Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation sémantique des multimédias'
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Laborie, Sébastien. "Adaptation sémantique de documents multimédia." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284531.
Full textPour s'affranchir des langages ou formats de description multimédia, nous abstrayons les documents en une structure exprimant l'ensemble des relations entre objets du document. Les relations entre objets sont d'ordre temporel, spatial, hypermédia voire inter-dimensionnel, et peuvent être de nature qualitative. Cette structure capture la sémantique des documents car elle est capable de couvrir chacune de ses exécutions potentielles. Dans ce contexte, adapter va consister à calculer un ensemble d'exécutions le plus proche possible de ces exécutions potentielles qui satisfont les contraintes d'adaptation imposées par une plate-forme cible. À cet effet, les relations de la structure abstraite sont modifiées de sorte de satisfaire ces contraintes d'adaptation. Nous montrons, pour chaque dimension du document, comment réaliser ceci de manière réaliste.
Afin de montrer l'applicabilité d'une telle approche, nous la développons dans un cadre adapté au standard SMIL pour lequel nous déclinons les adaptations spatiales, temporelles, spatio-temporelles et hypermédia. Nous sommes amenés à développer des techniques spécifiques pour les représentations spatiales et temporelles efficaces. Nous explorons aussi des approches impliquant la suppression d'objets.
Laborie, Sébastien. "Adaptation sémantique de documents multimédia." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10053.
Full textA multimedia document combines text, image, sound and video technologies. Currently, multimedia documents may have to be executed on multiple devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, desktop computers, set-top boxes, etc. Hence, usage and platform diversity requires document adaptation according to execution contexts, sometimes unpredictable at design time. We propose to abstract from format specific details by defining a structure which expresses a set of multimedia objects and the relations between them. These relations can be described qualitatively and may be temporal, spatial, hypermedia and spatio-temporal-hypermedia. This document abstraction captures document semantics because it is able to cover all the potential executions of the document. In this context, adapting amounts to find a set of executions as close as possible to potential ones which satisfy adaptation contraints imposed by the target device. For that purpose, the relations contained in the document abstraction are modified in order to satisfy these adaptation constraints. We show how to achieve this convincingly on all the document dimensions. In order to show the applicability of our framework, we implement a prototype which adapts the temporal, spatial and hypermedia dimensions of SMIL documents. We develop specific efficient techniques for the temporal and spatial representations. Moreover, we explored other approaches such as considering multimedia object deletion
Azough, Ahmed. "Modèle sémantique de la vidéo pour la description, la détection et la recherche des événements visuels." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10055.
Full textThis thesis is about to explore the use of tools to support semantics of data in the field of multimedia. The first contribution concerns the generation of high-level descriptions. We propose a description language that allows high-level definition of events and objects from low-level features. The second contribution is the exploration of certain types of uncertainty reasoning in the context of multimedia semantics. We propose a semantic language (based on fuzzy conceptual graphs) for descriptions of videos and define mechanisms underlying reasoning. The third contribution relates to the semantic indexing and retrieval in multimedia databases. We propose a query language from deductive databases for the expression of spatiotemporal and semantic queries
Francis, Danny. "Représentations sémantiques d'images et de vidéos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS605.
Full textRecent research in Deep Learning has sent the quality of results in multimedia tasks rocketing: thanks to new big datasets of annotated images and videos, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have outperformed other models in most cases. In this thesis, we aim at developing DNN models for automatically deriving semantic representations of images and videos. In particular we focus on two main tasks : vision-text matching and image/video automatic captioning. Addressing the matching task can be done by comparing visual objects and texts in a visual space, a textual space or a multimodal space. Based on recent works on capsule networks, we define two novel models to address the vision-text matching problem: Recurrent Capsule Networks and Gated Recurrent Capsules. In image and video captioning, we have to tackle a challenging task where a visual object has to be analyzed, and translated into a textual description in natural language. For that purpose, we propose two novel curriculum learning methods. Moreover regarding video captioning, analyzing videos requires not only to parse still images, but also to draw correspondences through time. We propose a novel Learned Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Pooling method for video captioning that combines spatial and temporal analysis. Extensive experiments on standard datasets assess the interest of our models and methods with respect to existing works
Harrando, Ismail. "Representation, information extraction, and summarization for automatic multimedia understanding." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS097.
Full textWhether on TV or on the internet, video content production is seeing an unprecedented rise. Not only is video the dominant medium for entertainment purposes, but it is also reckoned to be the future of education, information and leisure. Nevertheless, the traditional paradigm for multimedia management proves to be incapable of keeping pace with the scale brought about by the sheer volume of content created every day across the disparate distribution channels. Thus, routine tasks like archiving, editing, content organization and retrieval by multimedia creators become prohibitively costly. On the user side, too, the amount of multimedia content pumped daily can be simply overwhelming; the need for shorter and more personalized content has never been more pronounced. To advance the state of the art on both fronts, a certain level of multimedia understanding has to be achieved by our computers. In this research thesis, we aim to go about the multiple challenges facing automatic media content processing and analysis, mainly gearing our exploration to three axes: 1. Representing multimedia: With all its richness and variety, modeling and representing multimedia content can be a challenge in itself. 2. Describing multimedia: The textual component of multimedia can be capitalized on to generate high-level descriptors, or annotations, for the content at hand. 3. Summarizing multimedia: we investigate the possibility of extracting highlights from media content, both for narrative-focused summarization and for maximising memorability
Viana, de Carvalho Windson. "Mobilité et sensibilité au contexte pour la gestion de documents multimédias personnels : CoMMediA." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM006.
Full textContext-awareness qualifies computing systems which seek to adapt their overall behavior to a set of information, called the context of use. In spite of their heterogeneity, the continuous evolution of mobile devices (MD) towards multipurpose, multi-sensors,a nd Web-enabled devices, transforms them into the ideal environment for context-aware applications. MDs are becoming, thanks to their popularity, the main tool for creating personal multimedia documents (PMD). In this new scenario, high level context information can also play an important role. In fact, information related to the context in which the document was capture or created can offer information rich enough to describe, and, thereafter, identify such documents. This work addresses the intersection of two research domains : Context-aware Computing and Multimedia Management. Context-awareness in the management of PMD is a new research approach, where the proposition of semantic models for representing contextual information and of mechanisms for acquiring and exploiting the high-level information are still unsolved problems. We propose a new context-aware architecture for the management of PMD called CoMMediA (Context-aware Mobile Multimedia Architecture) which is inspired by frameworks oriented to the adaptation of Mobile Information Systems. Our contributions consists of : I) a semantic model for representing multimedia metadata (Context Multimedia), described in OWL and following a new notion of context, II) an adaptative middleware for context acquisition and multimedia creation (called DevAC), which takes into account the heterogeneity and the intrinsic limitations of MDs during the deployment of mobile applications, and III) a platform that enriches contextual metadata (ContextAnnotator). Our objective is to promote the automatic production of metadata, and also to propose mechanisms for the integrating this high-level and semantic metadata in the processes of organization, annotation, sharing, and keyword-based retrieval of DMP. Moreover, DevAC and our mobile applications of DMP management are based on a component middleware and a semantic description of services. The ultimate goal is to assist developers in the development and deployment of multimedia and context-aware applications which can be adapted according to the models of users' MDs, without the need to rewrite their code
Guerry, Michèle. "La représentation sémantique des verbes d'attitude propositionnelle." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5022.
Full textThe object of this research is to study the semantic representation of some epistemic modality markers; i. E. Mental verbs. It aims at: 1) characterizing the main dimensions of the semantic field of those verbs, 2) assessing the psychological relevance of a mental model partitioned into spaces and integrating the "belief spaces". A first set of tests (classification according to the similarity principle, assessment of the degree of certainty and probability), makes it possible to bring forth two main aspects: - the first concerns the degree of certainty of the speakers's utterance, - the second one concerns the source of the assertion. Besides, the results of the experiments show that, even though the relative degree of certainty associated with the various mental verbs constitutes a relatively stable scale, its absolute value is sensitive to "contextual" parameters linked to the source of the assertion. A second group of tests (valuation of recognition times) shows a functional difference between various representation sets (reality space of the speaker, "belief space" of another speaker). Moreover, a variation in the recognition timess depending on the degree of probability endorsed by the verb, can be noted within a "belief space" attributed to another speaker. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed with relation to the different models of semantic representation
Midouni, Sid Ahmed Djallal. "Une approche orientée service pour la recherche sémantique de contenus multimédias." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI056/document.
Full textMultimedia data sources from various fields (medical, tourism, trade, art and culture, etc.) became essential on the web. Accessing to multimedia data in distributed systems poses new challenges due to many system parameters: volume, diversity of interfaces, representation format, location, etc. In addition, the growing needs of users and applications to incorporate semantics in the information retrieval pose new issues. To take into account this new complexity, we are interested in our research of data integration solutions based on web services. In this thesis, we propose an approach-oriented service for the semantic search of multimedia content. We called this approach SeSaM (Semantic Search of Multimedia content). SeSaM is based on the definition of a new pattern of services to access multimedia content, which is the MaaS services (Multimedia as a Services). It is based on a two-phase process: description and discovery of MaaS services. As for the MaaS services description, we have defined the SA4MaaS language (Semantic Annotation for MaaS services), which is an extension of SAWSDL (W3C recommendation). The main idea of this language is the integration, in addition to business domain semantic, of multimedia information semantics in the MaaS services description. As for the MaaS service discovery, we have proposed a new matchmaker MaaS-MX (MaaS services Matchmaker) adapted to the MaaS services description model. MaaS-MX is composed of two essential steps: domain matching and multimedia matching. Domain matching consists in comparing the business domain description of MaaS services and the query, whereas multimedia matching compares the multimedia description of MaaS services and the query. The approach has been implemented and evaluated in two different domains: medical and tourism. The results indicate that using both domain and multimedia matching considerably improves the performance of multimedia data retrieving systems
Ralalason, Bachelin. "Représentation multi-facette des documents pour leur accès sémantique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550650.
Full textPop, Sebastian. "La représentation SSA : sémantique, analyses et implémentation dans GCC." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002281.
Full textAmdouni, Emna. "Représentation sémantique des biomarqueurs d’imagerie dans le domaine médical." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S124/document.
Full textIn personalized medicine, radiological measurements and observations play an important role; in particular they help clinicians in making their diagnosis, selecting the appropriate treatment and monitoring the therapeutic response to an intervention as for example the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Many radiology-pathology correlation studies show that quantitative and qualitative imaging features are associated to genetic alterations and gene expression. Therefore, suitable management of imaging phenotypes is needed to facilitate their use and reuse in multiple studies regarding radiological measurements. In litterature, radiological measurements that characterize biological processes of imaged subjects are called imaging biomarkers. The main objective of this thesis is to propose an ontological conceptualisation of imaging biomarkers to make their meaning explicit and formal, improve structured reporting of images. The first part of the thesis presents a generic ontology that defines basic aspects of the imaging biomarker concept, namely; measured biological characteristic, measurement protocols and role in decision making application. The second part of the thesis adresses important semantic modeling challenges related to the description of neuro-imaging data using existing biomedical knowledge, as well as it proposes some “relevant” solutions to the most typical situations that need to be modeled in glioblastoma
Samrouth, Khouloud. "Représentation et compression à haut niveau sémantique d’images 3D." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0025/document.
Full textDissemination of multimedia data, in particular the images, continues to grow very significantly. Therefore, developing effective image coding schemes remains a very active research area. Today, one of the most innovative technologies in this area is the 3D technology. This 3D technology is widely used in many domains such as entertainment, medical imaging, education and very recently in criminal investigations. There are different ways of representing 3D information. One of the most common representations, is to associate a depth image to a classic colour image called texture. This joint representation allows a good 3D reconstruction, as the two images are well correlated, especially along the contours of the depth image. Therefore, in comparison with conventional 2D images, knowledge of the depth of field for 3D images provides an important semantic information about the composition of the scene. In this thesis, we propose a scalable 3D image coding scheme for 2D + depth representation with advanced functionalities, which preserves all the semantics present in the images, while maintaining a significant coding efficiency. The concept of preserving the semantics can be translated in terms of features such as an automatic extraction of regions of interest, the ability to encode the regions of interest with higher quality than the background, the post-production of the scene and the indexing. Thus, firstly we introduce a joint and scalable 2D plus depth coding scheme. First, texture is coded jointly with depth at low resolution, and a method of depth data compression well suited to the characteristics of the depth maps is proposed. This method exploits the strong correlation between the depth map and the texture to better encode the depth map. Then, a high resolution coding scheme is proposed in order to refine the texture quality. Next, we present a global fine representation and contentbased coding scheme. Therefore, we propose a representation and coding scheme based on "Depth of Interest", called "3D Autofocus". It consists in a fine extraction of objects, while preserving the contours in the depth map, and it allows to automatically focus on a particular depth zone, for a high rendering quality. Finally, we propose 3D image segmentation, providing a high consistency between colour, depth and regions of the scene. Based on a joint exploitation of the colour and depth information, this algorithm allows the segmentation of the scene with a level of granularity depending on the intended application. Based on such representation of the scene, it is possible to simply apply the same previous 3D Autofocus, for Depth of Interest extraction and coding. It is remarkable that both approaches ensure a high spatial coherence between texture, depth, and regions, allowing to minimize the distortions along object of interest's contours and then a higher quality in the synthesized views
Linard, Alban. "Sémantique paramétrable des diagrammes de décision : une démarche vers l'unification." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066655.
Full textLajmi, Sonia. "Annotation et recherche contextuelle des documents multimédias socio-personnels." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668689.
Full textSokhn, Maria. "Plateforme de recherche d'information multimedia guidée par une ontologie dans une architecture paire à paire." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00678039.
Full textDuring the last decade we have witnessed an exponential growth of digital documents and multimedia resources, including a vast amount of video resources. Videos are becoming one of the most popular media thanks to the rich audio, visual and textual content they may convey. The recent technological advances have made this large amount of multimedia resources available to users in a variety of areas, including the academic and scientific realms. However, without adequate techniques for effective content based multimedia retrieval, this large and valuable body of data is barely accessible and remains in effect unusable. This thesis explores semantic approaches to content based management browsing and visualization of the multimedia resources generated for and during scientific conferences. Indeed, a so-called semantic gap exists between the explicit knowledge representation required by users who search the multimedia resources and the implicit knowledge conveyed within a conference life cycle. The aim of this work is to provide users with an integrated framework that enhances the conference multimedia information retrieval by bridging this semantic gap. The goal of this thesis is to provide a novel approach for content based multimedia retrieval in the domain of scientific conferences
Tremblay, Diane. "Représentation sémantique et syntaxique de termes dans les dictionnaires électroniques." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA080009.
Full textThis study deals with the representation of semantic marks in an electronic dictionary and with the use of syntactic structures to organize these dictionaries. It contains three parts : (1) the construction of matrices made up of morpho-semantic information connected to the substantives of the dictionary of simple nouns (delas) of the laboratoire d'automatique documentaire et de linguistique de paris 7. To every noun of the dictionary, we assigned the marks human ("+" or "-"), non-human ("+" or "-"), profession ("+" or "-"). The problems related to the introduction of these marks are discussed ; (2) an analysis of a lexicon of a domain of nuclear energy. This analysis is followed by a delailled study of the variations of compound nouns (determiners of nouns and plural of terms). In conjunction with this analysis, we built a lexicon of terms in the field of insurance from texts of this domain ; (3) appendices giving the format in which a lexicon of significative size enters in an electronic dictionary and illustrating in matrices, the introduction of morphological (flexion of nouns) and semantic (the markers human, non-human and profession) marks
Gaillard, Raphaël. "Représentation sémantique inconsciente et valence émotionnelle : approche neurophysiologique et comportementale." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066433.
Full textIksal, Sébastien. "Spécification déclarative et composition sémantique pour des documents virtuels personnalisables." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0144.
Full textThe Adaptive Virtual Document is a very convenient approach to adapt, reuse and automate information access on the Web. An AVD creates a real document on the fly with informations coming from various sources and according to user’s needs. Every users are not concerned by the same information, they don’t have the same objectives, experience, background and knowledge. All theses user’s features are represented in a user model. We propose a new approach for AVD in two parts. First, an author creates a generic document which is a declarative specification for the processes of selection, organization and adaptation, this author oriented specification increases the semantic coherence of a document. Next, the system composes on the fly an hypermedia from this generic document and according to a particular reader. This approach is based on four ontologies. Our approach is based on the reusability of information on the Web, and it was thought in order to be reusable in different contexts
Deuff, Dominique. "Structuration et représentation de contenus multimédias pour une applications dans le domaine de l'éducation." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000208.
Full textDeuff, Dominique. "Structuration et représentation de contenus multimédias pour une application dans le domaine de l'éducation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000208.
Full textEl, Sayad Ismail. "Une représentation visuelle avancée pour l'apprentissage sémantique dans les bases d'images." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666531.
Full textDelteil, Alexandre. "Représentation et apprentissage de concepts et d'ontologies pour le web sémantique." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5786.
Full textJamin, Emmanuel. "La conception de documents audiovisuels : vers l'extraction sémantique et la réécriture interactive des archives multimédias." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112215.
Full textDigitalization of audio-visual documents (DAV) improves storage techniques, which boosts innovating uses of DAV exploitation. Thus, our aim is enrich the activities of audio-visual writing based on the re-use of video fragments. After an analysis of documentary practices, we formalized the task of "multi-media read-writing" by adapting cognitive models of writing. This task brings into play the originator and the reader in a double narrative/discursive fitting, where everyone interprets the informational matter which is being presented. Within this relation, the document acts like a vector of communication and even of interaction. Therefore, we formalized a multi-media model for audio-visual design that supports MPEG7 standardization; we are talking about the "Interactive Scenario" (ScoI). ScoI is a virtual document and a suitable pool for the integration of heterogeneous fragments. This model integrates knowledge on the media, on the design’s process and on the contents access methods. The scenario is instrumented on a multimedia writing interactive system which is connected to a search system for contextualized multimedia information. We thus adapted a method of information search in order to extract multimedia fragments from a corpus of semi-structured documents and considered a recombination. A dynamic human-computer interaction process directs and assists the choices of the author in the construction of the document to be produced, or target document
Madani, Nacéra. "Etude de l'héritage des propriétés dans les réseaux sémantiques : Notion de réseau d'héritage légal." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132016.
Full textCourdier, Rémy. "Représentation des connaissances pour les diagnostics de dysfonctionnements de systèmes intégrés de production." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4638.
Full textMarquez, Eduardo. "Catégorisation, activation et amorçage sémantique : une étude expérimentale." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112144.
Full textIn this work we are examining the cognitive organization of 18 categories and the processus that manipulate these internal representations particular we are studying the memory mechanisms that define the phenomenon semantic priming. We consider the correlation of typicality, frequency and familiarity as a factor which describes the conceptual organisation of these categories. To explain the fact we propose the concepts of levels of representativity and categorial equivalence. The predictive force of these notions (difference in response times) will empirically demonstrated in the framework of semantic priming. We will then study mechanisms of semantic priming : first we interpret the corresponding patterns experimental data as being the operations wich underlie the automatic activation mechanism and the intentional semantic strategy. These components are the theoretic bases of the facilitation and interference effects. Therefore through a top-down and bottom-up semantic priming we are testing our hypotheses on the conceptual representativity of semantic categories. We demonstrate the asymmetric nature of hierarchical structure of concepts
Maghrebi, Hanène. "La représentation des informations multimédias à partir des besoins informationnels des utilisateurs : approche d'intelligence économique." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21001.
Full textIn order to facilitate user’ access to multimedia information, we think it necessary, in the first place, to study the specificity of multimedia information (as information retrieval object) through the optics of information and communication sciences theories. Secondly, our reflections center on user’ information needs. We were able, through field survey, to determine a topology of users’ multimedia information need. Consequently, we propose a multimedia information representation model tagged CO-MIR (Contextual Multimedia Information Representation Model) based on user’ information need with emphasis on multimedia information use context. Indeed, the present approaches for representing multimedia information are limited to document and its content hence the representation attributes being used concern only these two dimensions. We propose to integrate information need into information representation by using attributes relative to user and context of use of search result. Reflection on decision-making situations made us to propose two categories context of use: (1) those that are identifiable before developing the Information Retrieval System (IRS) and (2) those that are expressed and added by users, in the course of use of the system. The prototype CO-Admire (Contextual Multimedia Information Retrieval Model) instantiating the CO-MIR model is a multimedia information retrieval system that allows annotation and knowledge sharing. This prototype provides the following functionalities: exploration, querying, analysis and annotation of the multimedia information base, annotation base and knowledge base. CO-MIR model and CO-Admire are designed and developed to provide cognitive support for users in the course of resolving decision-making and information problem. These two constitute our major research contributions
Revault, d'Allonnes Adrien. "Evaluation sémantique d'informations symboliques : la cotation." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066395.
Full textBourgois, Laure. "Représentation et comparaison de Web services complexes avec des logiques dynamiques." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132012.
Full textGrandemange, Philippe. "Représentation des connaissances et profondeur variable : une implantation." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132008.
Full textGrand, Anaïs. "Représentation sémantique des phénotypes : métamodèle et ontologies pour les caractères taxonomiques et phylogénétiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0008.
Full textIntegrative taxonomy is an essential approach to facilitate the explicit study of characters. Characters are at the heart of the taxonomist���s tasks: discovering, describing, naming, comparing, characterizing new taxa, classifying them according to their phylogenetic relationships, studying their history, diversity and distributions. My work provides a formal and semantic framework for the integration of characters across studies. I use the logical tool, defined by the semantic conception of scientific theories, which makes explicit the objects, relationships and constraints of a domain; that is, a model. This approach bridges the philosophy of sciences with computer science that promotes the development of semantic tools called ontologies for the interchange of data and collaborative work. I emphasize the link among taxonomic characters and bio-ontologies (such as Plant Ontology). Beyond a semantic annotation of characters with the content of bio-ontologies, I rather suggest a semantic representation of characters with a metamodel that can be superimposed over existing ontologies and their models so as to discipline their relations and favor their integration. Data mining and automated reasoning may assist taxonomists in their work. Practical experiments are illustrated with the study of fossil ferns. I suggest directions for a future superimposition of the metamodel to the models of knowledge implemented in the programs Xper2 (for descriptions) and LisBeth (for phylogenetics)
Diemert, Benjamin. "Description sémantique de documents audiovisuels structurés." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2064.
Full textOur research deals with audiovisual document modeling as well as knowledge associated with it along its production process. The advent of digital and User-Generated content has induced a greater reuse of document fragments, often in a totally different perspective from their original creation context. An ontology of those fragments could provide through a controlled indexing an autonomous management of their production and reuse, even in mixed production (amateur-professionnal). Ta this end, we have developed a conceptual model which makes it possible to track the evolution of each audiovisual document fragment along its production chain. A core ontology has been created in order to represent the progress of a production project, as well as describe the audiovisual fragment in the way of a shooting script (composition, framing) which also refers to filmed elements such as persons, objects, locations. A semantic script representation enables thus the order of a shooting (specification) from a third party (amateur, professional), but also the description of existing fragments or materials, giving the opportunity to assess the conformity of a shot with its original specification. Our ontology also incorporates a documentation (term, definition, illustration) which allows us to adapt the knowledge expression (a shot specification for instance) depending on a context of access (task, user) and thus eases knowledge exchange between the contributors on the production chain. We have experimented the use of our ontology in software applications, as part of the european project MediaMap, and covering all the production chain (scripting, production, post-indexing, search)
Dufour, Frank. "Les enjeux de la numérisation des objets temporels." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082467.
Full textThe designation of temporel objects is that of creations inscribed within time-based media. The objective of this dissertation is the study of the technological and aesthetic consequences of the digitizing of systems that treat and represent time and that are constructed by audiovisual media. Time is referred to, not only as the vector and support of audiovisual representation, but also as their objet. This reference renders necessary to first ask the philosophical question concerning even the possibility of representing time. Systems of time deducted from this investigation were then considered through narrative, musical and cinematographical processes. This production is therefore confronted with modifications induced by digitizing and computing of information. The final section dedicated to the digitizing of audiovisual techniques demonstrates the new composition between two temporal modes : synchronicity and diachronicity
Uzan, Pierre. "Vers une logique du temps sémantique : irréversibilité, mesure-quantique et processus de la représentation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010561.
Full textIrreversibility is not an intrinsic property of the "objects" but is answerable to a theory of knowledge. So it cannot be expressed in the realistic conception of linear time wich underlies the whole physics, conception according to wich the "past" and the "future" are interchangeables. Irreversibility can only be legalised in a conception of relationnel time constituing the actual expression of the inter-subjective process of representation. Considering, after the analyses of bohr, the quantum measurement operation as a paradigm of semantic act, we work out a theory of "quantum" time defined as the process of recording and processing, by the inter-subjective "memory" of the impersonal observer, of the "information" obtained by measures. In the arborescent models of the theory of quantum time where the temporal order relation is defined from the partial order on the ensemble of memory states,(the "instants" of the quantum time), the irreversibility can then find its expression: on the one hand, owing to the anisotropy of its models; on the other hand, because a complete estimate of the infomation quantities which are necessary to predict the evolution of a phenomenon is possible. Futhermore, the notion of "measure of time" can find its full meaning: the "characteristic duration" of a phenomenon can be explained universally with that of information quantity. Lastly, we propound a generalisation of this theory: the semantic acts are modelised as "speaking acts" realised on an hypothetical universal "language" of humain significans; and our symbolic universe is modelised as a "text" written with the same "language". A "de-anthropisation" of the process of representation is also proposed. We outline a theory of semantic time as the general process of representation. That is the process of the co-birth of the subject, without empirical content and formally conceived as the ensemble of the conditions of possibility to "know", and of the meaning, of wich the state is modelised as an universal "text" written with an archetypal "langage"
Cloutier, Pierre. "Rôle des lobes pariétaux dans la représentation et l'organisation des informations en mémoire sémantique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4754/1/000638611.pdf.
Full textMary, Melissa. "Intéropérabilité sémantique dans le domaine du diagnostic in vitro : Représentation des Connaissances et Alignement." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR033.
Full textThe centralization of patient data in different digital repositories raises issues of interoperability with the different medical information systems, such as those used in clinics, pharmacies or in medical laboratories. The public health authorities, charged with developing and implementing these repositories, recommend the use of standards to structure (syntax) and encode (semantic) health information. For data from in vitro diagnostics (IVD) two standards are recommended: - the LOINC® terminology (Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes) to represent laboratory tests;- the SNOMED CT® ontology (Systematized Nomenclature Of MEDicine Clinical Terms) to express the observed results.This thesis focuses on the semantic interoperability problems in clinical microbiology with two major axes: How can an IVD Knowledge Organization System be aligned with SNOMED CT®? To answer this, I opted for the development of alignment methodologies adapted to the in vitro diagnostic data rather than proposing a specific method for the SNOMED CT®. The common alignment methods are evaluated on a gold standard alignment between LOINC® and SNOMED CT®. Themost appropriate are implemented in an R library which serves as a starting point to create new alignments at bioMérieux.What are the advantages and limits of a formal representation of DIV knowledge? To answer this, I looked into the formalization of the couple ‘test-result’ (observation) in a laboratory report. I proposed a logical formalization to represent the LOINC® terminology and I demonstrated the advantages of an ontological representation to sort and query laboratory tests. As a second step, I formalized an observation pattern compatible with the SNOMED CT® ontology and aligned onthe concept of the top-ontology BioTopLite2. Finally, the observation pattern was evaluated in order to be used within clinical microbiology expert systems. To resume, my thesis addresses some issues on IVD patient data share and reuse. At present, the problems of semantic interoperability and knowledge formalization in the field of in vitro diagnostics hampers the development of expert systems. My research has enabled some of the obstacles to be raised and could be used in new intelligent clinical microbiology systems, for example in order to be able to monitor the emergence of multi resistant bacteria and consequently adapt antibiotic therapies
Benayoun, Jean-Michel. "L' opération [Ø + N] dans le cadre d'une étude sémantique et syntaxique." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030145.
Full textTo account for the [Ø + N] operation, as attested in French and English corpora, implies the prior analysis of the manifestation of [Ø], a phonologically empty sign. This in turn implies examining the value of [N] and their semantic variation when influenced by the presence of [Ø]. This study will resort to appropriate paradigms to find indications of the speaker's enunciative choice. [Ø] is never the outcome of "linguistic chance". [Ø + N] acquires meaning and sense from speech and discourse. [Ø] therefore takes its values from the text itself. It cannot be seen as a "crystallised" marker, the operation of which is always defined and determined. .
Au, Émilie. "Intégration de la sémantique dans la représentation de documents par les arbres de dépendances syntaxiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4938.
Full textDeboës, Edwige. "Analyse sémantique des verbes français : aperçu d'une représentation du sens par des structures logico-sémantiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/deboes_e.
Full textThis work deals with semantic analysis of French verbs through the"metalinguistic functions" that represent them. Verbs are characterised by their predicative role in the selection and determination of arguments. Depending on the type of argumental relationship that they bring about, it is possible to categorise different verbal senses and their environment into various "aspects" with the "actantial structures" that are specific to them. It is from this point of view that the "Dictionnaire sémantique et syntaxique des verbes français" (The Semantic and Syntaxic Dictionary of French Verbs) represents each verbal sense by means of a logico-semantic structure composed of deep predicates. Deep predicates designate aspectual and actantal characteristics of a sense when the sense is paced within a "situation" as part of a "process". Regrouping similar locico-semantic structures, however, breaks up the aspectual type originally attributed to such processes. The deep predicates do not correspond to "primitive" conceptions and take on polysemic characteristics. From this polysemy, we then try to comprehend the "different types of process" that vehicle elementary semantico-conceptual operations. Each type of process can have a primitive metalinguistic operator which may represent the semantic-syntaxic function of the process whilst simultaneously recounting the notion that underlies it. Far from reaching a systemic approach to these operators, we try to understand the metalinguistic or conceptual mechanisms that subsume the semantic functions of verbs
Herradi, Noura. "Représentation sémantique multilingue, multiculturelle et temporelle des relations interpersonnelles, appliquée à une prothèse de mémoire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1205/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a knowledge base for a "smart" memory prosthesis, called CaptainMemo, which aims to help Alzheimer's patients to overcome their memory impairments. This knowledge base is built over the temporal, multicultural and multilingual PersonLink ontology. This ontology gives the memory prosthesis a rigorous, multilingual and temporal semantic representation of interpersonal relationships. The PersonLink ontology is dereferenceable and available in the Linked Data. Multilingualism and temporal representation are two major research topics in computer science and in the Semantic Web in particular.Multilingualism applied to the representation of interpersonal relationships requires specific treatment because it is linked to multiculturalism. In addition, the transition from one culture / language to another is a major research problem. Indeed, literal translation is not always allowed, especially when it comes to interpersonal relationships, because they are culturally dependent. In this context, we propose an approach allowing the representation of ontologies in several cultures / languages. This approach, based on a translation algorithm, allows the transition from one culture / language to another by making a cultural translation rather than a literal one. Thus, by adopting this approach, our PersonLink ontology allows an exact representation of interpersonal relationships, because it takes into consideration the cultural aspect for the definition of each relationship, and assigns the appropriate term according to the language related to this culture. Interpersonal relationships are governed by rules and constraints that define them according to each culture, these constraints are represented semantically in the PersonLink ontology using OWL2. However, it is difficult to consider these constraints when introducing the temporal dimension to represent the time intervals of these interpersonal relationships, especially when these are diachronic and their time intervals are qualitative. Indeed, the legacy models and solutions make it possible to make a temporal representation of the time intervals (e.g. 4D-Fluents), and to link between these time intervals (e.g. Allen Relations), but do not take into account the semantics constraints of interpersonal relationships. In this context, we propose an approach that allows a semantic representation, based on OWL2 constraints, for the representation of qualitative time intervals. Finally, to deal with the intelligence of the CaptainMemo memory prosthesis, we propose an approach for reasoning over time intervals. In this approach we introduce a set of SWRL rules to assert inferred temporal Allen relationships, allowing reasoners, such as Pellet that supports DL-Safe rules, to be used for the inference and the verification of consistency over the temporal relationships between different time intervals. Thus, the table of compositions of the relations between time intervals has been considerably reduced, since it is based on a tractable set of these relations, and, consequently, the processing time of the reasoning becomes shorter
Herradi, Noura. "Représentation sémantique multilingue, multiculturelle et temporelle des relations interpersonnelles, appliquée à une prothèse de mémoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1205.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a knowledge base for a "smart" memory prosthesis, called CaptainMemo, which aims to help Alzheimer's patients to overcome their memory impairments. This knowledge base is built over the temporal, multicultural and multilingual PersonLink ontology. This ontology gives the memory prosthesis a rigorous, multilingual and temporal semantic representation of interpersonal relationships. The PersonLink ontology is dereferenceable and available in the Linked Data. Multilingualism and temporal representation are two major research topics in computer science and in the Semantic Web in particular.Multilingualism applied to the representation of interpersonal relationships requires specific treatment because it is linked to multiculturalism. In addition, the transition from one culture / language to another is a major research problem. Indeed, literal translation is not always allowed, especially when it comes to interpersonal relationships, because they are culturally dependent. In this context, we propose an approach allowing the representation of ontologies in several cultures / languages. This approach, based on a translation algorithm, allows the transition from one culture / language to another by making a cultural translation rather than a literal one. Thus, by adopting this approach, our PersonLink ontology allows an exact representation of interpersonal relationships, because it takes into consideration the cultural aspect for the definition of each relationship, and assigns the appropriate term according to the language related to this culture. Interpersonal relationships are governed by rules and constraints that define them according to each culture, these constraints are represented semantically in the PersonLink ontology using OWL2. However, it is difficult to consider these constraints when introducing the temporal dimension to represent the time intervals of these interpersonal relationships, especially when these are diachronic and their time intervals are qualitative. Indeed, the legacy models and solutions make it possible to make a temporal representation of the time intervals (e.g. 4D-Fluents), and to link between these time intervals (e.g. Allen Relations), but do not take into account the semantics constraints of interpersonal relationships. In this context, we propose an approach that allows a semantic representation, based on OWL2 constraints, for the representation of qualitative time intervals. Finally, to deal with the intelligence of the CaptainMemo memory prosthesis, we propose an approach for reasoning over time intervals. In this approach we introduce a set of SWRL rules to assert inferred temporal Allen relationships, allowing reasoners, such as Pellet that supports DL-Safe rules, to be used for the inference and the verification of consistency over the temporal relationships between different time intervals. Thus, the table of compositions of the relations between time intervals has been considerably reduced, since it is based on a tractable set of these relations, and, consequently, the processing time of the reasoning becomes shorter
Lefrançois, Maxime. "Représentation des connaissances sémantiques lexicales de la Théorie Sens-Texte : conceptualisation, représentation, et opérationnalisation des définitions lexicographiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071945.
Full textDuvert, Frédéric. "Composition sémantique pour la langue orale." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609520.
Full textD'Aquin, Mathieu. "Un portail sémantique pour la gestion des connaissances en cancérologie." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011698.
Full textPerron, Laurent. "Prise en compte de l'utilisateur pour la représentation des connaissances dans un système de mémoire d'entreprise." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39005.
Full textLe, Bohec Olivier. "Effets des niveaux de redondance verbale sur l'apprentissage multimédia." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20059.
Full textIn a multimedia teaching document, the use of the two modalities (visual and auditory) is generally thought to be more effective than the employment of a single modality. Here, we want to know what is the effect of verbal redundancy on the cognitive and connotative processes that are involved in the learning process. In nine experiments, the various contextual parameters - number of sources of information, number of presentations, note-taking, colour-coding, expertise modify the redundancy effect and suggest to us that we should be cautious with regard to the transferable nature of our experimental results. However, the partial redundancy seems to be, through many studies, an effective and appreciate formatGenerally speaking, many more studies need to be conducted in order to identify clearly and precisely the general scope of the redundancy effect
Fournier-Viger, Philippe. "Un modèle de représentation des connaissances à trois niveaux de sémantique pour les systèmes tutoriels intelligents." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4684.
Full textMechouche, Ammar. "Représentation et partage de connaissances en neuroanatomie : application à l'annotation sémantique des images IRM du cerveau." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B123.
Full textIn the context of biomedical Semantic Web, this thesis adresses two problems : the first one concerns knowledge modeling and sharing in the neuroimaging domain, and the second one concerns the interpretation and the semantic annotation of the human brain anatomical images. Hence, the thesis proposes an ontology of the human adult cerebral cortex, and its use in the semantic annotation of anatomical structures corresponding to parts of gyri and of sulci, extracted from regions of interest selected by the user on brain MRI images
Aquin, Mathieu d'. "Un portail sémantique pour la gestion des connaissances en cancérologie." Nancy 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011698.
Full textThis thesis presents the building of a semantic portal for knowledge management in oncology. OWL is used for representing the knowledge contained in medical decision protocols. The inferences associated with OWL are applied to decision support for protocol application. But the knowledge contained in the protocols don't take into account all the possible situations and needs to be adapted for particular cases. We propose an extension of OWL in order to allow the representation of adaptation knowledge and to implement a case-based reasoning (CBR) mechanism integrated to the semantic Web infrastructure. Furthermore, in complex domains like oncology, there exist multiple viewpoints on the knowledge. We use the C-OWL language to establish a multiple viewpoint representation of the protocols. On this basis, a decentralized CBR mechanism is defined. It exploits the viewpoints to distribute CBR in several processes. The relations existing between viewpoints are then used for collaboration between these processes. Multiple viewpoint representation has shown contributions concerning knowledge engineering, the building of the CBR mechanism and the scalability of reasoning mechanisms for the semantic Web
Enguehard, Chantal. "Acquisition naturelle automatique d'un réseau sémantique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD527.
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