Academic literature on the topic 'Representative Building Model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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MANSBRIDGE, JANE. "Clarifying the Concept of Representation." American Political Science Review 105, no. 3 (August 2011): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000189.
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This response to Andrew Rehfeld's “Representation Rethought” (American Political Science Review2009) takes up his criticisms of my “Rethinking Representation” (American Political Science Review2003) to advance a more relational and systematic approach to representation. To this end, it suggests replacing the “trustee” concept of representation with a “selection model” based on the selection and replacement of “gyroscopic” representatives who are both relatively self-reliant in judgment and relatively nonresponsive to sanctions. It explores as well the interaction between representatives’ (and constituents’) perceptions of reality and their normative views of what the representative ought to represent. Building from the concept of surrogate representation and other features of legislative representation, it argues for investigating, both normatively and empirically, not only the characteristics of individual representatives emphasized by Rehfeld's analysis but also the representative–constituent relationship and the larger representative system, including both elected and nonelected representatives, inside and outside the legislature.
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Han, Junjun, Xiaoping Zhou, Weisong Zhang, Qiang Guo, Jia Wang, and Yixin Lu. "Directed Representative Graph Modeling of MEP Systems Using BIM Data." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060834.
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Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems are crucial to a building, which directly affect the building safety, energy saving, and operational efficiency. Building information models (BIMs) help engineers to view the connection structure of MEP elements, reducing the time for reading drawings and training costs. However, existing MEP systems bring a tremendous challenge to monitoring due to issues with the complicated spatial structure, large scale, and intuitiveness. In addition, there is still a lack of feasible methods to model a representative graph in MEP systems. To address this problem, this study proposes an approach to model a directed representative graph of MEP systems using BIM data. The proposed approach contains two parts, the representative edge extraction and the direction identification. Firstly, MEP elements are converted into triangular meshes on which boundary points are extracted. Secondly, representative sets are developed to extract the representative points. Thirdly, representative points are connected to generate representative edges. Meanwhile, there are topological connection relationships among MEP elements and the flow directions of MEP ports, all of which are extracted to obtain the graph direction based on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Subsequently, representative edges and directions are combined to obtain the directed representative graph. Finally, experiments of directed representative graph extraction are evaluated on six BIM models. The experimental results show that directed representative graphs are extracted successfully. Furthermore, a simulated system is developed to integrate the directed representative graph and the Internet of Things (IoT) to realize the intelligent monitoring of MEP systems. The proposed directed representative graph model lays a solid foundation for the development of MEP systems monitoring management in smart buildings.
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Sukarya, Robby Rohman, Ade Yuliana, Yudi Taryana, Hizkia Samuel, and Ferlin Firdaus Turnip. "Analyze application Building Management of The Bank Indonesia representative office West Java." SinkrOn 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2022): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i3.11443.
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One of the facilities and assets owned by Bank Indonesia is an official residence intended for permanent employees, office buildings, and other facilities such as borrowing rooms and goods that can be used by employees to support office activities. But in the implementation of maintenance of official houses and office buildings as well as the process of requesting room loan and goods still done manually. Therefore, a Building Management application is needed that can help the maintenance activities of official house buildings and office buildings as well as the process of requesting the loan of rooms and goods. Building Management application is a software that is used for building maintenance and management of all building needs including borrowing space and goods in an office building. This study aims to accelerate the process of requesting repairs to official office buildings and office buildings as well as borrowing rooms and goods. In addition, this application also generates automatic report recording output. The method in this study use V-Model is an extension of the waterfall model and is based on the association of the testing phase to each appropriate development phase. The result in this study is application to be built is based on the website using the CodeIgniter framework and the V Models system development method with stages arranged starting from verification which contains the needs analysis stage, design to the coding phase and also the validation process that contains testing of the application to determine application functionality and also know the level application usability for the user.
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London, Justin. "Building a Representative Corpus of Classical Music." Music Perception 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2013.31.1.68.
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This paper presents an object lesson in the challenges and considerations involved in assembling a musical corpus for empirical research. It develops a model for the construction of a representative corpus of classical music of the “common practice period” (1700-1900), using both specific composers as well as broader historical styles and musical genres (e.g., symphony, chamber music, songs, operas) as its sampling parameters. Five sources were used in the construction of the model: (a) The Oxford History of Western Music by Richard Taruskin (2005), (b) amalgamated Orchestral Repertoire Reports for the years 2000-2007, from the League of American Orchestras, (c) a list of titles from the Naxos.com “Music in the Movies” web-based library, (d) Barlow and Morgenstern’s Dictionary of Musical Themes (1948), and (e) for the composers listed in sources (a)-(d), counts of the number of recordings each has available from Amazon.com. General considerations for these sources are discussed, and specific aspects of each source are then detailed. Intersource agreement is assessed, showing strong consensus among all sources, save for the Taruskin History. Using the Amazon.com data to determine weighting factors for each parameter, a preliminary sampling model is proposed. Including adequate genre representation leads to a corpus of ≈300 pieces, suggestive of the minimum size for an adequately representative corpus of classical music. The approaches detailed here may be applied to more specialized contexts, such as the music of a particular geographic region, historical era, or genre.
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Olanrewaju, Abdullateef, Wong Wai Fang, and Seong Yeow Tan. "Hospital Building Maintenance Management Model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14010.
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Wellness of the patients correlated with the hospital building performance. For building to achieve it design objectives and provide value added services to owners, users and other stakeholders, maintenance functions are strategic. As a result, management of the maintenance of hospital buildings is a delicate and expensive task to perform. Despite the fact that there is a lack of representative data on the maintenance of hospital buildings in Malaysia, there is a growing concern surrounding the subject. Fire outbreaks and decay in hospital buildings suggest a need to conduct critical research to investigate the maintenance management practices of hospital buildings. This paper reports part of an ongoing research that aims to develop a maintenance model for hospital buildings. Hence, this current research reports the results of literature reviews and observations on hospital buildings in Malaysia and their maintenance practices. Upon reviewing the literature, a conceptual framework of maintenance model for hospital buildings was proposed. The research found that the current approaches to maintenance management in the hospital buildings were corrective, fragmented, cost-driven and expensive. The procurement of maintenance services was mainly outsourcings. All these call into question, the decision making processes of the hospital maintenance organisations. Collectively, the above considerations have led to the formulation of the main research question- what are the critical success factors [CSFs] for the maintenance of hospital buildings? The current study also discussed a proposed research methodology for the main research. Furthermore, issues pertaining to the research design, ontology and epistemology were briefly discussed. It was established that to enrich the findings of the main research, it was imperative to collect primary data using both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms.
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Nam, Hye-Ryeong, Seo-Hoon Kim, Seol-Yee Han, Sung-Jin Lee, Won-Hwa Hong, and Jong-Hun Kim. "Statistical Methodology for the Definition of Standard Model for Energy Analysis of Residential Buildings in Korea." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215796.
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This study was conducted to propose an optimal methodology for deriving a standard model from existing residential buildings. To strategically improve existing residential buildings, it is necessary to identify standard models that can be used as quantitative standards. In this study, a total of six methods were established for different algorithms in the dimensionality reduction and clustering stage of the data preprocessing stage. In addition, a total of 22,342 households’ data were analyzed, and a total of 26 variables were used to perform cluster analysis. The process of method 6 (data pre-processing, principal components analysis, clustering [K-medoids], verification) was proposed as a way to derive the standard model from the existing Korean housing. The method proposed in this study is capable of deriving a number of standard models considering all variables (n) in a single analysis. The representative building derived in this study contains a lot of building data, so it can be effectively used for planning and research related to buildings on a regional and national scale. In addition, this process can be applied to various buildings to derive representative buildings.
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Kim, Joowook, and Michael J. Brandemuehl. "Application Method of a Simplified Heat and Moisture Transfer Model of Building Construction in Residential Buildings." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 4180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144180.
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Several building energy simulation programs have been developed to evaluate the indoor conditions and energy performance of buildings. As a fundamental component of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning loads, each building energy modeling tool calculates the heat and moisture exchange among the outdoor environment, building envelope, and indoor environments. This paper presents a simplified heat and moisture transfer model of the building envelope, and case studies for building performance obtained by different heat and moisture transfer models are conducted to investigate the contribution of the proposed steady-state moisture flux (SSMF) method. For the analysis, three representative humid locations in the United States are considered: Miami, Atlanta, and Chicago. The results show that the SSMF model effectively complements the latent heat transfer calculation in conduction transfer function (CTF) and effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) models during the cooling season. In addition, it is found that the ceiling part of a building largely constitutes the latent heat generated by the SSMF model.
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Gao, Chutian, Ming Guo, Zexin Fu, Dengke Li, Xian Ren, Mengxi Sun, Yuquan Zhou, and Peng Cheng. "Representative Construction Engineering Drawings Combining SLAM and Ground-Based LiDAR." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2112, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2112/1/012017.
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Abstract Obtaining architectural engineering drawings is a crucial aspect of upgrading and repairing structures. Traditional elevation measuring is ineffective and results in a poor rate of restoration. The current building elevation measurement solutions based on 3D scanning technology all obtain building 3D point cloud data from a single type of laser scanner. These two methods can’t get both indoor and outdoor scenes at the same time. This paper presents a scanning strategy that combines SLAM with Ground-based LiDAR to solve this problem. The point cloud data for the building’s indoor and outdoor scenes are obtained independently, and the Ground-based LiDAR point cloud data is registered locally using the iterative closest point(ICP) algorithm. The SLAM point clouds and the Ground-based LiDAR point clouds are then registered as a whole to develop an overall model of the building using point constrained error equations. For various reasons, the building can be trimmed into a planar point cloud model depending on the application. Finally, engineering drawings for the construction of the building can be drawn. The method’s viability was demonstrated by using it in a 3D scanning project of a scenic site in Beijing. This technology improves model information interpretability, scanning efficiency, and provides powerful data assistance for building rehabilitation and repair. It is extremely important in the disciplines of urban planning, rehabilitation, and historic preservation. After performing a more optimal preprocessing, more than 90% classification accuracy was achieved across 18 low-power consumer devices for scenarios in which the in-band features-to-noise ratio (FNR) was very poor.
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He, Fan. "Restoration Design of Chu Architecture: Zhanghua Tower Based on VR Technology." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1310462.
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The restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings by VR technology can help to form a new media of ancient building culture and promote the process of digital protection in buildings. Studying the restoration design of Chinese traditional ancient buildings under VR technology can effectively protect the ancient building culture. This paper analyzes the unique design style of Chu architecture and integrates it into VR architecture restoration design. By taking the Zhanghua tower, a representative building in Chu, as an example, this paper expounds on the realization process of restoration design of ancient buildings in Chu. In addition, through 3 ds max and Unity3D platform, the plane shape description, virtual model construction, virtual model optimization, and virtual scene construction are completed, and the virtual space experience of Chu architecture is realized by using Virtools software.
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Kim, Hye-Jin, Do-Young Choi, and Donghyun Seo. "Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073611.
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In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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Karlapudi, Janakiram. "Enhancement of BIM Data Representation in Product-Process Modelling for Building Renovation." Springer Nature, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73520.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to become a technology which will help to use a holistic information repository to generate and represent relevant information in different building life-cycle stages (BLCS) to dedicated groups of stakeholders. However, the scope of model components of BIM data (e.g., IFC meta-data) is limited and some parts of it are not modelled in a manner that supports the diversity of engineering use cases. This paper aims to address this deficit by identifying the capability to formulate inference rules as one of the major benefits in the ontology-based information modelling approach. However, before one can formulate inferencing rules a detailed and in-depth understanding is required on how stakeholder information needs are defined in different BLCS and on how available, open-BIM meta-data models support these information requirements. Therefore, the research progressed initially on existing definitions for Level of Detail (LOD) and selected process-modelling standards (BLCS). In the subsequent part, different renovation Activities and the Stakeholder involvements are analysed. Use cases are defined and used as a grouping mechanism for selected scenarios. Based on these grouping mechanisms, a methodology of how components of a BIMmodel could be classified to support automated inferencing in the future. The outcome of this research is an established 6-dimensional intercommunication framework (LOD, BLS, Scenarios, Stakeholders, Use Cases, BIM model data) based on the Linked Building Data approach and focusing on renovation processes optimization. Based on the framework, a renovation Product-Process Modelling ontology is developed to connect existing components and to support new interoperable applications.:Abstract
1 Introduction and Backgroung
2 Renovation Framework
2.1 Level of Detail (LOD)
2.2 Building Life-Cycle Stage
2.3 Activity and Stakeholder
2.4 BIM Object (Product Information)
2.5 Use Cases
3 Product-Process Ontology
3.1 Activity – BIM Data – LOD
3.2 BLCS – Activity – Stakeholder
4 Validation
5 Conclusion
6 Future Work
References
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Oralkan, Gaye A. "An object-oriented design intent externalization and representation model for cost estimating applications." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125049/.
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Courtot, Melanie. "Semantic models in biomedicine : building interoperating ontologies for biomedical data representation and processing in pharmacovigilance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46804.
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It is increasingly challenging to analyze the data produced in biomedicine, even more so when relying on manual analysis methods. My hypothesis is that using a common representation of knowledge, implemented via standard tools, and logically formalized can make those datasets computationally amenable, help with data integration from multiple sources and allow to answer complex queries. The first part of this dissertation demonstrates that ontologies can be used as common knowledge models, and details several use cases where they have been applied to existing information in the domain of biomedical investigations, clinical data and vaccine representation. In a second part, I address current issues in developing and implementing ontologies, and proposes solutions to make ontologies and the datasets they are applied to available on the Semantic Web, increasing their visibility and reuse. The last part of my thesis then builds upon the first two, and applies their results to pharmacovigilance, and specifically to analysis of reports of adverse events following immunization. I encoded existing standard clinical guidelines from the Brighton Collaboration in Web Ontology Language (OWL) in the Adverse Events Reporting Ontology (AERO) I developed within the framework of the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies Foundry.
I show that it is possible to automate the classification of adverse events using the AERO with very high specificity (97%). I also demonstrate that AERO can be used with other types of guidelines. Finally, my pipeline relies on open and widely used data standards (Resource Description Framework (RDF), OWL, SPARQL) for implementation, making the system easily transposable to other domains. This thesis validates the usefulness of ontologies as semantic models in biomedicine enabling automated, computational processing of large datasets. It also fulfills the goal of raising awareness of semantic technologies in the clinical community of users. Following my results the Brighton Collaboration is moving towards providing a logical representation of their guidelines.
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Veeraswamy, Anand. "Computational modelling of agent based path planning and the representation of human wayfinding behaviour within egress models." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2011. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/7660/.
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The focus of this thesis is on wayfinding within buildings from an evacuation/circulation modelling perspective. Majority of the existing evacuation models simplify the process of wayfinding by assigning the shortest path to all agents. This is not a realistic representation of the actual route choices made by people in circulation/evacuation conditions. Wayfinding is a dynamic process and cannot be modelled as a static process by assigning pre-determined routes to the agents. Wayfinding is thus a very important aspect to be modelled accurately within evacuation/circulation models to simulate more realistic human behaviour. The main goal of this thesis is to develop an agent based wayfinding model for the buildingEXODUS evacuation/circulation model. There were four major problems to be solved: spatial representation of the environment, implementation of graph search algorithms to generate choice set of routes for the agents to choose from, determination of factors that influence people‟s wayfinding behaviour and the development/integration of the agent based wayfinding model within the buildingEXODUS evacuation/circulation model. The existing spatial representation technique in buildingEXODUS was modified to best suit the requirement of the wayfinding model. Various graph search algorithms such as A*, Dijkstra and Yen‟s algorithm were studied. Alternate algorithms were developed to quickly generate routes and were compared with the performance of the Yen‟s algorithm. Two surveys were then developed and published on line. A total of 1200 participants from various countries took the survey. The survey results were statistically analysed and was utilised to model the decision making behaviour of the agents in the wayfinding model. An agent based wayfinding model was then developed incorporating features such as: spatial representation in terms of a graph, application of route choice set generating algorithms, agents with their individual attributes using multi criteria decision analysis methods to choose routes and changing routes dynamically on encountering congestion or gaining new exit knowledge. This wayfinding model was then integrated within the buildingEXODUS model. The buildingEXODUS model passes spatial information and agent location to the wayfinding model at the start of the simulation. The wayfinding model applies the graph search algorithms to generate routes and assigns routes (a set of target locations) to the agents. The buildingEXODUS model generates events under certain circumstances: when agents reach a target location, encounter congestion or learn the location of a new exit. The wayfinding model listens to these events and assigns a new route to the agents if an alternate route is more favourable than the initially chosen one. Therefore, there is constant communication between the fine node buildingEXODUS and the coarse node wayfinding models, with the latter being responsible for assigning routes to the agents and the former being responsible for navigating the agents from one target location to the next. Thus, a sophisticated wayfinding model incorporating data from surveys has been developed using C++ and has been integrated into the buildingEXODUS evacuation model. The introduction of the wayfinding model brought about significant changes to the evacuation statistics produced by the buildingEXODUS model. The difference was more significant in buildings where there was more than one path to an exit. The default option of the existing evacuation models is to assign the shortest path to all the agents in the simulation whereas with the wayfinding model, agents choose alternative paths based on other wayfinding criteria as well such as time, number of turns, etc.
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Babalola, Olubi Oluyomi. "A model based framework for semantic interpretation of architectural construction drawings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47553.
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The study addresses the automated translation of architectural drawings from 2D Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) data into a Building Information Model (BIM), with emphasis on the nature, possible role, and limitations of a drafting language Knowledge Representation (KR) on the problem and process. The central idea is that CAD to BIM translation is a complex diagrammatic interpretation problem requiring a domain (drafting language) KR to render it tractable and that such a KR can take the form of an information model.
Formal notions of drawing-as-language have been advanced and studied quite extensively for close to 25 years. The analogy implicitly encourages comparison between problem structures in both domains, revealing important similarities and offering guidance from the more mature field of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The primary insight we derive from NLU involves the central role that a formal language description plays in guiding the process of interpretation (inferential reasoning), and the notable absence of a comparable specification for architectural drafting.
We adopt a modified version of Engelhard's approach which expresses drawing structure in terms of a symbol set, a set of relationships, and a set of compositional frameworks in which they are composed. We further define an approach for establishing the features of this KR, drawing upon related work on conceptual frameworks for diagrammatic reasoning systems. We augment this with observation of human subjects performing a number of drafting interpretation exercises and derive some understanding of its inferential nature therefrom. We consider this indicative of the potential range of inferential processes a computational drafting model should ideally support.
The KR is implemented as an information model using the EXPRESS language because it is in the public domain and is the implementation language of the target Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. We draw extensively from the IFC library to demonstrate that it can be applied in this manner, and apply the MVD methodology in defining the scope and interface of the DOM and IFC. This simplifies the IFC translation process significantly and minimizes the need for mapping.
We conclude on the basis of selective implementations that a model reflecting the principles and features we define can indeed provide needed and otherwise unavailable support in drafting interpretation and other problems involving reasoning with this class of diagrammatic representations.
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Nseir, Hussam. "Immersive Representation of Building Information Model." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9074.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology that utilizes 3D graphical representations to improve communication, collaboration, and data exchange. Immersive Visualization Environment (IVE) is another promising technology that enhances the 3D graphical representation to achieve a higher level of a sense of presence. The connection between the BIM technology that utilizes the 3D graphical representation and the IVE technology that enhances the 3D graphical representation has led many professionals to visualize BIM in immersive environments. This study is an attempt to overcome a systematic issue presented by available immersive visualization systems. The problem is that in order to visualize an information-rich BIM model from a commercial BIM application in an immersive visualization environment, the BIM model needs to pass through a tough conversion process and loss a large amount of its information. This research study utilizes the Application Programming Interface (API) of a commercially available BIM application to develop an immersive visualization environment. This approach was applied on Autodesk Navisworks software by developing a software program that utilizes Navisworks' API to control Navisworks' camera angle and generate an immersive visualization environment. A prototype of the approach was built in the Department of Construction Science at Texas A & M University and named BIM CAVE Prototype.
The overall goal of this research was to prove that it is possible to transform a commercial BIM application into an immersive visualization system. A phenomenological study was utilized by interviewing subject matter experts from the construction industry. The intent of this effort was to explore and develop a phenomenological understanding of how research participants perceived the BIM CAVE system. The results show that the BIM CAVE can be considered an immersive visualization environment because it contains a majority of the immersive visualization environment features. However, a variety of technical limitations must be overcome before it can be called a fully immersive and functional visualization environment. Moreover, even though this investigation was to some extent successful, this research approach needs to be tested on other commercially available BIM applications before generalizations are made.
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Andrade, Pedro Ricardo Contradanças de. "Enterprise reference lexicon building from business models." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14256.
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Nowadays, a significant increase on the demand for interoperable systems for exchanging data in business collaborative environments has been noticed. Consequently, cooperation agreements between each of the involved enterprises have been brought to light. However, due to the fact that even in a same community or domain, there is a big variety of knowledge representation not semantically coincident, which embodies the existence of interoperability problems in the enterprises information systems that need to be addressed.
Moreover, in relation to this, most organizations face other problems about their information systems, as: 1) domain knowledge not being easily accessible by all the stakeholders (even intra-enterprise); 2) domain knowledge not being represented in a standard format; 3) and even if it is available in a standard format, it is not supported by semantic annotations or described using a common and understandable lexicon.
This dissertation proposes an approach for the establishment of an enterprise reference lexicon from business models. It addresses the automation in the information models mapping for the reference lexicon construction. It aggregates a formal and conceptual representation of the business domain, with a clear definition of the used lexicon to facilitate an overall understanding by all the involved stakeholders, including non-IT personnel.
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Chao, An-Yi, and 趙諳儀. "Building and Identifying the Competencies Model of Sales Representatives – Taking an IC Design House for Example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81950909864819012451.
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碩士國立中央大學
人力資源管理研究所
96
Competency-based management is a kind of managerial concepts based on and developed by employees’ competencies. The main purpose of competency-based management is to identify the necessary knowledge, abilities and behaviors leading to outstanding performance (Spencer & Spencer, 1993), and thus to help organizations plan for comprehensive development and application in human resource management. In the brain-intensive high-tech industry, one of the keys to an enterprise’s success is to own talents. An IC design house, the case company in this study, decided to introduce a competency model for managing talents much more effectively to improve manpower quality. This study built a professional competency model and developed critical behavior items for sales representatives in the case company. First, this study conducted behavioral event interviews and a competency items questionnaire survey with outstanding sales representatives, top management and middle sales managers to collect the sales competency items and behavioral events. Next, according to the senior and outstanding sales representatives’ suggestions, literature, the competency dictionary, and external experts’ suggestions, the critical behavior items of the sales professional competency model were developed. Focus-group interviews were used to identify the competency model and correct inappropriate critical behavioral indexes based on the suggestions from top management, middle managers and outstanding sales representatives. An ‘Agreement Test’ was arranged to acquire entire sales representatives’ recognition of sales professional competencies. After the competency model was identified, competency handbooks were published for providing sales representatives a behavioral guide when they execute their tasks. Finally, this study employed the Mann-Whitney U test in Non-parametric Statistics to examine the effectiveness of the model. Sale representatives’ sales achievement rates in previous two years were taken as the dependent variables, while their performance in each competency dimension was taken the independent variables. The competency model was further examined to ensure that it can really distinguish between sales representatives with high performance and those with low performance so that it will be beneficial for sales representatives’ cultivation and development.
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Iglesias, Daniel Gastón. "Design and implementation of 3D buildings integration for a Webgl-Based Virtual Globe: a case study of Valencian Cadastre and Fide Building Mode." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8327.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Since nowadays Web applications are increasingly providing plenty of creative and interesting services relying on new standards and more powerful computers, it becomes important to create similar applications, to process and visualize geographic data taking advantage of such groundings. In this context, it results interesting to develop new Web-based geo-processing based on a 3D data representation, exploiting the recent WebGL graphic specification from a client-side point of view. This research explains the novel way in which whole Valencian cadastre was analyzed, processed and finally represented into a WebGL-based virtual globe. These improvements provide end-users firstly, an optimization of computer graphics performance, by natively accessing to graphics instructions; and secondly a functional data management and representation for the present and forthcoming geo-processing Web-based platform.
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(10647542), Mahdi Afkhamiaghda. "DEVELOPING A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CREATING POST DISASTER TEMPORARY HOUSING." Thesis, 2021.
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Post-disaster temporary housing has been a significant challenge for the emergency management group and industries for many years. According to reports by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), housing in states and territories is ranked as the second to last proficient in 32 core capabilities for preparedness.The number of temporary housing required in a geographic area is influenced by a variety of factors, including social issues, financial concerns, labor workforce availability, and climate conditions. Acknowledging and creating a balance between these interconnected needs is considered as one of the main challenges that need to be addressed. Post-disaster temporary housing is a multi-objective process, thus reaching the optimized model relies on how different elements and objectives interact, sometimes even conflicting, with each other. This makes decision making in post-disaster construction more restricted and challenging, which has caused ineffective management in post-disaster housing reconstruction.
Few researches have studied the use of Artificial Intelligence modeling to reduce the time and cost of post-disaster sheltering. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge gap regarding the selection and the magnitude of effect of different factors of the most optimized type of Temporary Housing Units (THU) in a post-disaster event.
The proposed framework in this research uses supervised machine learing to maximize certain design aspects of and minimize some of the difficulties to better support creating temporary houses in post-disaster situations. The outcome in this study is the classification type of the THU, more particularly, classifying THUs based on whether they are built on-site or off-site. In order to collect primary data for creating the model and evaluating the magnitude of effect for each factor in the process, a set of surveys were distributed between the key players and policymakers who play a role in providing temporary housing to people affected by natural disasters in the United States. The outcome of this framework benefits from tacit knowledge of the experts in the field to show the challenges and issues in the subject. The result of this study is a data-based multi-objective decision-making tool for selecting the THU type. Using this tool, policymakers who are in charge of selecting and allocating post-disaster accommodations can select the THU type most responsive to the local needs and characteristics of the affected people in each natural disaster.Books on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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Building a science of economics for the real world: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, July 20, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
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SGR: data, measures, and models: Building a future Medicare physician payment system : hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, February 14, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.
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Attebery, Brian. Fantasy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856234.001.0001.
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Abstract One of the dominant modes of storytelling in the twenty-first century, fantasy can mirror contemporary experiences and convey our anxieties and longings better than any representation of the merely real. It is the lie that speaks truth. This book addresses two central questions about fantastic storytelling: first, how can it be meaningful if it doesn’t claim to represent things as they are, and second, what kind of change can it make in the world? How can a form of storytelling that alters physical laws and denies facts about the past be at the same time a source of insight into human nature and the workings of the world? What kind of social, political, cultural, intellectual work does fantasy perform in the world—the world of the reader, that is, not that of the characters? Focusing on various aspects of fantastic world-building and story creation in classic and contemporary fantasy, from the use of symbolic structures to the way new stories incorporate bits of significance from earlier texts, the book as a whole shows how fantasy allows writers to test new modes of understanding and interaction and thus to rethink political institutions, social practices, and models of reality.
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Gansell, Amy, and Ann Shafer, eds. Testing the Canon of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673161.001.0001.
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This volume addresses and problematizes the formation and transformation of the ancient Near Eastern art historical and archaeological canon. The “canon” is defined as an established list of objects, monuments, buildings, and sites that are considered to be most representative of the ancient Near East. In “testing” this canon, this project takes stock of the current canon, its origins, endurance, and prospects. Boundaries and typologies are examined, technologies of canon production are investigated, and heritage perspectives on contemporary culture offer a key to the future. Ultimately, this enterprise seeks to provide a framework for a re-conceptualization of ancient Near Eastern history and culture that is meaningful to a broad audience today. This book offers a vital benchmark and a collective path forward for the study and appreciation of Near Eastern cultural heritage, and it aims to provide a model for similar inquiries across art historical and archaeological fields.
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André, Elisabeth. Natural Language in Multimodal and Multimedia Systems. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0036.
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Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the development of multimedia applications. Improving technology and tools enable the creation of large multimedia archives and the development of completely new styles of interaction. This article provides a survey of multimedia applications in which natural language plays a significant role. Conventional multimodal systems usually do not maintain explicit representations of the user's input and handle mode integration only in elementary manner. This article shows how the generalization of techniques and representation formalisms developed for the analysis of natural language can help to overcome some of these problems. It surveys techniques for building automated multimedia presentation systems drawing upon lessons learned during the development of natural language generators. Finally, it argues that the integration of natural language technology can lead to a qualitative improvement of existing methods for document classification and analysis.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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Shaver, Stephen R. Metaphors of Eucharistic Presence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197580806.001.0001.
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One of the most challenging questions for Christian ecumenical theology is how the relationship between the eucharistic bread and wine and Jesus Christ’s body and blood can be appropriately described. This book takes a new approach to controverted questions of eucharistic presence by drawing on cognitive linguistics. Arguing that human cognition is grounded in sensorimotor experience and that phenomena such as metaphor and conceptual blending are basic building blocks of thought, the book proposes that inherited models of eucharistic presence are not necessarily mutually exclusive but can serve as complementary members of a shared ecumenical repertoire. The central element of this repertoire is the motif of identity, grounded in the Synoptic and Pauline institution narratives. The book argues that the statement “The eucharistic bread and wine are the body and blood of Christ” can be understood both as figurative and as true in the proper sense, thus resolving a church-dividing dichotomy. The identity motif is complemented by four major non-scriptural motifs: representation, change, containment, and conduit. Each motif with its entailments is explored in depth, and suggestions for ecumenical reconciliation in both doctrine and practices are offered. The book also provides an introduction to cognitive linguistics and offers suggestions for further reading in that field.
Book chapters on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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Ferrari, Simone, and Valentina Zanotto. "Defining Representative Building Energy Models." In Building Energy Performance Assessment in Southern Europe, 61–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24136-4_5.
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Krishnamurti, Ramesh, Varvara Toulkeridou, and Tajin Biswas. "Communicating Semantics through Model Restructuring and Representation." In Building Information Modeling, 225–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174752.ch17.
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Bolognesi, Cecilia Maria, Eva-Lotta Kurkinen, and Per Andersson. "Digital Tools for Fast Mapping of Buildings." In Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_4.
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AbstractWhile the construction sector embraces digitalization, new technologies related to it are spreading benefits. The need of creating a 3D model of a building, a digital copy of something existing, is not new. Mediated by the advent of photographic and laser instrumentation, the construction of a digital model has crossed the fields of surveying with increasing accuracy and precision, imposing standards of capturing the existing first and modelling then ever higher. But while the Building Information Modelling allows a virtual representation of the existing asset enriching its geometry with precious and significant information related to its properties, advanced survey has always faced the impossibility to break the surface of the building, surveying what is inside walls, thus excluding what necessary should be contained within a BIM model. Also, BIM models do not consider the real-time component and do not report the real-time behaviour of the building. In this chapter we will investigate several technologies and instruments exploited till now for the surveying and positioning of existing buildings, plants included, and a new toolkit based on AR that, coupled with sensors and visualisation tools developed by BIM4EEB, offers many advantages when surveying the whole building.
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Gros, Patrick. "Using quasi-invariants for automatic model building and object recognition: An overview." In Object Representation in Computer Vision, 65–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60477-4_4.
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Horsch, Martin Thomas, Silvia Chiacchiera, Welchy Leite Cavalcanti, and Björn Schembera. "Research Data Infrastructures and Engineering Metadata." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 13–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68597-3_2.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces metadata models as a semantic technology for knowledge representation to describe selected aspects of a research asset. The process of building a hierarchical metadata model is reenacted in this chapter and highlighted by the example of EngMeta. Moreover, an overview on data infrastructures is given, the general architecture and functions are disscussed, and multiple examples of data infrastructures in materials modelling are given.
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Neto, Joaquim, A. J. Morais, Ramiro Gonçalves, and António Leça Coelho. "Geometric and Physical Building Representation and Occupant’s Movement Models for Fire Building Evacuation Simulation." In Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 761–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1610-6_67.
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Tsutsui, Shigeyoshi. "Probabilistic Model-Building Genetic Algorithms in Permutation Representation Domain Using Edge Histogram." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN VII, 224–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45712-7_22.
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Lallé, Sébastien, Vanda Luengo, and Nathalie Guin. "Assistance in Building Student Models Using Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 754–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_105.
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Khemaja, Maha, and Félix Buendia. "Building Context-Aware Gamified Apps by Using Ontologies as Unified Representation and Reasoning-Based Models." In Serious Games and Edutainment Applications, 675–702. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51645-5_29.
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Zimmerman, Guy, Julie Barnes, and Laura Leventhal. "Building User-Controlled 3D Models and Animations for Inherently-3D Construction Tasks: Which Tool, Which Representation?" In Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, 193–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45348-2_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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Kümpel, Alexander, Florian Stinner, Bastian Gauch, Marc Baranski, and Dirk Müller. "A Representative Simulation Model for Benchmarking Building Control Strategies." In 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2019/0033.
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Caruso, Claudia, Rita Bento, and José Miguel Castro. "Seismic risk assessment of an old RC frame-wall building in Lisbon." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1480.
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<p>This study investigates the structural vulnerability of an old reinforced concrete dual wall-frame building structure, in Lisbon, Portugal. The building presents non-ductile behaviour and detailing typical of buildings designed before the introduction of modern seismic codes (pre– 1980). An analytical methodology is adopted in which multiple stripe analysis are performed on a three- dimensional model of the building. Fragility and vulnerability functions are developed for this structure, representative of a typology of old RC buildings. The fragility is derived taking into account the brittle shear failures of RC vertical members, i.e. columns and shear walls. The nonlinear dynamic analyses clearly indicate that these failure modes have a critical influence on the seismic performance of the structure. The results of this study can be used for seismic loss assessment and for the identification of appropriate mitigation strategies for this typology of existing RC buildings.</p>
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Lagkaditi, Lydia, Ashok Srivastava, and Anuj Gupta. "Geology-Based Reservoir Model Building for Carbonate Reservoirs." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11328.
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Environment in which carbonate reservoir rocks are deposited was studied by visiting and collecting rock samples from a carbonate reservoir analog located at Jabal Fuwairit in the Northeastern coast of Qatar. The primary objective of this study is to develop methods to characterize carbonate reservoirs. The experimental procedure included collecting samples based on geology, mapping the location and altitudes of the samples using a high-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) with an altimeter, permeability measurements at selected locations, conducting petrophysical measurements on the samples, Conventional and Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography Scanning (CT Scanning), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging. It is observed that the permeability measurements show an alternating pattern as a function of height above sea level. The cyclicity is probably representative of repeating sequences of sea level changes over geological time. CT Scanner and Micro-CT Scanner measurements were employed to obtain vital information about the flow pathways in the rock, thus assisting in calculating the porosity to compare with values measured in the lab. SEM results gave direct visualization of the pore network and information about grain size (500 microns) and intergranular porosity, mineralogy, compared with the EDS results, and lithotype. EDS results showed that reservoir rocks directly exposed to environment had significant alteration due to weathering. However, it is encouraging to learn that samples even few inches away from the surface had minimal environmental influence.
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Turner, A., H. P. Morvan, and K. Simmons. "Two Phase CFD Modelling of a Spiral Bevel Gear Using Particle Injections and a Wall Film Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94735.
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The capability to model an aeroengine internal gearbox in its entirety using CFD is currently hampered by the complexity of the two-phase, highly rotating system and the computational resource required. The University of Nottingham’s Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems has developed a representation of a shrouded gear based around a cone geometry with momentum sources driving the flow that works well for single phase flow. The next phase of the study is to investigate the capability and limitations of this momentum source model for two phase flow and a significant step towards this is reported here. In this paper a geometrically representative shrouded gear model is generated and oil droplets are released at key inlet locations. The impact locations of these droplets are mapped to generate data for comparison with the momentum source model. A thin film model is applied such that film build up can be investigated. Droplets entering the shroud at inlet impact towards the lower part of the shroud whereas those introduced at a location representing an into-mesh jet impact more evenly along the shroud. The film model is computationally expensive: computations show film building up towards the top of the shroud but attaining steady state has not been possible. Droplets are released and tracked within the momentum source CFD model. Droplets do not impact the shroud at comparable locations to the representative geometry cases showing that the momentum source representation cannot be used to examine in detail oil behaviour under the shroud. Overall bulk flows cannot yet be compared and further necessary work is identified.
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Ka¨hko¨nen, Jukka, and Pentti Varpasuo. "Floor Response Spectra of Loviisa NPP Reactor Buildings." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29174.
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For the updated seismic probabilistic risk assessment of the Loviisa nuclear power plant in Finland, knowledge of reactor building floor response spectra were needed. For this purpose a large finite element (FE) model of the reactor building was constructed. The model included all the major primary circuit components. The FE -model was parameterized and the Latin hypercube method was utilized to construct sixty samples of reactor building. Parameters used were material properties for concrete and steel, modal damping and the ground motion. The ground motions were derived from the seismic studies conducted for the Loviisa site. Following results were achieved in this analysis: The probabilistic spectra were determined for different elevations in the reactor building as well as for the representative locations in the main mechanical components that were explicitly modeled.
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Krarti, Moncef. "Roof Cover Impact on Cooling Energy Use of Office Buildings." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6612.
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This paper analyzes the impact of roof covers on office building energy use for representative US climate zones. In particular, the study presented in the paper investigates the potential annual cooling energy use savings that roof covers could provide using whole-building simulation analysis to evaluate the performance of a 2-story office building in five US locations. Three parameters of the roof covers including their size, height, and transmittance, are considered in the analysis. The simulation results indicate that while roof covers had similar affects on buildings in all climate zones, their impact in reducing cooling energy usage is different and is more pronounced in cooler climates. Specifically, roof covers could potentially achieve cooling energy savings of up to: 25% in Houston, 33% in Atlanta, 31% in Nashville, 38% in Chicago, and 41% in Madison. Based on the detailed simulation analysis results, a simplified calculation model is developed to help the estimation of cooling energy savings as a function of the roof cover size, height, and transmittance.
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Guarino, M. V., A. Martilli, S. Di Sabatino, and L. S. Leo. "Modelling the Urban Boundary-Layer Over a Typical Mediterranean City Using WRF: Assessment of UHI and Thermal Comfort." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21572.
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The aim of this work is to simulate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in a medium size Mediterranean city (Lecce, IT) and to analyze its consequences for thermal comfort. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.2), that accounts for the urban structure with a multilayer urban parameterization (BEP+BEM i.e. the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) combined with the Building Energy Model (BEM)). Three hot and cloudless summer days have been simulated and results have been compared with field data collected during an experimental campaign performed over the whole summer in the city of Lecce, Italy. In the model, the structure and shape of the city are reproduced using detailed data related to different urban classes, urban fraction and building morphometry. For the residential urban classes, different thermal parameters that are representative of building materials in the oldest and the newer part of the city, are used. Results show that UHI reaches, on average, its maximum intensity (4–5 °C) just before sunrise, and its minimum (2 °C) occurs during the day. Model validation inferred through statistical analysis shows overall a better model performance for the historical city centre than for the suburban area. This suggests that further refinement of the building representation in the outskirts might still be required. Consequences of the increased urban temperature are evaluated in terms of thermal comfort. The maximum thermal stress occurs during the central hours of the day, while, the minimum thermal stress occurs during the twilight hours.
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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney, and Brian P. Dougherty. "Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-140.
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Abstract A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.
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Adams, Richard J., Manuel R. Moreyra, and Blake Hannaford. "Excalibur, a Three-Axis Force Display." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0038.
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Abstract In haptic simulation, a force feedback device is combined with a digital representation of a virtual world to create a kinesthetically immersive experience. The force feedback device, or haptic display, is usually a robotic manipulator with which a human operator interacts physically through a handle, stylus, finger-pad or some other form of customized interface. Modeling of the haptic display is often overlooked when building a haptic simulation. Understanding the dynamic behavior of the device is critical in assessing the stability and performance of the overall system as well as in the construction of the digital simulation. This paper describes some of the special modeling requirements for haptic displays. A dynamic model for Excalibur, a new three axis force display, is developed in a two step process. First an analytical model is constructed based on measured values and basic principals. Then the model is tuned using the results of vibrational testing to achieve a close match between the modal behavior of the theoretical and real systems. Numerical and experimental results are presented for representative points in the device’s workspace.
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Suanno, Rodolfo L. M., Carlos L. M. Prates, Maria Ineˆs L. Prates de Lima, and Tarci´sio F. Cardoso. "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Reactor Coolant Loop Coupled With Reactor Building." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93316.
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The steam generator (SG) snubber elimination process in a nuclear power plant requires a new evaluation of the structural behavior of the complete primary system components for licensing purposes. The forces and stresses have to be evaluated in all supports, piping, nozzles and internals of all components of the reactor coolant loop (RCL) for the required load cases, including dead weight, thermal conditions, seismic excitations and postulated piping ruptures. The SG snubber elimination intends to obtain a safer operating condition, avoiding problems with snubber maintenance, inspection and mal-function. The paper describes the methodology adopted for this type of analysis, where a very detailed modeling procedure is required, both for the primary loop itself, where nonlinearities are introduced to represent the supporting devices, as well as for the coupling with the reactor building structure. The piping and the components (Reactor vessel, SG and pumps) are modeled in order to represent their weight distribution, stiffness and supporting conditions in detail. The reactor building complete 3D-finite element model is reduced to a corresponding representative simple beam model in order to make the nonlinear dynamic analysis feasible. The seismic response spectra from both building models were compared at supporting points of the primary circuit in order to guarantee that the simple beam model represents the behavior of the refined building model in a correct way. The dynamic analysis is performed with seismic acceleration time histories applied at the foundation of the reactor building model and a direct integration method is used. The Rayleigh damping values as well as the effects in the results of refining the integration time steps are discussed. The impact forces due to postulated pipe ruptures are also evaluated as impact loads. The results of these analyses are displacements, accelerations and forces in all structural elements and their supports, as well as time histories and response spectra for the stress analysis of the component internal structures.
Reports on the topic "Representative Building Model"
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Vance, Samuel, Thomas Carlson, Juan Davila-Perez, and Dominique Gilbert. Deconstruction feasibility assessment of warehouse district facilities at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43120.
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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) and Fort Leonard Wood, MO, are in the sixth year of efforts to plan and implement a program in support of installation sustainability. As part of this effort, ERDC-CERL personnel supported the Fort Leonard Wood Directorate of Public Works (DPW) by conducting a deconstruction assessment of multiple buildings in the warehouse district. The project delivery team visited Fort Leonard Wood in April 2017 to conduct quantity take-offs of the buildings. An abbreviated interim report that focused exclusively on Bldgs. 2338 and 2339 was provided to the Chief, Master Planning Branch, at that time. These two buildings were representative of the majority of the buildings in the assessment and thus became the model that we describe in detail in the sections below. Differences between the other warehouses and the model are discussed. Several buildings that had configurations different from that of the model were evaluated independently.
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Trapani, Paola. Collaborative Housing as a Response to the Housing Crisis in Auckland. Unitec ePress, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.0821.
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According to future projections based on current demographic growth trends, Auckland’s population will reach two million in 2033. Since the city is already afflicted by a serious housing crisis, at the beginning of 2017 the newly elected Mayor Phil Goff set up a task force. Formed by representatives of various stakeholders, it was given the task of producing a report with strategic and tactical guidelines to mitigate the situation. Unitec researchers were invited to respond to the report, which came out at the end of 2017, in the form of three think pieces towards the Building Better Homes, Towns and Cities National Science Challenge. This paper is a new iteration of one of these think pieces, focused on collaborative living, and expands on the new role that designers should play in this field. Its ideological position is that the house cannot and should not be considered as a commodity on the free market; nor should focus solely be on bringing down prices by increasing the number of houses on offer. Over time, housing might evolve to being more about social (use) value than exchange value. Other models of the production and consumption of household goods are documented throughout the world as alternatives to mainstream market logic, using collective procurement mechanisms to cut construction and marketing costs with savings of up to 30%. These experiments, not limited to achieving financially sustainable outcomes, are linked to new social practices of collaboration between neighbours. The sharing of spaces and equipment to complement private housing units also leads to social and environmental sustainability.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
Full textAbstract:
Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.