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Academic literature on the topic 'Representing science'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Representing science"

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Halpin, Jenni G. "Representing Science that Isn’t:Harvestas Science Fiction Theatre." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 39, no. 3 (August 21, 2014): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0308018814z.00000000085.

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Frederick, R. "Science and Culture: Representing Feynman." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 35 (September 2, 2014): 12571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413123111.

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Prain, Vaughan, and Bruce Waldrip. "Representing Science Literacies: An Introduction." Research in Science Education 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11165-009-9153-x.

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Begoray, Deborah L., and Arthur Stinner. "Representing Science Through Historical Drama." Science & Education 14, no. 3-5 (July 2005): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-005-0780-y.

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Fusco, Dana, and Angela Calabrese Barton. "Representing student achievements in science." Journal of Research in Science Teaching 38, no. 3 (2001): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2736(200103)38:3<337::aid-tea1009>3.0.co;2-0.

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Brown, Bryan A., Charmaine Mangram, Kathy Sun, Keith Cross, and Erin Raab. "Representing Racial Identity." Urban Education 52, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 170–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916661385.

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The challenge of opening the doors to science has been a topic of debate for many years. This content analysis study documented an urban school’s attempt to use representational practices to promote positive science identities for African American boys. Our analysis revealed how the school attempted to offer connections between ethnic identity and achievement ideology through representational practices. Whether it was posting the names of famous African American male scientists or promoting attendance to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), the school used postings, displays, and interior pictures to communicate a positive science identity. The study highlights the need to promote non-stereotypical science identities for students.
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Merseal, Hannah M., Roger E. Beaty, Yoed N. Kenett, James Lloyd-Cox, Örjan de Manzano, and Martin Norgaard. "Representing melodic relationships using network science." Cognition 233 (April 2023): 105362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105362.

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Wilson, J. Bastow, Peter S. White, Jan P. Bakker, and Sandra Díaz. "Disentangling the environment and representing vegetation science." Journal of Vegetation Science 17, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02416.x.

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Neelin, J. D., and J. Marotzke. "Representing Ocean Eddies in Climate Models." Science 264, no. 5162 (May 20, 1994): 1099–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5162.1099.

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Stern, Peter. "Representing direction in the fly." Science 356, no. 6340 (May 25, 2017): 816.5–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6340.816-e.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Representing science"

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Daly, Tricia School of Media Film &amp Theatre UNSW. "Representing the human body ??? science as social meaning." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Media, Film and Theatre, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23293.

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Representing the human body ??? science as social meaning adopts and develops systemic functional social semiotics to analyse the popular science texts, The Human Body, Superhuman, Human Instinct, Brain Story, The Secret Life of Twins and How to Build a Human. These are predominantly produced through the resources of the Wellcome Trust and/or the BBC/TLC (The Learning Channel), and feature celebrity doctors (Robert Winston) or scientists (Susan Greenfield) as presenters. Adopting a modified and expanded systemic functional semiotics derived from Kress and van Leeuwen (1996, 2001), it is argued that these texts share a logic that displaces social/historical time (including broader historical and social struggles) by constructing the apparent timelessness of middle-class families, by metaphor and abstraction. Central to the temporalities of these programmes is the notion of ???going back??? to the familial in which conscious (patriarchal) time is seen as ???male??? and the unconscious timeless is seen as ???female???. Second, the penetrative digital modes of the programmes imagine different, if conventional, genders, emphasising the interior and inertial female. The popular medical science discourses highlighted in the analysis constitute an unconscious set of taken-for-granted socio-political contexts in which medical and bioscientific knowledge is paraded and celebrated. Narrative resolution of the contradictions inherent in the contextual refrain of contemporary global capitalism is largely achieved through time by the semiotic realisation of ???going back??? to evolutionary, genetic, and (hence to) essential time and to abstracted spatial metaphors. The production origins (British, multi-national) of the factual science documentary prefigure or pre-structure the genre???s conservative colonising discourse around gender, ???race??? and evolution that are developed as social, political or even military metaphors.
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Chakilam, Krishna Chaitanya. "Representing and Minimizing Multidimensional Dependencies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1249315061.

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Meylan, Stephan Charles. "Representing Linguistic Knowledge with Probabilistic Models." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10931065.

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The use of language is one of the defining features of human cognition. Focusing here on two key features of language, productivity and robustness, I examine how basic questions regarding linguistic representation can be approached with the help of probabilistic generative language models, or PGLMs. These statistical models, which capture aspects of linguistic structure in terms of distributions over events, can serve as both the product of language learning and as prior knowledge in real-time language processing. In the first two chapters, I show how PGLMs can be used to make inferences about the nature of people's linguistic representations. In Chapter 1, I look at the representations of language learners, tracing the earliest evidence for a noun category in large developmental corpora. In Chapter 2, I evaluate broad-coverage language models reflecting contrasting assumptions about the information sources and abstractions used for in-context spoken word recognition in their ability to capture people's behavior in a large online game of “Telephone.” In Chapter 3, I show how these models can be used to examine the properties of lexicons. I use a measure derived from a probabilistic generative model of word structure to provide a novel interpretation of a longstanding linguistic universal, motivating it in terms of cognitive pressures that arise from communication. I conclude by considering the prospects for a unified, expectations-oriented account of language processing and first language learning.

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Goodare, Jennifer. "Representing science in a divided world : the Royal Society and Cold War Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/representing-science-in-a-divided-world-the-royal-society-and-cold-war-britain(3b43e9ec-765b-4944-b9b3-ea0284fc7d66).html.

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This thesis shows that despite the rhetoric of universalism and internationalism used by the Royal Society, especially after the onset of Cold War, its policies and actions in the period 1945-75 remained closely allied to the interests of the British state. More specifically, in its foreign relations the Society mainly operated within a network of Western intergovernmental organisations that were a response to, and operated in similar ways, to Eastern Bloc organisations. While financially dependent on a Parliamentary grant-in-aid, they effectively carved out a role in the sphere of international scientific relations which was built upon an image of independence from the state. Thus, Society Officers and staff were able to mobilise a double-sided discourse of utility to, and independence from, the state. The association between the government of the day and the Society was at its most effective when a consensus existed between like-minded government administrators and Officers of the Society. A culture of collaboration and informal networks allowed them to build relationships and share ideas. The Society was perfectly designed to facilitate this culture, as its Fellows permeated government networks as individuals as much as they did as direct representatives of the Society. The status of Fellows conferred on them eligibility for a variety of positions, both formal and informal, within the elite infrastructure of national life. The thesis also shows that party political and ideological motivations often prefaced associations between Fellows and like-minded politicians or civil servants, but these associations were principally between economic liberals to the exclusion of far left scientists. However, the Society’s connections with the government were also motivated by reasons beyond party politics. The Society had an overarching aim to preserve the United Kingdom’s position as a scientific ‘Mecca’. In the shifting post-war landscape, in which the country became more dependent on outside help and conscious of its relative decline in economic and political power, the Society looked beyond national borders to stay in the competition. The thesis shows that Officers of the Society responded creatively to the changing geopolitical landscape as old spheres of influence waned, such as the Empire-Commonwealth, and new ones opened up, such as the European Community and the special relationship with America. The Society pursued these new opportunities with patriotic ambition, often prioritising relations that promised scientific rather than political gains, but always within a Western framework.
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Xydias, Christina V. "Women Representing Women?: Pathways to Substantive Representation." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269445382.

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Muspratt, Alexander Walter, and n/a. "Representing Scientific Knowledge in High School Textbooks: a Corpus Study." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060913.150726.

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This thesis reports a computational corpus study of textbooks used in high school science programs in Queensland, Australia. The central research issues concern: 1. how textbook authors deploy linguistic resources in representing scientific knowledge; 2. whether or not authors deploy linguistic resources differently across the disciplines of science, and for younger and older readers; and, 3. whether or not variation in the deployment of linguistic resources can be interpreted in terms of the processes and mechanisms for establishing reliable and valid scientific knowledge. The thesis first summarises theoretical debates concerning the nature and teaching of science. An extended discussion, in the form of a case study of Galileo's work on motion, is presented, along with examples of how the 'Galileo story' has been revised and modified into popular and professional / educational imagination. This discussion thaws out critical points about the relationships between science as an observational and empirical activity and science as an abstract and intellectual activity. This is contrasted with educational constructivist accounts of learning and pedagogy, and how constructivist pedagogy is influenced by constructivist accounts of the doing of science. The data collection and analysis methods are then described in detail. A variety of tagging and marking techniques relating to vocabulary, logical formation and connection words, and grammatical formations are used. These provide the bases for a variety of frequency and collocational analyses, which, in turn, feed into a series of multivariate analyses. After presenting a descriptive overview of the corpus of textbooks, the results are reported in four chapters. Each chapter considers one linguistic resource in turn: vocabulary diversity, lexical organisation, words used to establish logical and structural formations, and grammatical organisation. These chapters show that there is systematic variation in authors deployment of linguistic resources, and that variation with respect to one linguistic resource is associated with variation with respect to the others. In particular, when scientific knowledge is presented through elaboration, persuasion, and description, there is little or no underlying structure to the phenomena being discussed, or there are few or no underlying concepts to which authors can return as their discussions progress. Alternatively, when scientific knowledge is presented in terms of rules, statements, procedures, and arrangements, the content of a topic is structured around a small number of underlying and uni~ing concepts. The contrast is between a loosely structured science that is descriptive, factual and observational, and a highly structured science that is for the most part theoretical. Furthermore, authors selectivity in their deployment of linguistic resources is associated with the major scientific disciplines. The suggestion is that the contents of Biology and Geology, with only a loose structure or no structure to the contents underlying concepts, are presented through elaboration, persuasion, and description, whereas the contents of Physics and Chemistry, structured around a small number of underlying and uni~ing concepts, are presented in terms of rules, statements, procedures, and arrangements. The thesis concludes that what is missing in textbook accounts that embody naive empiricism is the discernment evident in Galileos work: when, how and with what cost to 'simplify' the experiential world, and how to add back to theoretical accounts the complexities of the experiential world. It is an understanding of these processes and the ways in which they can be displayed and developed in classrooms that could better inform the preparation of science teachers as well as laying a stronger base for high school programs.
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Poon, Terrence C. (Terrence Chun-Yin) 1978. "Representing agent contracts with exceptions and business process description." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87290.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).
by Terrence C. Poon.
M.Eng.
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Scheidegger, Madleina C. "Representing and analyzing temporal complexity in children's story books." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33342.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-82).
In this thesis, the temporal complexity in children's stories is analyzed to better understand the development of children's perception of time. The temporal complexity increases both in greater deviations from a chronological presentation of events, as well as an increase in the different kinds of temporal relations between events. Tools to analyze and display the temporal complexity were developed and are used to demonstrate an increase in temporal complexity as the grade level increases. The results from this were then used to determine the appropriate reading material for a given grade of sample stories. Unlike the normal assessments methods, that use only the word and sentence complexity, this thesis takes into account both the the semantic contents of the story and the cognitive ability of the child.
by Madleina C. Scheidegger.
M.Eng.
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Kabilan, Vandana. "Ontology for Information Systems (04IS) Design Methodology : Conceptualizing, Designing and Representing Domain Ontologies." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Data- och systemvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4513.

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Brennan, Catherine M. (Catherine Marie). "Representing troubleshooting information for a high-volume production line." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35384.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1994, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75).
by Catherine M. Brennan.
M.S.
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Books on the topic "Representing science"

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Representing the Environment. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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1961-, Revill George, ed. Representing the environment. New York: Routledge, 2004.

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Asoko, Hilary. Analogies & illustrations: Representing ideas in primary science. Hatfield: Association for Science Education, 2001.

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Representing electrons: A biographical approach to theoretical entities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

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Representing light across arts and sciences: Theories and practices. Goettingen: V&R unipress, 2010.

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Krause, Paul. Representing Uncertain Knowledge: An Artificial Intelligence Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993.

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Werth, Paul. Text worlds: Representing conceptual space in discourse. Harlow, England: Longman, 1999.

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Jerome, Delamater, and Trasciatti Mary Anne, eds. Representing Sacco and Vanzetti. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Herman C. D. G. de Regt. Representing the world by scientific theories: The case for scientific realism. Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press, 1994.

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Chiarcos, Christian, and Sebastian Hellmann. Linked data in linguistics: Representing and connecting language data and language metadata. Edited by Nordoff Sebastian. Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Representing science"

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Chen, Chaomei, and Min Song. "Science Mapping Tools and Applications." In Representing Scientific Knowledge, 57–137. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62543-0_3.

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Paelinck, J. H. P. "Representing Negotiation Space." In Regional Science Matters, 273–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07305-7_14.

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Chen, Chaomei, and Min Song. "The Uncertainty of Science: Navigating Through the Unknown." In Representing Scientific Knowledge, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62543-0_1.

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Mailund, Thomas. "Representing Tables: tibble." In R Data Science Quick Reference, 33–43. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4894-2_3.

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Özçep, Özgür Lütfü. "Representing Spatial Relatedness." In Representation Theorems in Computer Science, 41–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25785-9_3.

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Prain, Vaughan, and Russell Tytler. "Representing and Learning in Science." In Constructing Representations to Learn in Science, 1–14. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-203-7_1.

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Mailund, Thomas. "Representing Tables: tibble." In R 4 Data Science Quick Reference, 33–41. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8780-4_3.

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Oquendo, Flavio, Jair Leite, and Thaís Batista. "Textually Representing Software Architectures." In Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science, 213–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44339-3_17.

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Brioni, Simone, and Daniele Comberiati. "The Internal Other: Representing Roma." In Italian Science Fiction, 109–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19326-3_5.

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Galavotti, Maria Carla. "On Representing Evidence." In Bas van Fraassen’s Approach to Representation and Models in Science, 101–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7838-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Representing science"

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Richards, Whitman, and Nicholas Wormald. "Representing Small Group Evolution." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse.2009.238.

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Hoeber, Orland, Garnett Wilson, Simon Harding, Rene Enguehard, and Rodolphe Devillers. "Visually representing geo-temporal differences." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vast.2010.5652951.

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Prakash, Naveen, and Arun K. Chaturvedi. "Representing analysis models for alignment." In 2010 Fourth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcis.2010.5507350.

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Langfield, Christopher, Joshua Carmichael, Garrett Wright, Joakim Anden, and Amit Singer. "Representing Steerable Bases for cryo-EM in ASPIRE." In 2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience55777.2022.00066.

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Loukanova, Roussanka. "Representing Parametric Concepts with Situation Theory." In 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2015f409.

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Ackerman, Nathanael L., Jeremy Avigad, Cameron E. Freer, Daniel M. Roy, and Jason M. Rute. "Algorithmic barriers to representing conditional independence." In 2019 34th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lics.2019.8785762.

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Zhou, Zhurong, Ruining Li, and Xiangrong Cheng. "Representing Learning Peer-Model Based on FOAF." In 2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etcs.2009.57.

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Liu, Xiaofang, Qingfu He, and Yongjun Liu. "Representing Railway Wheel Profile Using Quadratic NURBS." In 2010 Third International Joint Conference on Computational Science and Optimization. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cso.2010.46.

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Kitamura, K., and J. J. Leggett. "Representing ancient books for human science research based on a hypermedia model." In Proceedings of HICSS-29: 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1996.495393.

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Pinto, Vitor, and Fernando Parreiras. "OntoDIVE: An Ontology for Representing Data Science Initiatives upon Big Data Technologies." In 22nd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009416500420051.

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Reports on the topic "Representing science"

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Cronin, Meghan F., Clarissa Anderson, Jerome Aucan, Marcus L. Aydelett, Sebastien O. C. Boulay, Patricia Chardon-Maldonado, Maggie Chory, et al. Workshop Report for the Air-Sea Observations for a Safe Ocean, a satellite event for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development - Safe Ocean Laboratory. Edited by R. Venkatesan. SCOR Working Group #162 for developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/scor_wg_162_2022_2.

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The “Air-Sea Observations for a Safe Ocean” satellite event to the UN Decade Safe Ocean Laboratory was held on April 7, 2022 at 0000 CEST with a total number of 39 participants. The 2-hour virtual workshop, also referred to on the Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) website as “OASIS for a Safe Ocean” (https://airseaobs.org/oasis-for-a-safe-ocean), included a 30-minute poster/social session in the interactive Gather.Town platform (Figure 1). Overall, the event was interactive and productive, fostering constructive discussions about the OASIS strategy. With a focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), three of the four speakers and one moderator were from island states. Overall, the group was diverse and demonstrated the strong interest of the global air-sea interactions community to promote a Safe Ocean, particularly for SIDS. Participants included many Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOP), representing the stake they have in the future, and had active women participation.
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Rosa-Mangeret, Flavia, Otis Olela, Francisca Barcos-Munoz, Noemie Wagner, Olivier Duperrex, Marc Dupuis, and Riccardo E. Pfister. Drug Resistant Bacterial Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis in Africa: A 20 year- prevalence review and metanalysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0112.

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Review question / Objective: What is the prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens associated with neonatal Early Onset Sepsis (NEOS) in the African continent and their likelihood of resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the NEOS, and what is the trend through time? Condition being studied: There is no consensus on the definition of neonatal sepsis. Two main categories of neonatal sepsis are widely accepted: early-onset sepsis (EOS) defined as occurring in the first 72 hours of life, hence representing perinatal vertical infection; and late-onset sepsis (LOS), which occurs between 72 hours to 28 days and can be hospital or community-acquired. Information sources: Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science. All authors from papers with missing information were contacted before article exclusion.
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Hale, Thomas, Andreas Klasen, Norman Ebner, Bianca Krämer, and Anastasia Kantzelis. Towards Net Zero export credit: current approaches and next steps. Blavatnik School of Government, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2021/042.

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As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science. However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.
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Whitehead, Martha, Dale Askey, Donna Bourne-Tyson, Karen Estlund, Susan Haigh, Claire Stewart, Kornelia Tancheva, Tyler Walters, Jennifer Muilenburg, and Judy Ruttenberg. ARL/CARL Joint Task Force on Research Data Services: Final Report. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.arlcarlrdstaskforce2021.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report presents the task force’s recommendations for the roles of research libraries with regard to research data principles, policies, and approaches to managing research data. The report also offers strategies for discipline-specific research data approaches, priorities for automation of processes, economic models to scale and sustain shared resources, prioritization of research data to steward, and decision-making rubrics.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Ali, Ibraheem, Thea Atwood, Renata Curty, Jimmy Ghaphery, Tim McGeary, Jennifer Muilenburg, and Judy Ruttenberg. Research Data Services: Partnerships. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.rdspartnerships2022.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services (RDS) formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report of the ARL/CARL RDS task force’s working group on partnerships highlights library RDS programs’ work with partners and stakeholders. The report provides a set of tools for libraries to use when assessing their RDS partnerships, including assessing partnerships using a partnership life cycle, defining the continuum of possible partnerships, and creating a catalog. Not all partnerships will last the entirety of a librarian’s career, and having clear parameters for when to continue or sunset a partnership can reduce ambiguity and free up resources. Recognizing the continuum of possible partnerships can provide the framework by which librarians can understand the nature of each group. From cyclical to seasonal to sporadic, understanding the needs of a type of partnership can help libraries frame their understanding and meet a group where they are. Finally, creating a catalog of partnerships can help libraries see the landscape of the organization, as well as areas for growth. This approach also aligns with OCLC’s 2020 report on Social Interoperability in Research Support: Cross-Campus Partnerships and the University Research Enterprise, which highlights the necessity of building and stewarding partnerships. Developing and providing services in a decentralized organization relies on the ability to build trusted relationships. These tools will help libraries achieve sustainable growth that is in concert with their partners, generating robust, clearly aligned initiatives that benefit all parties, their campuses, and their communities.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Bishop, Stephanie, and Juliana Correa. Consideraciones clave: la participación de los jóvenes de América Latina y el caribe en la respuesta al COVID-19. SSHAP, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.028.

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La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado de gran forma a los jóvenes de toda América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Desde el año 2020, los jóvenes de ALC se han enfrentado a muchos desafíos, como tener adaptarse a entornos de aprendizaje virtuales, han sufrido experiencias de depresión y pérdidas, desempleo, entre otros, sin ninguna señal clara de alivio. Si bien las medidas sociales y de salud pública instituidas por los gobiernos fueron necesarias para frenar la transmisión del COVID-19, la mayoría de ellas no tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de los jóvenes. Con poco apoyo, los jóvenes tuvieron que enfrentarse a la pandemia por su cuenta. A medida que avanza la respuesta a la pandemia, surgen preguntas clave para los profesionales y los gobiernos, como las siguientes: ¿Qué lecciones podemos aprender de las perspectivas de los jóvenes en la respuesta al COVID-19 hasta ahora? ¿Y cómo podemos involucrar de una mejor manera a los jóvenes en la preparación y respuesta a la pandemia ahora y en el futuro? Este informe se base en la literatura académica y gris que explora cómo el COVID-19 afecta a los jóvenes, así como en literatura que describe la respuesta a la pandemia en ALC y otras regiones. Presenta consideraciones sobre cómo involucrar a los jóvenes considerándolos no solo como parte de la población afectada, sino también como socios en la respuesta. El informe tiene por objetivo orientar a los actores humanitarios, los funcionarios de salud pública, los defensores de los jóvenes, los profesionales de la participación de la comunidad y otros involucrados en la respuesta al COVID-19. También representa un aporte a la base de pruebas existente sobre el impacto del COVID-19 en los jóvenes. Estas lecciones son útiles para fortalecer la preparación y las respuestas programáticas a los brotes epidémicos. Se consideran jóvenes las personas entre los 10 y los 24 años de edad. Las consideraciones clave se comparten para los adolescentes (de 10 a 19 años) y los jóvenes (de 15 a 24 años). Barbados y Brasil fueron elegidos como estudios de caso debido a su gran número de jóvenes (que representan algo menos del 20 % de la población en ambos países), así como a sus diferentes respuestas nacionales al COVID-19, a pesar de enfrentarse a retos similares durante la pandemia. Este informe es parte de la serie de Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) sobre las consideraciones de las ciencias sociales en relación con el COVID-19. Forma parte de una serie elaborada por los participantes del programa de becas de SSHAP, cohorte 2, y fue escrita por Stephanie Bishop y Juliana Corrêa. Las contribuciones fueron proporcionadas por expertos en la materia de UNICEF, el Ministerio de la Juventud de Barbados y la Universidad de Espírito Santo. El informe recibió el apoyo del equipo de SSHAP en el Institute of Development Studies y fue editado por Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). Este informe es responsabilidad de SSHAP.
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