Academic literature on the topic 'Representational Change Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Smith, Richard G. "Baudrillard's Nonrepresentational Theory: Burn the Signs and Journey without Maps." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 1 (February 2003): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d280t.
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Can we burn the signs and journey without maps? In other words, can we travel from representational theories, through Baudrillard's critique of representation, to forms of theory that are somehow nonrepresentational? In this paper I hijack and go beyond Baudrillard's concepts of the precession and orders of simulacra to illustrate two main things: first, how the history of geographical thought has been one of representational theory, where there was seen to be a relationship, and then commutation, of theory and the real world; second, how representational theories are perhaps out of tune, unable to explain adequately, or change, our digital and commodity—sign soaked culture of simulacra, simulations, and reproductions. Overall, I attempt to show clearly how, through his poststructuralist critique of representation, Baudrillard is challenging us to rethink theory as doubly nonrepresentational.
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Poulin-Dubois, Diane, and David H. Rakison. "A developmental theory of implicit and explicit knowledge?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 5 (October 1999): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99522188.
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Early childhood is characterized by many cognitive developmentalists as a period of considerable change with respect to representational format. Dienes & Perner present a potentially viable theory for the stages involved in the increasingly explicit representation of knowledge. However, in our view they fail to map their multi-level system of explicitness onto cognitive developmental changes that occur in the first years of life. Specifically, we question the theory's heuristic value when applied to the development of early mind reading and categorization. We conclude that the authors fail to present evidence that dispels the view that knowledge change in these areas is dichotomous.
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Tafani, Eric, and Lionel Souchet. "Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations." Swiss Journal of Psychology 61, no. 1 (March 2002): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.61.1.34.
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This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).
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Carey, Susan. "Précis of The Origin of Concepts." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 3 (May 19, 2011): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000919.
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AbstractA theory of conceptual development must specify the innate representational primitives, must characterize the ways in which the initial state differs from the adult state, and must characterize the processes through which one is transformed into the other. The Origin of Concepts (henceforth TOOC) defends three theses. With respect to the initial state, the innate stock of primitives is not limited to sensory, perceptual, or sensorimotor representations; rather, there are also innate conceptual representations. With respect to developmental change, conceptual development consists of episodes of qualitative change, resulting in systems of representation that are more powerful than, and sometimes incommensurable with, those from which they are built. With respect to a learning mechanism that achieves conceptual discontinuity, I offer Quinian bootstrapping. TOOC concludes with a discussion of how an understanding of conceptual development constrains a theory of concepts.
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Aitken, Kyle, Marina Garrett, Shawn Olsen, and Stefan Mihalas. "The geometry of representational drift in natural and artificial neural networks." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 11 (November 28, 2022): e1010716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010716.
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Neurons in sensory areas encode/represent stimuli. Surprisingly, recent studies have suggested that, even during persistent performance, these representations are not stable and change over the course of days and weeks. We examine stimulus representations from fluorescence recordings across hundreds of neurons in the visual cortex using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and we corroborate previous studies finding that such representations change as experimental trials are repeated across days. This phenomenon has been termed “representational drift”. In this study we geometrically characterize the properties of representational drift in the primary visual cortex of mice in two open datasets from the Allen Institute and propose a potential mechanism behind such drift. We observe representational drift both for passively presented stimuli, as well as for stimuli which are behaviorally relevant. Across experiments, the drift differs from in-session variance and most often occurs along directions that have the most in-class variance, leading to a significant turnover in the neurons used for a given representation. Interestingly, despite this significant change due to drift, linear classifiers trained to distinguish neuronal representations show little to no degradation in performance across days. The features we observe in the neural data are similar to properties of artificial neural networks where representations are updated by continual learning in the presence of dropout, i.e. a random masking of nodes/weights, but not other types of noise. Therefore, we conclude that a potential reason for the representational drift in biological networks is driven by an underlying dropout-like noise while continuously learning and that such a mechanism may be computational advantageous for the brain in the same way it is for artificial neural networks, e.g. preventing overfitting.
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Pontes, Ana Paula Munhen de, Denize Cristina de Oliveira, and Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes. "The principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System, studied based on similitude analysis." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.2925.2395.
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OBJECTIVES: to analyze and compare the incorporation of the ethical-doctrinal and organizational principles into the social representations of the Unified Health System (SUS) among health professionals. METHOD: a study grounded in Social Representations Theory, undertaken with 125 subjects, in eight health institutions in Rio de Janeiro. The free word association technique was applied to the induction term "SUS", the words evoked being analyzed using the techniques of the Vergès matrix and similitude analysis. RESULTS: it was identified that the professionals' social representations vary depending on their level of education, and that those with higher education represent a subgroup responsible for the process of representational change identified. This result was confirmed through similitude analysis. CONCLUSION: a process of representational change is ongoing, in which it was ascertained that the professionals incorporated the principles of the SUS into their symbolic constructions. The similitude analysis was shown to be a fruitful technique for research in nursing.
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Spanoudis, George, and Andreas Demetriou. "Mapping Mind-Brain Development: Towards a Comprehensive Theory." Journal of Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8020019.
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The relations between the developing mind and developing brain are explored. We outline a theory of intellectual development postulating that the mind comprises four systems of processes (domain-specific, attention and working memory, reasoning, and cognizance) developing in four cycles (episodic, realistic, rule-based, and principle-based representations, emerging at birth, 2, 6, and 11 years, respectively), with two phases in each. Changes in reasoning relate to processing efficiency in the first phase and working memory in the second phase. Awareness of mental processes is recycled with the changes in each cycle and drives their integration into the representational unit of the next cycle. Brain research shows that each type of processes is served by specialized brain networks. Domain-specific processes are rooted in sensory cortices; working memory processes are mainly rooted in hippocampal, parietal, and prefrontal cortices; abstraction and alignment processes are rooted in parietal, frontal, and prefrontal and medial cortices. Information entering these networks is available to awareness processes. Brain networks change along the four cycles, in precision, connectivity, and brain rhythms. Principles of mind-brain interaction are discussed.
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Sochos, Antigonos. "Attachment and representational change in cognitive analytic therapy: Developing a taxonomy." Counselling Psychology Review 20, no. 4 (November 2005): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2005.20.4.15.
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A number of studies suggest that the couple relationship is a crucial aspect of the individual’s supportive network, playing an important role in the maintenance of mental health and the recovery from psychological disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate how Cognitive Analytic Therapy may change the patients’ understandings of their couple relationships and, possibly, the relationships themselves. Eleven outpatients presenting mostly with neurotic and personality disorders were interviewed before and after treatment about their current couple relationships, while clinical improvement was also assessed on a number of scales. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the patients’ accounts, revealing that the patients experienced their interpersonal space as being defined by three dichotomies: self vs. other, autonomy vs. relatedness, and dependent vs. depended-on positions. Moreover, the patients’ perception of autonomy tended to change in reference to the dependent position, while that of relatedness did so in reference to the depended-on. In addition, post-therapy changes regarding autonomy were asymmetrical, with the self being presentedas strengthened and the other as relatively weakened; in contrast, changes regarding relatedness were symmetrical, presenting both partners either as more, or as less emotionally available. On the basis of differences in change, three types of patients were identified. As the findings were considered within the framework of attachment theory three research questions were formulated for further investigation: (a) the patients’ subjective experience may have revealed information about their deeper attachment representations; (b) changes in that experience may have suggested shifts in the patients’ security of attachment; and (c) different types of change in that experience may have suggested diverse pathways through which shifts in attachment security may have been attained.
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Cournane, Ailís. "Grammatical representations versus productive patterns in change theories." Theoretical Linguistics 45, no. 3-4 (December 18, 2019): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2019-0023.
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Abstract In this paper, I discuss differences between representational change (i. e. in formal features and structures involved in grammatical competence) and change in quantitative patterns (i. e. in the quantitative properties of the language system in use), as relevant to my approach to incrementation. My approach differs from the standard variationist sociolinguistic approach because I argue that representational Language processing differences between children and adults could also contribute, but I set these aside here. Note that Biberaurer (this volume) also considers these relevant factors to the role of children in change. input-divergence Input-divergence (Cournane 2017) is used very broadly, as a way to capture any child language properties that deviate from the input model the child learns from. This includes what we standardly call child “errors”, without using that term, which assumes that there is a fixed target when learning a language and interim analyses are wrong. Rather “errors” are only such in comparison to the input/intake grammars, so I opt to call these “input-divergent” properties. along the child learning path contributes to quantitative differences between children and older speakers, most importantly the input speakers. In this way, the Inverted U Model (IUM) for incrementation offers an initial sketch of a linking theory between (a) child developmental findings for competence-related changes over acquisitional time in the individual, and (b) the change-in-progress phenomenon of incrementation which describes how usage rates for innovative variants advance relative to conservative variants in speakers in the community over generational time. Maximize Minimal Means (MMM), this volume similarly attributes a principled, creative role in change to the child-learner, offering a linking theory between (a), and (c), discrete changes in representations between grammars in historical time, grounded in Minimalism. I’ll also respond to Westergaard’s (this volume) argument that the IUM’s reliance on child overgeneralization conflicts with a set of linguistic phenomena for which directional, child-driven changes have been proposed, namely syntactic changes characterized by economy or simplification. In syntax, relative to common language change pathways (e. g. biclausal>monoclausal reanalyses), children typically acquire the (potentially) innovative grammatical structure earlier than the conservative one as they develop complexity (e. g. they develop from monoclausal>biclausal). It is indeed not clear how these child interim syntactic structures relate to overgeneralization, if at all. Rather, syntactic innovations are typically attributed to economy principles, and syntactic learning is sometimes characterized as conservative, also not obviously related to overgeneralization. I’ll show that neither economy in change nor child conservativity in syntactic development directly undermine the proposed model, as both are concerned with representational changes in grammars, not differences in quantitative patterns and changes-in-progress (the purview of incrementation and the IUM). Finally I will say a few words on the case study on Norwegian gender-system changes laid-out in Westergaard (this volume). These elicited production data are a valuable contribution to the roles of children in changes-in-progress, and while the data patterns conflict with some aspects of the IUM as proposed, the overall approach of Rodina and Westergaard is in line with a child-learning-centered contribution to the directionality and shape of changes-in-progress.
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Hope, Max, John McCloskey, Mairead Nicbhloscaidh, Dominic Crowley, and Dom Hunt. "Triggering multi-actor change cascades: Non-representational theory and deep disaster risk management co-production." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619894878.
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Deep-rooted socio-ecological and technical systems, values and lifestyles, ‘locked in’ by vested interests and flows of power, underpin the interconnected problems of climate change, hazard vulnerability and poverty. A ‘shallow’ approach to co-production, with its focus on knowledge exchange and shared learning between individuals, struggles to gain the ‘purchase’ needed to transform these material structures. In this paper we demonstrate that non-representational theory is a good starting point for an alternative ‘deep’ approach to disaster risk management co-production. We review key aspects of non-representational theory and their application to disaster risk management and build a novel hybrid conceptual framework. We use this to analyse a case study of disaster risk management co-production (an aftershock forecasting approach used by humanitarian agencies during the Nepal 2015 earthquake), how social change occurred in this instance, and the role disaster risk management co-production played. We emphasise how change was the consequence of unexpected shifts in assemblages of human, non-human, virtual and real actors. These created ‘events’ that were opportunities for change that were realised with fidelity. Using this analysis, we develop an alternative deep approach to co-production, as ‘a practical means of going on’, and finish with five precepts to guide transformative disaster risk management based on the concept of multi-actor change cascades.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Sochos, Antigonos. "The assessment of representational change in individuals undergoing CAT : developing an attachment theory based methodology." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413149.
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Marciani, Francesca. "Numeric Memory: Developing Representations." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365697597.
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Blunt, Carl T. "Representation change and the development of new attributes through category learning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31031.
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Aucher, Guillaume, and n/a. "Perspectives on belief and change." University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081003.115428.
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This thesis is about logical models of belief (and knowledge) representation and belief change. This means that we propose logical systems which are intended to represent how agents perceive a situation and reason about it, and how they update their beliefs about this situation when events occur. These agents can be machines, robots, human beings. . . but they are assumed to be somehow autonomous.
The way a fixed situation is perceived by agents can be represented by statements about the agents� beliefs: for example �agent A believes that the door of the room is open� or �agent A believes that her colleague is busy this afternoon�. �Logical systems� means that agents can reason about the situation and their beliefs about it: if agent A believes that her colleague is busy this afternoon then agent A infers that he will not visit her this afternoon. We moreover often assume that our situations involve several agents which interact between each other. So these agents have beliefs about the situation (such as �the door is open�) but also about the other agents� beliefs: for example agent A might believe that agent B believes that the door is open. These kinds of beliefs are called higher-order beliefs. Epistemic logic [Hintikka, 1962; Fagin et al., 1995; Meyer and van der Hoek, 1995], the logic of belief and knowledge, can capture all these phenomena and will be our main starting point to model such fixed (�static�) situations. Uncertainty can of course be expressed by beliefs and knowledge: for example agent A being uncertain whether her colleague is busy this afternoon can be expressed by �agent A does not know whether her colleague is busy this afternoon�. But we sometimes need to enrich and refine the representation of uncertainty: for example, even if agent A does not know whether her colleague is busy this afternoon, she might consider it more probable that he is actually busy. So other logics have been developed to deal more adequately with the representation of uncertainty, such as probabilistic logic, fuzzy logic or possibilistic logic, and we will refer to some of them in this thesis (see [Halpern, 2003] for a survey on reasoning about uncertainty).
But things become more complex when we introduce events and change in the picture. Issues arise even if we assume that there is a single agent. Indeed, if the incoming information conveyed by the event is coherent with the agent�s beliefs then the agent can just add it to her beliefs. But if the incoming information contradicts the agent�s beliefs then the agent has somehow to revise her beliefs, and as it turns out there is no obvious way to decide what should be her resulting beliefs. Solving this problem was the goal of the logic-based belief revision theory developed by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (to which we will refer by the term AGM) [Alchourrón et al., 1985; Gärdenfors, 1988; Gärdenfors and Rott, 1995]. Their idea is to introduce �rationality postulates� that specify which belief revision operations can be considered as being �rational� or reasonable, and then to propose specific revision operations that fulfill these postulates. However, AGM does not consider situations where the agent might also have some uncertainty about the incoming information: for example agent A might be uncertain due to some noise whether her colleague told her that he would visit her on Tuesday or on Thursday. In this thesis we also investigate this kind of phenomenon. Things are even more complex in a multi-agent setting because the way agents update their beliefs depends not only on their beliefs about the event itself but also on their beliefs about the way the other agents perceived the event (and so about the other agents� beliefs about the event). For example, during a private announcement of a piece of information to agent A the beliefs of the other agents actually do not change because they believe nothing is actually happening; but during a public announcement all the agents� beliefs might change because they all believe that an announcement has been made. Such kind of subtleties have been dealt with in a field called dynamic epistemic logic (Gerbrandy and Groeneveld, 1997; Baltag et al., 1998; van Ditmarsch et al., 2007b]. The idea is to represent by an event model how the event is perceived by the agents and then to define a formal update mechanism that specifies how the agents update their beliefs according to this event model and their previous representaton of the situation. Finally, the issues concerning belief revision that we raised in the single agent case are still present in the multi-agent case.
So this thesis is more generally about information and information change. However, we will not deal with problems of how to store information in machines or how to actually communicate information. Such problems have been dealt with in information theory [Cover and Thomas, 1991] and Kolmogorov complexity theory [Li and Vitányi, 1993]. We will just assume that such mechanisms are already available and start our investigations from there.
Studying and proposing logical models for belief change and belief representation has applications in several areas. First in artificial intelligence, where machines or robots need to have a formal representation of the surrounding world (which might involve other agents), and formal mechanisms to update this representation when they receive incoming information. Such formalisms are crucial if we want to design autonomous agents, able to act autonomously in the real world or in a virtual world (such as on the internet). Indeed, the representation of the surrounding world is essential for a robot in order to reason about the world, plan actions in order to achieve goals... and it must be able to update and revise its representation of the world itself in order to cope autonomously with unexpected events. Second in game theory (and consequently in economics), where we need to model games involving several agents (players) having beliefs about the game and about the other agents� beliefs (such as agent A believes that agent B has the ace of spade, or agent A believes that agent B believes that agent A has the ace of heart...), and how they update their representation of the game when events (such as showing privately a card or putting a card on the table) occur. Third in cognitive psychology, where we need to model as accurately as possible epistemic state of human agents and the dynamics of belief and knowledge in order to explain and describe cognitive processes.
The thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 2, we first recall epistemic logic. Then we observe that representing an epistemic situation involving several agents depends very much on the modeling point of view one takes. For example, in a poker game the representation of the game will be different depending on whether the modeler is a poker player playing in the game or the card dealer who knows exactly what the players� cards are. In this thesis, we will carefully distinguish these different modeling approaches and the. different kinds of formalisms they give rise to. In fact, the interpretation of a formalism relies quite a lot on the nature of these modeling points of view. Classically, in epistemic logic, the models built are supposed to be correct and represent the situation from an external and objective point of view. We call this modeling approach the perfect external approach. In Chapter 2, we study the modeling point of view of a particular modeler-agent involved in the situation with other agents (and so having a possibly erroneous perception of the situation). We call this modeling approach the internal approach. We propose a logical formalism based on epistemic logic that this agent uses to represent �for herself� the surrounding world. We then set some formal connections between the internal approach and the (perfect) external approach. Finally we axiomatize our logical formalism and show that the resulting logic is decidable.
In Chapter 3, we first recall dynamic epistemic logic as viewed by Baltag, Moss and Solecki (to which we will refer by the term BMS). Then we study in which case seriality of the accessibility relations of epistemic models is preserved during an update, first for the full updated model and then for generated submodels of the full updated model. Finally, observing that the BMS formalism follows the (perfect) external approach, we propose an internal version of it, just as we proposed an internal version of epistemic logic in Chapter 2.
In Chapter 4, we still follow the internal approach and study the particular case where the event is a private announcement. We first show, thanks to our study in Chapter 3, that in a multi-agent setting, expanding in the AGM style corresponds to performing a private announcement in the BMS style. This indicates that generalizing AGM belief revision theory to a multi-agent setting amounts to study private announcement. We then generalize the AGM representation theorems to the multi-agent case. Afterwards, in the spirit of the AGM approach, we go beyond the AGM postulates and investigate multi-agent rationality postulates specific to our multi-agent setting inspired from the fact that the kind of phenomenon we study is private announcement. Finally we provide an example of revision operation that we apply to a concrete example.
In Chapter 5, we follow the (perfect) external approach and enrich the BMS formalism with probabilities. This enables us to provide a fined-grained account of how human agents interpret events involving uncertainty and how they revise their beliefs. Afterwards, we review different principles for the notion of knowledge that have been proposed in the literature and show how some principles that we argue to be reasonable ones can all be captured in our rich and expressive formalism. Finally, we extend our general formalism to a multi-agent setting.
In Chapter 6, we still follow the (perfect) external approach and enrich our dynamic epistemic language with converse events. This language is interpreted on structures with accessibility relations for both beliefs and events, unlike the BMS formalism where events and beliefs are not on the same formal level. Then we propose principles relating events and beliefs and provide a complete characterization, which yields a new logic EDL. Finally, we show that BMS can be translated into our new logic EDL thanks to the converse operator: this device enables us to translate the structure of the event model directly within a particular axiomatization of EDL, without having to refer to a particular event model in the language (as done in BMS).
In Chapter 7 we summarize our results and give an overview of remaining technical issues and some desiderata for future directions of research.
Parts of this thesis are based on publication, but we emphasize that they have been entirely rewritten in order to make this thesis an integrated whole. Sections 4.2.2 and 4.3 of Chapter 4 are based on [Aucher, 2008]. Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5 of Chapter 5 are based on [Aucher, 2007]. Chapter 6 is based on [Aucher and Herzig, 2007].
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Ekenstedt, Theodor, and Saga Wallerström. "How Avatar Representations Impact Willingness for Health-Habit Changes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184271.
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This study examines how adding avatars, personal visual representations of the user, on online forms impacts self-reported willingness for behavioral change, when considering health habits. Avatars are a gamification element proposed to have a positive impact on behavioral change. No earlier research has examined the distinction between the effects of the contemplation that occurs when acquiring an avatar and those of the actual avatar. This distinction was explored with a randomly controlled trial in the form of three questionnaires (pretest, self-reflection, posttest), distributed to a control group and an intervention group. 37 participants (20 women, 17 men, M = 33.4 years, age span 29–38 years) completed the study. The pretest consisted of questions about their current health situation, followed by the self-reflection task. The posttest measured the outcome variable: ”How willing are you to make a change in your everyday life in order to improve or maintain your general health?”. For the intervention group, the self- reflection and posttest were accompanied by an avatar. The results were analysed with a Mann- Whitney’s U-test, which showed that the avatar groups' self-reported willingness for behavioral change was higher compared to the control group. The effect was statistically significant. We discuss the applications and practical and ethical implications of avatars for increasing motivation. Further research should be done to replicate these findings to further examine the mechanics of the avatar representation.Denna studie undersöker hur tillägget av avatarer, en personlig visuell representation av användaren, i webbformulär kan påverka självrapporterad villighet för beteendeförändring kopplat till hälsovanor. Avatarer är ett spelifieringselement som föreslås kunna ha en positiv påverkan på beteendeförändring. Ingen tidigare forskning har gjorts på distinktionen mellan effekter av självreflektion som sker vid förvärvandet av en avatar och den faktiska avataren. Den här distinktionen undersöktes genom en randomiserad kontrollerad studie i form av tre enkäter (förtest, självreflektion, eftertest) för en kontroll- och interventionsgrupp. 37 deltagare (20 kvinnor, 17 män, M = 33.4 år, åldersspann 29–38 år) slutförde studien. Förtestet bestod av frågor om deltagarnas nuvarande hälsa, följt av självreflektionen. Eftertestet innehöll utfallsmåttet: “Hur villig är du att göra en förändring i din vardag för att förbättra eller bibehålla din generella hälsa?”. För interventionsgruppen ackompanjerades självreflektionen och eftertestet av en avatar. Resultaten analyserades med ett Mann-Whitneys U-test, som visade att avatargruppens självskattade villighet för beteendeförändring var högre jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Effekten var statistiskt signifikant. Vi diskuterar tillämpningar samt praktiska och etiska implikationer av avatarer för att öka motivation. Vidare forskning bör göras för att replikera dessa fynd för att ytterligare undersöka mekaniken bakom avatar-representation.
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Janlert, Lars-Erik. "Studies in knowledge representation : modeling change - the frame problem : pictures and words." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65865.
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In two studies, the author attempts to develop a general symbol theoretical approach to knowledge representation. The first study, Modeling change - the frame problem, critically examines the - so far unsuccessful - attempts to solve the notorious frame problem. By discussing and analyzing a number of related problems - the prediction problem, the revision problem, the qualification problem, and the book-keeping problem - the frame problem is distinguished as the problem of finding a representational form permitting a changing, complex world to be efficiently and adequately represented. This form, it is argued, is dictated by the metaphysics of the problem world, the fundamental form of the symbol system we humans use in rightly characterizing the world. In the second study, Pictures and words, the symbol theoretical approach is made more explicit. The subject Is the distinction between pictorial (non-linguistic, non-propositional, analogical, "direct") representation and verbal (linguistic, propositional) representation, and the further implications of this distinction. The study focuses on pictorial representation, which has received little attention compared to verbal representation. Observations, ideas, and theories in AI, cognitive psychology, and philosophy are critically examined. The general conclusion is that there is as yet no cogent and mature theory of pictorial representation that gives good support to computer applications. The philosophical symbol theory of Nelson Goodman is found to be the most thoroughly developed and most congenial with the aims and methods of AI. Goodman's theory of pictorial representation, however, in effect excludes computers from the use of pictures. In the final chapter, an attempt is made to develop Goodman's analysis of pictures further turning it into a theory useful to AI. The theory outlined builds on Goodman's concept of exemplification. The key idea is that a picture is a model of a description that has the depicted object as its standard model. One consequence Is that pictorial and verbal forms of representation are seen less as competing alternatives than as complementary forms of representation mutually supporting and depending on each other.digitalisering@umu
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Arti, Sulaiman. "Continuity and change in Hollywood representations of the Middle East after September 11th." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16858.
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This thesis inquires into the factors behind Hollywood's depiction of the Middle East. That depiction is not static, but is modified in response to changes in political events and US government foreign policy. Although the events of 9/11 seemed to justify the traditional negative stereotype of Arabs, the image has been partially and rationally re-interpreted. This was due to the rise in prominence of the ideas of a minority of radical and free-thinking members of the Hollywood community who embraced a more intellectual approach, which advocated that the popular Western view of the Arab world was unjustified and based on a fallacious fabrication for Western political advantage. The research further shows that these activists did not owe allegiance to the Hollywood-US government propaganda machine. They were able to fracture this traditional alliance and provide the opportunity for the appearance of films of a radical nature, which were critical of US Middle Eastern policy and projected the Arab world in a new light. The study analyzes a selection of films that represent the Middle East in terms of their philosophy and cinematic structure, which enables them to act as vectors to raise public awareness of the issues and to promote reconciliation and co-existence between East and West.
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Aeal, Wemedh. "K-theory, chamber homology and base change for the p-ADIC groups SL(2), GL(1) and GL(2)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ktheory-chamber-homology-and-base-change-for-the-lowercasepadic-groups-sl2-gl1-and-gl2(974c74a7-83ff-4cb2-bbb8-e15cfbb8e2e1).html.
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The thrust of this thesis is to describe base change BC_E/F at the level of chamber homology and K-theory for some p-adic groups, such as SL(2,F), GL(1,F) and GL(2,F). Here F is a non-archimedean local field and E is a Galois extension of F. We have had to master the representation theory of SL(2) and GL(2) including the Langlands parameters. The main result is an explicit computation of the effect of base change on the chamber homology groups, each of which is constructed from cycles. This will have an important connection with the Baum-Connes correspondence for such p-adic groups. This thesis involved the arithmetic of fields such as E and F, geometry of trees, the homology groups and the Weil group W_F.
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Schnackenberg, Andrew K. "Symbolizing Institutional Change: Media Representations and Legality in the Payday Loan and Medical Marijuana Industries." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405090956.
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Liu, Xiyuan. "Homosexual Representation Diversity in Media: The Role of Associative Interference in Diminishing Stereotypes and Improving Attitudes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1354656326.
Full textBooks on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Fink, Eugene. Changes of Problem Representation: Theory and Experiments. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002.
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1953-, Benjamin D. Paul, ed. Change of representation and inductive bias. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990.
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Systems representation of global climate change models: Foundation for a systems science approach. London: Springer-Verlag, 1993.
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1953-, Clozel Laurent, ed. Simple algebras, base change, and the advanced theory of the trace formula. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1989.
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Arthur, James. Simple algebras, base change, and the advanced theory of the trace formula. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988.
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Valjakka, Minna, and Meiqin Wang, eds. Visual Arts, Representations and Interventions in Contemporary China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982239.
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This edited volume provides a multifaceted investigation of the dynamic interrelations between visual arts and urbanization in contemporary Mainland China with a focus on unseen representations and urban interventions brought about by the transformations of the urban space and the various problems associated with it. Through a wide range of illuminating case studies, the authors demonstrate how innovative artistic and creative practices initiated by various stakeholders not only raise critical awareness on socio-political issues of Chinese urbanization but also actively reshape the urban living spaces. The formation of new collaborations, agencies, aesthetics and cultural production sites facilitate diverse forms of cultural activism as they challenge the dominant ways of interpreting social changes and encourage civic participation in the production of alternative meanings in and of the city. Their significance lies in their potential to question current values and power structures as well as to foster new subjectivities for disparate individuals and social groups.
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É. Kiss, Katalin, and Veronika Hegedus, eds. Syntax of Hungarian. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725910.
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The Syntax of Hungarian aims to present a synthesis of the currently available syntactic knowledge of the Hungarian language, rooted in theory but providing highly detailed descriptions, and intended to be of use to researchers as well as advanced students of language and linguistics. As research in language leads to extensive changes in our understanding and representations of grammar, the Comprehensive Grammar Resources series intends to present the most current understanding of grammar and syntax as completely as possible in a way that will both speak to modern linguists and serve as a resource for the non-specialist.
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Change of Representation and Inductive Bias. Springer, 2011.
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Thompson, Ross A. Attachment Theory and Research. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0009.
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Attachment theory has long been at the forefront of research efforts to understand the origins and enduring impact of early parent–child relationships. It has also expanded into a theory of lifespan implications with relevance to problems in developmental psychopathology, early intervention, and mental representation. This review of the expanding research literature on attachment is organized around eight questions: (a) To whom do attachments develop? (b) What are the biological foundations of attachment? (c) How does culture influence attachment and its consequences? (d) What contributes to attachments becoming secure or insecure? (e) How does attachment security change over time? (f) What are the later outcomes of secure or insecure attachments? (g) How does attachment influence thinking and social representations? (h) What are the clinical implications of attachment research? The answers to these questions summarize what has been learned about the importance of early parent–child relationships and identify future research priorities.
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Contarello, Alberta, ed. Embracing Change. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197617366.001.0001.
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Rapid changes in the contemporary world are increasing pressure on the social and psychological sciences to try to understand the present and foresee possible futures. Embracing Change: Knowledge, Continuity, and Social Representations focuses on the production of shared knowledge, as interpreted from a social psychological perspective inspired by the theory of social representations that highlights the role of the “Other” in the production of social understanding. Adopting this “socio-psychological gaze” entails bringing the primacy of relationships and communication to the forefront of the knowing processes while taking social and cultural forces into account. Growing streams of research bear witness to the potential of this theoretical and methodological approach, in synergy with cognate perspectives. This volume contains a collection of contributions from leading authors on how social representations theory can help us understand change and continuity in social knowledge regarding hot topics and domains of our time, such as health concerns, environmental issues, aging in an aging society, and intercultural encounters. The state of the art is explored with reference to advances in theory, methods, and the stance of the researcher in the process of inquiry. The volume’s focus is on how change has been studied in social psychology, how common knowledge is organized in everyday life, and how scholars can study and contribute to change in knowledge patterns. Casting light on challenging social issues, this volume will be of interest to students and scholars in social psychology, sociology, and social sciences.
Book chapters on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Fusaoka, Akira. "On a Linear Representation Theory for Quantitative Belief Change." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 48–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36187-1_5.
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MacNish, C. K., and M. A. Williams. "From belief revision to design revision: Applying theory change to changing requirements." In Learning and Reasoning with Complex Representations, 206–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64413-x_37.
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Clancey, William J. "Practice Cannot be Reduced to Theory: Knowledge, Representations, and Change in the Workplace." In Organizational Learning and Technological Change, 16–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79550-3_2.
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Balogh, Kata, and Rainer Osswald. "A Frame-Based Analysis of Verbal Particles in Hungarian." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 219–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_11.
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AbstractThe verbal particle in Hungarian raises a number of intriguing issues for any theory of the syntax-semantics interface. In this article, we aim at a formal account of the semantic contribution of various verbal particles in Hungarian and we show how the semantic representation of the clause can be compositionally derived. We will concentrate on the four frequent particles meg-, le-, el- and fel-. Our approach makes use of a formalized version of Role and Reference Grammar and the framework of decompositional frame semantics. In particular, we give a formal representation of the boundary-setting function of the verbal particle in terms of decompositional frames which builds on a scalar change analysis. We furthermore analyze the interaction of the particle with resultative adjectives and provide a formal model of how their syntactic representations drive their frame-semantic composition.
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Indurkhya, Bipin. "Metaphor as Change of Representation: An Interaction Theory of Cognition and Metaphor." In Aspects of Metaphor, 95–150. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8315-2_4.
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Pantin, Isabelle. "The Illustrated Printed Page as a Tool for Thinking and for Transmitting Knowledge. The Case of the Theoricae Planetarum." In Scientific Visual Representations in History, 33–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11317-8_2.
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AbstractDuring the early modern period, astronomy underwent a profound transformation in the way it was taught, as the response of an enlarged readership took on more and more importance. This change notably concerned the use of images and diagrams. The Theoricae planetarum, especially Peuerbach’s Theoricae novae planetarum, are a privileged example in this respect, for they served a particularly large range of functions. They were mnemonic tools and visual glossaries, and an essential element in Peuerbach’s pedagogical approach. They had a documentary role, as they gave plausible representations of the celestial spheres; they could be used as proofs of the soundness of a “theory,” or could simply help to follow a geometrical demonstration. Some of them were small-scale models designed to serve as tools for the mind to better grasp the complex combination of movements in what was then called machina mundi. All these figures, and their power to exercise the mind, were well suited to a period when more and more astronomers were involved in imagining, drawing, and comparing hypothetical models of planetary movements.
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Melabotta, Melita Richter. "15. HOW THE "OTHER'S" CHANGE." In Representations of the "Other/s" in the Mediterranean World and their Impact on the Region, edited by Nedret Kuran-Burçoglu and Susan Gilson Miller, 269–80. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225797-018.
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Harper, William L. "Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, a Defense of Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation." In Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, 25–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2865-7_2.
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Pochwatko, Grzegorz, Justyna Świdrak, Wiesław Kopeć, Zbigniew Jȩdrzejewski, Agata Feledyn, Matthias Vogt, Nuria Castell, and Katarzyna Zagórska. "Multisensory Representation of Air Pollution in Virtual Reality: Lessons from Visual Representation." In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_24.
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AbstractThe world is facing the problem of anthropogenic climate change and air pollution. Despite many years of development, already established methods of influencing behaviour remain ineffective. The effect of such interventions is very often a declaration of behaviour change that is not followed by actual action. Moreover, despite intensive information campaigns, many people still do not have adequate knowledge on the subject, are not aware of the problem or, worse, deny its existence. Previous attempts to introduce real change were based on providing information, persuasion or visualisation. We propose the use of multi-sensory virtual reality to investigate the problem more thoroughly and then design appropriate solutions. In this paper, we introduce a new immersive virtual environment that combines free exploration with a high level of experimental control, physiological and behavioural measures. It was created on the basis of transdisciplinary scientific cooperation, participatory design and research. We used the unique features of virtual environments to reverse and expand the idea of pollution pods by Pinsky. Instead of closing participants in small domes filled with chemical substances imitating pollution, we made it possible for them to freely explore an open environment - admiring the panorama of a small town from the observation deck located on a nearby hill. Virtual reality technology enables the manipulation of representations of air pollution, the sensory modalities with which they are transmitted (visual, auditory, tactile and smell stimuli) and their intensity. Participants’ reactions from the initial tests of the application showed that it is a promising solution. We present the possibilities of applying the new solution in psychological research and its further design and development opportunities in collaboration with communities and other stakeholders in the spirit of citizen science.
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Helmke, Stefan, Bernhard Goetze, Robert Scheffler, and Gregor Wrobel. "Interactive, Orthogonal Hyperedge Routing in Schematic Diagrams Assisted by Layout Automatisms." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 20–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86062-2_2.
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AbstractSchematic diagrams are used in graph-based engineering systems. They focus mainly on the structure of the design object. Graph-based engineering systems help to solve a concrete design task. This is primarily realized by the application of domain-specific languages. The layout of schematic diagrams is of particular importance, and a neat representation is desirable. But automatically generated layouts cannot always fully match the intention of a modeler. To improve automatic layouts and enable a user-specific representation, an algorithm that allows interactive changes of the orthogonal hyperedge geometry was implemented. In this paper, we present this algorithm and give an overview of such interactions. Additionally, several reductions of the hyperedge geometry are shown. Furthermore, a local, automatic routing considering interactions on the hyperedge geometry is presented. The consideration of domain-specific semantics and the possibility of interactive changes is a new approach. All algorithms were implemented in a self-developed software framework.
Conference papers on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Howard, John A., Ruggero Trevisan, Albert McSpadden, and Simon Glover. "History, Evolution, and Future of Casing Design Theory and Practice." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206183-ms.
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Abstract Casing design and the associated load assumptions have evolved considerably over the last 30 years. The objective of this paper is to trace the history, evolution and future of casing design by means of the type of load cases and the assumptions made for them as it evolved from the early 1960's to the modern load case requirements for wells drilled in the 2020's. The vast majority of tubular failures in oil & gas wells are not attributable to computational errors in calculating design loads, but rather are due to a shortfall in considering the appropriate load scenarios. One common shortfall includes making incorrect or oversimplified assumptions for the initial and final temperature and pressure conditions. There is no industry standard for casing or tubing design loads, but there is an industry accepted standard process for the calculation of the stress on tubulars once the load cases are determined. Each operating company may use a different set of load assumptions depending on the well type and risk assessment. This work also keeps in view the major computational tools used during each step change of the casing design evolution: slide rule/nomographs, HP 41C calculators, PC DOS and Windows programs, and the latest Cloud-Native paradigm with REST API's within a microservices architecture. A REST API (also known as RESTful API) is an Application Programming Interface (API) that conforms to the constraints of Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style commonly used in current Cloud computing technology. The scope will also include ongoing research and development to address shortcomings of previous load case assumptions and calculations for extended reach and HPHT wells, closely spaced wells, and geothermal wells. Modern wells and modern casing design load cases are in a constant state of evolution and casing failures will occur unless engineers and their tools also evolve.
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Cohen, Tal, and Robert E. Fulton. "A Data Approach to Tracking and Evaluating Engineering Changes." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/eim-5682.
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Abstract Changes are common during any stage of a product life cycle. There are local changes that do not influence other elements of a product. However, there are other changes that can influence different aspects of the product. Consequences of these changes, unless properly anticipated, and accounted for, can be costly. Therefore, it is highly desirable to obtain a mechanism that will be able to anticipate and evaluate product change consequences. The first task in anticipating and evaluating change consequences is to represent them. The complexity of engineering models makes their representation to be rich and semantic. Information data models like EXPRESS provide tools for modeling products. However, the current EXPRESS and other information models do not have a generic methodology to support contextual change representation and propagation. In this paper a methodology called Change FAvorable Representation – C-FAR is presented. C-FAR uses an existing product information model to facilitate change representation, propagation, and qualitative evaluation. The EXPRESS schema’s main elements are entities, relations among entities, and attributes that describe the entities. C-FAR facilitates change and change evaluation to the attribute level. C-FAR has been evaluated using case studies in structural analysis, and bumper design. Results show that C-FAR is capable of representing change and provides a reasonable qualitative evaluation of the change consequences.
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Yang, Seung-Cheol, Lalit Patil, and Debasish Dutta. "Similarity Computation for Knowledge-Based Sustainability Evaluation of Engineering Changes." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28347.
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Systematic sustainability assessment of a proposed Engineering Change (EC) is, typically, a time-consuming process due to the complexity of typical products and the lifecycle-wide impact of a change. One approach to enable faster evaluation is the use of the knowledge from similar past ECs. In this paper, we present an approach based on research in psychology to calculate the similarity of Engineering Changes such that the retrieved ECs can be used to predict only the carbon footprint of the proposed EC. Product knowledge is structured, and there is no acceptable standard for representation. Therefore, we propose a measure that focuses on identifying and aligning corresponding components of the query and target representations. We apply the measure to a case of 14 Engineering Changes (91 matching problems) and compare the matches for relevance to evaluation of carbon footprint. The precision and recall are evaluated by comparing against carbon footprints obtained using commercial LCA tool.
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Ilyenko, Kostyantyn, and Anatoliy Opanasenko. "DC space-charge field representation in Kisunko-Vainshtein waveguide excitation theory." In 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2015.7327625.
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Hayes, Erik E., and William C. Regli. "Integrating Design Process Knowledge With CAD Models." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21247.
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Abstract Solid models are static entities, often defined by boundary representation models as sets of enclosing surfaces. Constructive Solid Geometry and feature-based computer-aided design environments create procedural descriptions of 3D objects in forms of history or CSG trees. These representations are temporally fixed, i.e., they describe the state of an object at a point in time. This paper describes a method to represent and capture temporal evolution of solid models — what we call model process history. We define process history to be all states of a model — the search space of design process. This paper presents a representational formalism we call model process graphs (MPGs). We use MPGs to integrate a model’s description with a model of temporal changes that occur during the design process. We believe that MPG representations can have valuable application for many design and manufacturing problems. The paper describes our preliminary results to use MPGs to (1) create a record of design process; (2) store process-based design rationale; (3) represent in-process shapes for machined artifacts. We anticipate that similar structures will find application in other design and manufacturing problems where important process knowledge is embodied by temporal changes occurring in model evolution.
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Rajinia, Elmira, and Simon Li. "Estimation of the Scope of Change Propagation in Object-Oriented Programming." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28773.
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When minor modifications need to be made in an object-oriented computer program, they often incur further more changes due to the presence of dependency in the codes and the program structure. Yet, to accommodate the required change, there can also be more than one option to carry out the initial modifications. To select the modification option in this context, this paper proposes a systematic approach to estimate the scope of change propagation of an object-oriented program given some initial modifications. The strategy is to first capture the dependency relationships of the entities pertaining to an object-oriented program via the matrix representation. Based on this matrix-based model, the priority number method is proposed and applied to estimate the scope of change propagation by assuming some initial modifications. The core of this method is to estimate the chance of affecting other program entities due to some modified entities. A case study is conducted throughout the paper to illustrate and justify the proposed method.
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Souza, Marlo, and Renata Wassermann. "Belief Contraction in Non-classical logics as Hyperintensional Belief Change." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/56.
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AGM's belief revision is one of the main paradigms in the study of belief change operations. Despite its popularity and importance to the area, it is well recognised that AGM's work relies on a strong idealisation of the agent's capabilities and the nature of beliefs themselves. Particularly, it is recognised in the literature that Belief and Knowledge are hyperintensional attitudes, i.e. they can differentiate between contents that are necessarily equivalent, but to our knowledge, only a few works have explicitly considered how hyperintensionality affects belief change. This work investigates abstract operations of hyperintensional belief change and their connection to belief change in non-classical logics, such as belief contraction operations for Horn Logics and Description Logics. Our work points to hyperintensional belief change as a general framework to unify results in belief change for non-classical logics.
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Shieh, Win-Bin, Frederick Sun, and Dar-Zen Chen. "On the Topological Representation and Compatibility of Variable Topology Mechanisms." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87205.
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Variable topology mechanisms can serve many design functions with only one mechanism through changing their topology, these mechanisms have raised broad interest and attracted many studies in recent years, yet few have consolidated the different types of these mechanisms, nor discussed them in the light of the space they operate in. This work classified the variable topology mechanisms, and presented an expression of the mechanism’s working space. Variable topology mechanisms are classified into three types, topology changed by intrinsic constraints, topology changed by joint geometry change, and topology changed by external constraints. The causes and effects of various constraints inducing a topology change are described with the operating space, compatibility characteristics of joints, loops, and working stages with the operating space are established, verifying whether joints will constraint and lock up each other. The admissible operating space for a loop interface pairs so that loops are compatible, and the requisites of different working stages being workable with each other are identified. As a result, some basic requirements for admissible variable topology mechanisms are unveiled, laying a foundation stone for systematical synthesis of variable topology mechanisms.
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Parker, Robert R., and Richard J. Malak. "Technology Characterization Models and Their Use in Designing Complex Systems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48365.
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Prior research suggests that set-based design representations can be useful for facilitating collaboration among engineers in a design project. However, existing set-based methods are limited in terms of how the sets are constructed and in their representational capability. The goal of this research is to demonstrate more general set-based design methods that are effective for characterizing and comparing competing technologies in a utility-based decision framework. To demonstrate the methods and compare their relative strengths and weaknesses, different technologies for a power plant condenser will be compared. The capabilities of different condenser technologies will be characterized in terms of sets defined over the space of common condenser attributes. It will be shown that designers can use the resulting sets to explore the space of possible condenser designs quickly and effectively. It is expected that this technique will be a useful tool for system designers to evaluate new technologies and compare them to existing ones. We compare four representational methods by measuring the solution accuracy (compared to another optimization procedure’s solution), computation time, and scalability (how results change with different data sizes). The results demonstrate that a support vector domain description-based method provides the best combination of these traits for this example.
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Hosein, Nicholas, and Soheil Ghiasi. "Wearable Sensor Selection, Motion Representation and their Effect on Exercise Classification." In 2016 IEEE First International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chase.2016.76.
Full textReports on the topic "Representational Change Theory"
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Arasu, Sibi, and Kaavya Pradeep Kumar. Ways of Telling: A Handbook for Reporting on Climate Change in South India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/wthrccsi02.2021.
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Stories around climate change are not easy to tell. They are complex, technical, and develop slowly. In newsrooms where speed is king, accurate and comprehensive reporting on environmental crises often takes a hit. Scientific rigour and accuracy, sensitive representations and consistent reportage on more slow-onset events such as drought and sea-level rise are critical to build public awareness and set the agenda for more ambitious climate policies that cater to the needs of the most vulnerable.
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Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya. Reporting in a Warming World: A Media Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/rwwmr08.2021.
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The media plays a critical role in terms of shaping public perceptions, but they have a task on their hands in terms of effectively communicating a subject as vast and complex as climate change. India is among the countries most affected and yet reporting on the subject has been episodic, with peaks around the time of climate summits and in the immediate aftermath of disasters such as cyclones, heatwaves and extreme rainfall events. Through a media review, undertaken as part of the Earth Journalism Network Asia-Pacific Media Grant, we sought to understand patterns of representation in news coverage about urban drought and extreme weather events – predicted to occur more frequently and intensely in a warming world. This report details the methodology we followed, our findings and analyses them in the context of other work done as part of the evolving field of climate change communication.
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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li, and Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.
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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Translator’s Gender in the Target Text. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4140.
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For the last three decades, the issue of translator’s gender and its representation in the target text has been actively researched in translation studies. Over the period there appeared numerous, sometimes contradicting views on markers of feminine / masculine / other types of speech, on whether the translator’s gender is revealed in the target text, and on the quality of translation depending on the translator’s gender. The present paper focuses on the translator’s gender markers in the target text. Taking into account the results of other linguists and my own observations, I consider the researched units being either definite or ambiguous markers of the translator’s gender. I want to bring to light gender differences in two Ukrainian translations (female translation by Natalia Tysovska and male translation by Viacheslav Brodovyi) of George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones. The semantic, pragmatic and stylistic shifts in the target text conditioned by the translator’s gender and gender stereotypes blur the sense of the source text. Thus, such shifts should be regarded as unwanted changes and better be avoided.
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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. The Traitor Psycholinguistic Archetype. Premier Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6051.
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Film studies have recently begun to employ Jung’s concept of archetypes prototypical characters which play the role of blueprint in constructing clear-cut characters. New typologies of archetype characters appear to reflect the changes in the constantly developing world of literature, theater, film, comics and other forms of entertainment. Among those, there is the classification of forty-five master characters by V. Schmidt , which is the basis for defining the character’s archetype in the present article. The aim of the research is to identify the elements of the psycholinguistic image of Justin Hammer in the superhero film Iron Man 2 based on the Marvel Comics and directed by Jon Favreau (2010). The task consists of three stages, namely identification of the psychological characteristics of the character, subsequent determination of Hammer’s archetype and definition of speech elements that reveal the character’s psychological image. This paper explores 92 Hammer’s turns of dialogues in the film. According to V. Schmidt’s classification, Hammer belongs to the Traitor archetype, which is a villainous representation of the Businessman archetype.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Kularatne, Dhanushka N., Subhrajit Bhattacharya, and M. Ani Hsieh. Computing Energy Optimal Paths in Time-Varying Flows. Drexel University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8b66v.
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Autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) are typically deployed for long periods of time in the ocean to monitor different physical, chemical, and biological processes. Given their limited energy budgets, it makes sense to consider motion plans that leverage the dynamics of the surrounding flow field so as to minimize energy usage for these vehicles. In this paper, we present two graph search based methods to compute energy optimal paths for AMVs in two-dimensional (2-D) time-varying flows. The novelty of the proposed algorithms lies in a unique discrete graph representation of the 3-D configuration space spanned by the spatio-temporal coordinates. This enables a more efficient traversal through the search space, as opposed to a full search of the spatio-temporal configuration space. Furthermore, the proposed strategy results in solutions that are closer to the global optimal when compared to greedy searches through the spatial coordinates alone. We demonstrate the proposed algorithms by computing optimal energy paths around the Channel Islands in the Santa Barbara bay using time-varying flow field forecasts generated by the Regional Ocean Model System. We verify the accuracy of the computed paths by comparing them with paths computed via an optimal control formulation.
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McMartin, I., M. S. Gauthier, and A. V. Page. Updated post-glacial marine limits along western Hudson Bay, central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330940.
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A digital compilation of updated postglacial marine limits was completed in the coastal regions of central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba between Churchill and Queen Maud Gulf. The compilation builds on and updates previous mapping of the marine limits at an unprecedented scale, making use of high-resolution digital elevation models, new field-based observations of the marine limit and digital compilations of supporting datasets (i.e. marine deltas and marine sediments). The updated mapping also permits a first-hand, knowledgedriven interpolation of a continuous limit of marine inundation linking the Tyrrell Sea to Arctic Ocean seawaters. The publication includes a detailed description of the mapping methods, a preliminary interpretation of the results, and a GIS scalable layout map for easy access to the various layers. These datasets and outputs provide robust constraints to reconstruct the patterns of ice retreat and for glacio-isostatic rebound models, important for the estimation of relative sea level changes and impacts on the construction of nearshore sea-transport infrastructures. They can also be used to evaluate the maximum extent of marine sediments and associated permafrost conditions that can affect land-based infrastructures, and potential secondary processes related to marine action in the surficial environment and, therefore, can enhance the interpretation of geochemical anomalies in glacial drift exploration methods. A generalized map of the maximum limit of postglacial marine inundation produced for map representation and readability also constitutes an accessible output relevant to Northerners and other users of geoscience data.
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Ferreira, Nuno, Judith Townend, William McCready, Erika Carrière, Hannah Farkas, and Samantha Robinson. Developing a cost-free legal advice service for asylum seekers and migrants in Brighton and Hove. University of Sussex Migration Law Clinic, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/wptu7861.
Full textAbstract:
In 2018, a team of University of Sussex undergraduate law students working under the supervision of academic staff, conducted the Migration Law Clinic Pilot Study. This was in response to growing and grave concerns about the lack of availability of legal support and services for those seeking asylum and other forms of leave to remain in the UK. These concerns have only heightened in the intervening period: most recently, in response to the government’s publication of a draft Bill of Rights to repeal and replace the Human Rights Act 1998, which would make it much more difficult for potential deportees to rely on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to prevent removal and might have a wider impact on the rights and status of vulnerable groups of migrants in the UK; and, among other initiatives, the government’s intention to involuntarily relocate asylum seekers to Rwanda, which will then be responsible for processing the asylum claim and for providing asylum in successful cases. The purposes of the study were: i) To better understand some of the challenges faced by asylum seekers and vulnerable migrants living in Brighton and Hove when applying for asylum, and other forms of leave to remain and leave to enter. ii) To identify the extent and reasons for any shortfall in cost-free immigration and asylum law advice and representation in Brighton and Hove. iii) To gauge whether there was demand for additional free legal advice in the form of a university law clinic, specialising in immigration and asylum law. The team undertook a review of the legal framework that governs the provision of legal aid for immigration and asylum law matters and of relevant academic commentary on its impact. The team also gathered new empirical data based on interviews with a range of local stakeholders. This report sets out the team’s findings, describes how it informed the development of the clinic, and makes recommendations both for the further development of the Clinic and for changes to the provision of legal aid. Finally, it offers advice to other universities contemplating setting up their own clinic in this area.