Journal articles on the topic 'Representation of military architecture'
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NIKONENKO, Sergey. "Representations of Antique Arms and Armour in the Architectural decor of St. Petersburg." Historia i Świat 6 (September 14, 2017): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2017.06.25.
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The matter of the article is the representation of ancient arms and armour in Saint Petetrburg’s architecture. Classisism style (1770-1840) and New Classicism style (1905-1915) are studied. The main point of the article is the representation of helmets in military décor. The article contains: 1. Typology of ancient military décor; 2. The full list of buildings with ancient military décor of Saint Petersburg; 3. Examples of ancient helmets in military décor of Saint Petersburg; 4. Aesthetical Analysis of the art, symbolic and ideological reasons for using ancient military décor in Saint Petersburg’s buildings; 5. The attempt to prove that archaic helmets are the most frequent kind of Saint Petersburg’s military décor; 6. The attempt to prove that Russian architects and sculptors did not copy ancient helmets and other arms but they created new samples according to the canons of Classicism art.
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Xiao, Jing, and Charlie Q. L. Xue. "Victoria Barracks of Disappearance: Contested Post-Military Landscape in High-Density Urban Hong Kong." Open House International 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2019-b0010.
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This research paper examines the post-military landscape of the Victoria Barracks regarding the high-density urbanism in Hong Kong from the 1970s to the 2000s. The article first interprets the concept of post-military landscape according to the ideology and urbanism of the then Hong Kong society. It then studies three plans of the Victoria Barracks of different stages, showing contestations between domestic, commercial and administrative powers in controlling the military redevelopment. Several contemporary architectural projects on the site will also provide an alternative view of the transformation according to the local economic laissez-faire policy. Its influence to the unsatisfactory heritage protection leads to the disappearance and false representation of the identity of this particular military and cultural heritage.
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Alonso-Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel, and José Calvo-López. "Prospettiva Soldatesca: An Empirical Approach to the Representation of Military Architecture in the Early Modern Period." Nexus Network Journal 16, no. 3 (November 22, 2014): 543–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-014-0216-6.
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Purcar, Cristina. "A Tale of Two Lines: “The Transylvanian” and “The Imperial”: Mapping Territorial Integration through Railway Architecture." Social Science History 45, no. 2 (2021): 317–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.2.
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AbstractWhile states undertook railway construction targeting economic and military objectives, this article questions whether and to which extent their symbolic territorial cohesion was also at stake. The hypothesis we aim to verify is that railway buildings acted as recurrent visual signifiers of territorial coherence and had, therefore, the potential of being instrumental as state-building tools. This research explores how an architectural reading of railway networks can inform our understanding of state-building projects and processes. We expect that geographically scoped railway architectural history is capable of cross-fertilizing political and planning history, through a better understanding of empire, state, and regional building discourses. The investigation focuses on the stylistic architectural choices of edifices on two trunk lines in Transylvania, North-West Romania, before World War I, while this territory belonged to the Habsburg then, as of 1867, Austro-Hungarian Empire. The large-scale analysis of railway architecture is discussed in relation to railway-line ownership, political (central, regional, and local) agency, economic development, and architectural Zeitgeist, highlighting state-building and territorial integration patterns. The mapping carried out reveals two successive architectural layers. These denote a shift in the role of railway architecture from an initial liberal phase, before the 1880s, to a bloom phase, prior to World War I. While during the former there was little state control over architectural aspects, during the latter architecture became a foremost representation instrument for the state railway administration. At the same time, the extant railway architecture appears as a palimpsest, a genuinely cross-border, European heritage, documenting the dynamics between imperial, state, regional, and local agencies.
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Yermoshyn, M., A. Poberezhnyi, O. Onopriyenko, and M. Shuryha. "Architecture of network knowledge base of a complex military system." Radiotekhnika, no. 204 (April 9, 2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.1.204.09.
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The article examines the architecture of a networked knowledge base and the organizational structure of a complex military-purpose system, which is built when a group of troops (forces) is created and kept in a state where it is capable of solving the tasks assigned to it. This requires a deep study of issues not only of modern tactics regarding the preparation and conduct of hostilities, but also more complex issues of scientific substantiation of the architecture of a networked knowledge base and the structure of a complex military system with a networked knowledge base. The internal representation of knowledge in the knowledge base (formal programmatic and logical content) is advisable to implement in the form of an adjacency matrix, which displays the relationship and relationship between target settings; initial conditions; the resources of the grouping of troops (temporary, material, combat and quantitative composition), their costs and replenishment; rules for the use of resources and the choice of criteria for their distribution. The knowledge base synthesizes a mathematical network model for making decisions, which provides a change (correction) of the structure of target attitudes when replenishing the knowledge base. Tasks solved in the knowledge base: selection of vertices and relations when replenishing catalogs; making changes to the adjacency matrix in accordance with the identified or changed relationships between targets. A necessary element of the synthesis of a mathematical network model for making decisions on the preparation and conduct of hostilities is the construction of the structure of the target systems of the system for a specific situation. A feature of controlling the correctness of knowledge presented in the form of target attitudes is the need for a joint analysis of the entire set of target attitudes and initial conditions in their relationship. For this, the matrix of the relations of target attitudes and the matrix of the relations of initial conditions are combined. The control of the correctness of the knowledge base is carried out when replenishing the knowledge base, it includes: identification of contradictions in the structure of target attitudes when making changes to this structure; search and detection of contradictions in the graph of the semantic network according to available resources and time; checking the completeness of the graph of the mathematical network model; issuance of revealed contradictions to an expert and their elimination. A practical approach to building the architecture of a networked knowledge base and the organizational structure of a complex military system can be implemented during the substantiation of the components and elements of the system when creating a grouping of troops (forces).
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Bisht, Sanjay, H. S. Bharati, S. B. Taneja, and Punam Bedi. "Command Agent Belief Architecture to Support Commander Decision Making in Military Simulation." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.11375.
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<p class="p1">In the war, military conflicts have many aspects that are consistent with complexity theory e.g., the higher commander’s decision is directed at animate entity that react under hierarchical and self-organised structure in decentralised command and control for the collectivist dynamism of decomposed elements due to nonlinear complexity of warfare on the battlefield. Agent technology have been found to be suitable for modelling tactical behaviour of entities at multiple level of resolution under hierarchical command and control (C2) structure and provide a powerful abstraction mechanism required for designing simulations of complex and dynamic battlefield situations. Intelligent agents can potentially reduce the overhead on such experiments and studies. Command agents, plan how to carry out the operation and assign tasks to subordinate agents. They receive information from battlefield environment and use such information to build situation awareness and also to respond to unforeseen situations. In the paper, we have proposed a mechanism for modelling tactical behaviour of an intelligent agent by which higher command level entities should be able to synthesize their beliefs derived from the lower level sub ordinates entities. This paper presents a role-based belief, desire and intention mechanism to facilitate in the representation of military hierarchy, modelling of tactical behaviour based on agent current belief, teammate’s belief propagation, and coordination issues. Higher commander can view the battlefield information at different levels of abstraction based on concept of aggregation and disaggregation and take appropriate reactive response to any unforeseen circumstances happening in battlefield.</p>
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Pinto, Carlos Eduardo. "A razão agoniza em uma casa vazia: modernismo arquitetônico no filme O Desafio." Revista Prumo 5, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24168/revistaprumo.v0i8.1243.
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Paulo César Saraceni’s The dare (1965) is a milestone of the Brazilian Cinema Novo. Considered the first cinematographic movie to openly address the 1964 civil-military coup, it also inaugurated a lineage of intimate Rio films, committed to reading beyond the representation of the city through postcard images. The film pays special attention to the scenarios, especially houses and apartments, defining the political and psychological contours of the characters through their interaction with the environments. In this article I make explicit the impact caused by this new form of urban representation and, finally, I make the analysis of two sequences, in which an almost empty modernist house is set against a burning, ruined pension. The aim is to demonstrate that, while the contours of these scenarios define the protagonists’ conflicts, the actions taken in each environment add meaning to the architecture.
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Chmielewski, Mariusz, Damian Frąszczak, and Dawid Bugajewski. "Architectural concepts for managing biomedical sensor data utilised for medical diagnosis and patient remote care." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821005016.
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This paper discusses experiences and architectural concepts developed and tested aimed at acquisition and processing of biomedical data in large scale system for elderly (patients) monitoring. Major assumptions for the research included utilisation of wearable and mobile technologies, supporting maximum number of inertial and biomedical data to support decision algorithms. Although medical diagnostics and decision algorithms have not been the main aim of the research, this preliminary phase was crucial to test capabilities of existing off-the-shelf technologies and functional responsibilities of system’s logic components. Architecture variants contained several schemes for data processing moving the responsibility for signal feature extraction, data classification and pattern recognition from wearable to mobile up to server facilities. Analysis of transmission and processing delays provided architecture variants pros and cons but most of all knowledge about applicability in medical, military and fitness domains. To evaluate and construct architecture, a set of alternative technology stacks and quantitative measures has been defined. The major architecture characteristics (high availability, scalability, reliability) have been defined imposing asynchronous processing of sensor data, efficient data representation, iterative reporting, event-driven processing, restricting pulling operations. Sensor data processing persist the original data on handhelds but is mainly aimed at extracting chosen set of signal features calculated for specific time windows – varying for analysed signals and the sensor data acquisition rates. Long term monitoring of patients requires also development of mechanisms, which probe the patient and in case of detecting anomalies or drastic characteristic changes tune the data acquisition process. This paper describes experiences connected with design of scalable decision support tool and evaluation techniques for architectural concepts implemented within the mobile and server software.
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Hentschel, Christine, and Susanne Krasmann. "In the Force Field of the Law: On Affect and Connectivity in the Casework of Forensic Architecture." German Law Journal 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002201x.
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Law needs a force; without its force, it would be nothing. This article proposes a conceptualization of the force of law as affective by examining the political aesthetics of “Forensic Architecture,” a project based at Goldsmiths, University of London. The novelty of Forensic Architecture's analytical approach arises, on the one hand, from its use of technologies of power that are otherwise employed by states and their military forces—thus reversing the direction of the surveillant gaze towards a disobedient practice of seeing and sensing. On the other hand, the notion of a “force field” operates as a particular critique of European border policy. The force of law appears to merge into, and at the same time emerge out of, a complex arrangement of technological devices, legal regulations, and human actions. This essay re-traces the political aesthetics of the “left-to-die-boat” case, where a boat filled with migrants was left without any assistance despite the legal regulation that obliges obliging seafarers to rescue anyone in distress in the Mediterranean Sea. Forensic Architecture's case-work unsettles human-centered “norms of representation” typically used in critical writings on the European Union (EU) border regime; instead, the law is demonstrated to be enfolded within an affective force field that operates with “touch” and “connectivity” and that allows us to see and sense the law in a newly pluralistic manner.
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Cormack, Lesley B., and Martha Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography, and the Representation of the Early Modern City. A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Sixteenth Century Journal 25, no. 2 (1994): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542940.
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Cormack, Lesley B., and Martha Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography, and the Representation of the Early Modern City. A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Sixteenth Century Journal 25, no. 2 (1994): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542981.
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Harvey, P. D. A., and Martha D. Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography and the Representation of the Early Modern European City: A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Geographical Journal 160, no. 2 (July 1994): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060120.
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Xia, Runfan, Jie Chen, Zhixiang Huang, Huiyao Wan, Bocai Wu, Long Sun, Baidong Yao, Haibing Xiang, and Mengdao Xing. "CRTransSar: A Visual Transformer Based on Contextual Joint Representation Learning for SAR Ship Detection." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061488.
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Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image target detection is widely used in military, civilian and other fields. However, existing detection methods have low accuracy due to the limitations presented by the strong scattering of SAR image targets, unclear edge contour information, multiple scales, strong sparseness, background interference, and other characteristics. In response, for SAR target detection tasks, this paper combines the global contextual information perception of transformers and the local feature representation capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to innovatively propose a visual transformer framework based on contextual joint-representation learning, referred to as CRTransSar. First, this paper introduces the latest Swin Transformer as the basic architecture. Next, it introduces the CNN’s local information capture and presents the design of a backbone, called CRbackbone, based on contextual joint representation learning, to extract richer contextual feature information while strengthening SAR target feature attributes. Furthermore, the design of a new cross-resolution attention-enhancement neck, called CAENeck, is presented to enhance the characterizability of multiscale SAR targets. The mAP of our method on the SSDD dataset attains 97.0% accuracy, reaching state-of-the-art levels. In addition, based on the HISEA-1 commercial SAR satellite, which has been launched into orbit and in whose development our research group participated, we released a larger-scale SAR multiclass target detection dataset, called SMCDD, which verifies the effectiveness of our method.
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Khafagy, Khaled H., Siddhant Datta, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "Multiscale characterization and representation of variability in ceramic matrix composites." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 18 (January 28, 2021): 2431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320978445.
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Low density, high strength, and high creep and oxidation resistance properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) make them an ideal choice for use in extreme environments in space and military applications. This paper presents a detailed characterization study of structural and manufacturing flaws in Carbon fiber Silicon-Carbide-Nitride matrix (C/SiNC) CMCs at different length-scales. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is used for the chemical characterization of the material’s elemental constituents. High-resolution multiscale graphs obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM) are used to characterize the distribution and morphology of defects at different length scales. This is followed by the classification and quantification of the common manufacturing defects. An image processing algorithm based on the image segmentation process is developed to quantify the variability of various scale-dependent architectural parameters. Finally, a three-dimensional stochastic representative volume element (SRVE) generation algorithm is developed to provide precise representations of material textures at multiple length scales. The developed algorithm accurately accounts for material features and flaws based on a range of multiscale structural and defects characterization results.
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Ma, Pengfei, Yuesen Liu, Lin Li, Zhigang Zhu, and Bin Li. "A Robust Constellation Diagram Representation for Communication Signal and Automatic Modulation Classification." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040920.
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Automatic modulation recognition is a necessary part of cooperative and noncooperative communication systems and plays an important role in military and civilian fields. Although the constellation diagram (CD) is an essential feature for different digital modulations, it is hard to be extracted under noncooperative complex communication environment. Frequency offset, especially the nonlinear frequency offset is a vital problem of complex communication environment, which greatly affects the extraction of traditional CD and the performance of modulation recognition methods. In the current paper, we propose an antifrequency offset constellation diagram (AFO-CD) extraction method, which combines the constellation diagram with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed method indicates the change of the CD with time and enables us to suppress the influence of frequency offset efficiently. Additionally, a residual units-based classifier is designed for multiscale feature extraction and modulation classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the recognition accuracy and has a good application prospect in the complex electromagnetic environment.
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Fedorovich, Oleg, Igor Chepkov, Mikhail Lukhanin, Yurii Pronchakov, Kseniia Rybka, and Yuliia Leshchenko. "Modeling of supply logistics and training of military personnel for the successful use of weapons in a combat area." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2022.3.03.
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The problem of multivariate nature is formed and solved, which is related to the modeling of logistics actions regarding various military equipment and weapons that enter the zone of military conflict. The relevance of the research is related to the comprehensive solution to the problem of the logistical nature of the supply and mastering modern various weapons by the military to create parity of forces in the military conflict zone. The current study creates a complex of logistic methods and models that allow analyzing training of the military, supply of weapons, ammunition and spare parts to the zone of military conflict, for the successful implementation of the goals of the military operation. This article analyzes the problem of using modern and diverse military equipment, which needs to be solved by systematically presenting military training in logistics, supplying various weapons from various manufacturers to the area of combat operations. The optimization model has been created to select and justify the composition of suppliers of weapons, spare parts and ammunition, in the context of risks that arise in the production and transportation of military cargo in a heterogeneous transport network. Optimization is performed in conditions of conflicting criteria: the number of new weapons; time and costs for the production and supply of military equipment; logistical risks. To study dynamic processes in the logistics of supplying weapons, spare parts and ammunition, a model has been created that allows, with the help of simulation agents, the investigation of the paths of movement of military cargo under the conditions of military threats and possible excitation of critical vulnerabilities in the heterogeneous transport supply network. An algorithm for forming the optimal delivery route at the minimum time under risks has been developed. Simulation modeling is used to estimate the movement time of military cargo, delays in supply, accumulation of risks in cargo transportation, consequences of threats and vulnerabilities in supply logistics, etc. This study examines the process of training the military by mastering new competencies for the use of various modern weapons in combat conditions. Simultaneously, the short terms of training of military personnel and the logistics of their transportation to training centers are considered subject to the threats and risks of wartime. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is ensured by a systematic representation of the logistics of supplying various weapons, spare parts and ammunition to the conflict zone, and a comprehensive solution to the research tasks set. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is associated with the development of new methods and models based on system analysis. The following methods were used: simulation modeling, models for optimizing, competence model for acquiring new knowledge by the military personnel. The results of the study should be used to select and justify suppliers of new diverse weapons and military equipment, train the military to use modern kinds and types of weapons, plan routes and schedules for the supply of military cargo to the area of combat operations, in conditions of wartime threats.
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Skoryk, Anatolii, Boris Nizienko, Anatolii Dudush, Vasil Shulezhko, and Irina Romanchenko. "Evolution from the Network-Centric Warfare Сoncept to the Data-Centric Operation Theory." Advances in Military Technology 16, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01430.
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The article analyzes the impact of disruptive technologies on the evolutionary development of military architectural frameworks and concepts of warfare. It argues the need for a transition from the Network-Centric Warfare concept to the Data-Centric Operation theory and proposes a 4D-extensional representation of the combat space of weapon systems integrated into a single network. It is concluded that there is hardware redundancy in modern weapon systems and it is possible to use it as a network resource, the management of which provides additional opportunities for improving operational capabilities.
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Lasek, Piotr. "Private castles of Polish commanders during the Thirteen Years War." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 296, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134963.
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In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a dynamic development in firearms. Improvements were made both to the artillery and firearms, as well as to the technique of using this type of weapon. In Central Europe, the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Confederation of Prussian states with the Teutonic Or�der, known as the Thirteen Years War, served as a training ground for the development of firearms. The use of fire�arms and artillery in this conflict, during both field battles and, above all, during the numerous sieges of cities and castles, draws closer attention to the influence that these struggles have had on the defensive architecture of the Kingdom of Poland. This article analyses the defences of the headquarters of the most important Polish military commanders (such as Piotr Szamotulski, Piotr Dunin, Paweł Jasieński), created during the war and immediately after the war. The study demonstrated that the experiences of the Thirteen Years War were not fully exploited by its most important combatants on the Polish side. The majority of Polish noblemen (who were jointly commanders of mercenaries, state armies or mass levées) in the formulation or reconstruction of their headquarters emphasised prestige, so these often appear archaic from the military point of view, but with a representative form – the residen�tial tower. Perhaps the reasons were economic considerations, or the belief that large military forces with strong artillery made small concentrations of resistance futile, so it was not worth investing in their excessive fortification. Only in the architecture of Peter Dunin’s castle in Ujazd are there visible attempts at the modernization of its de�fences, however, alongside the simultaneous development of the residential and representative zone.
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Volkov, E. V., and M. V. Sapronov. "Wartime Leningrad Cinemas: During and After the Blockade." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 3 (2022): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.303.
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This article considers cinemas in Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War was a social space, which, using concept of the French sociologist Henri Lefebvre, can be considered as having three levels. First, there is a “representation of space”, that implies these aspects: how cinemas were represented and embodied in material forms (architectural appearance and interior decoration), and how the work of this institution was planned. The second level is “spatial practices”: the functioning of the cinema in real conditions through the activities of its employees, which could differ from orders from above. The third level is the “space of representations”, or how the cinema appears to viewers who visited it. During the Great Patriotic War, the social space of architectural structures in Leningrad cinemas largely remained the same as in the pre-war period. However, in wartime, mobilization acquired a larger character in cinemas. The spatial practices of cinema employees, whose composition has undergone changes in connection with the mass conscription to the front, labor mobilizations, diseases, and high mortality (mostly elderly and disabled people worked there) were also been transformed. The working day for cinema workers increased significantly. At the same time, a number of cinemas in Leningrad were temporarily closed and “conserved”. Cinemas as “spaces of representation” were associated for many viewers with a place of cultural practices, recreation, and distraction from the scourge of war. The repertoire of cinemas in Leningrad in contrast to the pre-war period, has changed significantly in the direction of increasing the display of newsreels, educational and documentary films, as well as military-historical feature films and “allied films” of American and British production.
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MAISAIA, Vakhtang. "GRAND STRATEGY AND MILITARY IMPLICATIONS OF NEW RUSSIA’S MILITARY DOCTRINE IN 21ST CENTURY: GEOSTRATEGIC ASPECTS OF HYBRID WARFARE STRATEGY AGAINST GEORGIA AND UKRAINE." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERINCE "STRATEGIESXXI" 18, no. 1 (December 6, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2971-8813-22-01.
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: A paper reflects new dimensions of New Cold War geostrategic balance implications at pan-regional (European) and regional (Black Sea) levels that already has been transformed into classical hybrid warfare between the Russian Federation and NATO due to the Russia’s invasion into Ukraine. Currently adopted military doctrine of the Russian Federation envisages engagement into two military conflicts simultaneously and constructed its strategic operational framework founded on incorporation of three combat elements: military, non-military and information warfare measures and proper concepts. Hence, it means that Russia can begin war-game scenarios at the same time against two neighboring nations as it occurs at time being against Ukraine and Georgia. At that respect, the incumbent Russian military leadership in aegis of so-called “Gerasimov Doctrine” is promoting hybrid warfare as a key dominant grand strategy with relevant theater strategy and operational art elements (for instance, operational – strategic command HQ “South” and 5 Army Corp HQs). The military “muscle” could easily skew and twist European security environment that is much unprepared to the geostrategic challenge – Crimea occupation and annexation in 2014, war with Georgia in 2008, hybrid attack to Estonia in 2007 and very recently large-scale military intervention in Azov Sea and pending regional hegemony conditions in Caspian Basin. These military asymmetric challenges and risks deriving from the arms race derailed by the Russia’s incumbent authority, and security dilemma embroiled with by the elements of WMD are sufficient indications why the European security is plausible fragile against such challenges. From academic standpoint, the thesis deals in analyzing with the most dangerous threat targeting the European security architecture – asymmetric military challenge and realization of which is pursued in wagging hybrid war against Georgia and Ukraine. The new type of warfare is a probe stone perfected against these two post-Soviet nations indicates and poses real menace, mainly geostrategic origin, easily targeted NATO member-states, including Poland. The article predisposes reflection and understanding true meaning of so-called “Gerasimov Doctrine” and the whole new version of Military Doctrine of Russia and how it is implemented at the stage. A shift transformation takes place in realms of contemporary century warfare doctrinal planning and the transformation has already implicated of identifying new type of warfare strategy – asymmetric war with representation of hybrid warfare that contributing in re-shaping a grand strategy that allows policymakers to steer through the uncertainties of a complex international security environment; Elaboration real content and new definition of “hybrid war” and its dualfold implications how to quell and deal with asymmetric military challenges and risks and how to cause the challenges on its matter. Moreover, it describes and review reformatting modality in planning and wagging war due to the military technology development that contributed to a far more complicated strategic environment for war than that of previous century. In that respect is to be identified new style of warfare – Urbanistic warfare presented in 2008 August Russia-Georgia war as well as in war in Ukraine (Mariupol battle) new definition of the warfare in general matter.
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Cheng, Feng, Zhibo Liang, Gaoliang Peng, Shaohui Liu, Sijue Li, and Mengyu Ji. "An Anti-UAV Long-Term Tracking Method with Hybrid Attention Mechanism and Hierarchical Discriminator." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103701.
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To prevent unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from threatening public security, anti-UAV object tracking has become a critical issue in industrial and military applications. However, tracking UAV objects stably is still a challenging issue because the scenarios are complicated and the targets are generally small. In this article, a novel long-term tracking architecture composed of a Siamese network and re-detection (SiamAD) is proposed to efficiently locate UAV targets in diverse surroundings. Specifically, a new hybrid attention mechanism module is exploited to conduct more discriminative feature representation and is incorporated into a Siamese network. At the same time, the attention-based Siamese network fuses multilevel features for accurately tracking the target. We further introduce a hierarchical discriminator for checking the reliability of targeting, and a discriminator-based redetection network is utilized for correcting tracking failures. To effectively catch up with the appearance changes of UAVs, a template updating strategy is developed in long-term tracking tasks. Our model surpasses many state-of-the-art models on the anti-UAV benchmark. In particular, the proposed method can achieve 13.7% and 16.5% improvements in success rate and precision rate, respectively, compared with the strong baseline SiamRPN++.
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Albarrán, Javier. "The Almohads and the “Qur’anization” of War Narrative and Ritual." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100876.
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The Almohad movement (12th–13th centuries, Islamic West) had in the return to the direct study of the primary sources of Islam—the Qur’an and the Sunna—and in jihād, two of its most important pillars of legitimation and action. In this sense, it is an ideal period to study how both realities—Qur’an and jihād—were linked in a given historical context. During the Almohad period, the use of Qur’anic verses in accounts related to war episodes became widespread. We thus witness a “Qur’anization” of the war narrative, a resource adding greater religiosity and spirituality to the context of jihād, to its elaboration and discursive representation, and to its memory and remembrance through written testimonies. In this paper I study, through the main narrative and documentary sources of the period, how the Qur’an was inserted into and adapted to the Almohad war discourse. Likewise, this approach allows me to explore how the Qur’an came to life within the framework of the Almohad jihād, how it served for its justification and legitimation, and how it formed part of the ceremony and the war protocol of the Maghrebi caliphate, thus linking itself with other discursive and propaganda mechanisms such as architecture or military parades.
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Klaiber, Susan. "Review: Turin, 1564-1680: Urban Design, Military Culture, and the Creation of the Absolutist Capital by Martha D. Pollak; Military Architecture, Cartography, and the Representation of the Early Modern European City: A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library by Martha D. Pollak." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990765.
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Ivanova, Alina, Ekaterina Glatolenkova, and Mikhail Bazilevich. "New lands: Designing an image of the motherland." проект байкал 18, no. 68 (August 8, 2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.68.1815.
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The article focuses on the search for architectural representations of the Russian Empire on new lands (the Far East and Turkestan), which simultaneously became part of it in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The article consists of two parts. The first one reviews the architectural and spatial arrangement of railways, which were the colonization structural frame: the eastern part of the Transsib (the Amur and Ussuri Railways), the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), and the Trans-Caspian Military Railway (TCMR). The second part of the article describes the evolution of the colonial orientalism and national stylistics. The article draws a conclusion about the variability of the cultural policy of the Russian colonialism.
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Dunham, Greg, Kenneth Forbus, and Jeffrey Usher. "nuWar: A Prototype Sketch-Based Strategy Game." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v1i1.18714.
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Today's military strategy games provide unrealistic interfaces for players to interact with their units: Commanders don't use mice and menus, they sketch. Developing strategy games currently involves grafting AI capabilities on top of a separate simulation engine, with new hand-crafted strategies for each game. We are experimenting with a novel approach for solving both problems. We started with nuSketch Battlespace, a knowledge-rich sketch understanding system developed for military users, and built a game engine, nuWar, on top of it. nuWar is a prototype two-player tactical war game which can be played either hot-seat or over a network. nuWar uses sketching as the primary way for players to express their intent to their subordinate commanders. The underlying ontology used by nuSketch Battlespace is used in both the simulation engine and in the bots which serve as subordinate commanders. We describe the architecture of nuWar, focusing on how it uses sketching, how the simulation engine is built upon the rich representational facilities of nuSketch Battlespace, and how the bots work. We discuss the tradeoffs we have found in this approach so far, and describe our plans for future work.
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Lukšionytė, Nijolė. "MIESTŲ MEDINĖS ARCHITEKTŪROS IŠSAUGOJIMO GALIMYBĖS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2011.15.
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Institutions for Lithuania’s heritage protection have been declaring the necessity of preserving wooden architecture since 2002; however, there have been very few realistic results. Although the Vilnius City Municipality initiated a strategic programme for saving wooden architecture, there have been no tangible results to date. The purpose of this article s to analyse the needs and opportunities for preserving wooden architecture in Kaunas. Wooden buildings such as small manor and garden estate houses, villas, cottages, summer homes, rental houses and residential military and railway complexes have survived in Kaunas. Representative buildings of all these types need to be preserved in all parts of Kaunas. These reflect the juncture of professional and ethnic traditions in cities, estates and villages. Therefore such buildings are exceptional at conveying local identity. The 2009 educational project carried out at the Faculty of Arts of Vytautas Magnus University revealed that the survival of wooden houses largely depends on the motivation of their owners. The most important condition for preserving wooden architecture is to attract the owners of these buildings to join with the supporters of this architectural heritage. Consultations on the maintenance of such buildings to retain the heritage must be organised. The community interested in rehabilitation of wooden structures could generate and share information in a virtual environment. Santrauka Paveldosaugos institucijos Lietuvoje nuo 2002 m. deklaruoja medinės architektūros išsaugojimo būtinumą, tačiau realių rezultatų pasiekta labai nedaug. Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės iniciatyva parengta medinės architektūros apsaugos strategijos programa kol kas nedavė apčiuopiamų rezultatų. Straipsnis skirtas Kauno medinės architektūros išsaugojimo poreikių ir galimybių analizei. Kaune išliko medinių dvarelių, sodybinių namų, vilų, kotedžų, vasarnamių, nuomojamų namų, kariškių ir geležinkeliečių gyvenamųjų kompleksų. Reikėtų išsaugoti šių tipologinių grupių architektūros reprezentantus visose miesto dalyse. Jie atspindi profesionaliosios ir etninės (miesto, dvaro, kaimo) tradicijų jungtį ir dėl to yra išskirtiniai lokalinio tapatumo perdavėjai. VDU Menų fakultete 2009 m. vykdytas edukacinis projektas atskleidė, jog medinių namų išlikimas daugiausia priklauso nuo savininkų motyvacijos. Savininkų patraukimas į medinio paveldo rėmėjų pusę laikytinas svarbiausia išsaugojimo sąlyga. Būtina organizuoti konsultavimą apie paveldui palankią namų priežiūrą ir tvarkymą. Medinių namų atgaivinimu suinteresuota bendruomenė galėtų kurtis ir dalintis informacija virtualioje aplinkoje.
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I., Pohranychna. "ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF ANDREA PALLADIO – AS EDUCATION MATERIAL FOR JAKUB KUBICKI." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 2, no. 2 (November 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2020.02.147.
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The article covers the Architectural heritage of Andrea Palladio – as education material for Jakub Kubicki reviews artistic heritage of Andrea Palladio and analyzes its influence on the works of Jakub Kubicki. It is known that comprehensive and manysided heritage of Andrea Palladio was education material for many architects, and in the XVII century it became the basis for similarly-named architectural trend – Palladianism. Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) – is a famous architect of the Renaissance era, the author of many architectural tractates that describe the principles and stages of private estates and residences formation in detail. His works were based on symmetry, perspective and objects of value of classical place of worship of Ancient Greece and Rome. In general, Andrea Palladio, having studied traditions of folk architecture as well as likes of nobility, created model types of estates and at the same time showed almost unlimited amount of possible variations, became a founder of “architectural fashion” of Classicism era. That promoted the spread and establishment of the Palladian school where the architecture of Antique period (of Ancient Rome and, later, of Ancient Greece) was interpreted to the demands of the era, and Palladian types of country estates and city palace were used during two more centuries. Creative method or style of every architect of a certain period shapes a style of the era. In the works of architects there are reflected important issues and problems of theory and practice of architectural life of the time. J. Kubicki is also among the architects whose works attract attention with a high level of excellence. He became a mediator between the pure classicism and Empire style of the XVIII century. Although the architect was the representative of mature Classicism with the influence of Palladian school, his works have their own fingerprint and are characterized by such typical elements in the projects as sharp axial plan and symmetry of facades of palaces; simple rectangular forms in plan of a palace that were be supplemented by prominent risalits; main entrance was accentuated by portico with colonnade; the use of classical order elements that were decorated with sculptures and military emblems in façade decoration. Interior arrangement in the palaces was symmetrical, two-path, with gorgeous living-room and entrance hall that contained stairs. Interiors were profusely decorated with moulding and highlighted with colors (hence the name blue living room, gold or red room).
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Ivashko, Yulia, Tetiana Kuzmenko, Li Shuan, and Chang Peng. "The influence of the natural environment on the transformation of architectural style." Landscape architecture and art 15 (March 23, 2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.15.11.
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The article explores the phenomenon of the architecture style transformation with a radical change in the natural environment. By the example of two pairs of objects of the same style – objects of Northern National Romanticism in Finland and China and objects of the “Moscow pattern work” in Russia and France, the non-identity of the their architecture perception is argued with the general preservation of the defining signs of style – severe stone forms of northern national romanticism in dense Helsinki's urban development is perceived differently than similar forms of northern national romanticism among the exotic greenery of the coastal city of Qingdao, just as finely detailed forms of the Moscow Orthodox churches are perceived differently than similar forms among the palms of Nice. Another aspect is associated with a change in the ideological perception of the style of architecture when it is transferred to the territory of another country. Thus, Northern National Romanticism was perceived by Finland and the Baltic countries as the style of their national identity, therefore, it clearly expressed those elements and plots that just expressed the national identity of the countries under the rule of the Russian Empire. The same style, embodied in the representative buildings of Qingdao, primarily the governor's residence, expressed a different ideology: Qingdao was the military base of the navy, therefore Northern National Romanticism in this case expressed the nationality and dominance of Germany. At the same time, as you move away from the center of origin, each style invariably transforms as a result of multiple local layers, therefore, with all the grandeur of the appearance of the residence, it does not look as monumental as similar buildings in Finland or the Baltic countries due to the influence of Chinese traditions in polychrome and decor and placement in a different natural environment.
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Sun, Ziyi, Yunfeng Zhang, Fangxun Bao, Ping Wang, Xunxiang Yao, and Caiming Zhang. "SADnet: Semi-supervised Single Image Dehazing Method Based on an Attention Mechanism." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 18, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478457.
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Many real-life tasks such as military reconnaissance and traffic monitoring require high-quality images. However, images acquired in foggy or hazy weather pose obstacles to the implementation of these real-life tasks; consequently, image dehazing is an important research problem. To meet the requirements of practical applications, a single image dehazing algorithm has to be able to effectively process real-world hazy images with high computational efficiency. In this article, we present a fast and robust semi-supervised dehazing algorithm named SADnet for practical applications. SADnet utilizes both synthetic datasets and natural hazy images for training, so it has good generalizability for real-world hazy images. Furthermore, considering the uneven distribution of haze in the atmospheric environment, a Channel-Spatial Self-Attention (CSSA) mechanism is presented to enhance the representational power of the proposed SADnet. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the presented approach achieves good dehazing performances and competitive running times compared with other state-of-the-art image dehazing algorithms.
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García Carpintero López de Mota, Jaime. "Las casas de la encomienda de la Orden de Santiago en La Mancha a finales de la Edad Media (siglos XV y principios del XVI)." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.16.
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Las denominadas casas de la encomienda constituyen uno de los ejemplos más representativos de la arquitectura vinculada a las órdenes militares. Herederos del castillo, estos inmuebles característicos del período bajomedieval actuaron como las sedes de las encomiendas, las células básicas de administración señorial de las milicias. Como tales, debían servir como residencia a los comendadores, lo que les confirió cierto carácter palatino y una notable entidad en el entramado urbano de las villas. Pero al mismo tiempo actuaban como lugar de percepción y almacenamiento de rentas, para lo que necesitaron de espacios como bodegas o graneros. Finalmente, también aglutinaban toda una serie de dependencias para el servicio de la casa.En este estudio ponemos el foco sobre un conjunto de casas de la encomienda vinculadas a la Orden Militar de Santiago y situadas en sus señoríos de La Mancha. A partir de la información extraída de los Libros de Visita, en conjunción con otro tipo de fuentes y con una metodología interdisciplinar, analizaremos la evolución de estos inmuebles entre la segunda mitad del siglo XV y las primeras décadas del siglo XVI. Seguidamente, trataremos sobre diversas cuestiones comunes a estos singulares edificios como su localización, disposición o los distintos espacios que respondían a las funciones residencial, económica y de servicios. Palabras clave: Órdenes Militares, Orden de Santiago, Cultura Material, Arquitectura, EncomiendasTopónimos: La ManchaPeríodo: Baja Edad Media ABSTRACTThe so-called commandery houses are one of the most representative examples of architecture associated with military orders. Heirs to the castle, these buildings, characteristic of the late medieval period, served as the headquarters of the commanderies, the basic units of seigneurial administration of the militias. As such, they functioned as the residence of the commanders, which lent them a certain palatial character and considerable prominence within the urban structure of the villages. At the same time, they also served as a place for collecting and storing revenue, for which they needed spaces such as cellars or granaries. Finally, they also included a whole series of outbuildings to serve the house.This study focuses on a group of commandery houses linked to the Military Order of Santiago and located in their seigneuries in La Mancha. On the basis of information obtained from the Libros de Visita in conjunction with other types of sources, and employing an interdisciplinary methodology, there is analysis of the evolution of these buildings between the second half of the 15th and the early decades of the 16th century. This is followed by discussion of various issues common to these singular buildings, such as their location, layout and the different spaces that fulfilled residential, economic and service function. Keywords: Military Orders, Order of Santiago, Material Culture, Architecture, CommanderiesPlace names: La ManchaPeriod: Late Middle Ages REFERENCIASArcos Franco, J. M. (2002), “Tipologías de la arquitectura civil de la Orden de Alcántara: la casa de encomienda en el partido de la Serena”, Norba: revista de arte, 22, pp. 101-118.Ayala Martínez, C. (2003), Las órdenes militares hispánicas en la Edad Media (siglos XII-XV), Madrid, La Torre Literaria.Carrero Pérez, L. M. (1990), El castillo y la villa de Fuentidueña de Tajo (Crónica de un asentamiento Santiaguista), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid.Eiroa Rodríguez, J. A. (2005), “La interpretación arqueológica de los Libros de Visita de la Orden de Santiago: el complejo fortificado medieval de Socovos (Albacete)”, II Congreso de Castellología Ibérica Alcalá de la Selva (Teruel), 8-11 noviembre 2001, Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos, pp. 543-562.Ferreras Fincias, F. J. (1996), “Castrotorafe (Zamora): conservación y ruina de la fortaleza santiaguista, 1494-1736”, Actas del I Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción, Madrid, Ministerio de Fomento, pp. 203-209.García Carpintero López de Mota, J. (2020), “La historia de la construcción a través de los Libros de Visita de la Orden de Santiago”, La construcción fortificada medieval: historia, conservación y gestión: Jornadas Técnicas sobre Historia de la Construcción Medieval Montiel (Ciudad Real), 20-22 de septiembre de 2017, Madrid, Instituto Juan de Herrera, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Fundación Cárdenas, Fundación Castillo de la Estrella de Montiel, pp. 113-132.García Carpintero López de Mota, J. y Gallego Valle, D. (2018), “La arqueología de órdenes militares en Castilla-La Mancha y la reconstrucción virtual de su patrimonio”, Virtual Archaeology Review, 9.19, pp. 76-88.Garrido Santiago, M. (1989), Arquitectura Militar de la Orden de Santiago en Extremadura, Mérida, Junta de Extremadura.Gómez de Terreros Guardiola, M. V. (ed.) (2011), La arquitectura de las órdenes militares en Andalucía: conservación y restauración, Huelva, Universidad de Huelva.Gómez de Terreros Guardiola, M. V. y Gómez de Terreros Guardiola M. G. (2010), “Casas tercias o de bastimento de la Orden de Santiago en Andalucía: La Almona de Guadalcanal (Sevilla)”, Temas de estética y arte, 24, pp. 113-142.Josserand, P. (2004), Église et pouvoir dans la Péninsule ibérique. Les ordres militaires dans le royaume de Castille (1252-1369), Madrid, Casa de Velázquez.Matellanes Merchán, J. V. (2000), “Estructuración orgánica del espacio santiaguista en la submeseta sur (1170-1350)”, Las órdenes militares en la Península Ibérica, Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 1, pp. 723-738.Molero García, J. (2006), “Castillos-casas de la Encomienda en el Campo de Calatrava”, Actas del III Congreso de Castellología Ibérica, Madrid, Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos; Diputación Provincial de Guadalajara, pp. 657-680.— (2014), “El binomio castillo-casa de la encomienda en la administración señorial de la Orden de Calatrava (siglos XII-XV)”, Castelos das Ordens Militares. Encontro Internacional, Lisboa, Direção-Geral do Património Cultural, 1, pp. 229-250.Molero García J. y García Carpintero López de Mota, J. (2020), “La reconstrucción del castillo y casa de la encomienda de la Orden de Calatrava en Daimiel a finales de la Edad Media”, V Jornadas de Historia de Daimiel, Museo Comarcal de Daimiel, pp. 15-30.Moya García, C. y Fernández-Pacheco Sánchez-Gil, C. (2016), “Las casas de Bastimento y Encomienda del Campo de Montiel en los siglos XV y XVI”, II Congreso Nacional Ciudad Real y su provincia, Ciudad Real: Instituto de Estudios Manchegos, pp. 158-175.Navareño Mateos, A. (1987), Arquitectura Militar de la Orden de Alcántara en Extremadura, Mérida, Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural, 1987.Oliveira, L. F. (2014), “Dos castelos às Ordens Militares: Os espaços da vida religiosa e comunitária”, Castelos das Ordens Militares. Encontro Internacional, Lisboa, Direção-Geral do Património Cultural, 2, pp. 389-407.Ortiz Rico, I. M. (1996), “Los libros de visitas de órdenes militares como fuentes historiográficas. La Orden de Santiago en Castilla-La Mancha”, La investigación y las fuentes documentales de los archivos: I y II Jornadas sobre Investigación en Archivos, Guadalajara: Asociación de Amigos del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Castilla La Mancha, 2, pp. 1101-1112.Palacios Ontalva, S. (2000), “Los libros de visita de la Orden de Santiago: fuente para una Historia de la arquitectura militar”, Actas del Tercer Congreso Nacional de Historia de la construcción: Sevilla, 26 a 28 de octubre de 2000, Instituto Juan de Herrera, 2, pp. 751-760.— (2006), Fortalezas santiaguistas: la orden en la ribera del Tajo (siglos XII-XVI), Cuenca, J. S. Palacios.Pérez Monzón, O. (2010), “La arquitectura religiosa y civil de las órdenes militares en la Castilla Medieval”, Del silencio de la cartuja al fragor de la orden militar, Aguilar de Campoo, Fundación Santa María la Real, pp. 201-234.Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla, E. (2007), “El proceso de aristocratización de la Orden de Calatrava (siglos XIII-XV)”, Hispania sacra, 59.120, pp. 493-535.— (2008), Los monjes guerreros en los reinos hispánicos: Las órdenes militares en la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros.Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla, E. y Pérez Monzón, O. (2006), “Mentalidad, cultura y representación del poder de la nobleza Calatrava en la Castilla del Siglo XV”, Hispania: Revista española de historia, 66.222, pp. 199-242.Ruiz Mateos, A. (1985), Arquitectura civil de la Orden de Santiago en Extremadura: la casa de la Encomienda: su proyección en Hispanoamérica, Badajoz, Diputación Provincial de Badajoz.— (1988), “Un ejemplo de arquitectura santiaguista en Castilla: Alhambra y La Solana”, I Congreso de Historia de Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 5, pp. 261-271.— (1990), “Arquitectura civil de la Orden de Santiago en la provincia de Madrid”, El Madrid medieval: sus tierras y sus hombres, Madrid, Asociación Cultural Al-Mudayna, pp. 213-237.— (2003), “La Casa Tercia de Consuegra”, Actas del Primer Simposio Histórico de la Orden de San Juan en España, Toledo, Diputación Provincial de Toledo, pp. 387-390.
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Shahzad, Khurram, Ahmad O. Aseeri, and Munam Ali Shah. "A Blockchain-Based Authentication Solution for 6G Communication Security in Tactile Networks." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091374.
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In this era, the ultimate vision is to transform current technologies into intelligent global environments to facilitate everyday transactions. The emerging Industry 4.0 has introduced promising potential technologies that have expedited the transition of Internet of Things (IoT) into the Internet of Everything (IoE), utilizing the advances in artificial intelligence. Such a transition implies that sensitive data can be effortlessly accessed via the open network used by various domains such as military, business, transportation, medical, and education, leading to potential security concerns. Although a blockchain, along with the above fields, already employs a fast network such as 5G, the explosive growth in the development and implementation of various Industry 4.0-related domains requires significantly faster networking speeds and a secure mechanism for data transfer. This exhibits the need for 6G to meet the requirements of real-time applications, as shown in the graphical representation of the abstract. The bulk of this work was performed on a blockchain, but some methodology was needed that fulfilled security at different levels, such as the process level, data level, and infrastructure level. Our contribution in this work was twofold: first, at the process level, a novel smart contract mechanism was described; and second, at the data level, a digital signature methodology was employed that allowed anonymization to authenticate and secure the blockchain without encryption.
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Shahzad, Khurram, Ahmad O. Aseeri, and Munam Ali Shah. "A Blockchain-Based Authentication Solution for 6G Communication Security in Tactile Networks." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091374.
Full textAbstract:
In this era, the ultimate vision is to transform current technologies into intelligent global environments to facilitate everyday transactions. The emerging Industry 4.0 has introduced promising potential technologies that have expedited the transition of Internet of Things (IoT) into the Internet of Everything (IoE), utilizing the advances in artificial intelligence. Such a transition implies that sensitive data can be effortlessly accessed via the open network used by various domains such as military, business, transportation, medical, and education, leading to potential security concerns. Although a blockchain, along with the above fields, already employs a fast network such as 5G, the explosive growth in the development and implementation of various Industry 4.0-related domains requires significantly faster networking speeds and a secure mechanism for data transfer. This exhibits the need for 6G to meet the requirements of real-time applications, as shown in the graphical representation of the abstract. The bulk of this work was performed on a blockchain, but some methodology was needed that fulfilled security at different levels, such as the process level, data level, and infrastructure level. Our contribution in this work was twofold: first, at the process level, a novel smart contract mechanism was described; and second, at the data level, a digital signature methodology was employed that allowed anonymization to authenticate and secure the blockchain without encryption.
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Shahzad, Khurram, Ahmad O. Aseeri, and Munam Ali Shah. "A Blockchain-Based Authentication Solution for 6G Communication Security in Tactile Networks." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091374.
Full textAbstract:
In this era, the ultimate vision is to transform current technologies into intelligent global environments to facilitate everyday transactions. The emerging Industry 4.0 has introduced promising potential technologies that have expedited the transition of Internet of Things (IoT) into the Internet of Everything (IoE), utilizing the advances in artificial intelligence. Such a transition implies that sensitive data can be effortlessly accessed via the open network used by various domains such as military, business, transportation, medical, and education, leading to potential security concerns. Although a blockchain, along with the above fields, already employs a fast network such as 5G, the explosive growth in the development and implementation of various Industry 4.0-related domains requires significantly faster networking speeds and a secure mechanism for data transfer. This exhibits the need for 6G to meet the requirements of real-time applications, as shown in the graphical representation of the abstract. The bulk of this work was performed on a blockchain, but some methodology was needed that fulfilled security at different levels, such as the process level, data level, and infrastructure level. Our contribution in this work was twofold: first, at the process level, a novel smart contract mechanism was described; and second, at the data level, a digital signature methodology was employed that allowed anonymization to authenticate and secure the blockchain without encryption.
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Pease, Donald E. "The Uncanny Return of Settler-Colonial Capitalism in Toni Morrison’s Home." boundary 2 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8193233.
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Toni Morrison’s 2012 novel Home is concerned primarily with the efforts undertaken by its protagonist, the black Korean War veteran Frank Money, to accommodate himself to civilian life. However, Home differs from other Korean War novels in that after Frank returns to the United States, he neither aligns his wartime experiences with the superpower rivalry nor conducts a critical meta-engagement with Cold War ideology. When Frank comes back to the United States in 1955 from a tour of duty as a combat infantryman in Chosin, Korea, he instead undergoes the unheimlich experience of becoming a fugitive within a carceral state. Morrison confronts readers with a comparably uncanny experience when she deletes from the narrative any trace of the Cold War ideology whose structures of feeling, epistemologies, and military architecture the Korean War was putatively fought to establish and that the so-called war on terror had eerily revived. When she disallowed Cold War ideology control over representations of Home’s characters, actions, and events, Morrison recast the Korean War as the Cold War’s uncanny Other that exposed readers to an ongoing settler-colonial war being waged within 1950s US domestic society.
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Turygin, Alexander A., and Ivan S. Bakharev. "THE IMAGE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE MEMOIRS OF FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-3-82-88.
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The article is devoted to the specificity of the linguistic characteristics of the image of Imperial Russia based on the diary of Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza (Francisco de Miranda). The main purpose of the article is to analyse the identity of the author’s linguistic representation, formulating the basis of his understanding of Russia during the reign of Catherine II. The article examines the image of the Russian Empire as a holistic concept, as well as linguistic descriptions of the country’s inhabitants in order to generalise the information received and compile the image of Russia in the 18th century. To understand this image, based on the diary of Francisco de Miranda, some restrictions were made: firstly, because his social circle was limited mainly to aristocrats, and secondly, because of his considerations of a future mission in the colonies. For this reason, the entries of Francisco’s diary can be divided into three thematic blocks: a) general description of Imperial Russia as a holistic image (geographical areas, architectural buildings, social concepts such as education and art, the level of economic development, social inequality, the military); b) characteristics of the Russians; c) foreigners’ attitude towards Russia, that also affected the perception of Francisco de Miranda.
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Laachiri, Soufiane. "Translating The Difference in The Land of An African Sultan by Walter B. Harris." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.8.3.
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The present article focuses on the discursive translation of colonial knowledge as a set of complex statements of power and exclusion in Harris’ The Land of An African Sultan. This discursive process of translation acts as a continuum for the main foundations upon which post colonial consciousness, as articulated by such third world critics as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spevak, is generically based.The book is also a scientific encyclopedia which highlights a historical era with all its political and military events. It also describes the Moroccan society, its people, its political regime, its Zawaya, its culture, its customs and beliefs, its climate and geography, its architecture and landscape, its races, and even its demons. In so doing,Harris was paving the way for European imperialism through his constant descriptions and representations of the Moroccan other.His travels throughout the entire country as a traveler, and his reports about that as a journalist of The Times have explained the close relationship between Colonialism and travel writing. This relationship, being mutually a sustained way to create images of vacant spaces over time and place, highlights settlement in, and improvement of ‘primitive’ lives which were viewed as ‘uncivilized’. It also justifies the colonial enterprise which came to escalate development of the colonized land and work for the welfare of its peoples . In this dual process of interaction, translation plays significant roles.
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Shi, Wenxu, Qingyan Meng, Linlin Zhang, Maofan Zhao, Chen Su, and Tamás Jancsó. "DSANet: A Deep Supervision-Based Simple Attention Network for Efficient Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing Imagery." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215399.
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Semantic segmentation for remote sensing images (RSIs) plays an important role in many applications, such as urban planning, environmental protection, agricultural valuation, and military reconnaissance. With the boom in remote sensing technology, numerous RSIs are generated; this is difficult for current complex networks to handle. Efficient networks are the key to solving this challenge. Many previous works aimed at designing lightweight networks or utilizing pruning and knowledge distillation methods to obtain efficient networks, but these methods inevitably reduce the ability of the resulting models to characterize spatial and semantic features. We propose an effective deep supervision-based simple attention network (DSANet) with spatial and semantic enhancement losses to handle these problems. In the network, (1) a lightweight architecture is used as the backbone; (2) deep supervision modules with improved multiscale spatial detail (MSD) and hierarchical semantic enhancement (HSE) losses synergistically strengthen the obtained feature representations; and (3) a simple embedding attention module (EAM) with linear complexity performs long-range relationship modeling. Experiments conducted on two public RSI datasets (the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and Vaihingen dataset) exhibit the substantial advantages of the proposed approach. Our method achieves 79.19% mean intersection over union (mIoU) on the ISPRS Potsdam test set and 72.26% mIoU on the Vaihingen test set with speeds of 470.07 FPS on 512 × 512 images and 5.46 FPS on 6000 × 6000 images using an RTX 3090 GPU.
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Park, Yongtak, and Doyoung Kim. "Real-time service integration of defense information system." Journal of Advances in Military Studies 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v4i3.116.
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This study designs a reference model of the Defense REST API server based on the representational state transfer (REST) architecture style to present the most efficient, stable, and sustainable technical criteria for real-time service integration of defense information systems in Korea. The purpose of this component is to provide evidence to be stipulated as part of the Korean Defense Ministry's instructions and regulations, such as the Defense Interoperability Management Directive and the Interoperability Guide, and to support the development of the National Defense Interworking Technology and Interoperability. As the defense information system was subdivided and developed by the army, navy, air force, or business functions, interworking between information systems has become one of the most important factors. However, despite the need for advanced service integration and interworking, various interconnection service modules based on enterprise application integration (EAI), EAI hubs, and spokes were developed at a level that met local requirements (simple data transmission) without specific criteria for each network or information system. As a result, most of the interconnection modules currently in operation suffer from the absence of a technical spectrum, such as not meeting the military's demands for real-time interconnection and service integration, which increases with time. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the above problems by integrating the defense information system into one service and presenting a reference model of the defense REST API server to meet various real-time interworking requirements, analyze the technical basis, and pursue a model that fits military reality.
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Bevilacqua, Marco Giorgio. "Military Architecture and Mathematics." Nexus Network Journal 16, no. 3 (November 4, 2014): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-014-0220-x.
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Krook, Mona Lena, Diana Z. O'Brien, and Krista M. Swip. "Military Invasion and Women's Political Representation." International Feminist Journal of Politics 12, no. 1 (March 2010): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616740903429130.
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Legault, Rejean. "Architecture and Historical Representation." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 44, no. 4 (August 1991): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425141.
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Legault, Rejean. "Architecture and Historical Representation." Journal of Architectural Education 44, no. 4 (August 1991): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1991.11102695.
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Grush, Rick. "The architecture of representation." Philosophical Psychology 10, no. 1 (March 1997): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089708573201.
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Topp, L. "Architecture, Language, and Representation." Oxford Art Journal 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kcp016.
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Armor, David J., and Curtis L. Gilroy. "Changing Minority Representation in the U.S. Military." Armed Forces & Society 36, no. 2 (October 20, 2009): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x09339900.
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Waruszynski, Barbara T., Kate Hill MacEachern, Suzanne Raby, Michelle Straver, and Eric Ouellet. "Desire to serve: Insights from Canadian defence studies on the factors that influence women to pursue a military career." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s1 (April 1, 2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0089.
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LAY SUMMARY The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) continues to highlight the need to promote greater diversity and inclusion in its ranks. An increased representation of women in the Canadian military would enable greater capacity and capabilities to serve people, both domestically and abroad, and would contribute to a more diverse and inclusive military. To better understand how the CAF could increase the representation of women in the Canadian military, this article provides the key findings of three internal research studies on women’s perceptions of joining the military and women’s experiences as CAF members. These research studies examined the factors that influence women to join the military, the possible challenges impacting women’s decisions to join the military, and the improvements required for enabling a more effective military culture, including recruitment strategies that may help to increase the representation of women. The findings highlight specific factors and recommendations military leaders may consider to help promote greater capacity and capabilities through a more diverse and inclusive military.
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Suárez, Luis Alfonso de la Fuente. "TOWARDS EXPERIENTIAL REPRESENTATION IN ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163243.
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Planning and predicting the experiences that buildings will produce is an essential part of architectural design. The importance of representation lies in its ability to communicate experiences before a building is materialized. This article will treat the topic of representation of architecture works without putting aside our direct experience with edifices. By understanding the perceptual, associative and interactive phenomena that arise from the human encounter with buildings, it becomes possible to comprehend the representation of these phenomena through pictorial means. The first objective of this theoretical article is to define the inherent and unavoidable factors that are present in the creation and interpretation of all architectural representations, regardless of the technical means used. Any representation conveys two processes: the representation of experience (a creative process), and the experience of representation (an interpretive process). Furthermore, there exist two layers in any representation: the what (the architectural object) and the how (the representational medium). The second objective is to suggest alternatives to visual realism, in order to create representations that embody the particular phenomena that an architectural work will be able to produce. On the one hand, representations that pretend to copy reality produce in the observers detailed visual experiences; on the other hand, certain representations reflect the experiences themselves after they have been produced; they represent buildings as they are transformed by experience. This article focuses on those representations that are not only the reflection of an object, but also the reflection of our way of experiencing it.
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Asfarilla, Vini. "Boat Representation in Nusantara Architecture." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v3i1.791.
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Architecture is one of the arts of cultural product, archipelago culture rooted in traditional culture, vice versa. Traditional architecture is very diverse in Indonesia, along with the diversity of its ethnic. Traditional architecture is building with form and function which has its own characteristic, inherited from generation to generation that can be used to hold activity by the people around it. Therefore, traditional architecture is the cultural expression and direct reflection in presenting something by its people. Some Nusantara Architectures adopt boat as the representation for building’s form. Therefore, the author is interested to prove the correlation of boat as representation in some archipelago architectures. This research uses data search method through literature studies by collecting data on some researched archipelago architecture buildings' form and construction system. From these data, a correlation between boat form representation and construction system used in boats and buildings can be concluded. Keyword: Nusantara Architecture, Form of Architecture, Boat Construction, Boat Representation.
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Sherer, Daniel. "Tafuri's Renaissance: Architecture, Representation, Transgression." Assemblage, no. 28 (December 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171448.
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Baraona, Phillip, and Perry Alexander. "Abstract Architecture Representation Using VSPEC." VLSI Design 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/95465.
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Complex digital systems are often decomposed into architectures very early in the design process. Unfortunately, traditional simulation based languages such as VHDL do not allow the impact of these architectural decisions to be evaluated until a complete, simulatable design of the system is available. After a complete design is available, architectural errors are time-consuming and expensive to correct. However, there is an alternative to simulation based techniques: formal analysis of abstract architectures at the requirements level. This paper describes VSBEC'S approach for defining and analyzing abstract architectures. VSBEC is a Larch interface language for VHDL that allows a designer to specify the requirements of a VHDL entity using the canonical Larch approach. VHDL structural architectures that instantiate VSPEC entities define abstract architectures. These abstract architectures can be evaluated at the requirements level to determine the impact of architectural decisions. This paper briefly introduces VSPEC provides a formal definition of VSPEC abstract architectures and presents two examples that illustrate the architectural definition capabilities of the language.