Journal articles: 'Reproductive medicine not elsewhere classified'

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Parry, J. Preston. "St. Elsewhere and hysteroscopy." Fertility and Sterility 118, no. 4 (October 2022): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.855.

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Ross, PM. "Differences in morphology and reproduction of the barnacles Elminius covertus and Hexaminius spp. from mangrove forests in the Sydney region of New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 5 (1996): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960715.

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E. covertus is found on bark and leaves of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina, H. foliorum is found on leaves and H. popeiana is found on bark. 7655 barnacles were collected from two sites at Woolooware Bay from winter 1987 to summer 1989. Reproductive and external features in E. covertus differed depending on the substratum on which it lived; reproductive output was greater on leaves than on bark. The genus Hexaminius has been classified elsewhere as two species on the basis of external features and reproductive differences of adults, larval development and larval setation; however, the adults were living on different substrata. A detailed study of larval and juvenile stages of Hexaminius in the field showed no differences in external features until juveniles were one month old and no differences in the time taken to rear cyprid larvae. This suggests that Hexaminius should not continue to be divided into two species.

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Masaki, Motofumi, and Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 2 (April 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.

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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.

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Louis, David N., Pieter Wesseling, Werner Paulus, Caterina Giannini, Tracy T. Batchelor, J. Gregory Cairncross, David Capper, et al. "cIMPACT-NOW update 1: Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) and Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)." Acta Neuropathologica 135, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1808-0.

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Burford, C., R. Laxton, Z. Sidhu, M. Aizpurua, A. King, I. Bodi, K. Ashkan, and S. Al-Sarraj. "ATRX immunohistochemistry can help refine ‘not elsewhere classified’ categorisation for grade II/III gliomas." British Journal of Neurosurgery 33, no. 5 (April 24, 2019): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1600657.

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Gangadhar, K., and D. Santhosh. "Primary Skull Osteosarcoma: MDCT Evaluation and Histopathological Correlation in Two Cases." Neuroradiology Journal 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140091202500206.

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Osteosarcomas are typically long bone tumors and rarely affect the skull, with most articles reporting single cases. As elsewhere in the body, these lesions may be classified as primary or secondary, chiefly post-Paget and post-radiation therapy. We describe two cases of primary osteosarcoma of skull one presenting with cerebellar symptoms and another with giant skull swelling. Complete evaluation with 64 slice CT and histopathological correlation was carried out.

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Ahmed F. Hameed, Israa S. Ajeel, Khalida I. Noel, and Khalid M. Hassan. "Multifactorial etiology of male and female infertility/ assisted reproductive technique." Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2022.7.1.0083.

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Introduction: Infertility defined as inability of female to conceive after 12 months (6 months for women above 35 years) of unguarded sexual coitus. It affected about 15% of new couples. Genetic causes contribute about 15-30% of male infertility. Also the infertility can be defined as inability to carry the gestation until giving birth of a live fetus. Infertility can be classified into primary and secondary infertility, also can be classified according to etiological cause into male and female infertility. Conclusion: This review yield the importance of infertility as serious medical problem, affecting the partners life and focus on the important etiological factors affecting the fertile male or female as life style and smocking state in addition to aging, hormonal state, infections and systemic disease, also this review focus on the importance of assisted reproductive technique and its complication.

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Shields, Gerald F. "Interchange chromosomes in Simulium nigricoxum Stone Diptera: Simuliidae." Genome 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-102.

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A whole-arm interchange (IS-IIIL/IL-IIIS) is described from a larval population of Simulium nigricoxum Stone in the Yukon Territory. Although unstudied elsewhere, S. nigricoxum appears to differ from its closest presumed relative, Simulium malyschevi, by the whole-arm interchange, a fixed autosomal inversion in the short arm of the second chromosome, and a sex-linked inversion also in the short arm of the second chromosome. It is possible that the interchange provided a chromosomal basis for reproductive isolation of S. nigricoxum from an ancestral form, but because of its apparent localized distribution that hypothesis must remain tentative.Key words: Simulium nigricoxum, Simulium malyschevi, chromosome interchanges, inversions, reproductive isolation.

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Ng, Shu-Wing, Sam G. Norwitz, and Errol R. Norwitz. "The Impact of Iron Overload and Ferroptosis on Reproductive Disorders in Humans: Implications for Preeclampsia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133283.

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Iron is an essential element for the survival of most organisms, including humans. Demand for iron increases significantly during pregnancy to support growth and development of the fetus. Paradoxically, epidemiologic studies have shown that excessive iron intake and/or high iron status can be detrimental to pregnancy and is associated with reproductive disorders ranging from endometriosis to preeclampsia. Reproductive complications resulting from iron deficiency have been reviewed elsewhere. Here, we focus on reproductive disorders associated with iron overload and the contribution of ferroptosis—programmed cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation within cell membranes—using preeclampsia as a model system. We propose that the clinical expressions of many reproductive disorders and pregnancy complications may be due to an underlying ferroptopathy (elemental iron-associated disease), characterized by a dysregulation in iron homeostasis leading to excessive ferroptosis.

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Gulati, Bal Kishan, Anil Kumar, and Arvind Pandey. "Cause of death by verbal autopsy among women of reproductive age in Rajasthan, India." International Journal of Scientific Reports 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20150202.

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Background: Reliable data on mortality and morbidity among women of reproductive age are scarce in India. The present study is the Rajasthan component of a large multi-centric study on cause of death by verbal autopsy conducted in five states of India. The data pertaining to deaths among women of reproductive age are presented. Methods: House-to-house surveys of a representative population from rural and urban areas in six districts of Rajasthan were undertaken by Probability of Proportion to Size (PPS) sampling. Information on death was obtained from the relatives of the deceased and cause of death was assigned using the standardized algorithm prepared for the purpose. International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10 was used to code the assigned cause of death. Results: A total of 231 deaths of women of reproductive age were investigated, of which 36 (16%) were maternal deaths while 195 (84%) were non-maternal deaths. Nine out of ten maternal deaths were in rural area.Conclusions: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases; pregnancy, childbirth and the puerpurium; injury, poisoning and other consequences of external causes; and symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified were found to be the major killers among the women of reproductive age. A comprehensive approach that includes in addition to reproductive health interventions, interventions addressing underlying illiteracy among women and social reforms needs to be undertaken. Keywords: Maternal deaths, Non-maternal deaths, Women of reproductive age, Verbal autopsy

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White-Cooper, Helen. "Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation during Drosophila spermatogenesis." REPRODUCTION 139, no. 1 (January 2010): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0083.

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The differentiation of sperm from morphologically unremarkable cells into highly specialised free-living, motile cells requires the co-ordinated action of a very large number of gene products. The expression of these products must be regulated in a developmental context to ensure normal cellular differentiation. Many genes essential for spermatogenesis are not used elsewhere in the animal, or are expressed elsewhere, but using a different transcription regulation module. Spermatogenesis is thus a good system for elucidating the principles of tissue-specific gene expression, as well as being interesting in its own right. Here, I discuss the regulation of gene expression during spermatogenesis inDrosophila, focussing on the processes underlying the expression of testis-specific genes in the male germline.

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Sweeney, Vincent P., Adele D. Sadovnick, and Vilma Brandejs. "Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100035782.

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ABSTRACT:A province wide prevalence study on multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in British Columbia (B.C.). The prevalence date was July 1, 1982. The major portion of this study was a review of all the files of neurologists practicing in B.C. as this was judged to be the most accurate source for identifying MS patients. 239,412 neurologists' files were hand searched by one researcher using modified Schumacher criteria for classification. Other sources used during the study for identifying MS patients were the MS Clinic, general practitioners, ophthalmologists, urologists, specialized facilities such as long term care facilities and rehabilitation centres, and patient self-referrals.A total of 4,620 non-duplicated cases were identified and classified. 4,112 of these (89%) were classified according to information contained in neurologists' records.The prevalence estimate for definite/probable MS in B.C. was 93.3/100,000 population. This increased to 130.5/100,000 population if possible MS and optic neuritis were also included. These rates are among the highest reported in Canada or elsewhere. The cooperation of B.C. neurologists made this study unique in its scope and accuracy of diagnosis.

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Clemmensen, L. B., and H. F. Jepsen. "Lithostratigraphy and geological setting of Upper Proterozoic shoreline-shelf deposits, Hagen Fjord Group, eastern North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 157 (January 1, 1992): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v157.8195.

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During the Late Proterozoic a more than 1000 m thick succession of sediments was deposited on the shelf fringing the north-eastern corner of the Greenland craton. These sediments were classified together with an underlying turbidite sequence in the Hagen Fjord Group (Haller, 1961), which is here redefined to contain only Upper Proterozoic, mainly shallow marine shelf deposits outcropping between Independence Fjord and Kronprins Christian Land in eastern North Greenland. Both siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation occurred during the Late Proterozoic, and the changing tectonic environment along the northern and eastern shelf-margin of Greenland at that time is well recorded within the sediment sequence. Correlation of the Hagen Fjord Group with similar shelf deposits elsewhere along the eastern and northern margin of the Canadian-Greenlandian Shield is discussed.

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Iemelianenko, Volodymyr, Gornostay Alesia, and Maslak Nataliya. "COERCED STERILIZATION AS A REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS VIOLATION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012233.

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The aim: To outline and systematize the issues related to violations and restrictions on the realization of the right to reproduction. To develop propositions and recommendations on improving the prevention and combating various manifestations of coerced sterilization. Materials and methods: Theoretical basis for studying this issue includes scientific publications, research of the legislative systems of different countries, the conclusions of international non-governmental organizations. The authors of the paper have also taken into account international regulations, including UN Conventions and Directives, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), as well as analytical data provided by international organizations. Determinants in the study of this problem are the analysis, synthesis and generalization of the experience and legislative base of foreign countries, which are closely related to formal and comparative methods. Systematic, structural, dialectical and statistical methods have been also used in this paper to substantiate the problem of sterilization. Conclusions: The most radical decision to refuse from reproduction is surgical sterilization (defertilization). It can be classified as voluntary, forced and coerced. The problems of preventing and combating coerced sterilization are among the most difficult ones. Bribery and mental coercion of persons in order to obtain consent for sterilization are either not regulated by law and do not entail any liability, including criminal, or even are part of the state government policy to regulate the number of citizens in overpopulated countries, HIV-infected people, including prisoners or transgender people.

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Phan, N., S. L. Feigenbaum, D. Carpenter, D. Postlethwaite, and M. A. Armstrong. "Day 2,3 FSH Concentrations in New Infertility Patients Classified by Race/Ethnicity." Fertility and Sterility 99, no. 3 (March 2013): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.072.

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Gans, David H. "Reproductive Originalism: Why the Fourteenth Amendment's Original Meaning Protects the Right to Abortion." SMU Law Review Forum 75, no. 1 (March 2022): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/slrf.75.1.5.

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The conventional wisdom among conservative originalists is that Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey are abominable rulings unmoored from the text and history of the Constitution. In the eyes of conservative originalists, the Supreme Court created the right to abortion out of whole cloth, without a shred of support from the Constitution’s text. These so-called originalists are deeply misguided. As this Essay shows, the text and history of the Fourteenth Amendment, in fact, protect unenumerated fundamental rights, including rights to bodily integrity, to marry and have a family, and to reproductive liberty. The right to abortion flows logically from these fundamental rights that the Fourteenth Amendment was written to protect. The Supreme Court should recognize these Fourteenth Amendment first principles when it decides this Term’s blockbuster case, Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, a challenge to a Mississippi law banning abortions after fifteen weeks of pregnancy. This Essay makes two central claims. First, it shows that the original meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment broadly protects fundamental rights, including rights not specifically mentioned elsewhere in the four corners of the Constitution’s text. Against the backdrop of the horrors of slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment drew on the Declaration of Independence’s promise of inalienable rights and the Ninth Amendment’s affirmation of individual rights not specifically enumerated in the text to safeguard the protection of basic personal rights inherent in liberty. Accordingly, the fact that the Constitution does not explicitly list abortion as a protected right is irrelevant.

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Winkvist, Anna, Detty Siti Nurdiati, Hans Stenlund, and Mohammad Hakimi. "Predicting under- and overnutrition among women of reproductive age: a population-based study in central Java, Indonesia." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 2 (June 2000): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000227.

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AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate changes over 1 year in weight and body mass index (BMI) among a population-based sample of non-pregnant women in Indonesia and to identify risk factors for developing under- and overnutrition.DesignCross-sectional studies in 1996 and 1997 in the same population.SettingPurworejo District, central Java, Indonesia.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n = 4132) aged 15–49 years of age who participated in both 1996 and 1997. Based on BMI, women were classified as having chronic energy deficiency (CED), and as being either of normal weight or obese.ResultsThe mean height of the women was below the fifth percentile of international standards. In 1996, 16.2% had CED, 72.2% were normal and 11.6% were obese. In 1997, the corresponding figures were 14.4%, 71.2% and 14.3%, respectively, revealing a significant mean increase in weight and BMI. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 3.0% developed CED in 1997. Significant risk factors for developing CED were experiences of child deaths and non-use of contraceptives. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 5.3% developed obesity in 1997. Here, significant risk factors included most indicators of wealth as well as occupation.ConclusionsThe results should be important for future efforts to prevent CED and obesity in the general population; conditions which are both associated with health risks.

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E.O., Ewunonu. "Incidence of brachycephalization among Nigerians." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5203.

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Background- The study of head dimension is of considerable anthropological interest especially in the study of the growth in shape of the head. The incidence of brachycephalization in Nigeria was established by carrying out an analysis of the craniometric study of the three major tribes in Nigeria. Similar reports have been made elsewhere within and outside Africa. Materials and Method- A cross sectional measurement of the head length and head breadth was carried out on regional basis on 500 subjects each from Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba tribes of Nigeria. The Cephalic Index was calculated accordingly and classified. Result- The Mean Cephalic Index of the Hausa subjects was 80.20 ± 2.66 while the mean values for Ibo and Yoruba subjects were 82.40 ± 2.91 and 82.20 ± 3.09 respectively. Conclusion- The present report shows that Cephalic Index of Nigerians appreciated from the mesocephalic values reported by earlier researchers to brachycephalization.

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Evans, G. "Application of reproductive technology to the Australian livestock industries." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 3, no. 6 (1991): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9910627.

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Current use of reproductive technology in the Australian livestock industries is limited, though it increased in line with higher prices for beef and wool through the 1980s. The required techniques, many of which were developed in Australia, are available and the level of expertise is comparable to the best in the world. However, the extensive pastoral industries do not readily lend themselves to these procedures. Only in the dairy industry is artificial insemination used to a significant degree. On the other hand, application of the technology in the pastoral industries is confined largely to studs and breeding cooperatives which provide breeding animals for producer flocks and herds. Hence the impact of applied technology may be more widespread than first appears. Until recently, little regard was paid to application of the technology along sound breeding principles. Artificial insemination and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) have not been used so much in planned breeding programmes aimed at local improvement of stock, but more to proliferate genes of reputedly superior stock, imported either from overseas or elsewhere in Australia. This is particularly true of MOET, where the incentive to use it is commonly a short term cash gain made from proliferating breeding stock of a particularly valuable and usually novel strain or breed. Recent technological improvements which render the use of reproductive technology cheaper and more effective will lead to its more widespread use in commercial practice. Techniques for embryo freezing and splitting have been greatly simplified and quickly put into practice. The novel livestock technologies of in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization have already found commercial application overseas. Fecundity-enhancing products have also been adopted by the livestock industries. There is potential value for greater use of reproductive technology in the livestock industries provided it is implemented according to sound breeding principles and provided associated management practices are applied simultaneously.

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Sacha, Caitlin R., Stylianos Vagios, Irene Souter, Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy, Prudhvi Thirumalaraju, Hadi Shafiee, and Charles L. Bormann. "MATURITY OF OOCYTE COHORT IMPACTS BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT AS CLASSIFIED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)." Fertility and Sterility 116, no. 3 (September 2021): e161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.435.

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Campbell, Madeleine L. H. "Ethics: use and misuse of assisted reproductive techniques across species." Reproduction and Fertility 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): C23—C28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-21-0004.

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The boundaries of what we are able to do using ARTs are fast-moving. In both human and veterinary medicine, this presents a fundamental question: ‘Just because we can, should we?’ or, to rephrase the same question: ‘How can we distinguish between what is a use and a misuse of an ART, across species?’ This paper assesses the scientific evidence base for and against the use of ARTs and offers a personal opinion on how we can use such evidence to inform an ethical distinction between justifiable and unjustifiable uses of the techniques. It is argued that the law provides a necessary but insufficient basis for such distinctions. Based on the evidence about harms and benefits, ARTs may be classified into three groups: those which should be rarely used; those for which current evidence supports arguments both for and against their use and those which there is an ethical imperative to use. To which category a particular ART falls into varies depending upon the species to which it is being applied and the reason we are using it. In order to ensure that our ethical oversight keeps up with our technical prowess, the medical and veterinary professions should keep discussing and debating the moral basis of the use of ARTs, not only with each other but also with the lay public. Lay summary The use of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) has become commonplace in both human and veterinary medicine. Technical limitations are rapidly advancing. This raises a fundamental issue: ‘How can we distinguish between what is a use and a misuse of an ART, across species?’. ‘Misuse’ may be defined both in terms of physical and psychological harms and of moral disquiet about ‘interfering with nature’. This paper assesses the scientific evidence base for and against the use of ARTs and provides a personal opinion on how we can use such evidence to inform an ethical distinction between justifiable and unjustifiable uses of the techniques. We need to consider not only legal but also non-legal ethical justifications for their use. Based on the evidence about harms and benefits, ARTs may be classified into three groups: those which should be rarely used; those for which current evidence supports arguments both for and against their use and those for which there is an ethical imperative to use. To which category a particular ART falls into varies depending upon the species to which it is being applied and the reason we are using it. Open discussion between the medical and veterinary professions and the public is necessary to ensure that ethical oversight of the use of ARTs across species keeps up with technical developments.

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Cicinelli, Ettore, Niels Einer-Jensen, Ronald H. F. Hunter, Mauro Cignarelli, Angelo Cignarelli, Giuseppe Colafiglio, Raffaele Tinelli, and Vincenzo Pinto. "Peritoneal fluid concentrations of progesterone in women are higher close to the corpus luteum compared with elsewhere in the abdominal cavity." Fertility and Sterility 92, no. 1 (July 2009): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.044.

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Downie, Jocelyn, and Françoise Baylis. "Transnational Trade in Human Eggs: Law, Policy, and (In)Action in Canada." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12015.

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In Canada (as elsewhere) there is a growing demand for human eggs for reproductive purposes and currently demand exceeds supply. This is not surprising, as egg production and retrieval is onerous. It requires considerable time, effort, and energy and carries with it significant physical and psychological risks. In very general terms, one cycle of egg production and retrieval involves an estimated total of 56 hours for interviews, counseling, and medical procedures (i.e., screening, hormonal stimulation, and egg retrieval). The screening carries risks of unanticipated findings with severe consequences for insurability (which can be catastrophic). The daily hormone injections can be painful and uncomfortable, causing cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, mood changes, and irritability.

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Kumar, Vinod, Shivakumara Manu, Karunakaran Caroline, Anupama Sekhar, Sajwan-Khatri Mamta, Mushkam Sandeep, Wasimuddin ., Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran, and Govindhaswamy Umapathy. "Discovery of 16-Androstenes (Androstenone and Androstenol), Their Synthesis Pathway, and Possible Role in Reproduction of Mouse Deer (Moschiola indica)." Cells 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 3837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233837.

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We discovered odorous 16-androstenes (Androstenone and Androstenol) in endangered mouse deer during a captive breeding program. This study examined the molecular characteristics, their synthesis pathway, and the possible functional role of these compounds in the reproduction of mouse deer. CYP17A1 and CYB5 genes were cloned and expressed in HEK-293, COS-7 cell lines, and gonads of mouse deer to investigate the CYP17A1 gene’s andien-β-synthase activity towards the synthesis of 16-androstenes in mouse deer. An enzyme immunoassay was further developed and standardized to measure fecal androstenone during the reproductive cycles of mouse deer. Results showed that the mouse deer CYP17A1 gene possesses andien-β-synthase activity and could transform pregnenolone into 5,16-androstadien-3β-ol. The expression of the CYP17A1 gene upregulated in the testis and ovary compared to other tissues in mouse deer. Significantly elevated androstenone and estrogens were recorded prior to delivery and postpartum estrus/mating in mouse deer. Further, there were weak correlations between fecal androstenone and estrogens/androgens in mouse deer during the breeding season. These findings suggest that androstenone probably plays a role in the reproductive activities of mouse deer. This knowledge can be used for captive breeding programs of mouse deer in India and elsewhere.

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Miyagi, Yasunari, Toshihiro Habara, Rei Hirata, and Nobuyoshi Hayashi. "Feasibility of deep learning for predicting live birth from a blastocyst image in patients classified by age." Reproductive Medicine and Biology 18, no. 2 (March 2019): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12266.

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LEE, Sang Dong. "Medical knowledge of medieval physician on the cause of plague during 1347/8-1351: traditional understandings to poison theory." Korean Journal of Medical History 31, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 363–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.363.

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This article sets its investigative goal on determining the medical knowledge of medieval physicians from 1347-8 to 1351 concerning the causes of plague. As the plague killed a third of Europe’s population, the contemporary witness at the time perceived God as the sender of this plague to punish the human society. However, physicians separated the religious and cultural explanation for the cause of this plague and instead seek the answer to this question elsewhere. Developing on traditional medical knowledges, physicians classified the possible range of the plague’s causes into two areas: universal cause and individual/particular causes. In addition, they also sought to explain the causes by employing the traditional miasma-humoral theory. Unlike the previous ones, however, the plague during 1347-8 to 1351 killed the patients indiscriminately and also incredibly viciously. This phenomenon could not be explained by merely using the traditional medical knowledge and this idiosyncrasy led the physicians employ the poison theory to explain the causes of plague more pragmatically.

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Elzanaty, Saad, and Claus Johansen. "Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocele Repair of Grade II-III Lesions Associated with Improvements of Testosterone Levels." Current Urology 10, no. 1 (2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447150.

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Introduction: The results of reports on the association between varicocele repair and testosterone levels were conflicting. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to investigate the impact of varicocele repair on testosterone levels. Materials and Methods: The study is based on 20 men who experienced microsurgical subinguinal varicoceles repair because of chronic dull scrotal pain. All hormonal profiles available in the clinical records were reviewed. Follow-up evaluation was done at 1 and 12 months after surgery. Men were classified into groups based on the preoperative testosterone levels: euogonadal (serum levels of testosterone > 12 nmol/l), hypogonadal men (serum levels of testosterone ≤ 12 nmol/l). Results: Microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair was associated with a significant improvements of testosterone levels at 1 and 12 months after surgery as compared to the preoperative levels (13 nmol/l vs. 18 nmol/l, p = 0.03; 13 nmol/l vs. 15 nmol/l, p = 0.01). The same trend was seen in men who were classified as being hypogonadal (7.0 nmol/l vs. 15 nmol/l, p = 0.01; 7.0 nmol/l vs. 10 nmol/l, p = 0.02). No significant improvements in testosterone levels were observed in euogonadal men (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair was associated with a significant improvements of testosterone levels in men with grade II-III lesions and low preoperative testosterone values.

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Davila D, John H., Yony Fernando Ceballos, and German Sanchez Torres. "A system dynamics approach for dairy herd modeling considering fixed-term artificial insemination scenario." Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías 10, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/invinno.10.2.5283.

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Objective: To design and develop a continuous simulation model based on System Dynamics to analyze reproductive parameters considering artificial insemination and reproductive policies aimed at sustainability in a dairy herd. Methodology: The procedure is classified into four stages: (I) Analysis of the behavior of the dairy herd and definition of the problem, (II) Description of processes and contextualization of a model, (III) Generation of the preliminary model, verification, validation and (IV) Analysis of results. Results: It was shown that using simulation tools it is possible to model the processes within the dairy herd. The effective detections of periods of heat constitute a determining factor in the application of policies of artificial insemination and in general in the sustainability of the herd. Therefore, using a reproductive biotechnology protocol, such as heat synchronization and fixed-term artificial insemination, are policies that mitigate the problems associated with reproductive problems. Conclusions: The use of system dynamics allowed us to have a holistic approach to the problem considering all the relevant variables to evaluate improvement policies. The model presented in the development of the research allowed evaluating different policies associated with animal management, meat exploitation in dry cows, and policies of continuous review on situations associated with the efficiency in the identification of cows in heat.

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Bell, Robin J., Rakibul M. Islam, Marina A. Skiba, Dilinie Herbert, Alejandra Martinez Garcia, and Susan R. Davis. "Substituting serum anti-Müllerian hormone for polycystic ovary morphology increases the number of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome: a community-based cross-sectional study." Human Reproduction 37, no. 1 (November 6, 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab232.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Can serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) replace polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) determined by ultrasound as a diagnostic component of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Despite good correlations between serum AMH and PCOM, the use of a high serum AMH as a proxy for PCOM resulted in the reclassification of PCOS in 5% of study participants, with the main effect being more women identified, although some women previously classified as having PCOS were no longer classified as such. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY AMH has been proposed as an alternative to PCOM as a diagnostic component of PCOS. Previous studies are limited by poorly defining PCOS, use of infertile women as comparators, measurement of hormones by immunoassay that lack precision in the female range, low-resolution ovarian ultrasound and inconsistent handling and storage of serum samples. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is an Australian cross-sectional study of 163 non-healthcare-seeking women. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Serum AMH was measured by both the Ansh picoAMH assay and the Beckman Coulter Access 2 (BA2) assay, in parallel with androgens measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, in blood samples of women, not pregnant, breast feeding or using systemic steroids, who also underwent high-resolution ovarian ultrasound. PCOS was determined by the Rotterdam criteria with PCOM defined by the Androgen Excess-PCOS Taskforce recommendation of ≥25 follicles in at least one ovary. Cut-off serum concentrations that best identified women as having PCOM were identified by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 163 women, mean (SD) age 32.5 (5.5) years, who provided a blood sample and had both ovaries visualized on ultrasound were included in the analysis. Women with isolated PCOM had higher median (range) Ansh AMH and BA2 AMH concentrations than those with no PCOS characteristics [56.9 pmol/l (34.6, 104.2) versus 18.7 (3.2, 50.9), P = 0.002 and 38.5 pmol/l (22.2, 100.2) versus 16.7 (3.5, 38.9), P = 0.002, respectively]. An AMH ≥ 44.0 pmol/l, suggested by the ROC curve, identified 80.6% of women with PCOM, falsely identified 15.2% of women without PCOM as having PCOS and had a positive predictive value of 55.6%. The negative predictive value was 94.9%. An AMH BA2 assay cut-off of ≥33.2 pmol/l provided a sensitivity of 80.6%, a specificity of 79.5% and a positive predictive value for PCOM of 48.1%. The negative predictive value was 94.6% for PCOM. When serum AMH was used in the place of PCOM as a diagnostic criterion for PCOS, the Ansh assay resulted in an additional seven women classified as having PCOS and no longer classified one woman as having PCOS. For the BA2 assay, eight additional and two fewer women were classified as having PCOS. Overall, both assays resulted in six more women being classified as having PCOS. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Women with functional hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were not excluded and may have been misclassified as having an oligo-amenorrhoea-PCOM phenotype. As study participants were predominantly Caucasian/White, our findings cannot be generalized to women of other ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although serum AMH reflects the number of developing ovarian follicles, the absolute values vary between assays and specific reference ranges for individual assays are required. Irrespective of the assay used, replacing PCOM with serum AMH to diagnose PCOS in a community-based sample altered the number of women classified as having or not having PCOS. Consequently, although overall the risk of women being identified as having PCOS would be increased, some women would no longer be classified as having this condition. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was supported by the Norman Beischer Research Foundation and the Grollo-Ruzzene Foundation. S.R.D. is an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow (Grant No. 1135843). S.R.D. reports unrelated support that includes grants from the NHMRC Australia, personal fees for educational activities from Besins Healthcare, Abbott Chile, BioFemme and Pfizer Australia, personal Advisory Board/consultancy fees from Theramex, Abbott Laboratories, Astellas, Mayne Pharmaceuticals, Roche Diagnostics, Lawley Pharmaceuticals and Que Oncology and has received institutional grant funding from Que Oncology and Ovoca research. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Puppo, Vincenzo. "Can Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery Be Considered or Classified as Female Genital Mutilation Type IV?" Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 75, no. 3 (2013): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000347150.

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Catian, Gisele, Edna Scremin-Dias, and Arnildo Pott. "Reproductive phenology of Polygonum hispidum Kunth and P. punctatum Elliott (Polygonaceae), in response to the flooding cycle in the Pantanal, Brazil." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 12, no. 2 (May 9, 2018): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v12i2.96.

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In flood-driven environments the life cycles of organisms are regulated in function of the water regime. The objective of this work is to analyse the phenophases of flowering and fructification of two species of amphibious aquatic macrophytes, Polygonum hispidum Kunth and P. punctatum Elliott, with regard to the flooding cycle of the Brazilian Pantanal. We collected monthly data in 26 plots of 20 ponds during two years. The flooding phases were classified as drought, rising, flood, and receding. The periods with an abundance of water (rising, flooding, and receding) were the most important for reproduction. Both species bear fruits at flood, when the water is deepest and remains until receding, and most seeds are dispersed. The synchrony between reproductive cycles and these flood phases suggests the importance of seasonality in the reproductive patterns of these species.

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Cooke, Reinaldo F. "385 Awardee Talk: Impacts of temperament on productive and reproductive responses of Bos taurus and B. indicus females." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.256.

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Abstract Temperament is defined as the fear-related behavioral responses of cattle when exposed to human handling. Our group evaluates cattle temperament using: 1) chute score: 1 to 5 scale that increases according to excitable behavior during chute restraining, 2) exit velocity: speed of an animal exiting the squeeze chute, 3) exit score: dividing cattle according to exit velocity into quintiles using a 1 to 5 scale (1 = slowest quintile; 5 = fastest quintile), and 4) temperament score: average of chute and exit scores. Subsequently, cattle are assigned a temperament type; adequate temperament (ADQ; temperament score ≤ 3) or excitable temperament (EXC; temperament score > 3). Our group associated these evaluation criteria with reproductive responses of Bos taurus and B. indicus-influenced females. Cattle classified as EXC had greater (P ≤ 0.04) plasma cortisol vs. ADQ during handling, independent of breed type or parity. Both B. taurus and B. indicus cows classified as EXC had reduced (P ≤ 0.09) annual pregnancy rates vs. ADQ cohorts, resulting in decreased calving rate, weaning rate, and kg of calf weaned/cow exposed to breeding. Bos indicus heifers classified as EXC as yearlings had less (P < 0.01) growth rate and delayed puberty attainment by 15 months of age compared with ADQ heifers. Bos taurus heifers that reached puberty by 12 months of age had less (P ≤ 0.05) temperament score and plasma cortisol concentrations at weaning compared with heifers that did not reach puberty. Acclimating B. indicus-influenced and B. taurus heifers to human handling after weaning improved (P ≤ 0.02) temperament and hastened puberty attainment. Hence, temperament impacts productive and reproductive responses of beef females independent of breed type and parity. Strategies to improve herd temperament are imperative for optimal production efficiency of cow-calf operations based on B. taurus and B. indicus-influenced cattle.

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MARTINS, M. L., R. Y. FUJIMOTO, P. M. ANDRADE, and M. TAVARES-DIAS. "Recent Studies on Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), in Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836, from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60, no. 4 (November 2000): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000400019.

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The present work described helminth parasites of curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836 from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Eighteen fishes with average 46.7 ± 1.1 cm length and 1,674.8 ± 75.6 g weight were collected. Of the analysed fishes, 15 were parasitized with acanthocephalans in the intestine, showing a prevalence of 83.3%. The helminth was identified as Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae). It differs from other species in dimension of characters and morphology. From the original description of N. curemai, it differs from the biggest dimension of testis, elongated cement gland, nucleated lemnisci, eggs size, larger proboscis hooks length in the middle and in the third circle in males and larger hooks in the anterior circle in females. A smaller percentage occupied by the reproductive system in female trunk was reported. The observation of paratypes of N. curemai of Noronha (1973) showed a great similarity with those of the present work. This fact complements the helminth description from elsewhere.

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Muthukumar, K., TK Aleyamma, and PR Preetha. "Influence of Sperm Morphology on the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technique—Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Retrospective Analysis." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 6, no. 3 (2015): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1114.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spermatozoa morphology on ICSI cycle outcome parameters in couples with male factor infertility. Design Retrospective study. Setting University-level tertiary care center. Patients and methods One hundred and forty-eight couples with male factor infertility who had undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle from 2010 to December 2012 were included in this analysis. The semen samples of the male partners were classified according to the three predictive categories of the Tygerberg strict criteria: excellent prognosis (> 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa), good prognosis (5–14%) and poor prognosis (< 5%). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the embryo quality rate. Results Patients in the poor prognosis subgroups exhibited deficits in spermatozoa concentration, motility and total motile fraction. The variations in the outcome parameters of fertilization rate, embryo development rate and embryo quality did not correlate with sperm morphology. Conclusion Our study suggests that Kruger's strict morphology criteria of the fresh semen sample is not a good predictor for the ICSI cycle outcome. How to cite this article Preetha RP, Kamath MS, Aleyamma TK, Muthukumar K. Influence of Sperm Morphology on the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technique-Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):122-127.

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Winders, Thomas, Devin Holman, Kaycie Schmidt, David J. Smith, Bryan W. Neville, Carl R. Dahlen, Kendall C. Swanson, and Samat Amat. "346 Feeding Hempseed Cake Alters the Bovine gut, Respiratory and Reproductive Microbiota." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.312.

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Abstract A growing number of studies have investigated the viability of feeding hemp by-products as livestock feedstuffs; however, their impact on livestock microbiomes remains unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effects of feeding hempseed cake (HSC) on the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive microbiota in beef heifers. Angus-crossbred heifers [19-months old; initial body weight (BW) = 494 ± 10 kg] were fed a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) containing either 20% HSC (n = 15) or 20% corn distillers grains (Control, n = 16) for 111 days until slaughter. Individual feed intake, feeding behavior and BW were measured throughout the study. Rumen fluid and deep nasopharyngeal swabs (days 0 7, 42, 70 and 98), and vaginal and uterine swabs (at slaughter) were collected, and the microbiota assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. HSC feeding resulted in reduced average daily gain (P = 0.05) without influencing feed intake and feeding behavior (P > 0.05) (reported elsewhere). Sampling time had a significant effect on both ruminal (PERMANOVA: R2 = 0.39; P < 0.001) and nasopharyngeal (R2 = 0.18; P < 0.001) microbial community structure. There was also a significant effect of diet on the ruminal (d7– 98; 0.06 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.12; P < 0.05), nasopharyngeal (d 42; R2= 0.18; P < 0.001), and vaginal (R2 = 0.06; P < 0.01) microbiota. Although microbial richness in the rumen, nasopharynx, vagina, and uterus was not affected (P > 0.05) by HSC feeding, microbial diversity (Shannon diversity) was increased in the rumen (d42-98) but reduced in the uterus of HSC heifers (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of five ruminal genera was enriched, while five vaginal genera were reduced in HSC heifers (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of our longitudinal study suggest that feeding hemp by-products can alter the bovine gut, respiratory and reproductive microbiota.

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Sun, Baiyang, W. Tony Parks, Hyagriv N. Simhan, Marnie Bertolet, and Janet M. Catov. "Early pregnancy immune profile and preterm birth classified according to uteroplacental lesions." Placenta 89 (January 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.007.

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Hale, Georgina E., Xue Zhao, Claude L. Hughes, Henry G. Burger, David M. Robertson, and Ian S. Fraser. "Endocrine Features of Menstrual Cycles in Middle and Late Reproductive Age and the Menopausal Transition Classified According to the Staging of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) Staging System." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 63, no. 1 (January 2008): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000298341.98325.81.

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Van Holsbeke, Caroline, Anneleen Daemen, Joseph Yazbek, Tom K. Holland, Tom Bourne, Tinne Mesens, Lore Lannoo, et al. "Ultrasound Experience Substantially Impacts on Diagnostic Performance and Confidence when Adnexal Masses Are Classified Using Pattern Recognition." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 69, no. 3 (2010): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000265012.

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De Carlo, D., L. Dal Zotto, E. Perissinotto, L. Gallo, M. Gatta, U. Balottin, G. Mazzotta, et al. "Osmophobia in migraine classification: A multicentre study in juvenile patients." Cephalalgia 30, no. 12 (March 26, 2010): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410362928.

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Aims: This study was planned to investigate the diagnostic utility of osmophobia as criterion for migraine without aura (MO) as proposed in the Appendix (A1.1) of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II, 2004). Methods: We analysed 1020 patients presenting at 10 Italian juvenile headache centres, 622 affected by migraine (M) and 328 by tension-type headache (TTH); 70 were affected by headache not elsewhere classified (NEC) in ICHD-II. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the prevalence of osmophobia was 26.9%, significantly higher in M than TTH patients (34.6% vs 14.3%). Results: Osmophobia was correlated with: (i) family history of M and osmophobia; and (ii) other accompanying symptoms of M. By applying these ‘new’ criteria, we found an agreement with the current criteria for the diagnosis of migraine without aura (MO) in 96.2% of cases; 54.3% of previously unclassifiable patients received a ‘new’ diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that this new approach, proposed in the Appendix (A1.1), appears easy to apply and should improve the diagnostic standard of ICHD-II in young patients too.

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Moubasher, Alaa El din-Abdel Aal, Emad Abdelrehim Taha, Ehab Mohamed Elnashar, Ahmed Abdel Aal Abdel Maged, Asmaa Mohamed Zahran, Heba Hassan Sayed, and Hisham Diab Gaber. "Semen parameters on the intracytoplasmic sperm injection day: Predictive values and cutoff thresholds of success." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2020.03965.

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Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of semen parameters in samples used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fertilization and pregnancy rates in infertile couples.Methods: In this prospective study of Infertile couples with male factor infertility that had undergone ICSI, fractions of the same semen samples obtained for microinjection (to ensure the best predictability) were evaluated to determine the semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on the day of oocyte recovery.Results: In total, 120 couples completed the study and were subdivided into fertilized (n=87) and non-fertilized couples (n=33). The fertilized couples were further classified into pregnant (n=48) and non-pregnant (n=39) couples. Compared to non-fertilized and non-pregnant couples, fertilized and pregnant couples showed statistically significantly higher sperm viability and percentage of normal sperm morphology, as well as significantly lower sperm DFI values. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of data from the 120 ICSI cycles showed that sperm viability, normal sperm morphology percentages, and sperm DFI were significant prognostic indicators of fertilization at cutoff values of 40%, 7%, and 46%, respectively. A sperm DFI of 46% showed sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, for predicting fertilization, and no clinical pregnancies occurred in couples with a sperm DFI above 46%.Conclusion: Semen parameters from the ICSI day sample, especially sperm viability, normal morphology, and DFI, had an impact on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes in ICSI cycles.

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Sampannang, Apichakan, Supatcharee Arun, Jaturon Burawat, Wannisa Sukhorum, and Sitthichai Iamsaard. "Comparison of male reproductive parameters in mice with type 1 and type 2 diabetes." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2020.00388.

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Objective: The differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) in terms of their adverse effects on male reproductive parameters have never been elucidated. This study aimed to distinguish between the effects of the DM types in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic human T1DM and coadministered a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic human T2DM.Methods: The T1DM mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. The T2DM mice received an HFD for 14 days prior to STZ injection (85 mg/kg body weight), followed by continuous feeding of an HFD. Male reproductive parameters were evaluated.Results: The reproductive organs of the DM mice weighed significantly less than those of controls, and the seminal vesicles plus prostates of the T1DM mice weighed less than those of the T2DM mice. Increased sperm abnormalities and incomplete DNA packaging were observed in the DM groups. Sperm concentration and the proportion of normal sperm were significantly lower in the T1DM group. The seminiferous histopathology of DM mice was classified into seven types. The penises of the DM mice were smaller than those of the controls; however, tunica albuginea thickness and the amount of penile collagen fibers were increased in these mice. Round germ cells were abundant in the epididymal lumens of the mice with DM.Conclusion: T1DM adversely affected reproductive parameters to a greater extent than T2DM.

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Surapaneni, Tarakeswari, and Manisha Dudlani. "Is Advanced Paternal Age associated with Fetal Growth and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes? A Case-Control Study." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 2, no. 3 (2011): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1029.

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ABSTRACT Aim To determine associations of advanced paternal age with fetal growth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case-control study with random selection of controls. Fetal growth was determined by serial ultrasound measurements and growth was classified at birth by a neonatalogist based on the Lubchenco charts. Advanced paternal age was explored using two cutoffs (35 and 40 years). Likelihood ratios, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals around point estimates are presented. Results The study covered 218 pregnant women that included 137 (63.72%) pregnant women who delivered a live AGA/LGA baby and 78 (36.28%) pregnant women who delivered a live small for gestational age baby and 45 (20.64%) fathers with advanced paternal age based on a cutoff of ≥ 40 years and 73 (33.49%) fathers with advanced paternal age based on a age cutoff ≥ 35 years. Although advanced paternal age (both ≥ 35 and ≥ 40 years) was protective for small for gestational age babies in a bivariate analysis, the association was not significant in a multivariate regression model that adjusted for maternal age, parity, diabetes and gestational age at delivery. Advanced paternal age (both ≥ 35 and ≥ 40 years) did not show a clinically meaningful positive or negative likelihood ratio with other adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion Paternal age does not seem to be associated with fetal growth or adverse neonatal outcomes; however, a prospective cohort study is necessary to provide further evidence after controlling for potential confounders.

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Bhadarka, Harsha K., Nayana H. Patel, Kruti B. Patel, Nilofar R. Sodagar, Yuvraj D. Jadeja, Niket H. Patel, Molina N. Patel, Atul V. Patel, Darshan H. Patel, and Jagdish S. Patel. "Study of Morphokinetics in Day 3 Embryo with Implantation Potential and Effect of Sperm Cryopreservation on Embryogenesis." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 8, no. 2 (August 2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1150.

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ABSTRACT Aim In recent past, many studies had come up with the combination of time-lapse (TL) imaging of embryo morphokinetics as a noninvasive means for improving embryo selection and in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. The primary objective of the study was to find out if there is significant variation in morphokinetics of embryos with different implantation potential and also to study the effect of sperm freezing on time points of embryogenesis events in embryos with implantation potential. Materials and methods Kinetic data and cycle outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in 142 patients who had undergone IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using semen with normal parameters and embryo transfer (ET) on day 3. For the surety of specificity of morphokinetics, only cases with single ET cycles were included in the study. Timing of specific events, from the point of ICSI, was determined using TL imaging. Kinetic markers like time to syngamy (t-pnf), t2, time to two cells (c), 3c (t3), 4c (t4), 5c (t5), 8c (t8), tMor, CC2, CC3, t5–t2, t5–t4, s1, s2, and s3 were calculated. The cleavage synchronicity from the 2–8 cell stage (CS2–8), from 4 to 8 cell stage (CS4–8), and from 2 to 4 cell stage (CS2–4) were calculated as defined elsewhere. Deoxyribonucleic acid replication time ratio (DR) was also included in the comparison. Analysis of variance test was used for comparison of the mean timing of cell division and cell cycle intervals. Results Morphokinetics t-pnf, t2, t8, CC2, S2, S3, CS2–8, CS4–8, and CS2–4 differed significantly between embryos with and without implantation potential, when embryos were developed using fresh semen, while t3, t4, t5, CC2, S2, t5–t2, CS2–4, and DR differed significantly between the embryos with and without implantation potential when frozen semen was used. No significant difference was found in mean value of any of the above-stated parameters when comparison was done between implanted embryos fertilized by either fresh or cryopreserved sperm. Conclusion Many morphokinetics parameters of embryogenesis vary significantly between embryos with different ability to implant; therefore, the criteria developed in our IVF lab can be useful for selection of suitable embryo even at day 3 of development with more chances of implantation. Clinical significance Study indicates necessity of development of individualized selection model based on morphokinetics for every IVF lab and also confirms freezing as an important tool for fertility preservation of males as it does not affect events of embryogenesis. How to cite this article Bhadarka HK, Patel NH, Patel KB, Sodagar NR, Jadeja YD, Patel NH, Patel MN, Patel AV, Patel DH, Patel JS. Study of Morphokinetics in Day 3 Embryo with Implantation Potential and Effect of Sperm Cryopreservation on Embryogenesis. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(2):61-67.

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Shahedi, Abbas, Ali Reza Talebi, Aghdas Mirjalili, and Majid Pourentezari. "Protective effects of curcumin on chromatin quality, sperm parameters, and apoptosis following testicular torsion-detorsion in mice." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2020.03853.

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Objective: The chief outcome of testicular torsion in clinical and experimental contexts is testicular ischemia. Curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has fascinated researchers and clinicians for its promise in the treatment of fertility diseases. Methods: Thirty-five fully grown male mice were randomly classified into five groups: control, sham, testicular torsion, treatment group 1 (testicular torsion+short-term curcumin), and treatment group 2 (testicular torsion+long-term curcumin). Thirty-five days later, spermatozoa from the right cauda epididymis were analyzed with regard to count and motility. Toluidine blue (TB), aniline blue (AB), and chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining assays were used to evaluate the sperm chromatin integrity. In addition, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) test was used to assess apoptosis.Result: Treatment group 1 exhibited a remarkably elevated sperm count compared to the testicular torsion group. Additionally, notably lower sperm motility was found in the testicular torsion group compared to the control, treatment 1, and treatment 2 groups. Staining (CMA3, AB, and TB) and the TUNEL test indicated significantly greater testicular torsion in the torsion group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The data also revealed notably lower results of all sperm chromatin assays and lower apoptosis in both treatment groups relative to the testicular torsion group (p<0.05). Significantly elevated (p<0.05) AB and TB results were noted in treatment group 1 compared to treatment group 2.Conclusion: Curcumin can compensate for the harmful effects of testicular ischemia and improve sperm chromatin quality in mice.

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Nazari, Majid, Emad Babakhanzadeh, S. Mohsen Aghaei Zarch, Mehrdad Talebi, Nima Narimani, Mandana Dargahi, Marjan Sabbaghian, and Nasrin Ghasemi. "Upregulation of the RNF8 gene can predict the presence of sperm in azoospermic individuals." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.03111.

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Objective: In this study, specimens from testicular biopsies of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) were used to investigate whether RNF8 gene could serve as a biomarker to predict the presence of sperm in these patients.Methods: Testicular biopsy specimens from 47 patients were classified according to the presence of sperm (positive vs. negative groups) and investigated for the expression of RNF8. The level of RNF8 gene expression in the testes was compared between these groups using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: The expression level of RNF8 was significantly higher in testicular samples from the positive group than in those from the negative group. Moreover, the area under the curve of RNF8 expression for the entire study population was 0.84, showing the discriminatory power of RNF8 expression in differentiating between the positive and negative groups of men with NOA. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that RNF8 expression had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 84%, with a cutoff level of 1.76.Conclusion: This study points out a significant association between the expression of RNF8 and the presence of sperm in NOA patients, which suggests that quantified RNF8 expression in testicular biopsy samples may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the presence of spermatozoa in biopsy samples.

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Fontes, Pedro, Reinaldo F. Cooke, Nicola Oosthuizen, Claire L. Timlin, Nicholas Dias, John F. Currin, Sherrie Clark, Graham Cliff Lamb, Ky G. Pohler, and Vitor R. G. Mercadante. "150 Administration of prostaglandin F2α 24 h prior to CIDR removal impacts reproductive performance of suckled beef cows assigned to the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.108.

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Abstract Angus-influenced cows received 100 µg of GnRH and a CIDR device containing 1.38 g of progesterone (P4) on d 0, and were randomly assigned to 25-mg injection of PGF2α on d 6 (PG6; n = 147) or d 7 (PG7; n = 162). The CIDR device was removed on d 7, and cows received 100 µg of GnRH and artificial insemination (AI) on d 10. An estrus detection patch was attached to the tailhed of each cow on d 7, and estrus expression assessed at AI (> 50% coating removal). Blood samples were collected on d 0 to determine the presence of a functional corpus luteum via plasma P4 (CL, P4 ≥ 1.0 ng/mL; NOCL P4< 1.0 ng/ mL). A subset of cows (70 cows/treatment) were assigned to ultrasonography at AI to verify dominant follicle diameter (DFD). Blood samples for plasma P4 analysis were collected (42 cows/treatment) on d 6, and on d 7 at CIDR removal and 1 h later. A similar proportion of PG6 and PG7 cows were classified as CL (P = 0.38). Plasma P4 at CIDR removal and 1 h later were less in PG6 vs. PG7 cows classified as CL (1.81 vs. 3.99 and 1.06 vs. 2.89 ng/mL), and did not differ (P ≥ 0.43) within NOCL. Estrus expression was greater in PG6 vs. PG7 cows classified as CL (72.8 vs. 48.3%), but similar (P = 0.96) within NOCL. Pregnancy rates did not differ between treatments (P = 0.53), despite a numerical difference (P = 0.15) between PG6 vs. PG7 cows classified as CL (65.5 vs. 55.0%). No other treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.20). Hence, PGF2α administration 24 h prior to CIDR removal appears to benefit reproductive performance of beef cows with a functional CL at the beginning of the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol

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47

Agoritsas, Thomas, Arnaud Merglen, Anja Fog Heen, Annette Kristiansen, Ignacio Neumann, Juan P. Brito, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, et al. "UpToDate adherence to GRADE criteria for strong recommendations: an analytical survey." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e018593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018593.

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IntroductionUpToDate is widely used by clinicians worldwide and includes more than 9400 recommendations that apply the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. GRADE guidance warns against strong recommendations when certainty of the evidence is low or very low (discordant recommendations) but has identified five paradigmatic situations in which discordant recommendations may be justified.ObjectivesOur objective was to document the strength of recommendations in UpToDate and assess the frequency and appropriateness of discordant recommendations.DesignAnalytical survey of all recommendations in UpToDate.MethodsWe identified all GRADE recommendations in UpToDate and examined their strength (strong or weak) and certainty of the evidence (high, moderate or low certainty). We identified all discordant recommendations as of January 2015, and pairs of reviewers independently classified them either into one of the five appropriate paradigms or into one of three categories inconsistent with GRADE guidance, based on the evidence presented in UpToDate.ResultsUpToDate included 9451 GRADE recommendations, of which 6501 (68.8%) were formulated as weak recommendations and 2950 (31.2%) as strong. Among the strong, 844 (28.6%) were based on high certainty in effect estimates, 1740 (59.0%) on moderate certainty and 366 (12.4%) on low certainty. Of the 349 discordant recommendations 204 (58.5%) were judged appropriately (consistent with one of the five paradigms); we classified 47 (13.5%) as good practice statements; 38 (10.9%) misclassified the evidence as low certainty when it was at least moderate and 60 (17.2%) warranted a weak rather than a strong recommendation.ConclusionThe proportion of discordant recommendations in UpToDate is small (3.7% of all recommendations) and the proportion that is truly problematic (strong recommendations that would best have been weak) is very small (0.6%). Clinicians should nevertheless be cautious and look for clear explanations—in UpToDate and elsewhere—when guidelines offer strong recommendations based on low certainty evidence.

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Lumatalale, Albartina, Isak P. Siwa, and Feronica Parera. "PERTAMBAHAN ALAMI (NATURAL INCREASE) TERNAK SAPI BALI DI KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2021.9.2.75-83.

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The objective of this study was to known the natural increase of Bali cattle in sub-distirct of Kairatu, West Seram Regency. A survey method was applied and respondents were determined with purposive sampling. Respondent charateristics and specific variabels were observed as the study variabels. The first include farmer age, education level, main occupation, livestock purpose, business length, livestock resources, status and ownership. The next parameter consist of (1) population structure, (2) reproductive potential of cow, i.e. conception rate, calving rate, calving interval, weaning age, pre weaning mortality rate, and (3) natural increase. The result showed that the natural increase of Bali cattle was 17.69% or classified as moderate category.

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Lumatalale, Albartina, Isak P. Siwa, and Feronica Parera. "PERTAMBAHAN ALAMI (NATURAL INCREASE) TERNAK SAPI BALI DI KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2021.9.2.75-83.

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The objective of this study was to known the natural increase of Bali cattle in sub-distirct of Kairatu, West Seram Regency. A survey method was applied and respondents were determined with purposive sampling. Respondent charateristics and specific variabels were observed as the study variabels. The first include farmer age, education level, main occupation, livestock purpose, business length, livestock resources, status and ownership. The next parameter consist of (1) population structure, (2) reproductive potential of cow, i.e. conception rate, calving rate, calving interval, weaning age, pre weaning mortality rate, and (3) natural increase. The result showed that the natural increase of Bali cattle was 17.69% or classified as moderate category.

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Rajbhandari, Aasiya, Karishma Malla Vaidya, and Bibhuti Dahal. "Perimenopausal invasive complete hydatidiform mole: a rare encounter." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v12i1.33932.

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Invasive mole, classified under the gestational trophoblastic diseases, comprises of hydropic chorionic villi invading the underlying myometrium, blood vessels or extra-uterine sites. They are usually diagnosed clinically and are treated with chemotherapy. Thus, surgery is rarely performed owing to good response to chemotherapy and preservation of fertility, since most women are in reproductive age. Thus, these specimens are rarely encountered by the pathologists. Here, we report a case of invasive mole in a 48 year old female with persistent elevation of serum beta HCG levels and completed family status who underwent hysterectomy and was diagnosed as a case of invasive mole on histopathologic examination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reproductive medicine not elsewhere classified'

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