Relevant bibliographies by topics / Representational flexibility

Academic literature on the topic 'Representational flexibility'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Gagatsis, Athanasios, Eleni Deliyianni, Iliada Elia, Areti Panaoura, and Paraskevi Michael-Chrysanthou. "Fostering Representational Flexibility in the Mathematical Working Space of Rational Numbers." Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática 30, no. 54 (April 2016): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v30n54a14.

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Abstract The study focuses on the cognitive level of Mathematical Working Space (MWS) and the component of the epistemological level related to semiotic representations in two mathematical domains of rational numbers: fraction and decimal number addition. Within this scope, it aims to explore how representational flexibility develops over time. A similar developmental pattern of four distinct hierarchical levels of student representational flexibility in both domains is identified. The findings indicate that the genesis of the semiotic axis in fraction and decimal addition is not automatic, but a long process of developmental steps that could be referred to as MWS1, MWS2, MWS3, MWS4 (final). There is not a clear and stable correspondence between developmental levels of representational flexibility and school grades. Didactical implications in order to foster representational flexibility in the MWS of fraction and decimal addition are discussed.
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Greer, Brian. "Representational flexibility and mathematical expertise." ZDM 41, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0211-7.

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Spensley, Fiona. "Beyond representational redescription." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 2 (June 1997): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97231456.

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There are a number of elements in the representational redescription (RR) theory which elude definition, including behavioural success, implicit information, endogenous metaprocesses, and the detail of the representational levels. This commentary proposes an information processing approach to the development of cognitive flexibility – the Recursive Re-Representation (3Rs) model (Spensley 1995) – which redefines the developmental process and thereby eliminates these problematic concepts.
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Allen, Melissa L., Erika Nurmsoo, and Norman Freeman. "Young children show representational flexibility when interpreting drawings." Cognition 147 (February 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.11.003.

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Wheeler, Michael. "Friends Reunited? Evolutionary Robotics and Representational Explanation." Artificial Life 11, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1064546053278937.

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Robotics as practiced within the artificial life community is no longer the bitter enemy of representational explanation in the way that it sometimes seemed to be in the heady, revolutionary days of the 1990s. This rapprochement is, however, fragile, because the field of evolutionary robotics continues to pose two important challenges to the idea that real-time intelligent action must or should be explained by appeal to inner representations. The first of these challenges, the threat from nontrivial causal spread, occurs when extra-neural factors account for the kind of adaptive richness and flexibility normally associated with representation-based control. The second, the threat from continuous reciprocal causation, occurs when the causal contributions made by the systemic components collectively responsible for behavior generation are massively context-sensitive and variable over time. I argue that while the threat from nontrivial causal spread can be resisted, the threat from continuous reciprocal causation provides a stern test for our representational intuitions.
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Lee, Michael D. "Extending Bayesian concept learning to deal with representational complexity and adaptation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (August 2001): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0149008x.

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While Tenenbaum and Griffiths impressively consolidate and extend Shepard's research in the areas of stimulus representation and generalization, there is a need for complexity measures to be developed to control the flexibility of their “hypothesis space” approach to representation. It may also be possible to extend their concept learning model to consider the fundamental issue of representational adaptation. [Tenenbaum & Griffiths]
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Stouffs, Rudi, Ramesh Krishnamurti, and Kuhn Park. "Sortal Structures: Supporting Representational Flexibility for Building Domain Processes." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 22, no. 2 (February 2007): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2006.00473.x.

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RIESEN, KASPAR, and HORST BUNKE. "GRAPH CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VECTOR SPACE EMBEDDING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, no. 06 (September 2009): 1053–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800140900748x.

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Graphs provide us with a powerful and flexible representation formalism for pattern classification. Many classification algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, the vast majority of these algorithms rely on vectorial data descriptions and cannot directly be applied to graphs. Recently, a growing interest in graph kernel methods can be observed. Graph kernels aim at bridging the gap between the high representational power and flexibility of graphs and the large amount of algorithms available for object representations in terms of feature vectors. In the present paper, we propose an approach transforming graphs into n-dimensional real vectors by means of prototype selection and graph edit distance computation. This approach allows one to build graph kernels in a straightforward way. It is not only applicable to graphs, but also to other kind of symbolic data in conjunction with any kind of dissimilarity measure. Thus it is characterized by a high degree of flexibility. With several experimental results, we prove the robustness and flexibility of our new method and show that our approach outperforms other graph classification methods on several graph data sets of diverse nature.
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Acevedo Nistal, A., W. Van Dooren, and L. Verschaffel. "Improving students’ representational flexibility in linear-function problems: an intervention." Educational Psychology 34, no. 6 (May 29, 2013): 763–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.785064.

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Chen, Yuhao, Alexander Wong, Yuan Fang, Yifan Wu, and Linlin Xu. "Deep Residual Transform for Multi-scale Image Decomposition." Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3537.

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Multi-scale image decomposition (MID) is a fundamental task in computer vision and image processing that involves the transformation of an image into a hierarchical representation comprising of different levels of visual granularity from coarse structures to fine details. A well-engineered MID disentangles the image signal into meaningful components which can be used in a variety of applications such as image denoising, image compression, and object classification. Traditional MID approaches such as wavelet transforms tackle the problem through carefully designed basis functions under rigid decomposition structure assumptions. However, as the information distribution varies from one type of image content to another, rigid decomposition assumptions lead to inefficiently representation, i.e., some scales can contain little to no information. To address this issue, we present Deep Residual Transform (DRT), a data-driven MID strategy where the input signal is transformed into a hierarchy of non-linear representations at different scales, with each representation being independently learned as the representational residual of previous scales at a user-controlled detail level. As such, the proposed DRT progressively disentangles scale information from the original signal by sequentially learning residual representations. The decomposition flexibility of this approach allows for highly tailored representations cater to specific types of image content, and results in greater representational efficiency and compactness. In this study, we realize the proposed transform by leveraging a hierarchy of sequentially trained autoencoders. To explore the efficacy of the proposed DRT, we leverage two datasets comprising of very different types of image content: 1) CelebFaces and 2) Cityscapes. Experimental results show that the proposed DRT achieved highly efficient information decomposition on both datasets amid their very different visual granularity characteristics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Spensley, Mary Fiona. "Representational redescription and the development of cognitive flexibility." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56458/.

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Karmiloff-Smith (e.g. 1986, 1992) has suggested that 'cognitive flexibility' is the result of a series of three representational redescriptions. These redescriptions are carried out by endogenous metaprocesses operating directly on the representations. Representational redescription accounts only for development beyond 'behavioural success', the stimulus to the redescription being stability at a previous level. Many features of the Representational Redescription theory are criticised, but the underlying idea that cognitive flexibility is associated with representational level is maintained. This point is supported by a review and study of planning development arguing that representational development, rather than process development explains increasing flexibility. Data from children's drawings and block balancing, along with a theoretical analysis of the model indicate that the details of the Representational Redescription theory are not consistent or plausible. In particular the concepts of initial procedural representation, endogenous metaprocesses, behavioural success, stability as the spur to development, and implicit information within representations, are rejected. Removing the constraints of behavioural success suggests a new recursive model, which is proposed as a general developmental mechanism. 'Recursive Re-Representation' views representational redescription as a creative process, and builds on Boden's (1992) computational approach to creativity. Cognitive flexibility is determined by a limited cognitive capacity, the level of 'chunking' in a domain and the possession of an overview of the relevant conceptual space. Chunking is achieved through a re-representation of behaviour and the environment, rather than a direct operation on representations. The BAIRN system (Wallace, Klahr & Bluff, 1987) is suggested as providing the basis for an implementation of Recursive ReRepresentation. It is argued that the Recursive Re-Representation account which views Representational Redecription as a recursive, creative process provides a more parsimonious approach to representational change throughout development.
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Sweet, Monica Ann. "Representational flexibility in the three-year-old : evidence from dimensional change tasks /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112192.

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DE, FABRITIIS PAOLA. "Lo sviluppo della flessibilità rappresentazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/36599.

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Representational flexibility is usually assessed in the graphic domain by whether children can innovate canonical drawings. According to the Karmiloff-Smith’s RR Model (RRM 1990), flexibility is acquired with a marked discontinuity at 8-9 years, when routine drawings are overcome once and for all. RRM, though, is inherently recursive, implying that innovation entertains a continuous trade-off with graphic conservatism along development. In this regard, a less recent model by van Sommers (1984) suggests that pictorial conservatism coexist with flexibility, even in adulthood, and that continuity models fit better flexibility development. This study aims at comparing the two models and their ability to predict the relationship between conservatism and flexibility during development. 75 children (5, 7, 9, 11 year-olds) and 20 adults were asked to draw two similar and two different houses (administration order balanced across the sample). Drawings were coded with a 5 point scale for 6 aspects (e.g. house’s structure and details). Results show that linear trends fit flexibility development in all aspects. Adults draw canonical houses more than older children, although score highly in the differentiation task. Results suggest that flexibility coexist with some conservatism even in adults, lending support to van Sommers’s model, in these regards.
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Flanders, Steven Todd. "Investigating flexibility, reversibility, and multiple representations in a calculus environment." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690743.

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This study investigates the development of flexibility and reversibility in a calculus environment that attends to linking multiple representations. Reversibility was studied through Krutetskii’s framework of reversibility of two-way processes and reversibility of the mental process in reasoning. The study was conducted over approximately four months in a high school calculus classroom in an urban school district in a mid-Atlantic state. Instruction attended to linking multiple representations whenever possible. Four types of data were collected: 1) a pre-test, 2) a post-test, 3) daily assessments, and 4) clinical interviews. Twenty-one students completed a pretest and post-test that together assessed development of flexibility over the course of the study. They also completed daily assessments that were collected to provide evidence of the development of reversibility during the course of the study. Six students participated in four clinical interviews each, spread throughout the study. Inferential statistics were used to compare the results of the pre-test and post-test for significant differences and to determine significant differences in the presence of reversibility on the daily assessments over the course of the study. The clinical interviews were analyzed for evidence of students’ thought processes while solving reversible questions. Analysis revealed that over the course of the study, students demonstrated significant increases in both flexibility and reversibility. Two-way reversibility seemed to develop with relative ease for most students and often developed simultaneously with learning a forward process. Developing reversibility of the mental process in reasoning was difficult and tended to develop simultaneously with learning in a forward direction for students with high levels of flexibility. For students who did not develop reversibility simultaneously with forward learning, both two-way reversibility and reversibility of the mental process in reasoning were able to develop through multiple opportunities to solve reversible tasks of similar content. Analysis of the clinical interviews indicated that students typically followed a 4-step thought process when using reversibility to solve problems. Implications and limitations of the study and areas of further research were discussed.

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Vitray, Richard Pierson. "Representativity and flexibility of drawings of graphs on the projective plane /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740721098.

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Senoussi, Medhi. "Flexibilité temporelle et spatiale des représentations neurales d'objets visuels lors d'apprentissages." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30162.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur l'effet d'apprentissages à court et long terme sur le système visuel. Nous avons d'abord montré grâce à des enregistrements Éléctroencéphalographiques que l'apprentissage d'une séquence de stimuli visuels induisait une activité cérébrale spontanée et sélective au prochain stimulus devant apparaitre et que cette activité sélective s'exprimait dans les bandes alpha et beta de l'activité électrique cérébrale. Par la suite nous avons montré grâce à de l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle que lors d'apprentissages longs (trois semaines) les représentations neurales de catégories visuelles associées étaient modulées et devenaient plus similaires après l'apprentissage. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont donc permis de mieux caractériser l'impact d'apprentissages à différentes échelles de temps sur les représentations neurales d'objets visuels
The work presented in this thesis deals with the effect of short- and long-term learning on the visual system. We first demonstrated through electroencephalographic recordings that learning a sequence of visual stimuli induced spontaneous and selective cerebral activity to the next-to-appear stimulus and that this selective activity was expressed in the alpha and beta bands of cerebral electrical activity. Subsequently, we showed through functional magnetic resonance imaging that during long learning (three weeks) the neural representations of associated visual categories were modulated and became more similar due to learning. The work presented in this thesis has thus made it possible to better characterize the impact of learning at different time scales on the neural representations of visual objects
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Hussein, Ahmed Abd Elmonem Ahmed. "Dynamical System Representation and Analysis of Unsteady Flow and Fluid-Structure Interactions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85626.

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A dynamical system approach is utilized to reduce the representation order of unsteady fluid flows and fluid-structure interaction systems. This approach allows for significant reduction in the computational cost of their numerical simulations, implementation of optimization and control methodologies and assessment of their dynamic stability. In the first chapter, I present a new Lagrangian function to derive the equations of motion of unsteady point vortices. This representation is a reconciliation between Newtonian and Lagrangian mechanics yielding a new approach to model the dynamics of these vortices. In the second chapter, I investigate the flutter of a helicopter rotor blade using finite-state time approximation of the unsteady aerodynamics. The analysis showed a new stability region that could not be determined under the assumption of a quasi-steady flow. In the third chapter, I implement the unsteady vortex lattice method to quantify the effects of tail flexibility on the propulsive efficiency of a fish. I determine that flexibility enhances the propulsion. In the fourth chapter, I consider the stability of a flapping micro air vehicle and use different approaches to design the transition from hovering to forward flight. I determine that first order averaging is not suitable and that time periodic dynamics are required for the controller to achieve this transition. In the fifth chapter, I derive a mathematical model for the free motion of a two-body planar system representing a fish under the action of coupled dynamics and hydrodynamics loads. I conclude that the psicform fish family are inherently stable under certain conditions that depend on the location of the center of mass.
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We present modeling approaches of the interaction between flying or swimming bodies and the surrounding fluids. We consider their stability as they perform special maneuvers. The approaches are applied to rotating blades of helicopters, fish-like robots, and micro-air vehicles. We develop and validate a new mathematical representation for the flow generated by moving or deforming elements. We also assess the effects of fast variations in the flow on the stability of a rotating helicopter blade. The results point to a new stable regime for their operation. In other words, the fast flow variations could stabilize the rotating blades. These results can also be applied to the analysis of stability of rotating blades of wind turbines. We consider the effects of flexing a tail on the propulsive force of fish-like robots. The results show that adding flexibility enhances the efficiency of the fish propulsion. Inspired by the ability of some birds and insects to transition from hovering to forward motion, we thoroughly investigate different approaches to model and realize this transition. We determine that no simplification should be applied to the rigorous model representing the flapping flight in order to model transition phenomena correctly. Finally, we model the forward-swim dynamics of psciform and determine the condition on the center of mass for which a robotic fish can maintain its stability. This condition could help in designing fish-like robots that perform stable underwater maneuvers.
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BANASIAK, Sophie. "The unionisation of precarious workers : representations, problematisation and experiences in Swedish blue-collar unions in the construction and hotel-restaurant sectors." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52700.

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From the Polanyian perspective on the double movement of labour commodification and self-protection of Society, the aim of this study was to examine how unionists perceive and problematise precarious employment and what are their practices for unionising and thereby securing precarious workers. A double case study was conducted in the hotel-restaurant and construction sectors in Sweden with the participation of blue-collar unionists with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The results show that precarious work is associated with labour market segmentation, subcontracting and fragmentation of economic organisations, deskilling of work, loss of autonomy and sometimes over-qualification of workers. Perceived difficulties for unionisation are fear, lack of knowledge of precarious workers about their rights, membership cost, status frustration and lack of interactions with other workers. Reported practices for unionising precarious workers consist of dealing with these barriers in order to build trustful relations and empowering workers through education and inclusion in leadership positions. Actions taken to protect and secure precarious workers are strongly interlinked with their unionisation and seem to rest mainly on negotiations. The main conclusions of the study are that precarious work means a loss of control by workers over their work life stemming from labour commodification and flexibilisation due to increased management control and lack of rights and protections surrounding work. The formation of solidarities needed for unionisation is hindered by the detachment of precarious workers from the work community and by inequality regimes. The domination of fear manifests the prevalence of emotions. Therefore, the care and emotional work of unionists is essential for making workers feel confidence. Unions practices tend to lean also, to some extent, towards organising and community building models. Thereby, union agency appears to be able to engage in an interplay with structures to exert some influence on employment and industrial relations.
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Angué, Chloé. "Mythes bibliques et mythes polynésiens : flexibilité des imaginaires de la conquête et du rêve : images littéraires de la Polynésie du XVIIe au XXIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100088.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit au carrefour de la mythocritique, de l’imagologie et des études postcoloniales. Elle a pour ambition d’identifier et d’analyser les images littéraires de la Polynésie du seizième au vingt-et-unième siècles grâce aux mythes bibliques et aux mythes polynésiens qui sont à leurs fondements. L’image la plus connue est celle de l’Éden polynésien qu’ont construit les voyageurs occidentaux et que déconstruisent les auteurs insulaires. Les littératures du Triangle sont en outre habitées par un imaginaire vétérotestamentaire réinterprété mais aussi par les réécritures de mythes traditionnels polynésiens. Se mêlent alors culture biblique d’une région très évangélisée et mise en valeur de la Polynésie pré-contact trop souvent niée ou dépréciée par les missionnaires, colons et écrivains occidentaux. Ainsi, le croisement des disciplines et le recours aux concepts polynésiens ont favorisé l’émergence d’une vision globale du rôle des mythes dans les œuvres littéraires qui participent de la représentation de ce territoire archipélique
This study comes within the scope of mythocritics, image and postcolonial studies. It seeks to identify and analyse literary images from the sixteenth to twenty-first century Polynesia through biblical and Polynesian myths which are at the basis of these representations. The most famous image is obviously the Polynesian Eden, a cliché constructed by Western travellers and deconstructed by Insular writers. Literatures of the Triangle are also tinged with a reinterpreted Old Testament imaginary and with re-written traditional Polynesian myths. The biblical culture of a deeply evangelised region then mingles with the highlighted representation of pre-contact Polynesia which was so often denied or disparaged by missionaries, settlers and Western writers. Crossing disciplines and using Polynesian concepts have favoured a global vision of how myths (inter)act within literary works that take part in this territory of archipelago’s representation
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Slater, P. "The creation and control of digital audio waveforms : An investigation into techniques for the creation and real-time control of audio waveforms using data representations which result in timbral flexibility and high audio quality." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233660.

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Books on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Austerweil, Joseph L., Samuel J. Gershman, and Thomas L. Griffiths. Structure and Flexibility in Bayesian Models of Cognition. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.9.

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Probability theory forms a natural framework for explaining the impressive success of people at solving many difficult inductive problems, such as learning words and categories, inferring the relevant features of objects, and identifying functional relationships. Probabilistic models of cognition use Bayes’s rule to identify probable structures or representations that could have generated a set of observations, whether the observations are sensory input or the output of other psychological processes. In this chapter we address an important question that arises within this framework: How do people infer representations that are complex enough to faithfully encode the world but not so complex that they “overfit” noise in the data? We discuss nonparametric Bayesian models as a potential answer to this question. To do so, first we present the mathematical background necessary to understand nonparametric Bayesian models. We then delve into nonparametric Bayesian models for three types of hidden structure: clusters, features, and functions. Finally, we conclude with a summary and discussion of open questions for future research.
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Lobina, David J., and José E. García-Albea. On Language and Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0012.

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The relationship between language and thought remains an unsettled issue. The chapter approaches it from the perspective of whether any of the representations the language faculty generates can be said to be constitutive of thought (i.e., to form part of thought representations). It reviews four such linguistic formats or representations—phonetic (PHON), syntactic (SEM), phonological, and semantic—and argues that all of them are in principle extraneous to what a theory of thought requires. Thought must be subsumed by abstract, amodal, structured, and fully explicit propositional representations to account for cognitive flexibility, and all four formats fall short of exhibiting the necessary properties.
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Gomez, Rafael, Alex Bryson, and Paul Willman. Voice in the Wilderness? The Shift From Union to Non‐Union Voice in Britain. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0016.

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This article deals with the emergence, presence, and gradual transformation of workplace voice in Britain. Britain is an interesting case because it has sustained one of the longest and most prolonged falls in union representation in the Western world. Some have interpreted this as a move away from institutionalized voice by both workers and employers in the face of global product market competition and attendant needs for greater labour flexibility. The article shows that union collective representation has been supplanted by non-union voice in new workplaces and, where union voice persists in older workplaces, it has been supplemented by non-union voice. The absence of formal voice in a significant minority of workplaces can be linked to certain observable firm characteristics, such as size, network externalities, ownership, and age of enterprise. The article defines workplace voice by partially drawing on insights from consumer theory, industrial organization, and transaction-cost economics.
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Jamil, Ghazala. Accumulation by Segregation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199470655.001.0001.

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Through an ethnographic exploration of everyday life infused with Marxist urbanism and critical theory, this work charts out the changes taking place in Muslim neighbourhoods in Delhi in the backdrop of rapid urbanization and capitalist globalization. It argues that there is an implicit materialist logic in prejudice and segregation experienced by Muslims. Further, it finds that different classes within Muslims are treated differentially in the discriminatory process. The resultant spatial ‘diversity’ and differentiation this gives rise to among the Muslim neighbourhoods creates an illusion of ‘choice’ but in reality, the flexibility of the confining boundaries only serve to make these stronger and shatterproof. It is asserted that while there is no attempt at integration of Muslims socially and spatially, from within the structures of urban governance, it would be a fallacy to say that the state is absent from within these segregated enclaves. The disciplinary state, neo-liberal processes of globalization, and the discursive practices such as news media, cinema, social science research, combine together to produce a hegemonic effect in which stereotyped representations are continually employed uncritically and erroneously to prevent genuine attempts at developing specific and nuanced understanding of the situation of urban Muslims in India. The book finds that the exclusion of Muslims spatially and socially is a complex process containing contradictory elements that have reduced Indian Muslims to being ‘normative’ non-citizens and homo sacer whose legal status is not an equal claim to citizenship. The book also includes an account of the way in which residents of these segregated Muslim enclaves are finding ways to build hope in their lives.
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Wikle, Christopher K. Spatial Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.710.

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The climate system consists of interactions between physical, biological, chemical, and human processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Characterizing the behavior of components of this system is crucial for scientists and decision makers. There is substantial uncertainty associated with observations of this system as well as our understanding of various system components and their interaction. Thus, inference and prediction in climate science should accommodate uncertainty in order to facilitate the decision-making process. Statistical science is designed to provide the tools to perform inference and prediction in the presence of uncertainty. In particular, the field of spatial statistics considers inference and prediction for uncertain processes that exhibit dependence in space and/or time. Traditionally, this is done descriptively through the characterization of the first two moments of the process, one expressing the mean structure and one accounting for dependence through covariability.Historically, there are three primary areas of methodological development in spatial statistics: geostatistics, which considers processes that vary continuously over space; areal or lattice processes, which considers processes that are defined on a countable discrete domain (e.g., political units); and, spatial point patterns (or point processes), which consider the locations of events in space to be a random process. All of these methods have been used in the climate sciences, but the most prominent has been the geostatistical methodology. This methodology was simultaneously discovered in geology and in meteorology and provides a way to do optimal prediction (interpolation) in space and can facilitate parameter inference for spatial data. These methods rely strongly on Gaussian process theory, which is increasingly of interest in machine learning. These methods are common in the spatial statistics literature, but much development is still being done in the area to accommodate more complex processes and “big data” applications. Newer approaches are based on restricting models to neighbor-based representations or reformulating the random spatial process in terms of a basis expansion. There are many computational and flexibility advantages to these approaches, depending on the specific implementation. Complexity is also increasingly being accommodated through the use of the hierarchical modeling paradigm, which provides a probabilistically consistent way to decompose the data, process, and parameters corresponding to the spatial or spatio-temporal process.Perhaps the biggest challenge in modern applications of spatial and spatio-temporal statistics is to develop methods that are flexible yet can account for the complex dependencies between and across processes, account for uncertainty in all aspects of the problem, and still be computationally tractable. These are daunting challenges, yet it is a very active area of research, and new solutions are constantly being developed. New methods are also being rapidly developed in the machine learning community, and these methods are increasingly more applicable to dependent processes. The interaction and cross-fertilization between the machine learning and spatial statistics community is growing, which will likely lead to a new generation of spatial statistical methods that are applicable to climate science.
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Book chapters on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Stouffs, Rudi, and Ramesh Krishnamurti. "Representational Flexibility for Design." In Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 105–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0795-4_6.

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Stouffs, Rudi, and Ramesh Krishnamurti. "Sorts: A Concept for Representational Flexibility." In CAAD futures 1997, 553–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5576-2_41.

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Hayne, Harlene, and Rachel Barr. "Representational Flexibility in Infants and Young Children." In The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood, 60–86. 3rd ed. London: Psychology Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003016533-3.

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Bunsey, Michael. "Conservation of a Hippocampal Role in Representational Flexibility." In Animal Cognition and Sequential Behavior, 229–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0821-2_10.

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Berio, Leda. "Linguistic Relativity and Flexibility of Mental Representations: Color Terms in a Frame Based Analysis." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 121–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_6.

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AbstractThis paper connects the issue of the influence of language on conceptual representations, known as Linguistic Relativity, with some issues pertaining to concepts’ structure and retrieval. In what follows, I present a model of the relation between linguistic information and perceptual information in concepts using frames as a format of mental representation, and argue that this model not only accommodates the empirical evidence presented by the linguistic relativity debate, but also sheds some light on unanswered questions regarding conceptual representations’ structure. A fundamental assumption is that mental representations can be conceptualised as complex functional structures whose components can be dynamically and flexibly recruited depending on the tasks at hand; the components include linguistic and non-linguistic elements. This kind of model allows for the representation of the interaction between linguistic and perceptual information and accounts for the variable influence that color labels have on non-linguistic tasks. The paper provides some example of strategy shifting and flexible recruitment of linguistic information available in the literature and explains them using frames.
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Evren, Özgür. "Preference for Flexibility: A Continuous Representation in an Ordinal Setup." In Mathematical Topics on Representations of Ordered Structures and Utility Theory, 267–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34226-5_14.

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Hood, Stephanie L. "Science, Photography, and Objectivity? Exploring Nineteenth-Century Visual Cultures through the HMS Challenger Expedition (1872–1876)." In Scientific Visual Representations in History, 251–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11317-8_9.

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AbstractPreparing to set off from England in 1872 on an oceanographic expedition around the globe, the officers and crew of HMS Challenger gathered on board the ship for a photographic portrait. It was one of the first photographs of crew on a scientific voyage of exploration ever taken. Over eight hundred photographs were taken or acquired on the Challenger in addition to drawings and paintings. This chapter uses these photographs to reexamine Daston and Galison’s theory that photography was successful in nineteenth-century science on account of its perceived “objectivity” as an epistemic ideal. The chapter first outlines the history and historiography of photography and of the Challenger expedition, proceeding to outline photographic practices on the voyage, and evaluating the photographs’ place within longer aesthetic traditions. It then examines the Challenger photographs’ circulation and use in its official scientific report, and in wider scientific contexts. The chapter finally analyzes the photographs’ personal, and then broader public, economic, and political circulation and uses. It concludes by arguing that drawing and painting were the preferred scientific visual strategies on the Challenger, indicating that photography was not preferred on account of its perceived “objectivity” for science. Instead, photographs afforded other benefits such as speed of capture, replicability, and adaptability—for economic, social, and political use as well as scientific. Photography was therefore an effective visual strategy not on account of its perceived scientific “objectivity” but due to its flexibility, which corresponded to the expedition’s scientific aims as well as its broader economic, social, and political context.
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Gouriet, Martine, Hervé Barancourt, Marianne Boust, Philippe Calvez, Michael Laskowski, Anne-Sophie Taillandier, Loïc Tilman, Mathias Uslar, and Oliver Warweg. "The Energy Data Space: The Path to a European Approach for Energy." In Designing Data Spaces, 535–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_33.

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AbstractTrusted data spaces supporting energy services and fostering collaboration between all stakeholders are a cornerstone of the decarbonization of the sector. Today, a broad representation of European energy companies and academic and technological partners has joined GAIA-X to build the European energy data space. The group represents all segments of the energy value chain and is from all around Europe.Through this data space, we aim to address the following challenges: accelerate the deployment of low carbon energy solutions, foster energy efficiency and sector coupling (power, gas, and heating, integration of mobility and building/heating systems, etc.), enable more flexibility and renewable energy integration to the European electric system, accelerate the sector digitalization, and ultimately support Europe competitiveness, thanks to low energy costs.To achieve these goals, strong collaboration between the actors is needed to identify and launch valuable use cases on key topics: renewables, hydrogen, nuclear, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, local energy communities, networks, or compliance and traceability.The article is a collaborative effort, initiated in February 2021, from the French, German, and Belgium energy communities within GAIA-X national hubs. The intention is to provide insight on the work of the GAIA-X energy Domain, to share widely our ecosystem’s expectations, and to provide an overview of use cases identified.
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"Learning Environments for Representational Growth and Cognitive Flexibility." In International Perspectives on the Design of Technology-supported Learning Environments, 23–34. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203053386-7.

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Schulz, Armin W. "The Need for a New Account of the Evolution of Representational Decision Making." In Efficient Cognition. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037600.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses in some detail three of the key accounts of the evolution of representational decision making in the literature: (a) Ruth Millikan’s specialization-based account, (b) causality-based accounts, and (c) Kim Sterelny’s flexibility-based account. It shows that while this work makes some very important suggestions that should not be overlooked, by itself, it fails to provide a detailed and well-grounded account of the evolution of representational decision making.
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Conference papers on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Ke, Fengfeng, Jewoong Moon, and Zlatko Sokolikj. "Tracking Representational Flexibility Development through Speech Data Mining." In 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie44824.2020.9273818.

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Hieronymi, Matthias, Astrid Wichmann, Markus Kuhn, and H. Ulrich Hoppe. "Pen based Tools for Sudoku Solving - a Case for Representational Flexibility?" In 2007 1st International Workshop on Pen-Based Learning Technologies (PLT). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plt.2007.17.

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Summers, Joshua D. "Expressiveness of the Design Exemplar." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85135.

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As new representations are introduced to model various aspects of engineering design or to support computer aided design automation systems, these representations should be evaluated with respect to their intrinsic and extrinsic properties. One such property that is explored in this paper is “representational expressiveness”. This paper provides a systematic approach to exploring the expressiveness of new design representations by providing an evaluation of the design exemplar with respect to expressiveness. This expressiveness is decomposed into: coverage of vocabulary, flexibility of definition of vocabulary, type of vocabulary, mappability to existing representations, and support of basic design tasks. The design exemplar is examined with respect to these aspects of expressiveness, systematically laying a foundation for the intrinsic justification for basing future design automation systems on the principles of the design exemplar. This paper is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all aspects of the design exemplar. Rather, this paper is written to compel the design automation community to begin to develop a more systematic and reasoned approach in evaluating the automation systems and representations that are introduced in our research.
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Senaratne, Damith, and Chulantha Kulasekere. "Enhancing flexibility of belief representations." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2008.4525479.

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Nozawa, Kento, and Issei Sato. "Evaluation Methods for Representation Learning: A Survey." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/776.

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Representation learning enables us to automatically extract generic feature representations from a dataset to solve another machine learning task. Recently, extracted feature representations by a representation learning algorithm and a simple predictor have exhibited state-of-the-art performance on several machine learning tasks. Despite its remarkable progress, there exist various ways to evaluate representation learning algorithms depending on the application because of the flexibility of representation learning. To understand the current applications of representation learning, we review evaluation methods of representation learning algorithms. On the basis of our evaluation survey, we also discuss the future direction of representation learning. The extended version, https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.08226, gives more detailed discussions and a survey on theoretical analyses.
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Beilstein, Shereen. "Flexibility in Children's Fraction Representations: A Multimodal Approach." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1683235.

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Ramamoorthy, P. A., and S. Antony. "Optical MSD Adder Using Polarization Coded Symbolic Substitution." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1987.me8.

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The optical adder using MSD combines the flexibility and accuracy of digital systems with the parallel information processing capability of optics. Hence the addition of two MSD numbers can be performed in three steps regardless of the number of digits in the MSD numbers. The MSD representation is a subset of the signed-digit representation where radix r equals two. Requirements of fully parallel addition and subtraction and of a unique representation for the zero value are fulfilled by signed-digit representations. A MSD number is represented by three digits x i (i=1¯,0,1). For a precision of b bits, a given decimal number can be represented in MSD number system as follows1,2.
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Burnap, Alexander, Ye Liu, Yanxin Pan, Honglak Lee, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "Estimating and Exploring the Product Form Design Space Using Deep Generative Models." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60091.

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Product forms in quantitative design methods are typically expressed with a mathematical representation such as vectors, trees, graphs, and grammars. Such formal representations are restrictive in terms of realism or flexibility, and this limits their utility for human designers who typically create product forms in a design space that is restricted by the medium (e.g., free-hand sketching) and by their cognitive skills (e.g., creativity and experience). To increase the value of formal representations to human designers, this paper proposes to represent the design space as designs sampled from a statistical distribution of form and estimate a generative model of this distribution using a large set of images and design attributes of previous designs. This statistical representation approach is both flexible and realistic, and is estimated using a deep (multi-layer) generative model. The value of the representation is demonstrated in a study of two-dimensional automobile body forms. Using 180,000 form data of automobile designs over the past decade, we can morph a vehicle form into different body types and brands, thus offering human designers potential insights on realistic new design possibilities.
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Chen, Qiong-zhong, and Olivier Bru¨ls. "Integrated Power Control Analysis of DFIG Wind Turbines Considering Structural Flexibility." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48253.

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Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are commonly used in variable-speed wind turbines for more power extraction. Unlike previous research on DFIG wind turbines, which typically uses an equivalent lumped mass model of the drive train dynamics, but does not include detailed aerodynamic/mechanical representations, this paper investigates on the modelling and control of DFIG wind turbines by following a systematic approach based on a flexible multibody simulation software. The wind turbine structure, generator and control subsystem models are modularly developed for the S4WT package (Samcef for Wind Turbines), which is a user interface for the analysis of wind turbines. An extension of the finite element method is available in the flexible multibody dynamics solver, for the representation of the non-mechanical components, i.e., the generator and the control system, so that the coupled mechatronic system is simulated in a strongly coupled way. This integrated approach is less intricate and more robust than approaches based on an external DLL or co-simulation methods. The objective of this work is to analyze the control-generator-structure interactions in a wind turbine system. The power optimization control is elaborated in detail. A 2MW DFIG wind turbine prototype model is presented for validation. Dynamic analysis including the control effects and the influence of the structural flexibility is provided in an overall range.
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Celli, G., F. Pilo, G. Pisano, S. Ruggeri, and G. G. Soma. "Synthetic representation of flexibility from aggregated LV Distributed Energy Resources." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1868.

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Reports on the topic "Representational flexibility"

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Armas, Elvira, Magaly Lavadenz, and Laurie Olsen. Falling Short on The Promise to English Learners: A Report on Year One LCAPs. Center for Equity for English Learners, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.lcap2015.2.

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California’s Local Control Funding Formula was signed into law in California in 2013 and allowed districts the flexibility to meet their student needs in locally appropriate manners. One year after its implementation, a panel of 26 reviewers, including educators, English Learner (EL) advocates, and legal services staff reviewed the Local Control and Accountability Plans (LCAPs) to understand how districts employ this flexibility to address the needs of ELs. The report uses the English Learner Research-Aligned LCAP Rubrics with 10 focus areas, and reviews sample LCAPs from 29 districts, including districts with the highest numbers/percentages of English Learners in the state, districts representative of California’s geographic Regions, and districts providing quality EL services. The review centers around four questions of the extent to which first-year LCAPs: (1) specify goals and identify outcomes for ELs, (2) identify action steps and allocate funds for increased or improved services for all types of ELs, (3) reflect research-based practices for achieving language proficiency and academic achievement for English Learners in their actions, programs and services, and (4) are designed and implemented with EL parent input as reflected in stakeholder engagement. The results indicate that overall, the LCAP is inadequate as part of the state’s public accountability system in ensuring equity and access for ELs. Six key findings were: (1) difficulty in discerning funding allocations related to EL services and programs; (2) inability to identify districts’ plans for increased services for ELs; (3) lack of explicitly specified services and programs aligned to EL needs; (4) weak approach or missing English Language Development (ELD) or implementation of ELD standards in most LCAPs; (5) weak/inconsistent representation of EL parent engagement; and (6) lack of EL student outcome measures. The authors also present detailed findings for each focus topic and offer district and state level recommendations.
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