002.
Full textCitrus somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion has become an integral part of citrus variety improvement programs worldwide. Applications of somatic hybridization to citrus scion improvement include the production of quality tetraploid breeding parents that can be used in interploid crosses to generate seedless triploids. One way to obtain triploids is by crossing diploids and tetraploids. Indeed, this method should give birth to a complete triploid progeny. However, only few natural citrus tetraploids are available. CIRAD developed a Somatic hybridization program that has resulted in a great diversification of the tetraploid gene pool available for sexual hybridization with diploid cultivars. In order to asses progeny genotypes, obtained by interploidal crosses involving citrus somatic hybrids depending on fusion parents, the study of citrus somatic hybrids reproduction biology was necessary. The objective of this thesis is 1/ to determine the impact of somatic hybridization on the somatic hybrids phenotype especially on reproduction characteristics (Pollen fertility and Apomixis/polyembryony) 2/ to analyze the allelic inheritance in citrus intergeneric and interspecific somatic hybrids, and finally 3/ to establish the origin of ploidy variation in interploidal progenies involving citrus tetraploid somatic hybrids. Analysis of reproduction characteristics in citrus somatic hybrids showed intermediate pollen characteristics to their fusion parents or identical to the lowest fertile parent. Concerning apomixis/polyembryonny transmission, when compared to their diploid parents, all studied somatic hybrids were apomictic and polyembryonic. However, significant raise of zygotic rates in some were observed compared to their diploid parents. Moreover, polyembryony rates decreased significantly. Allelic inheritance studies were performed for an interspecific and an intergeneric somatic hybrids. Cytogenetic analysis of meiosis in a citrus interspecific somatic hybrid, between Willowleaf mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Eureka lemon (Citrus limon (L. ) Burm, displayed 11% of tetravalents and 76% of bivalents. Inheritance of this tetraploid hybrid was analyzed by genotyping the triploid progeny derived from a cross between a diploid pummelo and this tetraploid somatic hybrid. Markers segregation was largely compatible with tetrasomic and intermediate inheritance, with preferential pairing of homeologous chromosomes. However at the intergeneric level, obtained results support intermediate inheritance in a Citrus intergeneric somatic hybrid with occurrence of preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes. Molecular analysis of interploidal crosses progeny implying citrus somatic hybrids revealed different ploidy levels and that tetraploids were issued from a diploid male and an unreduced female gamete. However, diploids were issued from a haploid female and a viable haploid male gamete coming from the tetraploid somatic hybrid
Ponsard, Claire. "Effets d'une restriction alimentaire après vêlage chez la vache allaitante sur la fertilité à l'œstrus induit, la sécrétion de LH et l'activité ovarienne : liens avec le métabolisme énergétique et intérêt d'une supplémentation énergétique avant la mise à la reproduction." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11303.
Full textVallières, Rosemarie. "Effets des vagues de chaleur au cours de la phase d'acclimatation sur la biologie hivernale de l'arpenteuse de la pruche, Lambdina ficsellaria (Lepidoptera : Geometridae)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30182/30182.pdf.
Full textThe increase in frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events such as fall heat waves, resulting from the ongoing climate warning could interfere with the winter metabolism of the hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria Guen), an important forest pest in eastern Canada. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the host plant quality, the geographic origin of populations and the conditions prevailing during the cold acclimation period on hemlock looper winter biology. Our results show that eggs contents in trehalose, glucose and mannitol were significantly influenced by fall heat waves and by the origin of the population. Egg winter survival of the southern population was negatively affected by strongest heat waves while the northern population was not affected. This study suggests that the metabolism and winter survival of southern hemlock looper populations in Québec will be more affected by fall heat waves than northern populations.
Lefebvre, Alain. "Reproduction d'une espèce benthique à phase larvaire planctonique, l'ophiure Ophiothrix fragilis (échinoderme), dans un système côtier à fort hydrodynamisme (détroit du Pas-de-Calais) : interactions physique-biologie et implications dans le fonctionnement global de l'ecosystème." Lille 1, 1999. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/40edcdc2-5512-495f-9dfa-c7eb554d3a17.
Full textKoopman, Tammy L. "Production of Porcine Single Chain Variable Fragment (SCFV) selected against a recombinant fragment of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus non structural protein 2." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13189.
Full textDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Richard 'Dick' Hesse
Carol Wyatt
Over the last two decades molecular laboratory techniques have enabled researchers to investigate the infection, replication and pathogenesis of viral disease. In the early eighties, Dr. George Smith developed a unique system of molecular selection. He showed that the fd bacteriophage genome could be manipulated to carry a sequence of DNA coding for a protein not contained in the phage genome. Infection of the recombinant bacteriophage or phagemid into a specific strain of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, produced progeny phage with the coded protein displayed as a fusion with the phage's coat protein. Antibody phage display utilizes the same technology with the DNA encoding an antibody fragment. The DNA insert can carry the information to produce either a single chain variable fragment (scFv) producing the heavy chain variable and light chain variable (VH-VL) portion or a Fab fragment which also contains the heavy chain constant 1 with the light chain constant (CH and CL) portion of an antibody. Screening an antibody phage display library has the possibility of producing an antibody not produced in the normal course of immune selection. This decade also saw the emergence of a viral disease affecting the porcine population. The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been one of the most costly diseases affecting the pig producer. Molecular investigations found that PRRSV is a single, positive-stranded RNA virus which codes for five structural and 12-13 nonstructural proteins producing an enveloped, icosahedral virus. An interesting characteristic of PRRSV is the ability to produce infective progeny with genomic deletions, insertions and mutations within the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2). With this knowledge, many researchers have produced marker vaccines containing fluorescent tags with the hope of developing a DIVA (Differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccine. In my Master‟s studies, I studied the techniques of antibody phage display technology and how to apply these methods to producing scFvs which recognize a recombinant PRRSV nsp2 fragment protein and the native protein during infection of MARC-145 cells.
Decourt, Caroline. "Le kisspeptide : nouvelle molécule pour la maîtrise du cycle chez la jument ?" Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4046/document.
Full textKisspeptins (KP) are very potent secretagogues of GnRH which act through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. An i.v. infusion of KP is not only able to synchronize ovulations of cyclic ewes, but also to induce cycle in anoestrus ewes. The aim of my thesis was to investigate the neuroanatomy of the KP / GnRH system, and define potential applications for KP in the control of the estrus cycle in the cyclic and anoestrus mares. Our results showed that 1) KP interact with GnRH systems at the hypothalamic level, 2) an i.v. infusion of KP during early follicular phase leads to an enhanced - albeit transient - secretion of gonadotropins, 3) a limited ability to replenish GnRH and/or LH/FSH stores might explain the transient nature of the KP stimulation, 4) an infusion of KP for 3 days, since early follicular phase, modestly advances the periovulatory LH surge and the ovulation, 5) a longer (i.e. more than 3 days) infusion of KP during all the follicular phase does not lead to precocious ovulation, 6) during the anoestrus season, an infusion of KP for 3 days heightens LH secretion, with however a lower intensity to that observed with an infusion of GnRH. In conclusion, albeit the potential use of KP to synchronize or induce ovulation during the breeding season appears questionable, its ability to induce cycles during the anoestrus period is of interest and warrants further investigation
Barbosa, Marina Wanderley Paes. "Didrogesterona versus progesterona como suporte de fase lútea: revisão sistematizada e meta-análise de ensaios clínicos randomizados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-24042018-180001/.
Full textBackground: There is evidence that using progesterone for LPS improves the reproductive outcomes in women undergoing ART. There are several hypotheses to justify the lutheal phase deficiency (LPD) after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for ART. Currently, it is believed that the supra-physiological levels of steroids achieved during COS and sustained after oocyte aspiration by the multiple corpora lutea causes a prematurely negative feedback in pituitary LH secretion, consequently causing a luteal phase defect and low progesterone levels. Both intramuscular and vaginal routes of natural progesterone exhibit comparable effect on the endpoints of clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy, although patients may exhibit multiple side effects, such as pain and local abscess with intramuscular progesterone, and vaginal discharge, perineal irritation and interference with coitus with vaginal progesterone. In this way, dydrogesterone, a synthetic progesterone with good oral availability, has being studied as an alternative for LPS in women undergoing ART. Objectives: To compare dydrogesterone and progesterone for luteal-phase support in women undergoing assisted reproduction technique. Search methods: The searches for randomized controlled trials (RCT) were performed in the main electronic databases; in addition, we handsearched the reference lists of included studies and similar reviews. We performed the last electronic search on October 18, 2015. Selection criteria: Only truly randomized controlled trials comparing oral dydrogesterone to vaginal progesterone as luteal phase support were considered eligible. We included studies that permitted the inclusion of the same participant more than once (cross-over or \'per cycle\' trials) only if data regarding the first treatment of each participant were available. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently performed study eligibility, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias and we solved disagreements by consensus. We corresponded with study investigators in order to resolve any queries, as required. Results: The search retrieved 353 records; eight studies were eligible. No study reported live birth. There is evidence of no relevant difference between oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone on ongoing pregnancy (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.18, I² = 0%, 7 RCTs, 3,134 women), on clinical pregnancy (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.23, I² = 34%, 8 RCTs, 3,809 women), and on miscarriage (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.10, I² = 0%, 7 RCTs, 906 clinical pregnancies). Three studies reported dissatisfaction rate with the treatment. Two of them reported a large reduction in dissatisfaction among women using oral dydrogesterone than among women using vaginal progesterone: oral dydrogesterone = 2/79 (2.5%) vs. vaginal progesterone capsules = 90/351 (25.6%), and oral dydrogesterone = 19/411 (4.6%) vs. vaginal progesterone gel = 74/411 (18.0%). The other included study showed no difference in the dissatisfaction rate: oral dydrogesterone = 8/96 (8.3%) vs. vaginal progesterone capsules = 8/114 (7.0%). Authors\' conclusions: Oral dydrogesterone is as effective as vaginal progesterone for luteal-phase supplementation in ART cycles. Regarding dissatisfaction with treatment, oral dydrogesterone seems to cause less dissatisfaction among patients, in comparison to vaginal progesterone.
Merimi, Makram. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la latence virale associée à la phase tumorale de la leucémie induite par le virus de la leucémie bovine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210374.
Full textDans la première partie de notre travail, nous avons pu montrer, grâce à l’observation et le suivi de deux moutons infectés par BLV, que l’extinction virale était associée au développement tumoral. Alors que la phase asymptomatique est caractérisée par l’existence de différents clones cellulaires infectés et exprimant le virus, la phase tumorale est caractérisée par l’existence d’un seul clone cellulaire dans lequel l’expression virale est éteinte. Dans le cas du mouton S2531, nous avons mis en évidence que le silencing observé dans la phase tumorale est d’origine génétique. L’extinction de l’expression virale et la domination du clone muté au niveau de la protéine Tax (K303) sont associées à l’émergence de la leucémie et constituent une caractéristique de la phase tumorale. Le deuxième mouton étudié, S267, est caractérisé par la présence de cellules infectées non transformées et transformées au même moment. Par ailleurs, le mouton S267 est caractérisé par une absence de mutations ou délétions au niveau du provirus intégré dans les cellules tumorales. Dans la deuxième partie de notre travail, nous avons pu, grâce à l’établissement de la lignée L267 dans laquelle le silencing viral n’est pas lié à une défection dans la structure génomique du provirus, élucider les mécanismes épigénétiques responsables du silencing. Nous montrons que ce provirus silencieux peut être réactivé in vitro 1) lorsque la protéine Tax sauvage est introduite par transfert rétroviral, 2) après traitement des cellules par la trichostatine A (TSA), un inhibiteur des histones désacétylases, 3) par traitement des cellules à la 5’azacytidine, un agent inhibiteur de DNA méthyltransférases. La réactivation du provirus silencieux lui confère la capacité d’infecter des moutons sains, suggérant que le provirus est complet et exempt de mutation qui pourrait altérer son fonctionnement. Les complexes de désacétylation des histones msin3A et HDAC-1 jouent un rôle important dans l’établissement du silencing viral via la condensation de la chromatine, et ce changement de la structure chromatinienne est lié a un ensemble de modifications ciblant les acides aminés des queues N-terminales des histones H3 et H4 établissant ainsi un code histone pour l’extinction et l’expression du provirus. Enfin, l’étude comparative des profils d’expression génique de cellules B tumorales dans lesquelles le provirus BLV est soit silencieux, soit ré-activé suite à l’expression exogène de Tax a montré que les mécanismes épigénétiques de silencing se superposent même dans le modèle génétique de silencing. De plus le rétablissement de l’expression virale par Tax est associé à une élimination des complexes de désacétylation des histones au niveau du promoteur viral.
Nos résultats ouvrent le champ vers l’utilisation de modèle de leucémie ovine dans des essais thérapeutiques basés sur la combinaison du traitement par des inhibiteurs des HDACs et des DNMTs et une immunothérapie ciblant des antigènes tumoraux d’origine virale ou cellulaire. De telles expériences in vivo constitueront un modèle utile pour le traitement l’ATLL et de pathologies prolifératives touchant les cellules B chez l’homme.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Henriet, Charlotte. "Effet d'une carence en soufre combinée à un stress hydrique chez le pois protéagineux : Etude des mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu dans les organes puits et source au cours de la phase reproductive." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK067.
Full textPea (Pisum sativum L.) is a grain legume crop that produces seeds rich in proteins for food and feed and, thanks to its symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, enriches the soil with nitrogen. The wider development of pea cultivation is therefore a major agroecological challenge. Water stress combined with sulfur deficiencies in soils (S is a macroelement necessary for plant defense reactions) are two abiotic stresses that interact in the current context of climate change. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pea adaptation to water stress and their modulation by sulfur nutrition remain to be elucidated. The objectives of this thesis were, first, to describe the impact of an interaction between these two abiotic stresses, water stress and sulfur deficiency, during the reproductive phase on the yield and quality of pea seeds and, second, to characterize using -omics approaches the underlying molecular mechanisms by focusing on developing seeds and leaves, sources of nutrients for developing seeds.Thus, pea plants (cv. ‘Caméor’) deprived of sulfate two weeks before flowering were subjected to a period of nine days of moderate water stress from the beginning of flowering. Each stress was also applied individually in parallel with a non-stressed condition. The analysis of mature plants showed a synergistic effect of the two single stresses on yield and yield components. On the other hand, the protein composition of the seed, characterized by the 7S/11S globulin ratio, was less affected in response to the double stress than in response to sulfur deficiency alone, and did not vary in response to water stress. These results show that water stress mitigated the negative effect of sulfur deficiency on seed protein composition. Similar results were obtained for the seed nitrogen/sulfur ratio (correlated to the 7S/11S ratio), suggesting that it is a good indicator of seed protein composition in pea.In order to determine the mechanisms by which seeds and leaves adapt their metabolism under these multiple stress conditions, developing seeds and leaves of the first two reproductive nodes were collected prior to the application of water stress, during the combined stress period, and during re-watering. These tissues were subjected to omics analyses (proteomics, transcriptomics, ionomics, metabolomics) offering a global view of the response of seeds and leaves to the single and double stresses. The analysis of seeds revealed a mitigated effect of sulfur deficiency combined with water stress on the seed transcriptome and proteome compared to sulfur deficiency alone. The responses of seeds to the single or combined stresses involved a few proteins but these were involved in the removal of reactive oxygen species or in the maintenance of the redox balance. In leaves, transcriptional reprogramming in response to the double stress occurred at the first and last developmental stages studied. This reprogramming involves genes with roles in post-translational modification and protein transport processes. Changes in the leaf proteome occurred at the end of the double stress and during re-watering, highlighting proteins that play a key role in detoxification processes, including metal accumulation.This new knowledge has allowed the identification of candidate proteins for controlling the mechanisms of seed development or detoxification of cells during abiotic stress. They offer prospects for improving and stabilizing pea yields and seed nutritional quality
Merino, Pierrick. "Reproduction expérimentale du contact roue-rail à échelle réduite : Voies de formation des sources de défauts." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI101.
Full textThe safety issue is still the main concern of railway network due to the development of railway transportation and the increase of the amount of passengers. The understanding of the origin of the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defect, is one key to safety requirements. The White Etching Layer associated to the initiation of the squat defect is hardly recreated. The use of laboratory test bench enable the replication of the wheel-rail contact. Nevertheless, only a fraction of the characteristic parameters is taken into account and compromises are necessary. The test bench “Triboring” built at LaMCoS, fulfills a gap in the existing apparatus. The “roller on circular rail” design was chosen to fit the tribological behavior of wheel-rail contact, and replicate RCF defects. The production of a test bench required to relate and differentiate the measured data to the phenomena corresponding to the operating from the phenomena corresponding to wheel-rail contact. The bench was characterized with dynamic and cinematic analysis. The design of the sample was improved. The tribological behavior of the bench was optimized with the preparation of the initial surface of the samples and the production of a tribological “fuse”. This layer delays the speed accommodation by wear and benefit the shear of the first bodies and the formation a Tribological Transformation of Surface (TTS), as the White Etching Layer. The two different fuse layer created (Run-in and oxidized), induced a significant wear reduction. The tribological and metallurgical analysis of the surfaces and cuts of the sample, enabled to the explanation of the evolution of the microstructure of the rail close to the surface, submitted to various mechanical solicitations. The transformation of this microstructure led to the formation of white etching layer mechanically formed
Dalanezi, Felipe Morales. "Influência da mastite clínica causada por diferentes patógenos nos índices reprodutivos de vacas leiteiras e na resposta de proteínas de fase aguda." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183360.
Full textResumo: A mastite bovina é responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na bovinocultura de leite, além de aspectos de saúde pública que devem também ser considerados. Animais com mastite clínica ou subclínica apresentam diversas alterações reprodutivas. No primeiro artigo da tese, os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a mastite causada por patógenos maiores (20,1%) ou por gram-negativos (15,4%) levaram a queda na taxa de prenhez na primeira inseminação comparado com o grupo controle (32,6%). Foi observado maior taxa de perda gestacional para os grupos de patógenos maiores (22,2%) e gram-negativos (30,1%) comparados com o controle (12,8%). Foi observado diferença entre todos os grupos para o número de dias em aberto. O grupo controle apresentou o menor intervalo (126,5 dias) seguido pelo grupo patógenos menores (162,0 dias) e pelo grupo de patógenos maiores (175,1 dias). Comportamento similar observado para patógenos gram-positivo (172,7 dias) e patógenos gram-negativos (191,1 dias). Portanto, é importante controlar a mastite em rebanhos leiteiros e, para tanto, o diagnóstico é uma etapa importante. Diferentes proteínas de fase aguda foram descritas como bons biomarcadores para o diagnóstico da mastite. No segundo artigo da tese, foi observado que diferentes patógenos podem alterar a liberação de proteínas de fase aguda no leite. Bactérias que causam inflamações mais graves (E. coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae) levaram maior concentração das APP. Patógenos que causam infecções crônica (Str... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bovine mastitis is responsible for major economic losses in dairy cattle farming, as well as public health aspects that should also be considered. Animals with clinical or subclinical mastitis present several reproductive alterations. In the first article of this thesis, the results showed that mastitis caused by major pathogens (20.1%) or gram-negative (15.4%) led to a decrease in pregnancy rate in the first insemination compared to the control group (32.6%). Higher gestational loss rates were observed for the major (22.2%) and gram-negative (30.1%) pathogen groups compared with the control (12.8%). The difference was observed between all groups for the number of days open. The control group had the shortest interval (126.5 days) followed by the minor pathogens group (162.0 days) and the major pathogens group (175.1 days). Similar behavior observed for gram-positive pathogens (172.7 days) and gram-negative pathogens (191.1 days). Therefore, it is important to control mastitis in dairy herds and, so, diagnosis is a critical step. Different acute phase proteins have been described as good biomarkers for the diagnosis of mastitis. In the second article of this thesis, it was observed that different pathogens may alter the release of acute phase proteins in milk. Bacteria that cause more severe inflammation (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) led to a higher concentration of APP. Pathogens causing chronic infections (Environmental Streptococcus, S. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.) led to interm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Piou, Vincent. "Relations entre le parasite Varroa destructor et son hôte l'abeille domestique : étude des facteurs impactant le déroulement du cycle de développement du parasite." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30204.
Full textVarroa destructor is the principal acarian parasite of the honey bee, involved in the phenomenon of colony loss which has been reported worldwide. Since its host shift from Apis cerana to Apis mellifera in the 1970's, chemical treatments have been set up to limit infestation. For many years however, these treatments have been the subject of critical studies both because of the resistance of the parasite to acaricides and of the sensitivity of bees to chemical accumulation in hive matrices. New alternative ways of varroatosis treatment are therefore urgently needed to limit the deleterious effects of the acarian parasitism. However, the search for these alternative therapeutic targets is limited by the lack of a laboratory system to transfer and synchronize the cycles of V. destructor and the honey bee under controlled conditions. The methodological objective of this Phd work was to overcome this issue by developing a method to couple the rearing of honey bee larvae in vitro to the transfer of both the parasite phoretic and reproductive phases (respectively on adults and on pupae) in laboratory conditions. Our system allowed further investigation regarding the impact of variable parameters in the host on several key points of the parasite cycle. The effects of several factors -such as the bee larval nutrition, the length of the phoretic phase, the type of adult bees on which Varroa stays during this phase or the age of pupal development- were studied. The potential impact in the parasite cycle focused mainly on reproductive, behavioural and virulence related parameters. The results obtained from our experiments showed that larval nutrition, tested via the supplementation of the larval food with pollen, had no impact on the reproduction of the parasite but a tendency to influence the weight of the bee, potentially increasing the bee tolerance to some of the symptoms of varroatosis, such as the weight loss. The reproduction of Varroa was not impacted by variations induced in the phoretic phase either. Neither the fertility of the parasite nor the expression of its two vitellogenin genes were impacted by the duration or the age of adults parasitized during the phoretic phase. On the other hand, the length of the stay on adult bees before reproduction positively correlates with the viral loads in the parasite, which explains why varroas experiencing a long phoretic phase induce malformation more frequently in parasitized pupae. Finally, the age of juvenile stages of the honey bees are all attractive to Varroa destructor, although some preferences have been highlighted in our study. If the attraction for 5th instar larvae and newly emerged bees have already been described, the attractions towards the white eyed pupae is a new phenomenon that could be of major importance in the understanding of the parasite cycle. Further analysis to isolate and shed light on the attraction signals involved in the process is needed. Altogether, this thesis has supplied, for the whole scientific beekeeping community, new exciting research avenues and methodologies to develop our knowledge about the bee, the parasite and the viruses it carries. It might allow us, in the future, to design alternative treatment specifically targeting the parasite without injuring the honey bee
Adib-Lesaux, Achraf. "Caractérisation des ovulations silencieuses induites par effet mâle chez la brebis en anoestrus saisonnier." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4021.
Full textThe first ovulation induced by male effect in anestrous ewes during the non-breeding season usually result in the development of short cycles that can be avoided by progesterone priming. Our results show that ewes ovulate earlier in June due to selection at J0 of follicles in a more advanced stage of development. However, these observations seem to be unrelated to the luteal outcome after male effect. In parallel, we demonstrate the positive effect of progesterone on the completion of follicular growth and the improvement of the ability of these follicles to respond properly to LH surge and to synthesis ovarian steroids. However, further studies are required to understand whether these changes have functional consequences on the quality of oocytes induced by the male effect and in fertility after male effect on a large number of animals
Le, Danvic Chrystelle. "Détection de l’oestrus chez les bovins." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10185/document.
Full textEstrus detection is the critical stage in livestock reproduction. Efficiency of artificial insemination, the major method of reproduction used in cattle, depends on the accurate detection of this short female stage. Currently used detection methods are quite expensive and insecure. This work aims to the elucidation of chemical communication involved in estrus detection by the male. Indeed, male can detect heats by olfactory cues emitted in urine of female. Identification of such chemical cues and their associated binding proteins in estrus behaviour will permit to develop new biotechnological tools as biosensors for estrus detection. To characterize estrus specific molecules, urine from 30 cows was collected at specific stages of the estrus cycle and their chemical composition has been assayed by GC/MS analysis. No systematic estrus specific compounds have been characterized, but we were able to characterize a few compounds as pre-estrus and/or estrus specific in some animals. Identified compounds remain to be tested for their biological activity and ability to elicit sexual behaviour to confirm their implication in estrus detection. No protein binding these molecules could be identified in urine. The urinary serum albumin, described in female elephant urine as a pheromone carrier protein, was characterized. The study of protein in the olfactory area led us to identify several isoforms of bovine Odorant Binding Protein (bOBP), in male and female olfactory tissues. Isoforms can be distinguished by their post-translational modifications. Biochemical experiments showed phosphorylation on one bOBP variant and a N-glycan is present at the N-terminus of the protein. Existence of various bOBP isoforms suggests function specificity, in particular in their binding properties. Spectroscopic fluorescence experiments were performed to analyze the structure-function relationships between the various bOBP isoforms and odorant molecules to ascertain this hypothesis
Smith, Jack Lloyd. "Sexual maturation in sea- and freshwater phases of Pacific salmonids and investigations of reproductive hormone involvement in osmoregulatory adaptation." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1132.
Full textWu, Hsin-Hue, and 吳杏惠. "Circadian phase effects on reproductive success and population growth of two sibling species of cockroach, Blattella germanica and Blattella bisignata." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81279892464602935486.
Full text臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
96
The goal of this study was to unveil the ecological significance of biological clock in cockroach. In particular, study demonstrated the differences of reproductive success in cockroach, Blattella germanica and B. bisignata, when the mate-finding locomotion was off-phased between sexes. In each step leading to a successful mating was investigated the significant effect by the locomotor circadian phase. The mate-finding rate, copulation rate and number of offspring in each major step were calculated when the pairs were grouped into four scenarios, of which 10L♀-10L♂ and 10L♀-10L♂ as on-phased scenarios and 22L♀-10L♂and 10L♀-22L♂ as the off-phased ones. The results indicated circadian phase significantly affected the success of mate-finding, timing of copulation, and number of offspring. In particular, the female’s circadian phase was the crucial factor to determine the success of reproduction. Since B. germanica is a domicile cockroach and B. bisignata is a feral species, the effect of circadian phase contributes significantly on reproductive success more in the former than the latter. Imagine the B. bisignata was able to establish in cockroach-free households, too. May the B. bisignata can win the competition with B. germanica? In this article, I develop a stage-structured population model of these two species and use two kinds of calculate methods (such as in time continuous and time discrete) to explore (i) whether their circadian clock impact their long-term population dynamics, (ii) which of these species is a superior competitor, and (iii) how stringent potential pest control strategies have to be to significantly impact established populations of the German cockroach. The results of the model are as follows. Firstly, variation in the circadian clock did not affect cockroach population dynamics unless males and females were out of phase and their mate finding abilities rather limited. Secondly, the German cockroach was the superior competitor: it was able to invade and drive out established populations of the double-striped cockroach and prevent any invasion of the latter. Finally, only a significant and simultaneous reduction in a number of most sensitive German cockroach parameters gave us a chance of species extirpation. Only careful and data-based models of German (and double-striped) cockroach population dynamics can become helpful tools in our quest to win the fight over this awkward yet very sturdy species.
Wu, Hsin-Hue. "Circadian phase effects on reproductive success and population growth of two sibling species of cockroach, Blattella germanica and Blattella bisignata." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2901200813521900.
Full textSchülke, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Living apart together - patterns, ecological basis and reproductive consequences of life in dispersed pairs of fork marked lemurs (Phaner furcifer, Primates) / vorgelegt von Oliver Schülke." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967765897/34.
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