Journal articles on the topic 'Representative Building Model'
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1
MANSBRIDGE, JANE. "Clarifying the Concept of Representation." American Political Science Review 105, no. 3 (August 2011): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000189.
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This response to Andrew Rehfeld's “Representation Rethought” (American Political Science Review2009) takes up his criticisms of my “Rethinking Representation” (American Political Science Review2003) to advance a more relational and systematic approach to representation. To this end, it suggests replacing the “trustee” concept of representation with a “selection model” based on the selection and replacement of “gyroscopic” representatives who are both relatively self-reliant in judgment and relatively nonresponsive to sanctions. It explores as well the interaction between representatives’ (and constituents’) perceptions of reality and their normative views of what the representative ought to represent. Building from the concept of surrogate representation and other features of legislative representation, it argues for investigating, both normatively and empirically, not only the characteristics of individual representatives emphasized by Rehfeld's analysis but also the representative–constituent relationship and the larger representative system, including both elected and nonelected representatives, inside and outside the legislature.
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Han, Junjun, Xiaoping Zhou, Weisong Zhang, Qiang Guo, Jia Wang, and Yixin Lu. "Directed Representative Graph Modeling of MEP Systems Using BIM Data." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060834.
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Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems are crucial to a building, which directly affect the building safety, energy saving, and operational efficiency. Building information models (BIMs) help engineers to view the connection structure of MEP elements, reducing the time for reading drawings and training costs. However, existing MEP systems bring a tremendous challenge to monitoring due to issues with the complicated spatial structure, large scale, and intuitiveness. In addition, there is still a lack of feasible methods to model a representative graph in MEP systems. To address this problem, this study proposes an approach to model a directed representative graph of MEP systems using BIM data. The proposed approach contains two parts, the representative edge extraction and the direction identification. Firstly, MEP elements are converted into triangular meshes on which boundary points are extracted. Secondly, representative sets are developed to extract the representative points. Thirdly, representative points are connected to generate representative edges. Meanwhile, there are topological connection relationships among MEP elements and the flow directions of MEP ports, all of which are extracted to obtain the graph direction based on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Subsequently, representative edges and directions are combined to obtain the directed representative graph. Finally, experiments of directed representative graph extraction are evaluated on six BIM models. The experimental results show that directed representative graphs are extracted successfully. Furthermore, a simulated system is developed to integrate the directed representative graph and the Internet of Things (IoT) to realize the intelligent monitoring of MEP systems. The proposed directed representative graph model lays a solid foundation for the development of MEP systems monitoring management in smart buildings.
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Sukarya, Robby Rohman, Ade Yuliana, Yudi Taryana, Hizkia Samuel, and Ferlin Firdaus Turnip. "Analyze application Building Management of The Bank Indonesia representative office West Java." SinkrOn 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2022): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i3.11443.
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One of the facilities and assets owned by Bank Indonesia is an official residence intended for permanent employees, office buildings, and other facilities such as borrowing rooms and goods that can be used by employees to support office activities. But in the implementation of maintenance of official houses and office buildings as well as the process of requesting room loan and goods still done manually. Therefore, a Building Management application is needed that can help the maintenance activities of official house buildings and office buildings as well as the process of requesting the loan of rooms and goods. Building Management application is a software that is used for building maintenance and management of all building needs including borrowing space and goods in an office building. This study aims to accelerate the process of requesting repairs to official office buildings and office buildings as well as borrowing rooms and goods. In addition, this application also generates automatic report recording output. The method in this study use V-Model is an extension of the waterfall model and is based on the association of the testing phase to each appropriate development phase. The result in this study is application to be built is based on the website using the CodeIgniter framework and the V Models system development method with stages arranged starting from verification which contains the needs analysis stage, design to the coding phase and also the validation process that contains testing of the application to determine application functionality and also know the level application usability for the user.
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London, Justin. "Building a Representative Corpus of Classical Music." Music Perception 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2013.31.1.68.
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This paper presents an object lesson in the challenges and considerations involved in assembling a musical corpus for empirical research. It develops a model for the construction of a representative corpus of classical music of the “common practice period” (1700-1900), using both specific composers as well as broader historical styles and musical genres (e.g., symphony, chamber music, songs, operas) as its sampling parameters. Five sources were used in the construction of the model: (a) The Oxford History of Western Music by Richard Taruskin (2005), (b) amalgamated Orchestral Repertoire Reports for the years 2000-2007, from the League of American Orchestras, (c) a list of titles from the Naxos.com “Music in the Movies” web-based library, (d) Barlow and Morgenstern’s Dictionary of Musical Themes (1948), and (e) for the composers listed in sources (a)-(d), counts of the number of recordings each has available from Amazon.com. General considerations for these sources are discussed, and specific aspects of each source are then detailed. Intersource agreement is assessed, showing strong consensus among all sources, save for the Taruskin History. Using the Amazon.com data to determine weighting factors for each parameter, a preliminary sampling model is proposed. Including adequate genre representation leads to a corpus of ≈300 pieces, suggestive of the minimum size for an adequately representative corpus of classical music. The approaches detailed here may be applied to more specialized contexts, such as the music of a particular geographic region, historical era, or genre.
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Olanrewaju, Abdullateef, Wong Wai Fang, and Seong Yeow Tan. "Hospital Building Maintenance Management Model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14010.
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Wellness of the patients correlated with the hospital building performance. For building to achieve it design objectives and provide value added services to owners, users and other stakeholders, maintenance functions are strategic. As a result, management of the maintenance of hospital buildings is a delicate and expensive task to perform. Despite the fact that there is a lack of representative data on the maintenance of hospital buildings in Malaysia, there is a growing concern surrounding the subject. Fire outbreaks and decay in hospital buildings suggest a need to conduct critical research to investigate the maintenance management practices of hospital buildings. This paper reports part of an ongoing research that aims to develop a maintenance model for hospital buildings. Hence, this current research reports the results of literature reviews and observations on hospital buildings in Malaysia and their maintenance practices. Upon reviewing the literature, a conceptual framework of maintenance model for hospital buildings was proposed. The research found that the current approaches to maintenance management in the hospital buildings were corrective, fragmented, cost-driven and expensive. The procurement of maintenance services was mainly outsourcings. All these call into question, the decision making processes of the hospital maintenance organisations. Collectively, the above considerations have led to the formulation of the main research question- what are the critical success factors [CSFs] for the maintenance of hospital buildings? The current study also discussed a proposed research methodology for the main research. Furthermore, issues pertaining to the research design, ontology and epistemology were briefly discussed. It was established that to enrich the findings of the main research, it was imperative to collect primary data using both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms.
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Nam, Hye-Ryeong, Seo-Hoon Kim, Seol-Yee Han, Sung-Jin Lee, Won-Hwa Hong, and Jong-Hun Kim. "Statistical Methodology for the Definition of Standard Model for Energy Analysis of Residential Buildings in Korea." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215796.
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This study was conducted to propose an optimal methodology for deriving a standard model from existing residential buildings. To strategically improve existing residential buildings, it is necessary to identify standard models that can be used as quantitative standards. In this study, a total of six methods were established for different algorithms in the dimensionality reduction and clustering stage of the data preprocessing stage. In addition, a total of 22,342 households’ data were analyzed, and a total of 26 variables were used to perform cluster analysis. The process of method 6 (data pre-processing, principal components analysis, clustering [K-medoids], verification) was proposed as a way to derive the standard model from the existing Korean housing. The method proposed in this study is capable of deriving a number of standard models considering all variables (n) in a single analysis. The representative building derived in this study contains a lot of building data, so it can be effectively used for planning and research related to buildings on a regional and national scale. In addition, this process can be applied to various buildings to derive representative buildings.
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Kim, Joowook, and Michael J. Brandemuehl. "Application Method of a Simplified Heat and Moisture Transfer Model of Building Construction in Residential Buildings." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 4180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144180.
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Several building energy simulation programs have been developed to evaluate the indoor conditions and energy performance of buildings. As a fundamental component of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning loads, each building energy modeling tool calculates the heat and moisture exchange among the outdoor environment, building envelope, and indoor environments. This paper presents a simplified heat and moisture transfer model of the building envelope, and case studies for building performance obtained by different heat and moisture transfer models are conducted to investigate the contribution of the proposed steady-state moisture flux (SSMF) method. For the analysis, three representative humid locations in the United States are considered: Miami, Atlanta, and Chicago. The results show that the SSMF model effectively complements the latent heat transfer calculation in conduction transfer function (CTF) and effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) models during the cooling season. In addition, it is found that the ceiling part of a building largely constitutes the latent heat generated by the SSMF model.
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Gao, Chutian, Ming Guo, Zexin Fu, Dengke Li, Xian Ren, Mengxi Sun, Yuquan Zhou, and Peng Cheng. "Representative Construction Engineering Drawings Combining SLAM and Ground-Based LiDAR." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2112, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2112/1/012017.
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Abstract Obtaining architectural engineering drawings is a crucial aspect of upgrading and repairing structures. Traditional elevation measuring is ineffective and results in a poor rate of restoration. The current building elevation measurement solutions based on 3D scanning technology all obtain building 3D point cloud data from a single type of laser scanner. These two methods can’t get both indoor and outdoor scenes at the same time. This paper presents a scanning strategy that combines SLAM with Ground-based LiDAR to solve this problem. The point cloud data for the building’s indoor and outdoor scenes are obtained independently, and the Ground-based LiDAR point cloud data is registered locally using the iterative closest point(ICP) algorithm. The SLAM point clouds and the Ground-based LiDAR point clouds are then registered as a whole to develop an overall model of the building using point constrained error equations. For various reasons, the building can be trimmed into a planar point cloud model depending on the application. Finally, engineering drawings for the construction of the building can be drawn. The method’s viability was demonstrated by using it in a 3D scanning project of a scenic site in Beijing. This technology improves model information interpretability, scanning efficiency, and provides powerful data assistance for building rehabilitation and repair. It is extremely important in the disciplines of urban planning, rehabilitation, and historic preservation. After performing a more optimal preprocessing, more than 90% classification accuracy was achieved across 18 low-power consumer devices for scenarios in which the in-band features-to-noise ratio (FNR) was very poor.
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He, Fan. "Restoration Design of Chu Architecture: Zhanghua Tower Based on VR Technology." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1310462.
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The restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings by VR technology can help to form a new media of ancient building culture and promote the process of digital protection in buildings. Studying the restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings under VR technology can effectively protect the ancient building culture. This paper analyzes the unique design style of Chu architecture and integrates it into VR architecture restoration design. By taking the Zhanghua tower, a representative building in Chu, as an example, this paper expounds on the realization process of restoration design of ancient buildings in Chu. In addition, through 3 ds max and Unity3D platform, the plane shape description, virtual model construction, virtual model optimization, and virtual scene construction are completed, and the virtual space experience of Chu architecture is realized by using Virtools software.
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Kim, Hye-Jin, Do-Young Choi, and Donghyun Seo. "Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073611.
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In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.
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Chandler, A. M., and G. L. Hutchinson. "A modified approach to earthquake resistant design of torsionally coupled buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 30, 1988): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.21.2.140-153.
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All major building codes employ empirical procedures to account for modal coupling between the lateral and torsional responses of a structure. These procedures are implemented using expressions defining an equivalent static design torque. The provisions are based largely on the results of parametric investigations of the earthquake response of simple single-storey building models, which are found to be representative of regular multi-storey structures. This paper presents results obtained by the analysis of the time-history earth- quake response of a single storey mono-symmetric building model, leading to the development of an alternative approach for defining the design torque for torsionally coupled buildings. The procedure is based on the concept of effective eccentricity, in which the design lateral displacements of key structural members on the edge of the building are matched to the results of a dynamic analysis. A close approximation to the dynamic responses is derived over the relevant ranges of the important parameters. These parameters include the ratio of torsional to translational natural frequencies, which strongly influences the magnitude of torsional coupling effects in asymmetric buildings.
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Manapragada, Naga Venkata Sai Kumar, Anoop Kumar Shukla, Gloria Pignatta, Komali Yenneti, Deepika Shetty, Bibhu Kalyan Nayak, and Venkataramana Boorla. "Development of the Indian Future Weather File Generator Based on Representative Concentration Pathways." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215191.
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India’s fossil-fuel-based energy dependency is up to 68%, with the commercial and residential sectors contributing to the rise of building energy demand, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Several studies have shown that the increasing building energy demand is associated with increased space-cooling ownership and building footprint. The energy demand is predicted to grow further with the conditions of global warming and the phenomenon of urban heat islands. Building designers have been using state-of-the-art transient simulation tools to evaluate energy-efficient envelopes with present-day weather files that are generated with historical weather datasets for any specific location. Designing buildings with historical climatic conditions makes the buildings vulnerable to the predicted climate change impacts. In this paper, a weather file generator was developed to generate Indian future weather files using a geo-filtering-based spatial technique, as well as the temporal downscaling and machine learning (ML)-based bias correction approach proposed by Belcher et al. The future weather files of the three representative concentration pathways of 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 could be generated for the years 2030, 2050, 2070, 2090, and 2100. Currently, the outputs of the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model are being used to create future weather files that will aid architects, urban designers, and planners in developing a built environment that is resilient to climate change. The novelty lies in using observed historical data from present-day weather files on the typical meteorological year for testing and training ML models. The typical meteorological weather files are composed of the concatenation of the monthly weather datasets from different years, which are referred to for testing and training ML models for bias correction.
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Raillon, Loïc, and Christian Ghiaus. "Study of Error Propagation in the Transformations of Dynamic Thermal Models of Buildings." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5636145.
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Dynamic behaviour of a system may be described by models with different forms: thermal (RC) networks, state-space representations, transfer functions, and ARX models. These models, which describe the same process, are used in the design, simulation, optimal predictive control, parameter identification, fault detection and diagnosis, and so on. Since more forms are available, it is interesting to know which one is the most suitable by estimating the sensitivity of the model to transform into a physical model, which is represented by a thermal network. A procedure for the study of error by Monte Carlo simulation and of factor prioritization is exemplified on a simple, but representative, thermal model of a building. The analysis of the propagation of errors and of the influence of the errors on the parameter estimation shows that the transformation from state-space representation to transfer function is more robust than the other way around. Therefore, if only one model is chosen, the state-space representation is preferable.
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Wu, Yue, Luke S. Blunden, and AbuBakr S. Bahaj. "City-wide building height determination using light detection and ranging data." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 9 (May 8, 2018): 1741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318774336.
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The research presented in this paper addresses a current gap in the availability of building geometry data and provides estimates of individual building characteristics at city scale. Such data are crucial for a wide range of subjects such as modelling building energy consumption as well as regional housing market studies. However, such data are currently not available in the UK. In this work, a new approach was developed to automatically estimate the geometric characteristics of buildings, including height and floor count. A wide range of datasets have been brought together including high-resolution light detection and ranging data to accurately estimate building elevation and to obtain the external dimension of buildings. In the UK, most of the datasets required for this model are available for urban areas, allowing the model to be widely applied both in cities and beyond. The paper presents the results of building height and floor count determined from this model and compares these with the actual data obtained from a survey of 108 representative buildings in the city of Southampton. The results show good accuracy of the model with 97% of the estimates having an error under ±1 floor and an absolute mean error of 0.3 floors. These results provide confidence in utilising this model for future building studies at a city scale.
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Morovat, Navid, Andreas K. Athienitis, José Agustín Candanedo, and Benoit Delcroix. "Model-Based Control Strategies to Enhance Energy Flexibility in Electrically Heated School Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050581.
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This paper presents a general methodology to model and activate the energy flexibility of electrically heated school buildings. The proposed methodology is based on the use of archetypes of resistance–capacitance thermal networks for representative thermal zones calibrated with measured data. Using these models, predictive control strategies are investigated with the aim of reducing peak demand in response to grid requirements and incentives. A key aim is to evaluate the potential of shifting electricity use in different archetype zones from on-peak hours to off-peak grid periods. Key performance indicators are applied to quantify the energy flexibility at the zone level and the school building level. The proposed methodology has been implemented in an electrically heated school building located in Québec, Canada. This school has several features (geothermal heat pumps, hydronic radiant floors, and energy storage) that make it ideal for the purpose of this study. The study shows that with proper control strategies through a rule-based approach with near-optimal setpoint profiles, the building’s average power demand can be reduced by 40% to 65% during on-peak hours compared to a typical profile.
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Nicholas, Mara Jauane, Ravindra Jayaratne, Takayuki Suzuki, and Tomoya Shibayama. "A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR SCOUR DEPTH OF COASTAL BUILDING FAILURES DUE TO TSUNAMIS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.management.24.
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The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was one of the strongest earthquakes which generated a major tsunami in
modern history. The tsunami disaster had an estimated cost of 16.9 trillion yen (US$ 217.3 billion) and affected the Coastal
buildings, services, infrastructure and industrial sectors. Approximately 61% of damaged cost was from the building sector. A
practical predictive scour depth model at seaward face was developed to highlight the scour failure of Coastal buildings in Miyagi,
Fukushima and Iwate prefectures affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The predictive model for
representative scour depth was developed in terms of various hydraulic, geometrical and soil properties affecting Coastal buildings.
An analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the authors’ predictive scour model against the existing models. The
results of the authors’ proposed model suggested that the tsunami velocity played a significant role on tsunami-induced scour, other
scour models such as Tonkin et al.’s model (2003) is reliant on the accuracy of sub models and hydrodynamic forces while the
Colorado State University model as modified by Nadal et al. (2010) is reliant on the geometric parameter of the structure.
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Xavier, Válter, Rita Couto, Ricardo Monteiro, José Miguel Castro, and Rita Bento. "Detailed Structural Characterization of Existing RC Buildings for Seismic Exposure Modelling of the Lisbon Area." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050642.
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As many European countries, the Portuguese territory is a region of moderate seismicity, and a large part of its building stock includes reinforced concrete (RC) buildings built before the introduction of modern seismic codes (<1983s). Currently, the Lisbon building stock is composed of 45% of RC buildings, of which 71% were built in such a construction period. Being designed to only sustain gravitational loads and without adequate lateral load resistance, these buildings are likely to be severely damaged during an earthquake. This highlights the need to propose reliable seismic risk assessment and earthquake loss models for such structures. In this context, the development of an exposure model which quantifies the building stock susceptible to be seismically damaged, in terms of structural characteristics, spatial location, and occupancy, is of major importance. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute the definition of a building exposure model for the city of Lisbon, focusing on a detailed structural characterization of these typologies. It starts with an extensive collection and analysis of design blueprints of existing buildings in two Lisbon’s neighborhoods: Alvalade and Benfica, which were found to be representative of the RC building stock in the city. Then, the information collected is scrutinized and statistically post-processed through probability distributions that provide a clear insight on the RC typologies and their structural characteristics. These results can be used in the future for the development of a numerical models and to derive fragility and vulnerability models, fundamental to conducting seismic risk analyses.
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Sandoli, A., G. P. Lignola, B. Calderoni, and A. Prota. "Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4979–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01155-4.
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AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
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Ereiz, Suzana, Ivan Duvnjak, Domagoj Damjanović, and Marko Bartolac. "Analysis of Seismic Action on the Tie Rod System in Historic Buildings Using Finite Element Model Updating." Buildings 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100453.
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Historic buildings have a high architectural value and their maintenance, repair and rehabilitation require a special approach. This approach is mainly based on the buildings’ performance under non-destructive tests such as operational modal analysis (OMA). Under extreme loads, such as earthquakes, these buildings require representative numerical models to simulate their expected response. In historic buildings, tie rods transfer axial loads and are typically used to balance horizontal trust due to static and dynamic loads associated with seismic actions. It is very important to determine the possibility of exceeding their load-bearing capacity under extreme loads, such as an earthquake. In this context, this paper presents an approach for the analysis of seismic action on the tie rod system in a historic building. The analysis was performed by combining the on-site experimental testing and the finite element model updating (FEMU) of the local models of tie rods and the global model of the structure. It was shown that the combination of analyzing local and global structural models, experimental on-site testing and FEMU is a viable solution for assessment of historic buildings’ load bearing capacity.
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Fateh, Amirreza, Davide Borelli, Alessandro Spoladore, and Francesco Devia. "A State-Space Analysis of a Single Zone Building Considering Solar Radiation, Internal Radiation, and PCM Effects." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050832.
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This paper deals with the dynamic modeling of a typical single-zone building. It describes the development of a dynamic model for thermal transient analysis and its application to a simplified test case considering solar irradiation and internal radiation. The dynamic behavior of the indoor air temperature has been investigated by means of a lumped approach using a state-space representation developed in MATLAB/Simulink. A set of daily temperature profiles, which are representative of the Mediterranean climatic condition, on a few different winter days, has been used as boundary conditions for the dynamic simulations. In addition, the model has been validated using two different sets of experimental data available in the literature, both statically and dynamically. Finally, a layer of insulation with a phase change material (PCM) is applied to the single zone building to quantify its effect on the building’s behavior. The results showed that the rate and amount of energy consumption in the building with PCM are moderately lower than the building without PCM. In addition, the variation of inlet air temperature, solar effects, and energy consumption have been evaluated for a case study example, as well as comfort in transient simulation to achieve a complete evaluation of the test building investigated. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the experimental and the simulation results and shows that the model can be used for a wide range of materials, dimensions, thermal resistances, and boundary conditions.
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Samarin, Oleg Dmitrievich. "On the probable and statistical choice of the arrays of representative climatic data." Vestnik MGSU, no. 2 (February 2016): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.2.98-105.
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Currently, the successful development of the construction industry depends on the improved energy performance of buildings, structures and facilities, as well as on the quality assurance of the indoor climate. The problem of feasibly more accurate estimation of energy consumption by heating systems in buildings is a very high-priority task now because of the decrease of energy and fuel sources and because of actualization of building standards in the Russian Federation. That’s why it is very important to find simple but enough accurate dependences between the climatic parameters in the heating season of the year. The modern principles accepted in Russia and European countries for the selection of the design climate information for the design of building envelopes and systems to ensure building microclimate are considered. Shortcomings of the methods, including the concept of “typical year”, are shown and the advantages of generating climate data arrays programmatically with the use of a pseudorandom number generator are described. The comparison of the results of the calculation of non-stationary thermal regime of a ventilated room is presented using numerical modeling with daily average temperature of the external air during the month, according to climate data and the results of software generation. The principal coincidence of the statistical distribution of outdoor temperatures and the behavior of indoor air temperature on both options and the possibility of implementation of probabilistic-statistical principle of climatic data for some calculations relating to outdoor enclosures and thermal regime of the building are shown. The obtained model is easy to use in the engineering practice especially during preliminary calculations. The presentation is illustrated with numerical and graphical examples.
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Решетников and Sergey Reshetnikov. "The Experience of Mass Communication Structural-Functional Model Building." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 6 (December 15, 2013): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1891.
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The paper offers an ontological model of mass communication (MC), which
unites traditional structural-functional information approach and metaphorical simulation method. The selection of archetypical psychological structures, which can be laid in the basis of a representative communicative
model, is proved in this study. The model establishes the equality of communicator and recipient values in the communication process and the resulting structural symmetry of communication mental and activity cycles,
in particular, balances the communicative effect by the binding force of the
communicative order, that allows specify a meaning of "free press" term.
The model identifies six key positions for evaluation of MC system’s objective condition in society. Analysis of these positions is carried out in accordance with information flow distribution in the MC not on technological
characteristics (press, radio, TV, etc.), as it is done usually, but in accordance with K. Jung’s four psychological modes, that methodologically predetermined by ontological view on communication.
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Alexander, Gregory L., Kimberly Powell, Chelsea B. Deroche, Lori Popejoy, Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Richelle Koopman, Lorren Pettit, and Michelle Dougherty. "Building consensus toward a national nursing home information technology maturity model." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz006.
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Abstract Objectives We describe the development of a nursing home information technology (IT) maturity model designed to capture stages of IT maturity. Materials and Methods This study had 2 phases. The purpose of phase I was to develop a preliminary nursing home IT maturity model. Phase II involved 3 rounds of questionnaires administered to a Delphi panel of expert nursing home administrators to evaluate the validity of the nursing home IT maturity model proposed in phase I. Results All participants (n = 31) completed Delphi rounds 1-3. Over the 3 Delphi rounds, the nursing home IT maturity staging model evolved from a preliminary, 5-stage model (stages 1-5) to a 7-stage model (stages 0-6). Discussion Using innovative IT to improve patient outcomes has become a broad goal across healthcare settings, including nursing homes. Understanding the relationship between IT sophistication and quality performance in nursing homes relies on recognizing the spectrum of nursing home IT maturity that exists and how IT matures over time. Currently, no universally accepted nursing home IT maturity model exists to trend IT adoption and determine the impact of increasing IT maturity on quality. Conclusions A 7-stage nursing home IT maturity staging model was successfully developed with input from a nationally representative sample of U.S. based nursing home experts. The model incorporates 7-stages of IT maturity ranging from stage 0 (nonexistent IT solutions or electronic medical record) to stage 6 (use of data by resident or resident representative to generate clinical data and drive self-management).
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Tirado, Rafaela, Adélaïde Aublet, Sylvain Laurenceau, Mathieu Thorel, Mathilde Louërat, and Guillaume Habert. "Component-Based Model for Building Material Stock and Waste-Flow Characterization: A Case in the Île-de-France Region." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 13159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313159.
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Building demolition is one of the main sources of waste generation in urban areas and is a growing problem for cities due to the generated environmental impacts. To promote high levels of circular economy, it is necessary to better understand the waste-flow composition; nevertheless, material flow studies typically focus on low levels of detail. This article presents a model based on a bottom-up macro-component approach, which allows the multiscale characterization of construction materials and the estimation of demolition waste flows, a model that we call the BTP-flux model. Data mining, analytical techniques, and geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to assess different datasets available at the national level and develop a common database for French buildings: BDNB. Generic information for buildings in the BDNB is then enriched by coupling every building with a catalog of macro-components (TyPy), thus allowing the building’s physical description. Subsequently, stock and demolition flows are calculated by aggregation and classified into 32 waste categories. The BTP-flux model was applied in Île-de-France in a sample of 101,320 buildings for residential and non-residential uses, representative of the assessed population (1,968,242 buildings). In the case of Île-de-France, the building stock and the total demolition flows were estimated at 1382 Mt and 4065 kt, respectively. For its inter-regional areas—departments—, stock and demolition waste can vary between 85 and 138 tons/cap and 0.263 and 0.486 tons/cap/year, respectively. The mean of the total demolition wastes was estimated at 0.33 tons/cap/year for the region. Results could encourage scientists, planners, and stakeholders to develop pathways towards a circular economy in the construction sector by implementing strategies for better management of waste recovery and reintegrating in economic circuits, while preserving a maximum of their added value.
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Chaulagain, Nischal, Bivek Baral, and Saurav Raj Bista. "Thermal Performance of Nepalese Building- A Case Study of Dhulikhel and Biratnagar." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32012.
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Nepal has wide variation in altitude, so does its climate, lifestyle and housing. The building design code issued by the Government of Nepal does not address the issue of thermal comfort, which could be the reason the modern buildings built under the design code are performing poorly in terms of indoor thermal comfort. As a result, people have largely compromised in accommodation. The research includes selection of two representative buildings (at Biratnagar and Dhulikhel) followed by real time monitoring of indoor climate (temperature and Relative humidity). The logged data was used to calibrate the computer model. The model was approximated to real scenario including indoor heat loads from people, lighting, electric equipment and infiltration. Building energy modeling was done in EnergyPlus. The research work depicts the thermal performance of building by comparing the indoor climate of selected buildings of Biratnagar and Dhulikhel with the ASHARE suggested thermal comfort level for humans. The major problem found in the buildings of Biratnagar was overheating for more than 6 months period while for Dhulikhel was under heating for more than 4 months period. The author suggests further research to analyze passive techniques to improve thermal performance and reduce active energy consumption.
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Konior, Jarosław, Marek Sawicki, and Mariusz Szóstak. "Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010297.
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The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.
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Kim, Sang Hyun. "Uspensky Sobor as Representative Model of Russian Orthodox Church Building and Russian Culture Code." Journal of Slavic Studies 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 59–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46694/jss.2017.12.32.4.59.
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Ballarini, Ilaria, Elisa Primo, and Vincenzo Corrado. "On the limits of the quasi-steady-state method to predict the energy performance of low-energy buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170724133b.
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The recent European energy policies progressively introduced more restrictive energy performance requirements aimed at achieving the nearly zero-energy building target for all new buildings and major renovations. To check compliance with these requirements, the building energy performance can be evaluated through different calculation methods, as widely presented in literature. The present article is aimed at identifying in which boundary conditions (e. g. climate, use category, building size, thermal insulation level) a simplified steady-state calculation method can predict with sufficient accuracy the energy performance of low-energy buildings if compared with a dynamic simulation model. The analysis was performed on two building types, representative of the Italian residential typology, located in three different climatic zones and characterised by two insulation levels. The insulation levels fit the U-values of the notional reference building, established by the Italian legislation for checking compliance with energy performance requirements in two different steps; the first level is in force until 2020, while the second level is that of a reference nearly zero-energy building in force from 2021 onwards. The building energy performance, in terms of net energy needs for space heating and space cooling, was assessed by means of both the monthly calculation method of CEN standards and the detailed simulation model of EnergyPlus. Consistency options were applied to the models to guarantee that their outputs could be comparable. The quasi-steady-state method demonstrated to predict the cooling energy need quite well, but to lose in accuracy when the weight of the thermal transfer in the energy balance increases.
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Chen, Y., H. Cheng, S. Yao, and Z. Hu. "BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY BASED ON MULTI-SCALE FEATURE FUSION AND ENHANCEMENT." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (May 30, 2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-55-2022.
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Abstract. The accurate detection and mapping of buildings from high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images have attracted extensive attention. However, as an artificial target, buildings not only have various types, but also have multi-scale characteristics and complex context, which brings great challenges to the accurate identification of buildings. To deal with this problem, a semantic segmentation model based on multi-scale feature fusion and enhancement (MSFFE) is proposed for building extraction from HRRS images. Specifically, the proposed model uses the network structure of encoder and decoder. In the encoding stage, densely connected convolutional neural network is used as an encoder to extract multi-level spatial and semantic features. To effectively use the multiscale features of buildings, a multi-scale feature fusion (MSFF) module between encoder and decoder is designed to distinguish buildings of different scales in complex scenes. In the decoding stage, an attention weighted semantic enhancement (AWSE) module is introduced into the decoder to assist the up-sampling process. It not only makes full use of the multi-level features output by the encoder, but also highlights the key local semantic information of the building. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on two building segmentation data sets, WHU and INRIA. The preliminary results show that the proposed model can effectively identify buildings with different scales in complex scenes, and has better performance than the current representative networks including FCN, U-net, DeeplabV3+ and MA-FCN.
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Ye, Wei Long, Bei Zhan Wang, Kang Chen, and Kai Jie Guo. "An Improved User Interest Model for Microblog Personalized Recommendation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.1157.
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As a representative application of Web 2.0, microblog is now becoming one of the most popular social networks. There has been an increasing number of research about user interest in social networks. Based on these related works, an improved user interest model for microblog user recommendation is presented in this paper. By fetching user data, generating datasets, building user interest models and combining these models, a recommended user list is generated to help people find users they interested. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the combined model.
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De Masi, A. "STRATEGIES OF DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE’S REPRESENTATION: FROM DE-MORPHOGENESIS AT MSH-BIM. OPTICAL, THEATRICAL ILLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE IN THE NEAPOLITAN SCHOOL’S ARCHITECTURE DRAWING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-305-2019.
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Abstract. The study illustrates the architectural-scenographic construction and drawing techniques related to theatrical scenic illusionism of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in relationship with some Neapolitan monumental buildings. In addition the develop of methodologies of intervention DSH (De-Morphogenesis, Semantic, Hypermedia Systems) – BIM (Building Information Modelling) in the historical reality as new concept of “Smart Heritage”. Therefore, the objective of the research is the construction of the visual model of documentation defined as “Digital Platform for the Knowledge’s Representation” of classification and comparison data. The methodological operations will be based on the “Morphology of the Form”, the “De-Morphogenesis of the Architecture”, “Semantic Values of the Architecture by On-Morphogenesis and “Hypermedia Systems and Cloud Computing Platforms”. The research highlighted for architectural elements: 1) Lexicon, Syntax and Semantics. 2) Ripercussion on representative categories. 3) Solutions adopted to check the conservation condition. 4) manipulation based on dimensional parameters. 5) 3D parametric digital models with appropriate stylistic features in the same way as reverse engineering solutions.
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Stathopoulos, Ted, Kai Wang, and Hanqing Wu. "Proposed new Canadian wind provisions for the design of gable roofs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-023.
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Wind pressure coefficients for gable roofs of low buildings are strongly dependent on roof angle, particularly for intermediate roof slopes (roof angle 10°-30°). This paper addresses the suitability of wind pressure coefficients specified in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) for gable roofs in the intermediate slope range. In a recent research study, a series of low building models with different roof slopes were tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel under simulated open country conditions. This was different from the original study in the 1970s, which produced the current wind provisions on the basis of a model tested only for a single roof slope (4:12) in this intermediate roof slope range. The results of the study suggest that a modification of the wind provisions of NBCC would be warranted to make them more representative of the true local and area-averaged wind loads imposed on gable roofs of intermediate slope.Key words: building, code, design, pressure, roof, standard, wind.
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Hu, Xiang Lei, Sheng Cai Li, Hong Liang Yan, and Gang Meng. "Evaluation Model to Exterior Wall Assemblies." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1626.
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The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method presented in this paper is used to analyze three representative exterior wall assemblies from the perspective of manufacturers, designers, and consumers. Considering technical, economic, social, and environmental factors, a model and subsequent indicators were developed for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The approach discussed in this paper originated as a response to recent building code changes in China, and the need for value-engineers to better understand a set of newly developed wall construction assemblies in a way that minimizes subjective errors in the value-engineering evaluation process.
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Peng, Xing Qian, Kun Shao, and Zhi Fei Gao. "The Study of Wind Load Characteristics of Round Earth Building Roof Based on Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5171.
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Since the "Fujian Earth Building" was on the list of the world heritage list, the protecting work of Earth Building gets more and more important. This paper adopts the method combining wind tunnel test and numerical simulation, using CFD software to establish the representative building model of round monolayer Earth Building and get the wind load characteristics in different wind direction. And the wind tunnel tests confirmed the reliability of simulated results. The results provide reference to the protection and wind-resistant design for Earth Building and modern building of Earth Building mode.
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Owda, Abdalmenem, José Balsa-Barreiro, and Dieter Fritsch. "Methodology for digital preservation of the cultural and patrimonial heritage: generation of a 3D model of the Church St. Peter and Paul (Calw, Germany) by using laser scanning and digital photogrammetry." Sensor Review 38, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2017-0106.
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Purpose Representative cultural heritage sites and monuments around the world have been lost or damaged by natural disasters, human conflicts and daily erosion and deterioration. Documentation and digital preservation by using three-dimensional (3D) modeling techniques enables to ensure the knowledge and access for future generations. Efficient working methods and techniques should be proposed for this purpose. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a methodology for the generation of 3D photorealistic models of representative historical buildings is introduced, for using data are obtained using terrestrial laser scanning systems and photogrammetry. Findings In this paper, an approach to reconstruct 3D photorealistic models by using laser scanning and photogrammetric data is shown. Combination of data from both sources offers an improved solution for 3D reconstruction of historical buildings, sites and places. Integration of 3D models into virtual globes and/or software applications can ensure digital preservation and knowledge for next generations. Research limitations/implications Results obtained in a concrete building are shown. However, each building or studied area can show some other different drawbacks. Practical implications The study enables to generate 3D and four-dimensional models of most valuable buildings and contribute to the preservation and documentation of the cultural heritage. Social implications The study enables digital documentation and preservation of cultural heritage. Originality/value A proper solution at field (in a real and complicated case) is explained, in addition to the results, which are shown.
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Tahsildoost, Mohammad, and Zahra S. Zomorodian. "Indoor environment quality assessment in classrooms: An integrated approach." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 336–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118759687.
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Indoor Environmental Quality is an important issue in educational buildings since it is directly related to students’ well-being and learning activities. Indoor Environmental Quality parameters have been assessed in three representative campus building typologies (old, new, and retrofitted), in Tehran, Iran, by measurements and questionnaire (n = 842) from July 2016 to April 2017. Results have been compared to the students’ overall satisfaction level and recommended standards. According to results, minimum attention to local standards with regard to Indoor Air Quality, acoustic, and lighting, especially in the old and retrofitted buildings, seems the main reason of low environmental quality in the studied cases. Fitting a multiple regression model to the questionnaire data, a mathematical model is developed to predict the overall comfort (Indoor Environmental Quality index). Studied buildings have been ranked based on the Indoor Environmental Quality index from high quality: I (building C) to out of the comfort range: IV (building A). Moreover, results reveal that the acceptable range of each Indoor Environmental Quality parameters, especially with regard to thermal and acoustic comfort, is broader in real condition in comparison with the standards. Finally, the buildings’ annual energy consumption is used to propose a Retrofit Potential Index in order to assess the impact of comfort parameters on energy consumption by integrated analyses.
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Kekovic, Aleksandar, and Zoran Cemerikic. "Most significant buildings of the moderne style multi-family housing in Nis 1920-1941." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 5, no. 1 (2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0701001k.
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The paper presents the buildings of multi-family housing which were designed and constructed in the spirit of the Moderne movement, in the period between two world wars, that is 1920 - 1941 in Nis. The Moderne movement which was dominant architectonic movement in Europe after the world war I, quickly gained followers in Serbia, and thus in Nis, both the architects and investors, because of its functionality and building cost-efficiency. The representative housing buildings in Nis, which were designed in the spirit of the Moderne, exhibit some aspects of development of these structures, that is, influences of the preceding styles and an inherited building model on the formation of Serbian, that is, Nis Moderne and its significance for the development of the city of Nis in the later period. .
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Yin, Ruxin, Yiqun Pan, and Zhiliang Ding. "Energy consumption baselining and benchmarking of green office buildings in Shanghai." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601031.
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In recent years, many green buildings were built across China, but the actual performance is not as good as expected. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their performance and establish an objective energy consumption baseline as well as the benchmarking approach for green office buildings in Shanghai. Firstly, we categorized the green office buildings in Shanghai into two type - small and large, according to their floor area. Then we defined the baseline of EUI (energy use intensity, kWh/sq.m.a) based on the survey and submetering data and developed the reference models for both small and large green office building. Secondly, we specified four EUI reference levels for each type after studying the energy saving potential of green office buildings in Shanghai. Thirdly, in order to make the benchmarking approach more objective, we proposed EUI correction method for office buildings considering three main influencing factors - schedule, occupant density and meteorological parameters. We established a typical building model library of office buildings in Shanghai. We adopted regression analysis to obtain the corrections for schedule and occupant density. As for meteorological parameters, by classifying the typical days and calculating their representative EUIs, we determined the correction method.
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Miller, Julian, Lukas Trümper, Christian Terboven, and Matthias S. Müller. "A Theoretical Model for Global Optimization of Parallel Algorithms." Mathematics 9, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9141685.
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With the quickly evolving hardware landscape of high-performance computing (HPC) and its increasing specialization, the implementation of efficient software applications becomes more challenging. This is especially prevalent for domain scientists and may hinder the advances in large-scale simulation software. One idea to overcome these challenges is through software abstraction. We present a parallel algorithm model that allows for global optimization of their synchronization and dataflow and optimal mapping to complex and heterogeneous architectures. The presented model strictly separates the structure of an algorithm from its executed functions. It utilizes a hierarchical decomposition of parallel design patterns as well-established building blocks for algorithmic structures and captures them in an abstract pattern tree (APT). A data-centric flow graph is constructed based on the APT, which acts as an intermediate representation for rich and automated structural transformations. We demonstrate the applicability of this model to three representative algorithms and show runtime speedups between 1.83 and 2.45 on a typical heterogeneous CPU/GPU architecture.
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Pöschke, Florian, and Horst Schulte. "Model-based control of wind turbines for active power control." at - Automatisierungstechnik 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 820–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2021-0047.
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Abstract This paper addresses the model-based control design of wind turbines using the sector-nonlinearity approach. Building on the Takagi-Sugeno framework, this approach introduces an exact representation of the underlying nonlinear dynamics into the control design. The unified wind turbine control design followed in this study addresses both established (power optimization in the partial load and power limitation in the full-load region) and further requirements for wind turbine systems. An important control objective for wind turbines is the ability to support grid operators with frequency control. To achieve this, an active power control scheme is inherited in the design model such that changes in the power generation can be balanced and the grid frequency may be controlled. First, the derivation of models designed to achieve the multiple control objectives is presented in detail. After that, a unified synthesis procedure based on linear matrix inequalities is discussed and applied. Finally, the quality of the design process is evaluated through simulation studies for representative scenarios.
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Yang, Yunbo, Rongling Li, and Tao Huang. "Smart Meter Data Analysis of a Building Cluster for Heating Load Profile Quantification and Peak Load Shifting." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174343.
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In recent years, many buildings have been fitted with smart meters, from which high-frequency energy data is available. However, extracting useful information efficiently has been imposed as a problem in utilizing these data. In this study, we analyzed district heating smart meter data from 61 buildings in Copenhagen, Denmark, focused on the peak load quantification in a building cluster and a case study on load shifting. The energy consumption data were clustered into three subsets concerning seasonal variation (winter, transition season, and summer), using the agglomerative hierarchical algorithm. The representative load profile obtained from clustering analysis were categorized by their profile features on the peak. The investigation of peak load shifting potentials was then conducted by quantifying peak load concerning their load profile types, which were indicated by the absolute peak power, the peak duration, and the sharpness of the peak. A numerical model was developed for a representative building, to determine peak shaving potentials. The model was calibrated and validated using the time-series measurements of two heating seasons. The heating load profiles of the buildings were classified into five types. The buildings with the hat shape peak type were in the majority during the winter and had the highest load shifting potential in the winter and transition season. The hat shape type’s peak load accounted for 10.7% of the total heating loads in winter, and the morning peak type accounted for 12.6% of total heating loads in the transition season. The case study simulation showed that the morning peak load was reduced by about 70%, by modulating the supply water temperature setpoints based on weather compensation curves. The methods and procedures used in this study can be applied in other cases, for the data analysis of a large number of buildings and the investigation of peak loads.
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Jordan, E. H., and K. P. Walker. "A Viscoplastic Model for Single Crystals." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904134.
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A viscoplastic constitutive model is described in which deformation behavior is postulated on representative slip systems and the behavior of the entire crystal is determined by summing the slip on the active slip systems. By building in the slip geometry known from the metallurgical literature, it is possible to predict the anisotropic deformation behavior and to model in a straightforward manner other phenomena which have been described by metallurgists in crystallographic terms. Elevated temperature tension-torsion tests were run and used to verify the model’s predictive abilities. Ratchetting behavior under thermomechanical loading conditions is specifically addressed.
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Ali, Qaisar, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Mohammad Ashraf, Awais Ahmed, Bashir Alam, Naveed Ahmad, Mohammad Javed, Shahzad Rahman, Mohammad Fahim, and Mohammad Umar. "Seismic Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings Used in the Himalayan Belt." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 1159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091711eqs228m.
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Rubble-stone masonry structures are found abundantly in the Asian countries along the Himalayan range. Such structures are usually constructed in dry-stone masonry or are constructed in mud mortar, which makes them susceptible to damage and collapse in earthquakes. In order to study the seismic behavior of these structures, dynamic shake table tests on three reduced-scale rubble-stone masonry models were conducted. The models comprised a representative school building, a residential building, and a model incorporating simple cost-effective features in the form of horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete elements. This paper presents the results of shake table tests carried out on rubble-stone masonry buildings including: damage pattern, capacity curves, damage limit states, and response modification factors of these structures. Test data indicates that seismic performance of rubble-stone masonry structures can be significantly improved by incorporating cost-effective features such as vertical members and relatively thin horizontal bands.
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Bogdanovic, Veliborka, Dusan Randjelovic, Miomir Vasov, Marko Ignjatovic, and Jelena Stevanovic. "Improving thermal stability and reduction of energy consumption by implementing Trombe wall construction in the process of building design: The Serbia region." Thermal Science 22, no. 6 Part A (2018): 2355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180308167b.
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This paper analyzes the impact of Trombe wall construction on heating and cooling demands of building with form (rectangular single-store building of about one hundred square meters area) which is common for individual residential buildings in the Republic of Serbia. Trombe wall, as a representative of a passive solar design, was installed on the south wall of the building. Model of the building was made in the Google SketchUp software, while the results of energy performance were obtained using EnergyPlus and jEplus. Parameters of thermal comfort and climatic data for the area of city of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, were taken into account. Coverage of the south fa?ade was varied, as well as the thickness of the thermal mass and orientation. Energy consumption of the object is discussed, based on obtained results of the analysis. According to comparative analysis of the above mentioned models it can be concluded that the application of the Trombe wall structure on south side may lead to savings of 33% on heating, but also the higher energy consumption for cooling. Total energy consumption on an annual basis is reduced by using this system.
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Nieto, Juan Enrique, Juan José Moyano, Fernando Rico Delgado, and Daniel Antón García. "Management of built heritage via HBIM Project: A case of study of flooring and tiling." Virtual Archaeology Review 7, no. 14 (May 31, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2015.4349.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative system that has been fully developed in the design and management of industries involved in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sectors. There are, however, very few studies aimed at managing information models in the field of architectural and cultural heritage interventions. This research therefore proposes an innovative methodology of analysis and treatment of the information based on a representative 3D graphic model of the flooring and wall tiling of a historic building. The objective is to set up a model of graphic information which guarantees the interoperability of the aforementioned information amongst the diverse disciplines intervening in the conservation and restoration process. The Pavillion of Charles V, a Renaissancecharacterised building located in outdoor areas of the Alcazar of Seville, Spain, was selected for the study. This work constitutes a project of intervention based on Heritage or Historic Building Information Modelling, called the “HBIM Project”.
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Nieto, Juan Enrique, Juan José Moyano, Fernando Rico Delgado, and Daniel Antón García. "Management of built heritage via HBIM Project: A case of study of flooring and tiling." Virtual Archaeology Review 7, no. 14 (May 31, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.4349.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative system that has been fully developed in the design and management of industries involved in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sectors. There are, however, very few studies aimed at managing information models in the field of architectural and cultural heritage interventions. This research therefore proposes an innovative methodology of analysis and treatment of the information based on a representative 3D graphic model of the flooring and wall tiling of a historic building. The objective is to set up a model of graphic information which guarantees the interoperability of the aforementioned information amongst the diverse disciplines intervening in the conservation and restoration process. The Pavillion of Charles V, a Renaissancecharacterised building located in outdoor areas of the Alcazar of Seville, Spain, was selected for the study. This work constitutes a project of intervention based on Heritage or Historic Building Information Modelling, called the “HBIM Project”.
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Hussain, Mazhar, Shakeel Ahmad, and Wen Quan Tao. "Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of the Effective Thermal Conductivity for Complex Structured Multiphase Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.694.
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The effective thermal conductivity is an important parameter used to predict the thermal performance analysis of complex structured porous building materials. The observation of porous structure of building materials on REV (representative elementary volume) scale showed that pores can be classified into meso and macro pores. In contrast to the traditional models usually used for the (macro-meso) pore connection , a new numerical random generation macro-meso pores (RGMMP) method, based on geometrical and morphological information acquired from measurements or experimental calculations, is proposed here. Along with proposed structure generating tool RGMMP a high efficiency LBM, characterized with the energy conservation and appropriate boundary conditions at numerous interfaces in the complex system, for the solution of the governing equation is described which yields a powerful numerical tool to obtain accurate solutions. Then present model is validated with some theoretical and experimental values of effective thermal conductivity of typical building materials. The comparison of present model and experimental results shows that the proposed model agrees much better with the experimental data than the traditional theoretical models. Therefore, the present model is not limited to the described building materials but can also be used for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of any type of complex structured building materials.
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Konior, Jarosław, Marek Sawicki, and Mariusz Szóstak. "Intensity of the Formation of Defects in Residential Buildings with Regards to Changes in Their Reliability." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 6651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196651.
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Defining the basic determinants of the level of reliability with regards to the use of residential buildings and determining the function of the intensity of their characteristic defects are important issues concerning renovation strategy. The distribution of the exploitation time of residential buildings, the function of their reliability, and the distribution of the defect intensity of examined buildings are interdependent terms. Therefore, it can be assumed that the defect intensity of an object will be higher with an increase in its exploitation time. However, it is neither an increase reflecting the length of the building’s service life nor the value directly proportional to its age. The article presents a model and method of testing the defects and reliability of a representative group of traditional downtown residential buildings, which were erected in Wroclaw, Poland at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. A basic conclusion was drawn regarding the mechanism of damage of residential buildings: for the period of using the facility, in which the time of correct operation until failure has an exponential distribution, the average remaining time of failure-free operation is unchanged at any time. It was confirmed that the tested residential buildings, after a certain period of failure-free operation, fulfil their functions, just like new buildings. The optimal moment of renovation occurs after the end of the second period of operation, before the period of rapid wear. The study of the course of the damage intensity function over time reflects the wear process of a residential building in a representative sample of downtown residential buildings that were erected using traditional methods. Defining the average duration of the correct failure-free operation of an object by the reliability function, which determines the probability with which the correct operation time of an object will be longer than its age, has a practical application in the exploitation of a residential building and its components.
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Chang, Dong Eil, Do Guen Yoo, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Practical Head-Outflow Relationship Definition Methodology That Accounts for Varied Water-Supply Methods." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114755.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving reliable pressure-driven analysis (PDA) results that account for anomalies within water-pipe networks requires a head-outflow relationship (HOR) model that can calculate supply flow rate according to the supply pressure at each node. Many studies have suggested HOR models, but a methodology to define HORs that considers the actual residential environment of users and differing water-supply methods for residential buildings has not yet been proposed. This study considered water-use data from buildings and actual differences in residential environments in a surveyed area (including building heights, topography, and water systems within buildings) and water-supply methods (indirect/direct water supply, existence of a pump within buildings) to develop a methodology and derive a representative HOR for the target area for PDA. Further, a representative HOR was determined for each block by applying the developed methodology for two blocks with similar residential environments but different water-use patterns. It confirmed that the HOR induced through this process could provide high water-supply performance despite a low supply head and needed to reflect the diversity of the water-supply method. The proposed HOR-definition methodology can be easily applied in water-pipe network design and operation processes and ensure objectivity and rationality of HOR selection to yield reliable PDA results.
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Nazir, Moazzam, Omkar Ghatpande, Willy Bernal Heredia, Cameron Wierzbanowski, Daniel Gerber, and Avijit Saha. "Standardizing Performance Metrics for Building-Level Electrical Distribution Systems." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010136.
Full textAbstract:
Building-level electrical distribution systems comprise a myriad of current-carrying equipment, conversion devices, and protection devices that deliver power from the utility or local distributed energy resources to end-use building loads. Electric power has traditionally been generated, transmitted, and distributed in alternating current (AC). However, the last decade has seen a significant increase in the integration of native direct current (DC) equipment that has elevated the importance of DC distribution systems. Numerous studies have comparatively examined the performance of various electrical distribution systems in buildings but have failed to achieve uniform conclusions, primarily because of a lack of consistent and analogous performance evaluation methods. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a standard set of metrics and measurement boundaries to consistently evaluate the performance of AC, DC, or hybrid AC/DC electrical distribution systems. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated on a representative medium-sized commercial office building model with AC distribution and an equivalent hybrid AC/DC and DC distribution model, wherein the AC distribution model is concluded to be the most efficient. The simulation results show variation in computed metrics with different selected boundaries that verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in ensuring consistent computation of the performance of building-level electrical distribution systems. This paper provides an initial set of guidelines for building energy system stakeholders to adopt appropriate solutions, thus leading to more efficient energy systems.