Journal articles: 'Representational gaps'

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WEINGART, LAURIE R., GERGANA TODOROVA, and MATTHEW A. CRONIN. "REPRESENTATIONAL GAPS, TEAM INTEGRATION AND TEAM CREATIVITY." Academy of Management Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (August 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2008.33662047.

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Gilens, Martin. "Preference Gaps and Inequality in Representation." PS: Political Science & Politics 42, no. 02 (April 2009): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096509090441.

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In a recent article inPS, Soroka and Wlezien (2008) argue that the policy preferences of low- and high-income Americans rarely differ, and therefore that “regardless of whose preferences policymakers follow … policy will end up in essentially the same place” (325). In this article, I analyze a much larger and more diverse set of policies than those examined by Soroka and Wlezien and show that income-based preference gaps are much larger and more widespread than their data suggest. In terms of federal government policy, the affluent are far better represented than the poor; the findings in this paper indicate that this representational inequality has substantial repercussions across a wide range of policy issues.

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Wang, Shirley Chaoyi, and Elizabeth A. Mannix. "The Influence of Representational Gaps on Team Processes and Performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 11502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11502abstract.

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MacDonald, Adriane, Stephen Dann, and Margaret M. Luciano. "Bridging Representational Gaps: The Role of Tension and Multimodal Tools." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.11006abstract.

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Cronin, Matthew A., and Laurie R. Weingart. "Representational gaps, information processing, and conflict in functionally diverse teams." Academy of Management Review 32, no. 3 (July 2007): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275511.

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Costa, Tadeu Lessa da, Denize Cristina de Oliveira, Gláucia Alexandre Formozo, and Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes. "Persons living with AIDS in nurses' social representations: analysis of central, contranormative and attitudinal elements." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 6 (December 2012): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000600011.

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OBJECTIVES: to describe and analyze the centrality, the mute zone and the attitudes expressed in nurses' social representations of people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. METHOD: the subjects were 30 nurses from a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data was collected using a Likert scale. RESULTS: the data pointed to a process of representational change regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, with the assumption of a more positive attitude regarding living with this health issue. The hypothesis of the existence of a mute zone in the representation, comprising elements with a contranormative character, was strengthened. CONCLUSION: the influence of the dynamics of social normativity on how the social representations studied are expressed may contribute to a better understanding of its structuring process. It also helps in the analysis of possible gaps among the nurses' discourses and practices in relation to Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

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Cronin, Matthew A., and Laurie R. Weingart. "Conflict across representational gaps: Threats to and opportunities for improved communication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 16 (April 15, 2019): 7642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805866116.

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Often, the senders and receivers of scientific communication have different knowledge bases. While such communication is essential for solving the complex social and technological problems that affect multiple stakeholders, a diversity of knowledge among communicators can create representational gaps (rGaps). rGaps occur when senders make assumptions that receivers do not, creating conflict over the meaning and value of the information communicated. Such conflict could, if managed, promote learning and innovation as communicators reconcile their assumptions. More often, however, rGaps cause conflict to transform from a debate that informs to an argument that divides. Managing rGap conflict so that it does not degrade communication requires relationship building to mitigate the negative by-products of persistent conflict while maintaining appropriate levels of cognitive distinctiveness among diverse stakeholders. Thus, we provide a framework for identifying and leveraging rGaps through managed conflict so that communication between those with different perspectives builds rather than burns bridges.

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Seus, Fanny, Marion A. Weissenberger Eibl, and Rubina Zern Breuer. "Considering representational gaps - how subsidiaries' relationship affects multi-location project management." International Journal of Project Organisation and Management 12, no. 4 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpom.2020.10033026.

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Seus, Fanny, Marion A. Weissenberger Eibl, and Rubina Zern Breuer. "Considering representational gaps - how subsidiaries' relationship affects multi-location project management." International Journal of Project Organisation and Management 12, no. 4 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpom.2020.111068.

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Oswald, Austin. "Critical Age-Friendly Research and Representational Ethics." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1538.

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Abstract As the efforts of the Global Age-friendly Cities and Communities movement mature and continue to grapple with society’s shifting dynamics, blind spots and knowledge gaps are exposed. This research applies critical discourse analysis to examine the evolution of Age-friendly NYC using an intersectional lens committed to an ethics of representation. Over 1,000 pages of public records were analyzed to trace the history of this movement in relation to age, race, sexuality, gender, ability, and class. Findings suggest that Age-friendly NYC is a global leader of the age-friendly movement, yet social identities are represented neither equally nor universally in its initiatives. Discussions of race, sexuality, and gender are subtle. They also overlook how these identities may intersect and shape the aging experience for differently positioned older adults. A comprehensive understanding of the aging experiences of those with multiple intersecting identities is needed to inform future age-friendly policies and programs.

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Chung, Kue-Hyung. "A Study on Revaluation of copy theory in Representational Gaps Extinction of CGI." Cartoon and Animation Studies 29 (December 31, 2012): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2012.29.103.

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Cronan, Daniel, E. Jamie Trammell, and Andrew (Anaru) Kliskey. "Images to Evoke Decision-Making: Building Compelling Representations for Stakeholder-Driven Futures." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052980.

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Contemporary landscape planning challenges require an increasingly diverse ensemble of voices, including regional stakeholders, physical scientists, social scientists, and technical experts, to provide insight into a landscape’s past trends, current uses, and desired future. To impactfully integrate these disparate components, stakeholder-driven research must include clear lines of communication, share data transparently, and slowly develop trust. Alternative future scenario representations aim to generate conversations through discourse, evoke scenario-based stakeholder input, and ensure stakeholder-based revisions to research models. The current literature lacks a metric for gauging effectiveness and a framework for optimal evaluation for future scenario representations. We have developed and applied a metric for a ranked set of compelling scenario representations using stakeholder input from an active research project. Researchers surveyed stakeholders through a case study in Idaho’s Magic Valley to gauge the effectiveness of each representational approach. To improve future stakeholder-driven geodesign projects and gaps in the research literature, this project provides a ranking of graphic strategies based on the stakeholder survey. Additionally, we provide examples and evaluate graphic representation strategies that can stimulate meaningful conversations, create common understandings, and translate research processes and findings to a variety of audiences. The results of this study intend to provide landscape architects, landscape planners, and geodesign specialists with a framework for evaluating compelling future scenario representations for a stakeholder group.

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Firth, Brady M., John R. Hollenbeck, Jonathan E. Miles, Daniel R. Ilgen, and Christopher M. Barnes. "Same Page, Different Books: Extending Representational Gaps Theory to Enhance Performance in Multiteam Systems." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 3 (June 2015): 813–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.0216.

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Bouzdine-Chameeva, Tatiana, Julien Cusin, Olivier Herrbach, and Vincent Maymo. "Entrepreneurs are from Mars, bankers from Venus: Representational gaps between struggling entrepreneurs and loan officers." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat Pub. anticipées (November 23, 2022): Il—XXIXl. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.pr.0050.

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Kaltenbrunner, Wolfgang, and Sarah de Rijcke. "Filling in the gaps: The interpretation ofcurricula vitaein peer review." Social Studies of Science 49, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 863–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312719864164.

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In this article, we study the use of curricula vitae (CV) for competitive funding decisions in science. The typically sober administrative style of academic résumés evokes the impression of straightforwardly conveyed, objective evidence on which to base comparisons of past achievements and future potentials. We instead conceptualize the evaluation of biographical evidence as a generative interplay between an historically grown, administrative infrastructure (the CV), and a situated evaluative practice in which the representational function of that infrastructure is itself interpreted and established. The use of CVs in peer review can be seen as a doubly comparative practice, where referees compare not only applicants (among each other or to an imagined ideal of excellence), but also their own experience-based understanding of practice and the conceptual assumptions that underpin CV categories. Empirically, we add to existing literature on peer review by drawing attention to self-correcting mechanisms in the reproduction of the scientific workforce. Conceptually, we distinguish three modalities of how the doubly comparative use of CVs can shape the assessment of applicants: calibration, branching out, and repair. The outcome of this reflexive work should not be seen as predetermined by situational pressures. In fact, bibliographic categories such as authorship of publications or performance metrics may themselves come to be problematized and reshaped in the process.

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Jenne, Erin K. "Populism, nationalism and revisionist foreign policy." International Affairs 97, no. 2 (March 2021): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa230.

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Abstract Over the past decade, we have seen the rise of populist nationalist heads of state across a number of important electoral democracies—all of whom have made some version of the promise to make their countries ‘great again’. However, scholars are divided over whether these leaders' sometimes bombastic rhetoric has consistent or predictable effects on state foreign policy. This article introduces a framework for mapping the effects of populism and nationalism in foreign policy. In doing so, it draws on Essex School discourse analysis and sociological frame analysis to argue that representational crises at the sub-state level increase the popular resonance of ‘sovereigntist frames’ that diagnose the causes of perceived gaps in representation of the ‘authentic’ sovereign community at the international level and enjoin chief executives to resolve these gaps through revisionist foreign policy practices. The ethno-nationalist master frame prescribes policies and practices of lateral revisionism (conflict with neighbours or rival states), the populist frame prescribes systemic revisionism (conflict with allies and the international ‘establishment’), while the ethno-populist frame prescribes omni-revisionism (conflict with both). The article illustrates the effects of these disparate sovereigntist movements across three paired case-studies drawn from Europe, Latin America and the United States. It concludes that nationalism has greater destructive effects for the international system when combined with populism, demonstrating the importance of distinguishing nationalism and populism conceptually in order to isolate their separate and combined effects on foreign policy.

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McGregor, Karla K., Robyn M. Newman, Renée M. Reilly, and Nina C. Capone. "Semantic Representation and Naming in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 5 (October 2002): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/081).

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When 16 children with SLI (mean age=6;2) and 16 normally developing age-mates named age-appropriate objects, the SLI cohort made more naming errors. For both cohorts, semantic misnaming and indeterminate responses were the predominant error types. The contribution of limited semantic representation to these naming errors was explored. Each participant drew and defined each item from his or her semantic and indeterminate error pools and each item from his or her correctly named pool. When compared, the drawings and definitions of items from the error pools were poorer, suggesting limited semantic knowledge. The profiles of information included in definitions of items from the correct pool and the error pools were highly similar, suggesting that representations associated with misnaming differed quantitatively, but not qualitatively, from those associated with correct naming. Eleven members of the SLI cohort also participated in a forced-choice recognition task. Performance was significantly lower on erroneous targets than on correctly named targets. When performance was compared across all three post-naming tasks (drawing, defining, recognition), the participants evinced sparse semantic knowledge for roughly half of all semantic misnaming and roughly one third of all indeterminate responses. In additional cases, representational gaps were evident. This study demonstrates that the degree of knowledge represented in the child's semantic lexicon makes words more or less vulnerable to retrieval failure and that limited semantic knowledge contributes to the frequent naming errors of children with SLI.

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Zipfel, Frank. "Emotion, Darstellung, Fiktion. Literaturtheoretische Überlegungen zum Verhältnis zwischen Fiktionsparadox und Mimesisparadox." Journal of Literary Theory 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2018-0018.

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Abstract The discussions around the paradox of fiction that began 40 years ago have slowed down considerably during the last decade. The main reason for this decrease of interest can be seen in the fact that many theories have tried to show that the paradox can be solved or never existed. Nevertheless, there is hardly any major work on the theory of fiction that does not deal with the paradox in some way or other. Nowadays, however, the interest in the discussion has moved away from attempting to solve the paradox. Contemporary theory of fiction is rather interested in the question whether and how the long-lasting and extensive discussions around the paradox have led to a better understanding of the nature and variety of our emotional responses to fiction. This paper, however, sets out to investigate the discussions around the paradox from a different perspective. It undertakes to identify the blind spots in the discussions around the paradox, i. e. it aims at examining which aspects of our emotional response to fictional works did not come into view and, thus, have been neglected by the way in which the paradox has usually been dealt with. One of the most popular strategies for dealing with the paradox consists in comparing our emotional response towards fictional works with our emotional response towards objects that are before our eyes (or that we experience via other senses) and towards events that are actually going on around us. This strategy has led to unsatisfactory results because it highlights the representational content of art works and neglects the particular ways in which this content is depicted. It thereby fails to take into account one of the most crucial aspects of fictional works, i. e. the fact that they are representations. Few theorists have questioned this popular strategy. Among them are R. Moran, who claims that emotional reactions to objects in the actual here and now should not be considered as the paradigms of our emotional involvements when we deal with fictional texts, P. Goldie, who maintains that most of our emotional reactions regard non-actual states of affairs, and D. Matravers who distinguishes between emotional reactions in confrontation situations and those towards representations. And these doubts about the way the paradox is dealt with have hardly had any impact on the discussion. It can be shown, however, that due to the fundamental differences between emotional reactions regarding objects we are confronted with and objects we learn about via representations, some of the answers given to the questions that have been treated in the discussion around the paradox implicitly dealt with the representational aspect of fictional works but not specifically with their fictionality. Moreover, by analysing the theories by R. Moran, P. Goldie and D. Matravers it is argued that widely neglected, but helpful questions can be raised if we compare the emotional response to fictional representations with the emotional response to factual representations instead of comparing it to our emotions in real life situations. Especially Matravers’ theory has several advantages: it respects the representational aspects of our emotional response to texts and other art works, it provides us with an account that is based on semiotic features of these art works and the way we process them, and it can be productively linked to other relevant concepts like R. Gerrig’s willing construction of disbelief or H. Rott’s doxastic voluntarism. Moreover, by comparing Matravers’ theory of emotional response to (fictional) representations with the corresponding theory in G. Currie’s early works it is possible to raise further arguments in favour of the thesis that an explicit exploration of the representational aspects of fictional works is of vital importance for a discriminating theory regarding our emotional response to fiction. However, Matravers’ theory is not entirely satisfactory because it postulates that there are no differences between emotional responses towards fictional representations and those towards factual ones. It is argued that taking into account the representational aspects of factual and fictional works might be a promising way to look for such differences. Investigations into our various emotional responses to fictional works would then be led against the backdrop of our responses to factual representations. Moreover, insight might be gained if we compare fictional representations not only to truthful factual representations but also to deceitful ones. Such an approach that looks beyond the problems that have been debated in the discussions around the paradox of fiction would be able to fill the gaps regarding our response to fictional artworks caused by these discussions. This would lead us to learn to distinguish between the kinds of emotional responses that are specific for representations in general and those that are specific for fictional representations. Moreover, it would enable our investigations into the emotional responses to fictional works to take into account two aspects that have also often been neglected in the discussions around the paradox of fiction: the differences between the various semiotic systems on which works of the differing artforms are based and the specific representational features that are linked to the fictionality of every specific work.

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Balzano, R., M. Guidi, D. Sepio, L. Martini, V. Puro, E. Girardi, and N. Orchi. "HIV/Aids and Mental Illness Dual Diagnosis: Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71101-0.

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Aims:A growing body of scientific literature emphasizes a strong linkage between HIV/Aids and serious mental illness. In the Italian context, specialized services for combined management of dual diagnosis are increasingly requested, and healthcare professionals (HPWs) have to face up the difficulty emerging by this new situation. To bridge these gaps, the present study aimed at studying the representations of dual diagnosis, analyzing HPWs’ experiences from their own perspectives, in order to understand their difficulty and create future good practices in healthcare services.Method:A quali-quantitative study was conducted with a multidisciplinary sample of professionals (N=91), drawn by HIV/Aids and Mental Health sites. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, data were collected from semi-structured interviews: HPWs were asked about their work experiences with HIV/Aids and Mental Illness. The interviews were fully audio-taped and verbatim transcribed. A computer-aided lexical correspondence analysis was conducted by a dedicated text-analysis software.Results:Data analysis showed out two main factorial dimensions: the first regarding the representation of the “Management of dual diagnosis within Health Services”, and the second one referring to the “categorization of HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity”. Furthermore, four different Representational Conceptions were highlighted, corresponding to as many different ways HPWs use to represent/depict the aims of Health Service in relation to HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity.Conclusion:This study reveals that socio-cultural meanings of dual diagnosis are not fixed; rather, they are ongoing co-constructed within the activities carried out by the HPWs involved in their specific health contexts in the exercise of their profession.

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PAYSON, JULIA A. "The Partisan Logic of City Mobilization: Evidence from State Lobbying Disclosures." American Political Science Review 114, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000118.

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Why do local governments sometimes hire lobbyists to represent them in other levels of government? I argue that such mobilization efforts depend in part on the policy congruence between localities and their elected delegates in the legislature. I provide evidence consistent with this theory by examining how municipal governments in the United States respond to partisan and ideological mismatches with their state legislators—a common representational challenge. Using almost a decade of original panel data on municipal lobbying in all 50 states, I employ difference-in-differences and a regression discontinuity design to demonstrate that cities are significantly more likely to hire lobbyists when their districts elect non-co-partisan state representatives. The results are broadly consistent with a model of intergovernmental mobilization in which local officials purchase advocacy to compensate for the preference gaps that sometimes emerge in multilevel government.

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Raycraft, Justin. "Islamic Discourses of Environmental Change on the Swahili Coast of Southern Tanzania." Human Organization 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.1.49.

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This paper addresses how Makonde Muslim villagers living on the Swahili coast of southern Tanzania conceptualize and discuss environmental change. Through narratives elicited during in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, I show that respondents associate various forms of environmental change—ecological, climatic, political, and socioeconomic—with God’s plan. Respondents had a sound grasp of the material workings of their lived realities and evoked religious causality to fill in the residual explanatory gaps and find meaning in events that were otherwise difficult to explain. Such narratives reveal both a culturally engrained belief system that colors people’s understandings of change and uncertainty and a discursive idiom for making sense of social suffering. On an applied note, I submit that social science approaches to studying environmental change must take into account political and economic contexts relative to local cosmologies, worldviews, and religious faiths, which may not disaggregate the environment into distinct representational categories.

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Roebroeks, Wil, and Marie Soressi. "Neandertals revised." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 23 (June 6, 2016): 6372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521269113.

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The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between ∼400,000 and 40,000 y ago. Starting from a source population deep in the Middle Pleistocene, the hundreds of thousands of years of relative separation between African and Eurasian groups led to the emergence of different phenotypes in Late Pleistocene Europe and Africa. Both recently obtained genetic evidence and archeological data show that the biological and cultural gaps between these populations were probably smaller than previously thought. These data, reviewed here, falsify inferences to the effect that, compared with their near-modern contemporaries in Africa, Neandertals were outliers in terms of behavioral complexity. It is only around 40,000 y ago, tens of thousands of years after anatomically modern humans first left Africa and thousands of years after documented interbreeding between modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans, that we see major changes in the archeological record, from western Eurasia to Southeast Asia, e.g., the emergence of representational imagery and the colonization of arctic areas and of greater Australia (Sahul).

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Sima, Claudia. "Communist heritage representation gaps and disputes." International Journal of Tourism Cities 3, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-03-2017-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore how different stakeholders represent communist and revolution heritage for tourism, with a case-study on Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. The research attempts to identify gaps and tensions between representation makers on communist heritage tourism. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a range of qualitative methods in order to explore communist heritage tourism representation from different perspectives: content analysis of secondary data in the form of government, industry and media destination promotional material; interviews with a range of representation producers (government, industry and media); focus groups with potential tourists; and content analysis of user generated content under the form of blogs by actual visitors to Bucharest. Findings Findings reveal that there are gaps between the “official” or government representations of communism and revolution heritage and “unofficial” or industry, media and tourists’ representations. The research confirms and builds on Light’s (2000a, b) views that communist heritage is perceived as “problematic” by government officials and that attempts have been made to reinterpret it in a different light. The process of representation is made difficult by recent trends such as the increase in popularity of communism heritage tourism in countries such as Germany or Hungary. The potential of communist and revolution heritage to generate tourism is increasingly being acknowledged. However, reconciliation with “an unwanted” past is made difficult because of the legacy of communism and the difficulties of transition, EU-integration, economic crisis or countless political and social crisis and challenges. The “official” and “unofficial” representations successfully coexist and form part of the communism and revolution heritage product. Research limitations/implications The research attempts to look at the representation of communism heritage from different angles, however, it does not exhaust the number of views and perspectives that exist on the topic. The research only records the British and Romanian perspectives on the topic. The topic is still in its infancy and more research is needed on communism heritage tourism and representation. Originality/value The research identifies and explores gaps, agreements and disagreements over the representation of communist and revolution heritage in Bucharest, Romania.

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Busco, Cristiano, Elena Giovannoni, Fabrizio Granà, and Maria Federica Izzo. "Making sustainability meaningful: aspirations, discourses and reporting practices." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 2218–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2017-2917.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the enabling role of accounting and reporting practices as discourses about sustainability unfold inside organizations. In particular, the authors investigate how managers attempt to connect the concept of “sustainability” to their specific experience, as they seek to make sustainability meaningful (i.e. filling it with unfolding meaning) through accounting and within particular discursive spaces. Design/methodology/approach The authors rely upon the case of LOGIC, a large international oil and gas company operating in more than 70 countries worldwide. The authors analyze the evolution of discourses concerning sustainability inside the company, as well as the changing accounting and reporting practices, with a particular focus on integrated reporting. Findings The authors show that accounting and reporting practices (such as integrated reporting within LOGIC) provide the conditions for “sustainability”—as a discursive concept—to become meaningful, while evolving themselves as they are attached to this concept. They do so by enabling individuals (the management team within LOGIC) to connect their diverse experiences and aspirations to the concept of sustainability. Rather than filling sustainability with stable meaning, the authors observed that individuals are attracted by the gaps left by accounting representations, leading to the development of new practices and unfolding meanings within specific discursive spaces. Originality/value Most of the literature on sustainability accounting and reporting practices concentrate on the need for these practices to mirror what companies do about sustainability. Differently, the authors add to the very few studies on “aspirational” reporting that have emphasized the enabling effects of the gap between what companies say and do about sustainability. The authors do so by demonstrating that accounting is “aspirational” not only because it stimulates corporate efforts toward an imaginary better future, but also because it attracts managers’ particular aspirations through its representational gap. The authors show that this gap enables meaningful connections between individuals (their particular experience and aspirations) and “sustainability,” bringing this concept into their specific discursive space and, thereby, leading to the emergence of new practices.

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Lovell, Gabrielle, Amelia Gabrovic, Tipper Higgins, and Paul Evangelista. "Representation of Search and Target Acquisition Protocol in Models and Simulation." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2019v7i1.pp31-37.

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This research evaluates the representation of individual Soldier Search and Target Acquisition (STA) protocols in models and simulation and identifies gaps in the current methodology and implementation. The primary contributions of this research include a synthesis of related literature, an algorithmic exploration of the current STA algorithms implemented in military simulation models, a functional analysis of three systems with a significant relationship to STA, and a determination of gaps and proposed solutions to improve the representation of human STA in military simulation models. The analysis highlighted gaps in three important STA representations: (1) field of view search, (2) identification in a field of view, and (3) information acquisition and situational awareness. Implications and recommendations to resolve these gaps are discussed.

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Modugno, Chiara, and Tonny Krijnen. "‘Difference Is the One Thing That We Have in Common’." Tripodos, no. 50 (July 3, 2021): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2021.50p37-56.

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Television production is championing diversity in representation with record numbers compared to previous years. Netflix’s Sense8 is definitely amongst the highest scoring shows as concerns intersectional representation. Such remarkable representation was worth the 2016 GLAAD Outstanding Drama Series award, a prize granted to the most diverse television shows. However, this applause is geared solely to numerical representations while current academic discussion focuses more on the concept of fair representations. Not only is being represented of importance, but how one is represented. The present paper employs photovoice and photo elicitation to investigate how Sense8 fans articulate what constitutes a fair representation of queer gender identities within the show. The present research addresses two gaps in the literature. First, a methodological one: the employment of creative visual methodologies to transcend the limitations of the most common methods used for audience research —interviews and focus groups. Secondly, this study follows the contemporary conversation around fair representation by addressing what is now a gap in the existing literature on queer television: what is fair representation from an audience perspective? The results of this study show how audiences’ perspectives on fair representation differ from those formulated in public and academic debates.

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ANTHONY, JASON L., RACHEL G. AGHARA, EMILY J. SOLARI, MARTHA J. DUNKELBERGER, JEFFREY M. WILLIAMS, and LAN LIANG. "Quantifying phonological representation abilities in Spanish-speaking preschool children." Applied Psycholinguistics 32, no. 1 (October 7, 2010): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716410000275.

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ABSTRACTIndividual differences in abilities to form, access, and hone phonological representations of words are implicated in the development of oral and written language. This study addressed three important gaps in the literature concerning measurement of individual differences in phonological representation. First, we empirically examined the dimensionality of phonological representation abilities. Second, we empirically compared how well typical measures index various representation-related phonological processing abilities. Third, we supply data on Spanish phonological representation abilities of incipient Spanish–English bilingual children to address the need for information on phonological representation across languages. Specifically, nine measures of accessibility to and precision of phonological presentations were administered to 129 preschool children in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses validated three separate but correlated a priori phonological processing abilities, that is, efficiency of accessing phonological codes, precision of phonological codes as reflected in speech production, and precision of phonological codes as reflected in speech perception. Most prototypic measures were strong indicators of their respective representation-related phonological ability. We discuss how the current data in Spanish compares to limited data in English, and the implications for the organization of phonological representations abilities.

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Kassel, Fanny, and Rafael Potrie. "Eigenvalue gaps for hyperbolic groups and semigroups." Journal of Modern Dynamics 18 (2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2022008.

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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Given a locally constant linear cocycle over a subshift of finite type, we show that the existence of a uniform gap between the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ i^\text{th} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ (i+1)^\text{th} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> Lyapunov exponents for all invariant measures implies the existence of a dominated splitting of index <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ i $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We establish a similar result for sofic subshifts coming from word hyperbolic groups, in relation with Anosov representations of such groups. We discuss the case of finitely generated semigroups, and propose a notion of Anosov representation in this setting.</p>

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Rossi, Talita Cardoso, Vânia Hercilia Talarico Bruno, Fernanda Martin Catarucci, Ivan da Silva Beteto, Pedro Henrique Leonetti Habimorad, and Karina Pavão Patrício. "Guidance on Healthy Eating Habits from the Medical Student’s Perspective." Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 43, no. 1 (March 2019): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v43n1rb20180112.

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ABSTRACT Although nutrition is one of the most significant aspects of good health and well-being, preventing many diseases and reducing premature death and disability, most medical curricula still do not cover this topic in depth, devoting only a few hours to it. This leaves an important gap in the training of medical professionals, in a context of an increase in chronic diseases, where healthy eating is essential, not only for prevention but also to guarantee treatment success. The present study interviewed medical students from the first to the sixth years of graduation, in order to understand what they consider to be a healthy diet and whether they consider themselves capable of guiding their future patients in the adoption and practice healthy eating habits. This is a qualitative study in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 undergraduate medical students of a public university in the state of São Paulo. The data were analyzed using the technique of Content Analysis, with a thematic representational approach. Two major themes emerged, showing possible gaps in the students’ knowledge about nutrition and the difficulty they have in helping their patients switch to healthier eating habits, given that they themselves have difficulty doing the same. There is a need for medical schools to promote students’ health, both physical and mental, in response to the high demands of the courses. This may include health promotion activities aimed at the students themselves, encouraging them to adopt healthier lifestyles, especially healthier eating habits, so that they can share their own experiences with future patients. This may benefit their professional practice, giving them greater confidence when giving nutrition guidance to their patients, as they will have already experienced and applied the principles in their own lives. Patient-centered care can be a way to address this system and help patients effectively switch to healthier habits, thereby reducing suffering and improving quality of life. Empowerment through activities that receive and support the student and the patient is an essential tool for behavioral change.

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Graham, Martin, and Jessie Kennedy. "A Survey of Multiple Tree Visualisation." Information Visualization 9, no. 4 (November 5, 2009): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2009.29.

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This article summarises the current state of research into multiple tree visualisations. It discusses the spectrum of current representation techniques used on single trees, pairs of trees and finally multiple trees, in order to identify which representations are best suited to particular tasks and to find gaps in the representation space, in which opportunities for future multiple tree visualisation research may exist. The application areas from where multiple tree data are derived are enumerated, and the distinct structures that multiple trees make in combination with each other and the effect on subsequent approaches to their visualisation are discussed, along with the basic high-level goals of existing multiple tree visualisations.

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Nir, Lilach. "Social Representations, News Exposure, and Knowledge Gaps." Social Science Quarterly 98, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 786–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12434.

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LEAVY, AISLING. "USING DATA COMPARISON TO SUPPORT A FOCUS ON DISTRIBUTION: EXAMINING PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDINGS OF DISTRIBUTION WHEN ENGAGED IN STATISTICAL INQUIRY." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2006): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v5i2.502.

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This exploratory study, a one group pretest-posttest design, investigated the development of elementary preservice teachers’ understandings of distribution as expressed in the measures and representations used to compare data distributions. During a semester-long mathematics methods course, participants worked in small groups on two statistical inquiry projects requiring the collection, representation, analysis and reporting of data with the ultimate goal of comparing distributions of data. Many participants shifted from reporting descriptive exclusively to the combined use of graphical representations and descriptive statistics which supported a focus on distributional shape and coordinated variability and center. Others gained skills and understandings related to statistical measures and representations yet failed to utilize these when comparing distributions. Gaps and misconceptions in statistical understanding are discussed. Recommendations for supporting the development of conceptual understanding relating to distribution are outlined. First published November 2006 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

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LEAVY, AISLING. "USING DATA COMPARISON TO SUPPORT A FOCUS ON DISTRIBUTION: EXAMINING PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDINGS OF DISTRIBUTION WHEN ENGAGED IN STATISTICAL INQUIRY." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2006): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v5i2.502.

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This exploratory study, a one group pretest-posttest design, investigated the development of elementary preservice teachers’ understandings of distribution as expressed in the measures and representations used to compare data distributions. During a semester-long mathematics methods course, participants worked in small groups on two statistical inquiry projects requiring the collection, representation, analysis and reporting of data with the ultimate goal of comparing distributions of data. Many participants shifted from reporting descriptive exclusively to the combined use of graphical representations and descriptive statistics which supported a focus on distributional shape and coordinated variability and center. Others gained skills and understandings related to statistical measures and representations yet failed to utilize these when comparing distributions. Gaps and misconceptions in statistical understanding are discussed. Recommendations for supporting the development of conceptual understanding relating to distribution are outlined. First published November 2006 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

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Mori, Ryuhei. "Periodic Fourier representation of Boolean functions." Quantum Information and Computation 19, no. 5&6 (May 2019): 392–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic19.5-6-2.

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In this work, we consider a new type of Fourier-like representation of Boolean function f\colon\{+1,-1\}^n\to\{+1,-1\}: f(x) = \cos(\pi\sum_{S\subseteq[n]}\phi_S \prod_{i\in S} x_i). This representation, which we call the periodic Fourier representation, of Boolean function is closely related to a certain type of multipartite Bell inequalities and non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computation with linear side-processing NMQCp. The minimum number of non-zero coefficients in the above representation, which we call the periodic Fourier sparsity, is equal to the required number of qubits for the exact computation of f by \NMQCp. Periodic Fourier representations are not unique, and can be directly obtained both from the Fourier representation and the F_2-polynomial representation. In this work, we first show that Boolean functions related to ZZZZ-polynomial have small periodic Fourier sparsities. Second, we show that the periodic Fourier sparsity is at least 2^{\deg_{\mathbb{F}_2}(f)}-1, which means that NMQCp efficiently computes a Boolean function $f$ if and only if F_2-degree of f is small. Furthermore, we show that any symmetric Boolean function, e.g., AND_n, Mod^3_n, Maj_n, etc, can be exactly computed by depth-2 NMQCp using a polynomial number of qubits, that implies exponential gaps between NMQCp and depth-2 NMQCp.

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McGregor, Karla K., Rena M. Friedman, Renée M. Reilly, and Robyn M. Newman. "Semantic Representation and Naming in Young Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 2 (April 2002): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/026).

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Children's semantic representations and semantic naming errors were the focus of this study. In Experiment 1, 25 normally developing children (mean age=5 years 4 months) named, drew, and defined 20 age-appropriate objects. The results suggested that functional and physical properties are core aspects of object representations in the semantic lexicon and that these representations are often organized and accessed according to a taxonomic hierarchy. Results of a new procedure, comparative picture naming/picture drawing, suggested that the degree of knowledge in the semantic lexicon makes words more or less vulner-able to retrieval failure. Most semantic naming errors were associated with limited semantic knowledge, manifested as either lexical gaps or fragile representations. Comparison of definitions for correctly named and semantically misnamed objects provided converging evidence for this conclusion. In Experiment 2, involving 16 normally developing children (mean age=5 years 5 months), the comparative picture naming/picture drawing results were replicated with a stimulus set that allowed a priori matching of the visual complexity of items drawn from correct and semantic error pools. Discussion focuses on the dynamic nature of semantic representations and the relation between semantic representation and naming during a period of slow mapping. The value of comparative picture naming/ picture drawing as a new method for exploring children's semantic representa-tions is emphasized.

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Vlachostergiou, Aggeliki, George Caridakis, Phivos Mylonas, and Andreas Stafylopatis. "Learning Representations of Natural Language Texts with Generative Adversarial Networks at Document, Sentence, and Aspect Level." Algorithms 11, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11100164.

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The ability to learn robust, resizable feature representations from unlabeled data has potential applications in a wide variety of machine learning tasks. One way to create such representations is to train deep generative models that can learn to capture the complex distribution of real-world data. Generative adversarial network (GAN) approaches have shown impressive results in producing generative models of images, but relatively little work has been done on evaluating the performance of these methods for the learning representation of natural language, both in supervised and unsupervised settings at the document, sentence, and aspect level. Extensive research validation experiments were performed by leveraging the 20 Newsgroups corpus, the Movie Review (MR) Dataset, and the Finegrained Sentiment Dataset (FSD). Our experimental analysis suggests that GANs can successfully learn representations of natural language texts at all three aforementioned levels.

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Pucciarelli, Marta, and Sara Vannini. "Douala as a “hybrid space”: Comparing online and offline representations of a sub-Saharan city." Semiotica 2018, no. 223 (July 26, 2018): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0017.

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Abstract This study investigates the complex relationship between the physical and digital spaces of the city of Douala, Cameroon by comparing its online representation with the social representations emerging orally by locals. Using the results of two existing studies reporting on the online image of the city, we investigate the social representations foreigners and locally relevant people have of Douala and uncover similarities and discrepancies of the two resulting representations. Outcomes from the analysis permit reflection on the implications of these and show an unripe, intermediate stage of the “hybrid Douala,” where the virtual space seems still not to be affecting the way the physical space is experienced, as well as where the gaps in the digital divide are perpetuated. At the same time, strong local ownership of certain digital activities suggests how the online image of the city is in the process of being constructed and developed locally. As the spaces of the city start appearing online, the process of hybridization between physical and digital Douala is slowly taking place and offline and online narratives, now rather separated, will possibly communicate a different image of the city to global online narratives.

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WENDEL, JOHN P., and LISA JANE HARDY. "Transitions/Translations/Gaps: Ethnographic Representations in the Pharmaceutical Industry." Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2006, no. 1 (September 2006): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-8918.2006.tb00045.x.

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Taraben, Salam, Salman Hirani, and Charles A. Odonkor. "Identifying Gaps in Representation of Minorities in Pain Medicine." Interventional Pain Medicine 1 (2022): 100056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inpm.2022.100056.

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Kominsky, Jonathan F., Lewis Baker, Frank C. Keil, and Brent Strickland. "Causality and continuity close the gaps in event representation." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.247.

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Li, Fengpeng, Jiabao Li, Wei Han, Ruyi Feng, and Lizhe Wang. "Unsupervised Representation High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification via Contrastive Learning Convolutional Neural Network." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.87.8.577.

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Inspired by the outstanding achievement of deep learning, supervised deep learning representation methods for high-spatial-resolution remote sensing image scene classification obtained state-of-the-art performance. However, supervised deep learning representation methods need a considerable amount of labeled data to capture class-specific features, limiting the application of deep learning-based methods while there are a few labeled training samples. An unsupervised deep learning representation, high-resolution remote sensing image scene classification method is proposed in this work to address this issue. The proposed method, called contrastive learning, narrows the distance between positive views: color channels belonging to the same images widens the gaps between negative view pairs consisting of color channels from different images to obtain class-specific data representations of the input data without any supervised information. The classifier uses extracted features by the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based feature extractor with labeled information of training data to set space of each category and then, using linear regression, makes predictions in the testing procedure. Comparing with existing unsupervised deep learning representation high-resolution remote sensing image scene classification methods, contrastive learning CNN achieves state-of-the-art performance on three different scale benchmark data sets: small scale RSSCN7 data set, midscale aerial image data set, and large-scale NWPU-RESISC45 data set.

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Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica, Christina Eder, Corinna Kroeber, and Vanessa Marent. "How Party Systems Shape Local–National Gender Gaps." Government and Opposition 54, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.30.

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Women’s representation is highest in local assemblies in some countries, while others display the largest share of female office-holders at the national level. Drawing on a new data set mapping the representation of women at all four levels of government in Germany during the 2000s, we argue that differences in party system configurations across echelons explain these distinct patterns and provide evidence for this claim. We show that left-wing parties, the main source of female office-holders, perform better at higher echelons, while minor parties and independent representatives, which favour male candidacy, win more seats at the lowest levels of government.

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Buijs, Arjen E., Anke Fischer, Dieter Rink, and Juliette C. Young. "Looking beyond superficial knowledge gaps: Understanding public representations of biodiversity." International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management 4, no. 2 (June 2008): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3843/biodiv.4.2:1.

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Zeilig, Hannah. "Gaps and spaces: Representations of dementia in contemporary British poetry." Dementia 13, no. 2 (August 17, 2012): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301212456276.

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Li, Zheng, Noushin Omidvar, Wei Shan Chin, Esther Robb, Amanda Morris, Luke Achenie, and Hongliang Xin. "Machine-Learning Energy Gaps of Porphyrins with Molecular Graph Representations." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 122, no. 18 (April 24, 2018): 4571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02842.

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Crivellari, Alessandro, Bernd Resch, and Yuhui Shi. "TraceBERT—A Feasibility Study on Reconstructing Spatial–Temporal Gaps from Incomplete Motion Trajectories via BERT Training Process on Discrete Location Sequences." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041682.

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Trajectory data represent an essential source of information on travel behaviors and human mobility patterns, assuming a central role in a wide range of services related to transportation planning, personalized recommendation strategies, and resource management plans. The main issue when dealing with trajectory recordings, however, is characterized by temporary losses in the data collection, causing possible spatial–temporal gaps and missing trajectory segments. This is especially critical in those use cases based on non-repetitive individual motion traces, when the user’s missing information cannot be directly reconstructed due to the absence of historical individual repetitive routes. Inserted in the context of location-based trajectory modeling, we tackle the problem by proposing a technical parallelism with the natural language processing domain. Specifically, we introduce the use of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), a state-of-the-art language representation model, into the trajectory processing research field. By training deep bidirectional representations from unlabeled location sequences, jointly conditioned on both left and right context, we derive an explicit predicted estimation of the missing locations along the trace. The proposed framework, named TraceBERT, was tested on a real-world large-scale trajectory dataset of short-term tourists, exploring an effective attempt of adapting advanced language modeling approaches into mobility-based applications and demonstrating a prominent potential on trajectory reconstruction over traditional statistical approaches.

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Kjaer, Ulrik. "Patterns of Inter-Level Gender Gaps in Women’s Descriptive Representation." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/17.1.53-70(2019).

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It is often assumed that women’s descriptive representation is higher at the local level than at the state or federal level. However, recent studies challenge this perceived pattern. Therefore, several alternative patterns of inter-level gender gaps in female representation across political levels are systematically introduced. Zooming in on the state-local gender gap, a number of explanations as to why such a gender gap can emerge are hypothesized. And the case of the U.S. is used to illustrate how women sometimes fare relatively better at state than local election.

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Jensen, Aaron, Michael Fazio, Jeff M. Neilson, and Glen Scheitrum. "Generalized Representation of Electric Fields in Sheet Beam Klystron Gaps." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 61, no. 6 (June 2014): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2013.2294434.

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Schwab, B., and T. H. Kolbe. "VALIDATION OF PARAMETRIC OPENDRIVE ROAD SPACE MODELS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W2-2022 (October 14, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w2-2022-257-2022.

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Abstract. The standard OpenDRIVE is widely used for exchanging road space models in order to simulate the traffic of a city or individual driving situations. For modeling continuous road courses at lane level, OpenDRIVE utilizes its own parametric geometry model. However, violations of continuity requirements due to geometric leaps or kinks can cause the vehicle dynamics simulation to fail when testing vehicle components. But also defective lane predecessor and successor relations can result in an OpenDRIVE dataset not being usable as a reference map for vehicle navigation. Since these geometric, topological, and semantic constraints go beyond the rules encoded in the schema, this article presents a framework and a first implementation for validating OpenDRIVE datasets. As the lane widths are defined parametrically relative to the reference line of the respective road, lane connectivities at road transitions are evaluated using explicit geometries derived from the parametric geometry representations. Moreover, a derived CityGML representation enables a visual inspection of the parametric models to identify unexpected but visible defects. The implemented framework is applied to examine a total of 99 OpenDRIVE datasets, where significant lane gaps were detected in the explicit representation for about 20% of the datasets.

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Forman-Rabinovici, Aliza, and Lilach Nir. "Personalism or party platform? Gender quotas and women’s representation under different electoral system orientations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): e0257665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257665.

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Underrepresentation of women in politics is a matter of great concern to social scientists, citizens, and policymakers alike. Despite effort over the past decade to ameliorate it with gender quotas of different types, scientific research provides a mixed picture on the extent to which quotas can close these gender gaps under different conditions. We approach this puzzle by focusing on the orientation of electoral systems—candidate-centered vs. platform-centered—as a context that conditions the effect of quotas on representation. Our analyses of 76 countries’ electoral rules and legislatures show that contrary to expectations, it is in candidate-oriented systems that quotas facilitate stronger effect on women’s representation. Even after considering proportional representation, district magnitude, human development, or labor-force participation as alternative explanations, we show that quotas foster greater increases in gender representation in candidate-oriented systems. The broader implications are that in electoral systems that tend to have larger gender gaps, quotas have a substantial contribution to equal representation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Representational gaps'

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